CN115575093A - Sea-filling area double-seepage unit simulation device and test method thereof - Google Patents
Sea-filling area double-seepage unit simulation device and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a sea-filling area double seepage unit simulation device and a test method thereof, wherein the sea-filling area double seepage unit simulation device comprises a double-unit seepage groove, wherein the left side of the double-unit seepage groove is provided with a fresh water distribution device, and the right side of the double-unit seepage groove is provided with a tide generator and a salt water supplement device at the upper part; the tide generator comprises a salt water tank, a salt water tank water outlet pipe and a salt water tank water inlet pipe, wherein the left side of the salt water tank is connected with the salt water tank water outlet pipe; the interior of the double-unit seepage groove positioned in the center is sequentially divided into a fresh water boundary, an original seepage area, a first salt water boundary, a sea filling area and a second salt water boundary from left to right. By adopting the technical scheme, the water-salt distribution of the original seepage area can be realized, and the underground water level, the length of a saline water wedge, the underground water discharge amount and the underground saline water desalination duration time after sea filling can be tested, so that the underground water discharge path and the composition of different sources are analyzed, and the action mechanism and the influence effect of underground water dynamics change under the sea filling condition are clarified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seawater intrusion simulation, in particular to a sea reclamation area double seepage unit simulation device and a test method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of economy and society in China, the contradiction between construction land and agricultural land in coastal areas is increasingly intensified, and sea reclamation is an effective means for relieving the human lance shield in coastal areas by converting the original sea area into land in a landfill mode. Through research on influences of hong Kong and Shenzhen sea reclamation projects on underground water, large-scale sea reclamation enables a coast line to move towards offshore, so that land area and underground water supply amount are increased, an original underground water-salt balance state is broken, the underground water level of a region is greatly increased, a salt-fresh water interface (actually a mixed zone) is retreated towards the direction of the ocean, and ground swamping is formed in a sea reclamation area. In addition, in arid-semiarid coastal areas, due to the drought climate, the evaporation capacity of underground water is strong, the rainfall is less and is concentrated in rainy seasons, so that the problem of large-area soil salinization in sea-filling areas is caused, and the normal growth of surface plants is seriously influenced. Therefore, the deep research on the influence mechanism and the environmental effect of sea reclamation on the underground water system has important scientific significance and application value. However, the dynamic process of coastal groundwater-salt under the condition of sea filling cannot be described by adopting the traditional seawater invasion simulation device. The invention designs a novel double-seepage-unit simulation device suitable for the condition of artificial sea reclamation, which not only can be used for water and salt distribution in an original seepage area, but also can be used for testing the underground water level, the length of a saline water wedge, the underground water discharge amount and the underground saline water desalination duration after sea reclamation.
In the prior art, a traditional coastal groundwater simulation system is composed of a fresh water unit, a seepage groove and a salt water boundary. The boundary of the fresh water and the salt water is arranged at two sides of the seepage groove and is respectively separated by a hard plastic plate partition plate with holes, so that the condition that the artificial aquifer medium flows out of the seepage groove is prevented, and the water flow migration process is not influenced. The bottom of the salt-fresh water tank is provided with a water inlet hole which is respectively connected with a water pump through a silica gel hose for supplying salt water and fresh water to the water tank. Wherein, the salt water boundary can be connected with a tidal generation device, and can simulate single sine tidal change. A drain hole is provided at a fixed height outside the upper portions of the two water units to maintain a constant water level. By changing the level of the salt water and the fresh water, the device can be used for researching the seawater invasion process of the coastal aquifer and calculating the underground water discharge. Therefore, the traditional seawater intrusion simulation device only has one seepage zone and cannot simulate the underground water power process of two seepage zones (an original seepage zone and a sea reclamation zone) under the condition of artificial sea reclamation. The movable perforated hard plastic plate and the waterproof hard plastic plate are arranged between the two seepage units, so that the initial seepage area and the sea-filling area can be simulated really, and the disturbance of the sea-filling area in the filling process to the original seepage area is overcome.
The double-seepage-unit simulation device designed by the invention can generate an initial saline water wedge in an original seepage area, so that important indexes such as underground water level change before and after sea reclamation, length change of the saline water wedge, underground water discharge change, underground saline water desalination duration and the like can be quantitatively measured, the underground water discharge path and the composition of different sources are further analyzed, and the action mechanism and the influence effect of underground water dynamics change under the sea reclamation condition are clarified.
