CN108827862A - A kind of tidal creek side wall corrodes physics experimental system and method - Google Patents
A kind of tidal creek side wall corrodes physics experimental system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tidal creek side walls to corrode physics experimental system and method, belongs to and is related to tidal flat-Creek system bulkhead wall avalanche mechanism study field of measuring technique.Experimental system includes：Tidal creek side wall moulds area, water circulation system, water level and flow velocity TT&C system, osmotic control system, pore water pressure and soil moisture content monitoring system, bulkhead wall damage monitoring system.The present invention can simulate slow erosion process of the tidal creek side wall under trend and seepage flow collective effect, and then the lower instantaneous avalanche process of simulated gravity effect, judgement tide bank landslip type, determine destruction area.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of tidal creek side walls to corrode physics experimental system and method, belongs to and is related to tidal flat-Creek system
The field of measuring technique of bulkhead wall avalanche mechanism study.
Background technique
Tidal flat is the foreland band of sea-land interaction, general development in coastal plain outer rim, be widely distributed in open type,
Bay type and river mouth estuary coast have many characteristics, such as that broadness is good, scale is big, the gradient is slow, substrate particle is thin.Tidal flat relies on it certainly
Body natural resources abundant and superior geographical location enclose tideland for cultivation make ground, ecological environment, aquaculture and in terms of
With important Significance for Environment and economic value.In the intertidal zone of Inversion of Tidal Flat, i.e. ordinary high water springs line to mean springs
Tidal flat between subtidal line, the Creek system extensive development formed by drive marine especially tidal action and present dendroid,
The plane configurations structure such as rectangular-shaped, flat shape or pinniform.As the most active microrelief unit of sea-land interaction on tidal flat, tide
Ditch is the important channel of tidewater, silt and nutriment input and output tidal flat, is moulded to the landform shape of tidal flat, ecosystem
System is stablized significant.
Usually, beach face silt has stronger erosion-resisting characteristics, therefore the feature ginseng of tidal creek than the silt of tidal creek side wall
Several and tidal flat-Creek system stability depends on the side wall erosion process of hydrodynamism and tidal creek.The side wall of tidal creek
Erosion can be divided into two classes from mechanism：(1) bulkhead wall under flow action corrodes；(2) the bulkhead wall avalanche under soil block gravity.
Currently, the research corroded for tidal creek side wall is concentrated mainly on water erosion, main method includes field observation, satellite remote sensing
Image analysis, numerical simulation etc., and rare for bulkhead wall avalanche be related to.In view of tidal flat-Creek system drives in multiple-factor
Under complexity, the mechanism of bulkhead wall avalanche needs to be studied, it is therefore necessary to disclose by technical way of physical model
Bulkhead wall avalanche mechanism under tidal flat-Creek system multiple-factor collective effect is deepened to tidal flat-Creek system stability understanding.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the invention is the deficiency for above-mentioned background technique, and it is real to provide a kind of tidal creek side wall erosion physics
Check system and method, the tidal creek side wall erosion process under efficient simulation trend and seepage flow collective effect, solves mesh indoors
Preceding the technical issues of being directed to the Physical Experiment system and method for bulkhead wall avalanche mechanism under multiple-factor collective effect not yet.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that for achieving the above object：
A kind of tidal creek side wall erosion physics experimental system, including：Tidal creek side wall moulds area, water circulation system, water level and stream
Fast TT&C system, osmotic control system, pore water pressure and soil moisture content monitor system, bulkhead wall damage monitoring system, wherein
Tidal creek side wall moulds area：It is wood siding wall, the first organic glass wall, porous organic glass wall, waterproof bottom layer, close
Real hammer, live side wall soil, plastic plate, building the first organic glass wall, porous organic glass wall in waterproof bottom layer periphery makes
Waterproof bottom layer it is endless totally-enclosed, wood siding wall be inserted into the unclosed side of waterproof bottom layer there are groove, through it is closely knit hammer compacting
Live side wall soil is laid on waterproof bottom layer, and plastic plate is placed in the side of porous organic glass so that live side wall soil and more is isolated
Hole organic glass,
Water circulation system includes：Sink, reservoir, the first water pump, the second water pump, inlet and outlet pipes, water inlet pipe, valve, into
Penstock, flowing water Valve, the side that sink contact tidal creek side wall moulds wood siding wall in area are provided with convenient for tidal current scour scene side wall
The opening of soil, is laid in the inlet and outlet pipes of sink water inlet and is equipped with inlet valve and the first water pump, in sink outlet
Flowing water Valve is installed, water inlet pipe is laid between reservoir water outlet and osmotic control system water inlet, is stored in inlet and outlet pipes
The elevation of basin bottom is lower than the elevation of bottom of gullet, and the elevation of waterproof bottom layer is flushed with the Bottom Altitude of sink, reservoir
The elevation of bottom is lower than the elevation of waterproof bottom layer,
Water level and flow velocity TT&C system include：Section current meter, cross bar, the first data acquisition device, cross bar are fixed on water
On slot inner wall, section current meter is fixed on cross bar, and the first data acquisition device receives the water level and stream of section current meter measurement
Fast data, sink, inlet and outlet pipes, the first water pump, inlet valve, reservoir and flowing water Valve form water level and flow velocity TT&C system
Circulation waterway,
Osmotic control system includes：Second organic glass wall and several grooves being arranged at its side difference elevation,
Groove is furnished with the piston to match with its opening shape, and the second organic glass wall and the first organic glass wall are whole made of building
With porous organic glass besieged city osmotic control region, valve, the second water pump, water inlet pipe, reservoir form the circulation of osmotic control
Water route,
Pore water pressure and soil moisture content monitoring system include：Tensometer, tester for water ratio, the second data acquisition dress
It sets, third data acquisition device, the setting layer in tensometer and the embedded soil of side wall at the scene of tester for water ratio, the second data are adopted
Acquisition means receive the pore pressure data of tensometer acquisition, and third data acquisition device receives the moisture content number of tester for water ratio measurement
According to,
Bulkhead wall damage monitoring system includes：It is fixed on the video camera on the outside of the first organic glass wall, is fixed on outside wood siding wall
The high-speed camera of side.