Disclosure of Invention
The sea reclamation is to change the original sea area into land by a landfill mode, and the large-scale sea reclamation enables the coast line to move towards the offshore, so the dynamic process of coastal groundwater-salt under the sea reclamation condition can not be described by adopting the traditional seawater intrusion simulation device. In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a sea-filling area double-seepage-unit simulation device and a test method, which are suitable for a novel double-seepage-unit simulation device under the condition of artificial sea filling, can not only realize the water-salt distribution of an original seepage area, but also test the underground water level, the saline water wedge length, the underground water discharge amount and the underground saline water desalination duration after sea filling, thereby analyzing the underground water discharge path and the composition of different sources, and clarifying the action mechanism and the influence effect of the underground water dynamics change under the sea-filling condition.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a double seepage unit simulation device for a sea-filling area comprises a double-unit seepage tank, wherein a fresh water distribution device is arranged on the left side of the double-unit seepage tank, and a tide generator and a salt water supplement device on the upper portion are arranged on the right side of the double-unit seepage tank;
the fresh water distribution device comprises a fresh water tank, the bottom of the fresh water tank is connected with a first silicone tube, and a fresh water flowmeter is arranged on the silicone tube;
the tide generator comprises a salt water tank, a salt water tank water outlet pipe and a salt water tank water inlet pipe, wherein the salt water tank water outlet pipe is connected with the left side of the salt water tank;
the interior of the central double-unit seepage groove is sequentially divided into a fresh water boundary, an original seepage area, a first salt water boundary, a sea filling area and a second salt water boundary from left to right, a fresh water inlet hole is formed in the bottom of the left side of the fresh water boundary, a fresh water drainage sleeve is arranged in the fresh water boundary, the height of the fresh water drainage sleeve is adjustable, a first perforated hard plastic plate is arranged on the right side of the fresh water boundary, the fresh water inlet hole is connected with a first silicone tube of a fresh water distribution device, and an artificial water-containing medium is filled in the original seepage area; the left side of the first salt water boundary is provided with a second hard plastic plate with holes, the right side of the first salt water boundary is provided with a waterproof hard plastic plate, the upper part of the waterproof hard plastic plate is provided with a first overflow hole with a certain height, and a first salt water inlet/outlet hole is formed below the waterproof hard plastic plate; the sea filling area is used for filling sea filling materials, and the bottom of the sea filling area is provided with a hard plastic pipe which is connected with a first salt water inlet/outlet hole and a height-variable overflow column; the left side of the second salt water boundary is provided with a third hard plastic plate with holes, and the upper part of the right side is provided with a second overflow hole with fixed height and is externally connected with a salt water flowmeter;
the salt water supplementing device comprises a high-concentration salt water tank, the high-concentration salt water tank is connected with a second silica gel hose, and a high-salt water flowmeter is arranged on the second silica gel hose.
Preferably, the width of the fresh water boundary, the first salt water boundary and the second salt water boundary is set to be 10 cm.
As a preferred scheme, the fresh water to be tested in the fresh water tank is deionized water, the salt water tank stores 50L of standard salt water, wherein the concentration of the NaCl solution is 34.0 g/L, the concentration of the carmine food dye is 1.0 g/L, and the density of the prepared standard salt water is 1.026 kg/L; the high-concentration salt water tank stores high-concentration salt water with the total salinity of 70.0 g/L.
Preferably, the artificial water-containing medium filled in the original seepage zone is white quartz sand with uniform filling, the average diameter is about 1.0 mm, the original seepage zone is uniformly filled with standard quartz sand with the particle size of 1.0 mm according to equal volume weight and layering, the filling is 5 cm each time, and the thickness of the initial water-containing layer is 90 cm respectively.
Preferably, the sea-filling material in the sea-filling area is white quartz sand with the diameter of 1.5 mm and 0.50 mm, and standard quartz sand with the volume weight similar to that of the sea-filling material is uniformly filled in the sea-filling area in a layered mode, wherein the standard quartz sand is filled for 5 cm each time until the thickness of the sea-filling material reaches 90 cm.