Scheme is advanced optimized as tidal creek side wall erosion physics experimental system, plastic plate two sides are coated with lubricating oil.
Scheme is advanced optimized as what tidal creek side wall corroded physics experimental system, outside tensometer and tester for water ratio
All it is enclosed with plastic tube.
The scheme that advanced optimizes of physics experimental system, the side wall of sink and the first organic glass are corroded as tidal creek side wall
The interface that coincide is equipped between wall, identical interface is coated with silicone grease.
Scheme is advanced optimized as tidal creek side wall erosion physics experimental system, is equably provided with circle on porous glass plate
The density of shape hole, circular hole requires to set according to osmotic control.
Scheme is advanced optimized as tidal creek side wall erosion physics experimental system, video camera, high-speed camera are fixed on
It is arranged on the cross bar above sink.
A kind of tidal creek side wall erosion physical experimental method, includes the following steps：
S1, tidal creek side wall erosion physics experimental system is established, determines that tidal creek side wall is moulded according to practical tidal creek space scale
Length, width and the height of the tidal creek side wall in area determine trend water level, flow velocity, seepage water according to tidal regime and seepage characteristic
The setting value of grease head highness；
S2, building tidal creek side wall mould the initial bulkhead wall in area and obtain initial bulkhead wall form；
S3, simulation tidal creek side wall erosion process：
S31, control and simulation trend process：The first water pump and inlet valve are opened, in the real-time of section current meter measurement
Flowing water Valve is opened when water level is close to trend water level settings value, the regulating water inlet valve when real time water level reaches trend water level settings value
Door flow so that the two flow is identical, reaches flow rate setpoint in the real-time flow rate of section current meter measurement with flowing water Valve flow
When remove wood siding wall,
S32, control and simulation flow event：The piston that seepage flow head height setting value corresponds at elevation in groove is taken
Out, the second water pump and valve are opened, reduces valve when water level rises to highest water level in osmotic control region, removes plastics
Plate,
S33, acquisition test the picture of each stage bulkhead wall slow-flowing stream erosion process and instantaneous avalanche process,
S34, acquisition test each stage trend water level and the data of flow rate process, bulkhead wall soil body pore water pressure force and contain
The data of water rate change procedure.
The scheme that advanced optimizes of physical experimental method is corroded as tidal creek side wall, building tidal creek side wall moulds the initial of area
The bulkhead wall and method for obtaining initial bulkhead wall form is：It breaks and is rolled into live side wall soil into pieces graininess, soaked with calcium chloride solution
It steeps graininess side wall soil 24 hours, draining drying process is carried out to the side wall soil particle after immersion, by the side after being dried
Wall soil particle is laid on waterproof bottom layer, and outside is enclosed with the tensometer of plastic tube and tester for water ratio is buried at the scene
Setting layer in side wall soil, moistens to optimum moisture content after flattening each layer side wall soil particle with closely knit hammer to form each layer bulkhead wall,
The plastic tube being wrapped on the outside of tensometer and tester for water ratio is taken out, in the bulkhead wall layer for taking out tensometer and tester for water ratio
Upper slabstone 20 hours for standing a setting weight terminate the building of initial bulkhead wall when bulkhead wall height reaches setting value.
The further prioritization scheme that physical experimental method is corroded as tidal creek side wall is taking out tensometer and moisture content survey
When determining to stand a setting weight slabstone on the bulkhead wall layer of instrument, according to expression formula：Determine slabstone matter
Amount, F, Fi、FNIt is respectively still in bottom, i-th layer, the slabstone weight on the bulkhead wall of surface layer, N is total layer of live side wall soil particle
Number.
The present invention by adopting the above technical scheme, has the advantages that：
(1) the tidal creek side wall proposed, which corrodes physical model and can be convenient, efficiently simulates trend and seepage flow indoors and makees jointly
Tidal creek side wall erosion process under, experimental result can really reflect live tidal creek side wall evolution process；
(2) live side wall civil engineering is used to make bulk as 1:1 bulkhead wall model, can eliminate shadow caused by scaling of model
It rings, and the particular procedures that can be corroded bulkhead wall are observed；
(3) osmotic control system can be convenient, effective simulation and the flow event for controlling certain head height；
(4) water circulation system can collect the water overflowed in experiment, in order to cycling and reutilization, reached environmental protection, can hold
Continuous effect；
(5) water level and flow velocity TT&C system can accurately measure point of water body in sink using small prestige dragon section current meter
Laminar flow speed and height of water level, convenient for establishing the correlativity of hydrodynamic condition Yu trend lateral corrasion；
(6) pore water pressure and soil moisture content measuring system can measure the bulkhead wall soil body under trend and seepage flow collective effect
Pore water pressure and soil moisture content, convenient for obtaining pore water pressure and moisture content of the bulkhead wall soil body under complicated hydrodynamic condition
Changing rule establishes the correlativity of hydrodynamic condition and pore water pressure variation, tidal creek side wall erosion process；
(7) the tidal creek side wall that the physical model based on proposition is realized corrodes physical model test method, is tested by acquisition
Tidal creek side wall aspect graph, trend water level and the flow rate process in each stage, bulkhead wall soil body pore water pressure forces and water-cut variation mistake
Journey, obtain tidal creek side wall erosion development law, pore water pressure with seepage flow and trend changing rule.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that the present invention carries out that tidal creek side wall corrodes physical model experiment.
Fig. 2 is the general layout schematic diagram of physical model experiment device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the sectional schematic diagram of physical model experiment device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged view of physical model experiment device of the present invention, wherein Fig. 4 (A) show osmotic control system
The groove and piston of interior organic glass wall side, Fig. 4 (B), which show sink in water circulation system and moulds in area with tidal creek side wall, to be had
Stapling apparatus between machine glass wall, Fig. 4 (C) are the cellular glass that uniformly intensive circular hole is equipped in osmotic control system
Wall.
Fig. 5 is the curve comparison figure of preset water level process and simulation actual water level, flow rate process in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure label explanation：1 is wood siding wall, and 2 be the first organic glass wall, and 3 be porous organic glass wall, and 4 be waterproof
Bottom, 5 be closely knit hammer, and 6 be live side wall soil, and 7 be sink, and 8 be reservoir, and 9 be the first water pump, and 10 be inlet and outlet pipes, and 11 are
Small prestige dragon section current meter, 12 be cross bar, and 13 be the first data acquisition device, and 14 be clip, and 15 and 24 be data cable, and 16 are
Piston, 17 be the second water pump, and 18 be groove, and 19 be the second organic glass wall, and 20 be tester for water ratio, and 21 be tensometer, 22
It is the second data acquisition device and third data acquisition device with 23,25 be video camera, and 26 be high-speed camera, and 27 be plastics
Plate, 28 be valve, and 29 and 30 be inlet valve and flowing water Valve.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution of invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The present invention provides a kind of high model accuracy, measurement accuracy height, the convenient tidal creek side wall of Data Management Analysis and corrodes
Physical model experiment device and experimental method.
Tidal creek side wall erosion physics bath scaled model experimental device is as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, including：Wood siding wall 1, the first organic glass wall
2, the tidal creek side wall that porous organic glass wall 3, waterproof bottom layer 4, closely knit hammer 5, plastic plate 27, live side wall soil 6 form is moulded
Area, sink 7, reservoir 8, the first water pump 9, the second water pump 17, inlet and outlet pipes 10, water inlet pipe 20, valve 28,29 and of inlet valve
The water circulation system that flowing water Valve 30 forms, small prestige dragon section current meter 11, cross bar 12, the first data acquisition device 13, composition
Water level and flow rate monitoring system, waterproof bottom layer 4, organic glass wall 2, porous organic glass wall 3, groove 18, second are organic
The osmotic control system that glass wall 19 forms, tensometer 21, tester for water ratio 20, the second data acquisition device 22, third number
The pore water pressure and soil moisture content measuring system formed according to acquisition device 23, video camera 25, high-speed camera 26 form
Bulkhead wall damage monitoring system.The side that the contact of sink 7 tidal creek side wall moulds wood siding wall 1 in area is provided with convenient for tidal current scour scene side
The opening of wall soil.The water level and flow speed data that small prestige dragon section current meter 11 measures are uploaded to the first data through data cable 15 and adopt
The data cable 24 of acquisition means 13, the moisture content data warp that tester for water ratio 20 measures is uploaded to third data acquisition device
23。
Waterproof bottom layer 4 is the smooth rectangular area (being also possible to other shapes of region) that cement pours, and according to tide
Ditch side wall moulds the length and width that area's specific size determines waterproof bottom layer 4.Is embedded in 4 casting process of waterproof bottom layer
One organic glass wall 2 and porous organic glass wall 3 are stable whole to form it into one.In 4 casting process of waterproof bottom layer
There are grooves for a unclosed side bottom, and wood siding wall 1 is inserted into groove when experiment starts.Two sides are coated with to the plastic plate 27 of lubricating oil
It is placed in front of porous organic glass wall 3.Live side wall soil 6 is laid on waterproof bottom layer 4 according to requirement of experiment.Osmotic control system
Shown in cellular glass wall such as Fig. 4 (C) in system equipped with uniform dense distribution circular hole.