A test method for a sea reclamation area double seepage unit simulation device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a reagent:
storing fresh water into a fresh water tank for later use, wherein the fresh water to be tested is deionized water; storing 50L of standard saline water in a saline water tank for later use, wherein the concentration of NaCl solution is 34.0 g/L, the concentration of carmine food dye is 1.0 g/L, and the density of the prepared standard saline water is 1.026 kg/L; preparing high-concentration salt water and storing the high-concentration salt water in a high-concentration salt water tank, wherein the total salinity of the high-concentration salt water is 70.0g/L, and the proportion of the high-concentration salt water is the same as that of standard salt water; uniformly filling white quartz sand with the average diameter of about 1.0 mm in the original seepage area; in addition, white quartz sand with the grain size of 1.5 mm and 0.50 mm is prepared to be used as a sea filling material to simulate the dynamic change of underground water salt under different sea filling materials;
s2, a measuring method:
measuring the salinity of the salt water and the fresh water by using a conductivity meter; attaching scales around the original seepage zone, photographing the seawater invasion and retraction process by using a high-speed camera, and obtaining the relationship between a light intensity parameter and salinity by using MATLAB software so as to determine the dynamic changes of the interface width and the form of the fresh and salt water in the seepage tank at different moments;
s3, seawater invasion of an original aquifer:
under the condition of fresh water saturation, uniformly filling standard quartz sand with the particle size of 1.0 mm in an original seepage zone according to equal volume weight and layering, wherein the filling is 5 cm each time, and the thickness of an initial aquifer is 90 cm respectively; slowly introducing fresh water from the fresh water boundary, keeping the water level of the fresh water boundary at 80 cm, and gradually forming a fresh water stable flow field in the original seepage zone, wherein the height of the fresh water drainage sleeve is equal to 75 cm of the average seawater level; opening a peristaltic pump of the tidal generator, slowly introducing colored standard salt water from the bottom of the first salt water boundary, and overflowing redundant fresh water from an overflow hole with a first certain height; stretching a second silica gel hose to be above the first salt water boundary, and adjusting the salinity of the ocean boundary by using high-concentration salt water until a stable salt water wedge is formed in seepage; starting a tidal generator, constructing a single sine wave simulation tidal boundary on the first saline water boundary, measuring and shooting for 1 time every 5 min, and continuously measuring the groundwater level, the saline water wedge length, the saline water transition zone width and the drainage zone position in the original seepage zone;
s4, a manual sea filling process:
stopping the tidal generator; uniformly filling standard quartz sand with the particle size similar to that of the sea filling material in a sea filling area and a first salt water boundary according to equal volume weight and layering under the salt water saturation condition, wherein the filling is performed for 5 cm each time until the thickness of the sea filling material reaches 90 cm; pumping the hard plastic pipe back to a second salt water boundary from the first salt water boundary, pulling out the second perforated hard plastic plate and the impermeable hard plastic plate to connect the original seepage area with the sea-filling area, turning on the peristaltic pump of the tidal generator again, slowly introducing colored standard salt water from the bottom of the second salt water boundary, and overflowing redundant fresh water from a second fixed-height overflow hole; moving the second silica gel hose to the position above the second salt water boundary, and adjusting the salinity of the ocean boundary by using high-concentration salt water to keep the density of the salt water at 1.026 kg/L;
s5, evaluation indexes and methods:
s51, direct observation index:
attaching scales on the periphery of the seepage groove, measuring and shooting for 1 time every 10 min, and continuously observing the groundwater level (Ht), the saline water wedge length (Lt), the saline-fresh water transition zone width (Wt) and the drainage area path (Pt);
s52, saline wedge retraction rate (SWL):
in the formula, SWL0 and SWL are the distances from the top end of the salt water wedge to the sea boundary after sea filling at 0 and t; SWL is positive, indicating residual saltwater wedge back (desalination); conversely, residual saltwater wedge extension is indicated; the range of the salt water wedge is determined by a 50% seawater salinity contour line, and the SWL can depict the desalting effect and the desalting time of the high-salinity salt water;
s53, underground fresh water sea drainage flux:
the total make-up volume of high brine VHs during desalination of salt water can be expressed as:
in the formula, QHs0 is the initial reading of the high salt water flowmeter, and QHs1 is the reading of the high salt water flowmeter (QHs 1) after reaching the quasi-steady state. The total make-up fresh water volume VF may be expressed as:
in the formula, QF0 is the initial reading of the fresh water flow meter, and QF1 is the reading of the fresh water flow meter reaching a quasi-steady state; the volume of water displaced (Vk) by the second level overflow aperture (18) can be expressed as:
in the formula, QS0 is the initial reading of the saltwater flowmeter, and QS1 is the reading of the saltwater flowmeter reaching a quasi-steady state; the volume increment of the salt water in the salt water tank is Vs, and the following equation relation is established according to the water conservation of the system:
in the formula, V0 and V1 are respectively the initial water quantity and the final water quantity of the salt water tank; the Vk comprises three types of fresh water, salt water and hypersaline water which are respectively marked as (f 1, f2 and f 3); let it be assumed that f1, f2, f3 are proportional to the inflow changes of fresh water supply volume VF (t), net salt water inflow volume Vs (t), and hypersaline inflow volume VHs (t) during a single tidal event, i.e.:
further, the total fresh water volume Vkf in Vk can be calculated:
calculating the underground fresh water sea discharge flux Q by excluding Vk from the total fresh water make-up volume:
due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. the invention designs a simulation device with double seepage units in a sea-filling area for the first time, and an independent salt water boundary is arranged between the two seepage units, so that the limitation of a single seepage area in the existing coastal aquifer seawater intrusion simulation device is overcome, and the disturbance of the sea-filling process on the water-salt movement of the original seepage area is avoided.