Sink 7 and reservoir 8 are rectangular area, and the two is connected by inlet and outlet pipes 10, and 8 bottom elevation of reservoir is lower than sink
7 bottom elevations.First water pump 9, inlet valve 29 and flowing water Valve 30 are installed in inlet and outlet pipes 10.Small prestige dragon fluid velocity profile instrument 11
It is fixed on cross bar 12 by clip 14, and is connected by data cable 15 with the first data acquisition device 13.Cross bar 12 is fixed
In 7 side side wall of sink, the bottom elevation that tidal creek side wall moulds waterproof bottom layer 4 in area is flushed with 7 bottom elevation of sink.Water circulation
Sink and tidal creek side wall are moulded shown in stapling apparatus such as Fig. 4 (B) in area between the first organic glass wall in system.
The first organic glass wall 2, the porous organic glass wall 3 and second being embedded in 4 casting process of waterproof bottom layer are organic
Glass wall 19 forms one and stablizes entirety.6 groove holes, groove is arranged by Fig. 4 (A) shape in second organic glass wall, 19 side
Height Ha is 5cm, and the distance between each groove La is 5cm, and the minimum groove of elevation is located above 4 bottom of waterproof bottom layer
5cm.Water inlet pipe 20 is fixed on 19 upper middle position of the second organic glass wall, and the second water pump 17 and the setting of valve 28 are being intake
On pipe 20.
Tensometer 21 and tester for water ratio 20 are embedded in the setting position of live side wall soil 6, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, remodeling
The length of live side wall is respectively L, W, H, wherein length direction is reference axis X-direction, width direction is the reference axis side Y
It is reference axis Z-direction to, short transverse.Tensometer 21 divides the same side of two layers of setting side wall soil 6 at the scene, first layer tensometer
21 with a distance from waterproof bottom layer be bulkhead wall height H one third, coordinate be respectively (1/4L, 2/3W, 1/3H), (1/2L, 2/
3W,1/3H),(3/4L,2/3W,1/3H)；Second layer tensometer 21 with a distance from waterproof bottom layer for bulkhead wall height H three/
Two, coordinate is respectively (1/4L, 2/3W, 2/3H), (1/2L, 2/3W, 2/3H), (3/4L, 2/3W, 2/3H)；Tester for water ratio
20 are arranged the other side of side wall soil 6 at the scene, and coordinate is respectively (1/4L, 1/3W, 1/2H), (3/4L, 1/3W, 1/2H).
Video camera is fixed on the outside of the organic glass wall 2 that tidal creek side wall is moulded in area, and two high-speed cameras are fixed on tide
Ditch side wall moulds 1 outside of wood siding wall in area, and cross bar is arranged above sink or sink is placed near metope, will image
Machine, high-speed camera are fixed on cross bar or metope.
Fig. 1 shows and carries out the flow diagram that tidal creek side wall corrodes physical model experiment according to the present invention.Such as Fig. 1 institute
Show, the present invention provides a kind of tidal creek side wall erosion physics model experiment method, includes the following steps：
Step S1, determines according to actual conditions model experiment parameter：Tidal creek side wall is determined according to practical tidal creek space scale
Tidal creek side wall length, width and the height for moulding area, determine trend water level, flow rate process according to tidal regime, according to seepage flow spy
Property determines seepage flow head height；
Step S2, building tidal creek side wall mould the initial bulkhead wall in area and obtain initial bulkhead wall form：Live side wall soil is struck
It is broken, roll to graininess, use cacl2Solution drains after impregnating side wall soil particle 24 hours, keeps the drying of side wall soil micro- to prevent
Biological growth causes hole, and a certain amount of side wall soil dry particle is laid in tidal creek side wall according to 10 centimetres of one layer of layerings and is moulded
On the waterproof bottom layer in area, tensometer and tester for water ratio are placed into side at the scene during being laid with side wall soil dry particle
In the setting layer of wall soil, plastic tube is wrapped up on the outside of tensometer and tester for water ratio.To each layer of silt of the soil of side wall on site
It is compacted to after setting density and is moistened to optimum moisture content with closely knit hammer, taking-up is wrapped on the outside of tensometer and tester for water ratio
Plastic tube, standing setting weight on it is FiSlabstone 20 hours, when bulkhead wall height reach setting value when terminate initial bulkhead wall
Building.After the completion of initial bulkhead wall building, by the length, the width, height that obtain initial bulkhead wall with video camera and high-speed camera
Degree and the gradient, wherein
In formula, FiFor the slabstone weight rested on i-th layer of bulkhead wall, N is total number of plies of live side wall soil particle, and i is to work as
Foreland parietal layer number, indicates bottom as i=1, and when i=N indicates surface layer, F1And FNWhat is respectively set rests on bottom and surface layer
Slabstone weight on bulkhead wall；
Step S3, the simulation of tidal creek side wall erosion process：