2. The invention can respectively simulate the dynamic changes of the saline water wedge, the saline-fresh water interface and the underground water drainage in the original seepage area and the sea-filling area, and establishes the test and calculation methods of the saline water wedge rollback rate, the saline-fresh water interface shape and the underground water drainage flux under the sea-filling condition, thereby analyzing the underground water drainage path and the composition of different sources, and clarifying the action mechanism and the influence effect of the underground water dynamics change under the sea-filling condition.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a sectional structure of a sectional underground curtain;
wherein, the corresponding relation between the reference numbers and the components in fig. 1 is as follows:
1. a fresh water tank; 2. a silicone tube; 3. a fresh water flow meter; 4. a fresh water inlet hole; 5 a fresh water boundary; 6. a fresh water drain sleeve; 7. a rigid plastic plate 1 with holes; 8. 9, an original seepage area, 9, a salt water boundary 1;10. a rigid plastic plate 2 with holes; 11 waterproof hard plastic board 1;12. a fixed-height overflow hole 1, 13, a saline water inlet/outlet hole 1;14. sea reclamation areas; 15, hard plastic pipe; rigid plastic plate with holes 3;17 saline water boundary 2; 18, a fixed-height overflow hole 2;19. a saltwater flowmeter; 20. a silica gel hose 2;21. a high salt water flow meter; 22. a high salt water tank; 23, a high-degree overflow column; 24. a water outlet pipe of the salt water tank; 25. 26 peristaltic pumps; 27. a water inlet pipe of a salt water tank.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, is set forth below. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein and, therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The following describes the double-seepage unit simulation apparatus in the sea reclamation area and the test method thereof according to the embodiment of the invention with reference to fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a double seepage unit simulation device for a sea reclamation area, which comprises a double unit seepage groove, wherein the left side of the double unit seepage groove is provided with a fresh water distribution device, and the right side of the double unit seepage groove is provided with a tide generator and a salt water supplement device at the upper part;
the fresh water distribution device comprises a fresh water tank 1, the bottom of the fresh water tank 1 is connected with a first silicone tube 2, and a fresh water flowmeter 3 is arranged on the silicone tube 2;
the tide generator comprises a salt water tank 25, wherein the left side of the salt water tank is connected with a salt water tank outlet pipe 24 and a salt water tank inlet pipe 27, the salt water tank outlet pipe 24 is provided with a peristaltic pump 26, and the other ends of the salt water tank outlet pipe 24 and the salt water tank inlet pipe 27 are connected with a height-variable overflow column 23;
the interior of a central double-unit seepage groove is sequentially divided into a fresh water boundary 5, an original seepage area 8, a first salt water boundary 9, a sea filling area 14 and a second salt water boundary 17 from left to right, the bottom of the left side of the fresh water boundary 5 is provided with a fresh water inlet hole 4, a fresh water drainage sleeve 6 is arranged in the fresh water boundary 5, the height of the sleeve is adjustable, the right side of the sleeve is provided with a first perforated hard plastic plate 7, the fresh water inlet hole 4 is connected with a first silica gel tube 2 of a fresh water distribution device, and the original seepage area is filled with an artificial water-containing medium 8; a second perforated hard plastic plate 10 is arranged on the left side of the first salt water boundary 9, a waterproof hard plastic plate 11 is arranged on the right side of the first salt water boundary, a first overflow hole 12 with a certain height is formed in the upper portion of the waterproof hard plastic plate 11, and a first salt water inlet/outlet hole 13 is formed in the lower portion of the waterproof hard plastic plate; the sea reclamation area 14 is used for filling sea reclamation materials, and the bottom of the sea reclamation area 14 is provided with a hard plastic pipe 15 which is connected with a first salt water inlet/outlet hole 13 and a height-variable overflow column 23; a third perforated hard plastic plate 16 is arranged on the left side of the second salt water boundary 17, and a second overflow hole 18 with a fixed height is arranged on the upper part of the right side of the second salt water boundary and is externally connected with a salt water flowmeter 19;
the saline water supplementing device comprises a high-concentration saline water tank 22, the high-concentration saline water tank 22 is connected with a second silica gel hose 20, and a high-saline water flowmeter 21 is arranged on the second silica gel hose 20.