Sub-step S31, trend process control and simulation comprising：Open the first water pump, make water in reservoir pass through into
Outlet pipe conveys in screw clamp, obtains real time water level, flow velocity in sink by small prestige dragon section current meter, and opening inlet valve makes
Water level rapid increase in sink is obtained, when the close setting water level of the water level that small prestige dragon section current meter is measured, opens flowing water Valve
And be gradually increased flowing water Valve and water level is made to move closer to setting value, inlet valve and water outlet are kept when water level reaches setting value
Valve flow is consistent, at this point, increasing simultaneously or reduction inlet valve and flowing water Valve measure small prestige dragon section current meter
Flow velocity reaches setting value, when waterflow stabilization time shift dehumidifying ditch side wall moulds the wood siding wall in area in sink, so that trend is directly made
Live side wall local products life for remodeling is washed away,
Sub-step S32, flow event control and simulation：Firstly, will be by the fluted matched piston seal of institute, according to setting
The piston that fixed seepage flow head height takes out corresponding elevation closes groove at this not, opens water pump, makes the water in reservoir
It is transported to osmotic control system by water inlet pipe, valve is opened and slowly intakes so that water level is raised slowly in osmotic control system
Highest water level reduces valve and the water level in osmotic control system is made to maintain slow overflow situation, at this point, removing tidal creek side
Wall moulds the plastic plate in area, so that sluggish flow flows through the live side wall soil inside after remodeling,
Sub-step S33 acquires the slow-flowing stream erosion process and instantaneous avalanche process for testing each stage bulkhead wall
Image, camera shoot the high definition photo of bulkhead wall according to Fixed Time Interval, meanwhile, camera record water erosion process and bank
Wall avalanche process,
Sub-step S34 is acquired and is forced in the trend water level and flow rate process, bulkhead wall soil body pore water pressure for testing each stage
And water-cut variation process；
Step S4, model-test data processing and analysis：The each stage bank of test is measured by video camera, high-speed camera
The three-dimensional configuration of wall is to obtain the evolution process in the form of bulkhead wall；According to measure trend water level, change in flow process, in conjunction with bulkhead wall
Slow evolution process under flow action can disclose the bulkhead wall erosion mechanism under trend effect, according to measuring bulkhead wall soil body hole
Conversion rule in gap water pressure, the available experimentation of water-cut variation process between saturated soil-unsaturated soil, in conjunction with tide
Seepage force caused by the confining pressure provided and seepage flow is provided, brings publication into《A kind of tidal creek side wall is washed away and slump process
One-dimensional simulation method》(publication number：CN105956343A bulkhead wall avalanche mechanism) can be disclosed, multiple groups experimental analysis can also be passed through
The influence of different hydrodynamic condition, soil type to tidal creek side wall erosion process.
Trend process is replaced with step-like steady flow process in experimentation, needs constantly to repeat sub-step S31.
For the structure, feature and effect that the present invention will be described in detail, now in conjunction with following embodiment and attached drawing is cooperated further to retouch
It states.
Embodiment：By taking Middle Jiangsu Province coastal sludge matter tidal flat tidal creek side wall corrodes physical model experiment as an example, Middle Jiangsu Province
Tidal creek bulkhead wall height is 20cm~2m, and deposit is mainly the mud and flour sand of 0.001~0.05mm of partial size, from land to marine value
Partial size is gradually increased, and respectively 28.2 μm, 40.0 μm, 87.7 μm, it is ρ that silt density, which is calculated, with hydrometer methods=2650kg/
m3.The tidal creek side wall erosion process of this experimental study intertidal zone middle and upper part considers that dew beach period beach face water returns slot process, sets bank
For wall having a size of 1m*1m*0.7m (long * wide * high), bulkhead wall soil body density is 2650kg/m3, tidal range 1.2m, seepage flow head height
It is set as 35cm.
Physics model experiment method is corroded using tidal creek side wall of the invention and device, specific implementation step are as follows：
(1) Data Preparation
According to the bulkhead wall size of setting, tidal creek side wall moulds head of district 1.2m, width 1m, high 1m, the trend for being 1.2m by tidal range
Process simplification is including three phases shown in Fig. 5 dotted line：The slack water phase (water level 50cm, flow velocity 0.05m/s), rising suddenly falls anxious phase (water
Position 30cm, flow velocity 0.2m/s), beach face water return the slot phase (water level 10cm, flow velocity 0.1m/s), seepage flow head height be 35cm.