The fresh water boundary 5, the first salt water boundary 9 and the second salt water boundary 17 are set to be 10 cm wide.
The fresh water to be tested in the fresh water tank 1 is deionized water, the saline water tank 27 stores 50L of standard saline water, wherein the concentration of a NaCl analysis pure solution is 34.0 g/L, the concentration of carmine food dye is 1.0 g/L, and the density of the prepared standard saline water is 1.026 kg/L; the high-concentration saltwater tank 22 stores high-concentration saltwater having a total salinity of 70.0 g/L.
The artificial water-containing medium 8 filled in the original seepage zone is white quartz sand with uniform filling, the average diameter is about 1.0 mm, the original seepage zone is uniformly filled with standard quartz sand with the particle size of 1.0 mm according to equal volume weight and layering, 5 cm is filled every time, and the thickness of the initial water-containing layer is 90 cm respectively.
The sea-filling material filled in the sea-filling area 14 is white quartz sand with the thickness of 1.5 mm and 0.50 mm, the sea-filling area 14 and the like are uniformly filled with standard quartz sand with the volume weight and the layering size similar to the grain size of the sea-filling material, and the standard quartz sand is filled for 5 cm each time until the thickness of the sea-filling material reaches 90 cm.
A test method for a sea reclamation area double seepage unit simulation device specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a reagent:
taking fresh water to be stored in a fresh water tank 1 for later use, wherein the fresh water to be tested is deionized water; storing 50L of standard saline water in a saline water tank 27 for later use, wherein the concentration of a NaCl analytical pure solution is 34.0 g/L, the concentration of a carmine food dye is 1.0 g/L, and the density of the prepared standard saline water is 1.026 kg/L; preparing high-concentration salt water and storing the high-concentration salt water in a high-concentration salt water tank 22, wherein the total salinity of the high-concentration salt water is 70.0g/L, and the proportion of the high-concentration salt water is the same as that of standard salt water; uniformly filling white quartz sand with the average diameter of about 1.0 mm in the original seepage zone 8; in addition, white quartz sand with the grain size of 1.5 mm and 0.50 mm is prepared to be used as a sea filling material to simulate the dynamic change of underground water salt under different sea filling materials;
s2, a measuring method:
measuring the salinity of the salt water and the fresh water by using a conductivity meter; sticking a scale around the original seepage zone 8, and directly reading the underground water level, the interface position of the salt and fresh water, the positions of the upper salt water wedge and the lower salt water wedge, the height and the length; in addition, a high-speed camera is used for photographing the seawater invasion and retraction processes, and MATLAB software is used for obtaining the relationship between the light intensity parameter and the salinity, so that the dynamic changes of the width and the form of the salt-fresh water interface transition zone in the seepage tank at different moments are determined;
s3, seawater invasion of an original aquifer:
under the condition of fresh water saturation, standard quartz sand with the grain diameter of 1.0 mm is uniformly filled in an original seepage zone in a layering mode according to equal volume weight, the filling is carried out for 5 cm each time, and the thickness of an initial water-bearing layer is 90 cm respectively; fresh water is slowly introduced from the fresh water boundary 5, the water level of the fresh water boundary 5 is kept at 80 cm, the height of the fresh water drainage sleeve 6 is equal to 75 cm of the average sea water level, and a fresh water stable flow field is gradually formed in the original seepage zone 8; the peristaltic pump 26 of the tidal generator is opened, colored standard salt water is slowly introduced from the bottom of the first salt water boundary 9, and redundant fresh water overflows from the overflow hole 12 with the first certain height; stretching a second silica gel hose 20 above the first salt water boundary 9, and adjusting the salinity of the ocean boundary by using high-concentration salt water until a stable salt water wedge is formed in seepage; starting a tidal generator, constructing a single sine wave simulation tidal boundary on a first saline water boundary 9, measuring and shooting for 1 time every 5 min, and continuously measuring the groundwater level, the saline water wedge length, the saline-fresh water transition zone width and the drainage zone position in the original seepage zone;