(2) it constructs initial bulkhead wall and obtains initial bulkhead wall form
Tidal creek side wall is corroded using indoor physical model experimental provision and carries out model, is illustrated in figure 2 the physical model
Experimental provision general layout schematic diagram, Fig. 3 are experimental provision sectional schematic diagram of the present invention.Wherein, it includes wood that tidal creek side wall, which moulds area,
Board wall 1, organic glass wall 2, porous organic glass wall 3, waterproof bottom layer 4, closely knit hammer 5, plastic plate 27, live side wall soil 6, no
The 1.2m*1m rectangle that permeable bottom 4 is encircled a city.When bulkhead wall is moulded, firstly, live side wall soil 6 is broken into pieces, is rolled to graininess, use
cacl2Hole caused by draining, drying are after solution impregnates 24 hours to prevent microorganism from growing；By above-mentioned processed live side
Wall soil 6 is that 265kg divides 7 floor to be laid in tidal creek side wall to mould on the waterproof bottom layer in area by every layer of quality, thickness after every layer compression
For 10cm, density 2650kg/m3, during which, it is placed on after wrapping up plastic tube on the outside of tensometer 21 and tester for water ratio 20
In the setting layer of live side wall soil, wherein (unit is for the coordinate of tensometer 21：Rice) be respectively (3/10,2/3,1/3), (3/5,
2/3,1/3),(9/10,2/3,1/3),(3/10,2/3,2/3),(3/5,2/3,2/3),(9/10,2/3,2/3)；Moisture content is surveyed
The coordinate for determining instrument 20 is respectively (3/10,1/3,1/2), (9/10,1/3,1/2).Each layer of silt of side wall soil 6 on site is used
Closely knit hammer is moistened after flattening to optimum moisture content (this example is 25%), and taking-up is wrapped in tensometer 21 and tester for water ratio 20
The plastic tube in outside, it is F that setting weight is stood on this layer of bulkhead walliSlabstone 20 hours, when bulkhead wall height reach setting value when
Terminate the building of initial bulkhead wall, wherein
In formula, FiFor the slabstone weight rested on i-th layer of bulkhead wall, N is total number of plies of live side wall soil particle, and i is to work as
Foreland parietal layer number, indicates bottom as i=1, and when i=N indicates surface layer, F1And FNWhat is respectively set rests on bottom and surface layer
Slabstone weight on bulkhead wall, F in this exampleN=1.3kN, F1=4.5kN.
After the completion of initial bulkhead wall building, initial bulkhead wall photo is shot along all angles using high-speed camera, passes through SfM
(Structure from Motion) algorithm obtains length, width, height and the gradient of initial bulkhead wall.
(3) tidal creek side wall erosion process is simulated
This physical model experiment flow condition be tidal range 1.2m sinusoidal pattern tide process and head 35cm flow event,
In, trend process simplification is shown in Fig. 5 dotted line including three phases：Slack water phase (water level 50cm, flow velocity 0.05m/s), anxious fall of rising
Anxious phase (water level 30cm, flow velocity 0.2m/s), beach face water are returned the slot phase (water level 10cm, flow velocity 0.1m/s), each stage corresponding mould
Quasi- duration is shown in Fig. 5, and tidal creek side wall erosion experiment process is as follows：
A, first that video camera 25, high-speed camera 26 is fixed, making the initial bulkhead wall side of 25 face of video camera, (x-z is flat
Face), the initial bulkhead wall of 26 face of high-speed camera is positive (y-z plane), starts video camera 25 and high-speed camera 26；
B, the first water pump 9 is opened, inlet valve 29 is opened, the water in reservoir 8 is made to be transported to water by inlet and outlet pipes 10
In slot 7, real time water level, flow velocity in sink 7 are obtained by small prestige dragon section current meter 11；
C, increasing (reduction) inlet valve 29 makes water level in sink 7 rise (decline), when small prestige dragon section current meter 11
When the water level measured is close to setting water level, opens flowing water Valve 30 and be gradually increased (reduction) flowing water Valve 30 and make water level gradually
Close to setting value, keep inlet valve 29,30 flow of flowing water Valve consistent when water level reaches setting value, at this point, increasing simultaneously
Or reduce the flow velocity that inlet valve 29 and flowing water Valve 30 measure small prestige dragon section current meter 11 and reach setting value, work as sink
When middle waterflow stabilization, removes tidal creek side wall and mould the live side wall soil 6 that the wood siding wall 1 in area makes trend directly act on remodeling
Generation is washed away；
D, institute fluted 18 is sealed with matched piston 16, takes out the 4th according to the seepage flow head height 35cm of setting
The mating piston 16 of (counting up from waterproof bottom layer 4) groove 18 closes the groove 18 not；
E, the second water pump 17 is opened, so that the water in reservoir 8 is transported to osmotic control system by water inlet pipe 20, opens valve
Slowly so that water level is raised slowly to highest water level in osmotic control system, reduction valve 28 makes osmotic control to door 28 for water inlet
Water level in system maintains slow overflow situation, makes water flow slow at this point, removing tidal creek side wall and moulding the plastic plate 27 in area
Slug flow is inside the live side wall soil 6 after remolding；
F, slow under trend and seepage effect with video camera 25, each stage bulkhead wall of the acquisition experiment of high-speed camera 26
Instantaneous avalanche process under erosion process and gravity；
G, the trend water level of each stage bulkhead wall is tested according to acquisition device 13 and 22 and 23 records with the first, second number third
With flow rate process, bulkhead wall soil body pore water pressure forces and water-cut variation process；
H, c is repeated the above steps to realize water level, change in flow process, completes trend process simulation.