s4, a manual sea filling process:
stopping the tidal generator; uniformly filling standard quartz sand with the particle size similar to that of the sea filling material in a sea filling area 14 and a first salt water boundary 9 according to equal volume weight and layering under a salt water saturation condition, wherein the filling is performed for 5 cm each time until the thickness of the sea filling material reaches 90 cm; pumping the hard plastic pipe 15 from the first salt water boundary 9 back to the second salt water boundary 17, pulling out the second perforated hard plastic plate 10 and the impermeable hard plastic plate 11, connecting the original seepage zone 8 with the sea-filling zone 14, re-opening the peristaltic pump 26 of the tidal generator, slowly introducing colored standard salt water from the bottom of the second salt water boundary 17, and overflowing redundant fresh water from the second fixed-height overflow hole 18; moving a second silica gel hose 20 above a second salt water boundary 17, and adjusting the salinity of the ocean boundary by using high-concentration salt water to keep the density of the salt water at 1.026 kg/L;
s5, evaluation indexes and methods:
s51, direct observation index:
attaching a scale around the seepage groove, measuring and shooting every 10 min for 1 time, and continuously observing groundwater level (H) t ) Length of salt water wedge (L) t ) Width of saline-fresh water transition zone (W) t ) Excretory tract (P) t ）；
S52, saltwater wedge withdrawal rate (SWL):
in the formula, SWL 0 And the SWL is the distance from the top of the salt water wedge to the ocean boundary after sea reclamation at the time 0 and the time tSeparating; SWL is positive, indicating residual saltwater wedge back (desalination); conversely, residual saltwater wedge extension is indicated; the range of the salt water wedges is determined by a 50% seawater salinity contour line, and SWL can depict the desalting effect and the desalting time of the high-salinity salt water;
s53, underground fresh water sea drainage flux:
total replenishment volume V of high-salt water in process of desalting salt water Hs Can be expressed as:
in the formula, Q Hs0 Is the initial reading of the high salt water flowmeter, Q Hs1 To achieve high salt water flowmeter reading (Q) after pseudo-steady state hs1 ). Total fresh water volume of supply V F Can be expressed as:
in the formula, Q F0 For initial readings of fresh water meters, Q F1 To achieve quasi-steady state fresh water flow meter readings; volume (V) of water discharged from the second level overflow hole (18) k ) Can be expressed as:
in the formula, Q S0 For initial readings of salt water flow meters, Q S1 To achieve a quasi-steady state salt water flow meter reading; the volume increment of the salt water in the salt water tank is V s According to the conservation of water quantity of the system, the following equation relation is established:
in the formula, V 0 、V 1 Respectively the initial water quantity and the final water quantity of the salt water tank; due to V k The medium contains three components of fresh water, salt water and high-salt water, which are respectively marked as (f) 1 ，f 2 ，f 3 ) (ii) a Suppose f 1 ，f 2 ，f 3 Fresh water supply volume V in single tide process F(t) Net inflow volume Vs of salt water (t) And high saltwater inflow volume V Hs(t) The inflow of (c) varies in direct proportion, i.e.:
further, V can be calculated k Volume of medium total fresh water V kf ：
By excluding V from the total make-up volume of fresh water k To calculate the underground fresh water sea discharge flux Q:
therefore, the dynamic change of seawater invasion before and after sea filling can be quantitatively analyzed through continuously observed underground water level, saline water wedge length and dispersion band width data; the dynamic process of the desalination of the salt water can be described according to the continuously observed underground water drainage path change. The method can clarify the change mechanism of underground water dynamics under the sea reclamation condition and evaluate the influence effect of different sea reclamation engineering structures and hydrodynamic conditions on the underground water environment.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "plurality" or "a plurality" refer to two or more, and unless otherwise specifically limited, the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "connected", "mounted", "fixed", and the like are to be construed broadly and may include, for example, fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the description herein, the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiments," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A double seepage unit simulation device in a sea-filling area comprises a double-unit seepage groove, and is characterized in that a fresh water distribution device is arranged on the left side of the double-unit seepage groove, and a tide generator and a salt water supplement device on the upper portion are arranged on the right side of the double-unit seepage groove;