(4) data process&analysis
Evolution process, trend water level, change in flow process, the bulkhead wall soil body pore water of bulkhead wall form are obtained after experiment
Pressure, water-cut variation process.Bring the above results into publication ' a kind of tidal creek side wall wash away and slump process it is one-dimensional
Analogy method (publication number：CN105956343A bulkhead wall avalanche mechanism) ' is disclosed.
In conclusion the invention has the advantages that：
(1) the tidal creek side wall proposed, which corrodes physical model and can be convenient, efficiently simulates trend and seepage flow indoors and makees jointly
Tidal creek side wall erosion process under, experimental result can really reflect live tidal creek side wall evolution process；
(2) live side wall civil engineering is used to make bulk as 1:1 bulkhead wall model, can eliminate shadow caused by scaling of model
It rings, and the particular procedures that can be corroded bulkhead wall are observed；
(3) osmotic control system can be convenient, effective simulation and the flow event for controlling certain head height；
(4) water circulation system can collect the water overflowed in experiment, in order to cycling and reutilization, reached environmental protection, can hold
Continuous effect；
(5) water level and flow velocity TT&C system can accurately measure point of water body in sink using small prestige dragon section current meter
Laminar flow speed and height of water level, convenient for establishing the correlativity of hydrodynamic condition and current lateral erosion；
(6) pore water pressure and soil moisture content measuring system can measure the bulkhead wall soil body under trend and seepage flow collective effect
Pore water pressure and soil moisture content, convenient for obtaining pore water pressure and moisture content of the bulkhead wall soil body under complicated hydrodynamic condition
Changing rule establishes the correlativity of hydrodynamic condition and pore water pressure variation, tidal creek side wall erosion process；
(7) the tidal creek side wall that the physical model based on proposition is realized corrodes physical model test method, is tested by acquisition
Tidal creek side wall aspect graph, trend water level and the flow rate process in each stage, bulkhead wall soil body pore water pressure forces and water-cut variation mistake
Journey, obtain tidal creek side wall erosion development law, pore water pressure with seepage flow and trend changing rule.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of tidal creek side wall corrodes physics experimental system, which is characterized in that including：Tidal creek side wall mould area, water circulation system,
Water level and flow velocity TT&C system, osmotic control system, pore water pressure and soil moisture content monitoring system, bulkhead wall destroy monitoring system
System, wherein
The tidal creek side wall moulds area and includes：It is wood siding wall (1), the first organic glass wall (2), porous organic glass wall (3), impermeable
Water-bed layer (4), closely knit hammer (5), live side wall native (6), plastic plate (27), building has the first of waterproof bottom layer (4) periphery
Machine glass wall (2), porous organic glass wall (3) make waterproof bottom layer (4) endless totally-enclosed, and wood siding wall (1) insertion is waterproof
Bottom (4) unclosed side there are groove, the live side wall native (6) through closely knit hammer (5) compacting is laid on waterproof bottom layer (4)
On, plastic plate (27) is placed in the side of porous organic glass (3) so that live side wall native (6) and porous organic glass (3) are isolated,
The water circulation system includes：Sink (7), reservoir (8), the first water pump (9), the second water pump (17), inlet and outlet pipes
(10), water inlet pipe (20), valve (28), inlet valve (29), flowing water Valve (30), sink (7) the contact tidal creek side wall modeling
The side for making wood siding wall in area (1) is provided with convenient for the opening of tidal current scour scene side wall soil, be laid in sink (7) water inlet into
Inlet valve (29) and the first water pump (9) are installed on outlet pipe (10), pacified in the inlet and outlet pipes (10) of sink (7) water outlet
Equipped with flowing water Valve (30), water inlet pipe (20) is laid between reservoir (8) water outlet and osmotic control system water inlet, described
The elevation of reservoir (8) bottom is lower than the elevation of sink (7) bottom, and the elevation of waterproof bottom layer (4) and the bottom of sink (7) are high
Cheng Qiping, the elevation of reservoir (8) bottom are lower than the elevation of waterproof bottom layer (4),
The water level and flow velocity TT&C system include：Section current meter (11), cross bar (12), the first data acquisition device (13),
Cross bar (12) is fixed on sink (7) inner wall, and section current meter (11) is fixed on cross bar (12), the first data acquisition device
(13) receive section current meter (11) measurement water level and flow speed data, sink (7), inlet and outlet pipes (10), the first water pump (9),
Inlet valve (29), reservoir (8) and flowing water Valve (30) form the circulation waterway of water level and flow velocity TT&C system,
The osmotic control system includes：Second organic glass wall (19) and it is arranged in several recessed at its side difference elevation
Slot (18), groove (18) are furnished with the piston (16) that matches with its opening shape, the second organic glass wall (19) and first organic
Whole and porous organic glass (3) besieged city osmotic control region, valve (28), the second water pump made of glass wall (2) is built
(17), water inlet pipe (20), reservoir (8) form the circulation waterway of osmotic control,
The pore water pressure and soil moisture content monitoring system include：Tensometer (21), tester for water ratio (20), the second number
According to acquisition device (22), third data acquisition device (23), tensometer (21) and the embedded side at the scene of tester for water ratio (20)
Setting layer in wall soil (6), the second data acquisition device (22) receive the pore pressure data of tensometer (21) acquisition, and third data are adopted
Acquisition means (23) receive the moisture content data of tester for water ratio (20) measurement,
The bulkhead wall damage monitoring system includes：It is fixed on the video camera (25) on the outside of the first organic glass wall (2), is fixed on wood
High-speed camera (26) on the outside of board wall (1).
2. a kind of tidal creek side wall corrodes physics experimental system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the plastic plate (27)
Two sides are coated with lubricating oil.
3. a kind of tidal creek side wall corrodes physics experimental system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that tensometer (21) and contain
Plastic tube is all enclosed with outside water rate analyzer (20).
4. a kind of tidal creek side wall corrodes physics experimental system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sink (7)
The interface that coincide is equipped between side wall and the first organic glass wall (2), identical interface is coated with silicone grease.
5. a kind of tidal creek side wall corrodes physics experimental system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the porous glass plate
(3) circular hole is equably provided on, the density of circular hole requires to set according to osmotic control.
6. a kind of tidal creek side wall corrodes physics experimental system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the video camera
(25), high-speed camera (26), which is fixed on, is arranged on the cross bar above sink (7).
7. a kind of tidal creek side wall corrodes physical experimental method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1, the erosion physics experimental system of tidal creek side wall described in claim 1 is established, tidal creek is determined according to practical tidal creek space scale
Side wall moulds length, width and the height of the tidal creek side wall in area, determines trend water level, stream according to tidal regime and seepage characteristic
Speed, the setting value of seepage flow head height；
S2, building tidal creek side wall mould the initial bulkhead wall in area and obtain initial bulkhead wall form；
S3, simulation tidal creek side wall erosion process：
S31, control and simulation trend process：The first water pump and inlet valve are opened, in the real time water level of section current meter measurement
Flowing water Valve is opened when close to trend water level settings value, the regulating water inlet valve door stream when real time water level reaches trend water level settings value
Amount so that the two flow is identical, reaches flow rate setpoint time shift in the real-time flow rate that section current meter measures with flowing water Valve flow
Except wood siding wall,
S32, control and simulation flow event：Seepage flow head height setting value is corresponded to the piston at elevation in groove to take out, is beaten
The second water pump and valve are opened, reduces valve when water level rises to highest water level in osmotic control region, removes plastic plate,
S33, acquisition test the picture of each stage bulkhead wall slow-flowing stream erosion process and instantaneous avalanche process,
S34, the data for acquiring each stage trend water level of experiment and flow rate process, bulkhead wall soil body pore water pressure forces and moisture content
The data of change procedure.
8. a kind of tidal creek side wall corrodes physical experimental method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that building tidal creek side wall modeling
It makes the initial bulkhead wall in area and the method for obtaining initial bulkhead wall form is：It breaks and is rolled into live side wall soil into pieces graininess, use chlorine
Change calcium solution and impregnate graininess side wall soil 24 hours, draining drying process is carried out to the side wall soil particle after immersion, it will be through drying
Treated, and side wall soil particle is laid on waterproof bottom layer, and outside is enclosed with to the tensometer and tester for water ratio of plastic tube
Setting layer in the embedded soil of side wall at the scene, moistens to optimum moisture content after flattening each layer side wall soil particle with closely knit hammer to be formed
Each layer bulkhead wall takes out the plastic tube being wrapped on the outside of tensometer and tester for water ratio, is taking out tensometer and measurement of water-content coefficient
The slabstone of a setting weight 20 hours are stood on the bulkhead wall layer of instrument, terminate the structure of initial bulkhead wall when bulkhead wall height reaches setting value
It builds.
9. a kind of tidal creek side wall corrodes physical experimental method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that take out tensometer and
When standing a setting weight slabstone on the bulkhead wall layer of tester for water ratio, according to expression formula：Really
Determine slabstone quality, F, Fi、FNIt is respectively still in bottom, i-th layer, the slabstone weight on the bulkhead wall of surface layer, N is live side wall soil
Total number of plies of grain.
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