the fresh water distribution device comprises a fresh water tank (1), the bottom of the fresh water tank (1) is connected with a first silicone tube (2), and a fresh water flowmeter (3) is arranged on the silicone tube (2);
the tide generator comprises a salt water tank (25), wherein the left side of the salt water tank is connected with a salt water tank outlet pipe (24) and a salt water tank inlet pipe (27), a peristaltic pump (26) is arranged on the salt water tank outlet pipe (24), and the other ends of the salt water tank outlet pipe (24) and the salt water tank inlet pipe (27) are connected with a height-variable overflow column (23);
the interior of the central double-unit seepage groove is sequentially divided into a fresh water boundary (5), an original seepage area (8), a first salt water boundary (9), a sea filling area (14) and a second salt water boundary (17) from left to right, the bottom of the left side of the fresh water boundary (5) is provided with a fresh water inlet hole (4), a fresh water drainage sleeve (6) with adjustable height is arranged in the fresh water boundary (5), the right side of the fresh water drainage sleeve is provided with a first perforated hard plastic plate (7), the fresh water inlet hole (4) is connected with a first silica gel tube (2) of a fresh water distribution device, and the original seepage area is filled with an artificial water-containing medium (8); a second hard plastic plate with holes (10) is arranged on the left side of the first salt water boundary (9), a waterproof hard plastic plate (11) is arranged on the right side of the first salt water boundary, a first overflow hole (12) with a certain height is arranged at the upper part of the waterproof hard plastic plate (11), and a first salt water inlet/outlet hole (13) is arranged below the waterproof hard plastic plate; the sea reclamation area (14) is used for filling sea reclamation materials, and the bottom of the sea reclamation area (14) is provided with a hard plastic pipe (15) which is connected with a first salt water inlet/outlet hole (13) and a height-variable overflow column (23); a third hard plastic plate (16) with holes is arranged on the left side of the second salt water boundary (17), and a second overflow hole (18) with a fixed height is arranged on the upper part of the right side of the second salt water boundary and is externally connected with a salt water flowmeter (19);
the salt water supplementing device comprises a high-concentration salt water tank (22), the high-concentration salt water tank (22) is connected with a second silica gel hose (20), and a high-salt water flowmeter (21) is arranged on the second silica gel hose (20).
2. The double infiltration unit simulation device of land reclamation according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the fresh water boundary (5), the first salt water boundary (9) and the second salt water boundary (17) is set to be 10 cm.
3. The simulation apparatus of the double seepage unit in the reclamation area as recited in claim 1, wherein the fresh water to be tested in the fresh water tank (1) is deionized water, the salt water tank (27) stores 50L of standard salt water, wherein the concentration of NaCl (analytically pure) solution is 34.0 g/L, the concentration of carmine food dye is 1.0 g/L, and the density of the prepared standard salt water is 1.026 kg/L; the high-concentration salt water tank (22) stores high-concentration salt water with the total salinity of 70.0 g/L.
4. The simulation device of the double seepage units in the sea reclamation area as recited in claim 1, wherein the artificial aqueous medium (8) filled in the original seepage area is uniformly filled white quartz sand with an average diameter of about 1.0 mm, the original seepage area is uniformly filled with standard quartz sand with a particle size of 1.0 mm in layers according to equal volume weight, each time the sand is filled for 5 cm, and the thickness of the initial aqueous layer is 90 cm respectively.
5. The sea reclamation area double seepage flow unit simulation device as recited in claim 1, wherein the sea reclamation area (14) is filled with 1.5 mm and 0.50 mm of white quartz sand, and the sea reclamation area (14) is filled with standard quartz sand with the same volume weight and the same particle size as the sea reclamation material uniformly in layers, wherein the standard quartz sand is filled for 5 cm each time until the thickness of the sea reclamation material reaches 90 cm.
6. The test method for the sea-reclamation area double seepage unit simulation device as recited in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a reagent:
taking fresh water to be stored in a fresh water tank (1) for standby, wherein the fresh water to be tested is deionized water; storing 50L of standard saline water in a saline water tank (27) for later use, wherein the concentration of NaCl (analytically pure) solution is 34.0 g/L, the concentration of carmine food dye is 1.0 g/L, and the density of the prepared standard saline water is 1.026 kg/L; preparing high-concentration salt water and storing the high-concentration salt water in a high-concentration salt water tank (22), wherein the total salinity of the high-concentration salt water is 70.0g/L, and the proportion of the high-concentration salt water is the same as that of standard salt water; uniformly filling white quartz sand with the average diameter of about 1.0 mm in the original seepage zone (8); in addition, white quartz sand with the grain size of 1.5 mm and 0.50 mm is prepared to be used as a sea filling material to simulate the dynamic change of underground water salt under different sea filling materials;
s2, a measuring method:
measuring the salinity of the salt water and the fresh water by using a conductivity meter; attaching scales on the periphery of the original seepage zone (8), photographing the seawater invasion and retraction process by using a high-speed camera, and obtaining the relationship between a light intensity parameter and salinity by using MATLAB software so as to determine the dynamic changes of the width and the shape of a salt-fresh water interface (transition zone) in the seepage tank at different moments;
s3, seawater invasion of an original aquifer:
under the condition of fresh water saturation, uniformly filling standard quartz sand with the particle size of 1.0 mm in an original seepage zone according to equal volume weight and layering, wherein the filling is 5 cm each time, and the thickness of an initial aquifer is 90 cm respectively; fresh water is slowly introduced from the fresh water boundary (5), the water level of the fresh water boundary (5) is kept to be 80 cm, the height of the fresh water drainage sleeve (6) is equal to 75 cm of the average seawater level, and a fresh water stable flow field is gradually formed in the original seepage zone (8); opening a peristaltic pump (26) of the tidal generator, slowly introducing colored standard salt water from the bottom of the first salt water boundary (9), and overflowing redundant fresh water from an overflow hole (12) with a first certain height; stretching a second silica gel hose (20) above the first salt water boundary (9), and adjusting the salinity of the ocean boundary with high-concentration salt water until a stable salt water wedge is formed in the seepage; starting a tidal generator, constructing a single sine wave simulation tidal boundary on a first saline water boundary (9), measuring and shooting for 1 time every 5 min, and continuously measuring the groundwater level, the saline water wedge length, the saline water transition zone width and the drainage zone position in the original seepage zone;
s4, a manual sea filling process:
stopping the tidal generator; uniformly filling standard quartz sand with the particle size similar to that of the sea filling material in a sea filling area (14) and a first salt water boundary (9) according to equal volume weight and layering under the salt water saturation condition, wherein the filling is performed for 5 cm each time until the thickness of the sea filling material reaches 90 cm; drawing back the hard plastic pipe (15) from the first salt water boundary (9) to the second salt water boundary (17), pulling out the second perforated hard plastic plate (10) and the impermeable hard plastic plate (11), connecting the original seepage area (8) with the sea-filling area (14), turning on the peristaltic pump (26) of the tidal generator again, slowly introducing colored standard salt water from the bottom of the second salt water boundary (17), and overflowing redundant fresh water from the second fixed-height overflow hole (18); moving a second silica gel hose (20) above a second salt water boundary (17), and adjusting the salinity of the ocean boundary by using high-concentration salt water to keep the density of the salt water at 1.026 kg/L;
s5, evaluation indexes and methods:
s51, direct observation indexes:
attaching a scale around the seepage groove, measuring and shooting every 10 min for 1 time, and continuously observing groundwater level (H) t ) Length of salt water wedge (L) t ) Width of saline-fresh water transition zone (W) t ) A drainage area path (P) t ）；
S52, saltwater wedge withdrawal rate (SWL):
in the formula, SWL 0 The SWL is the distance from the top end of the salt water wedge to the ocean boundary after sea filling at the time 0 and t; SWL is positive, indicating residual saltwater wedge back (desalination); conversely, residual saltwater wedge extension is indicated; the range of the salt water wedges is determined by a 50% seawater salinity contour line, and SWL can depict the desalting effect and the desalting time of the high-salinity salt water;
s53, underground fresh water sea drainage flux:
total replenishment volume V of high-salt water in process of desalting salt water Hs Can be expressed as:
in the formula, Q Hs0 Is the initial reading of the high salt water flowmeter, Q Hs1 To achieve high salt water flowmeter reading (Q) after pseudo-steady state hs1 ）；
Volume of total make-up fresh water V F Can be expressed as:
in the formula, Q F0 For initial reading of fresh water flow meter, Q F1 To achieve quasi-steady state fresh water flow meter readings; the volume (V) of water discharged from the second constant-height overflow hole (18) k ) Can be expressed as:
in the formula, Q S0 For the initial reading of the saltwater flowmeter, Q S1 To achieve a quasi-steady state salt water flow meter reading; the volume increment of the salt water in the salt water tank is set as V s According to the conservation of water quantity of the system, the following equation relationship is established:
(5)
in the formula, V 0 、V 1 Respectively the initial water quantity and the final water quantity of the salt water tank; due to V k The medium contains three components of fresh water, salt water and high-salt water, which are respectively marked as (f) 1 ，f 2 ，f 3 ) (ii) a Suppose f 1 ，f 2 ，f 3 Fresh water supply volume V in single tide process F(t) Net inflow volume of salt water Vs (t) And a high saltwater inflow volume V Hs(t) The inflow of (c) varies in direct proportion, i.e.:
further, V can be calculated k Volume of medium total fresh water V kf ：
By excluding V from the total make-up volume of fresh water k Calculating the sea discharge flux Q of the underground fresh water:
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