CN108812077A

CN108812077A - A kind of edible mushroom substituting stuff cultivation atmospheric steam sterilizing methods of suitable high altitude localities

Info

Publication number: CN108812077A
Application number: CN201810407217.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘勇; 李文辉
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-05-02
Filing date: 2018-05-02
Publication date: 2018-11-16

Abstract

It being capable of the atmospheric steam sterilizing methods used in the edible mushroom substituting stuff cultivation of high altitude localities the invention discloses one kind, sterilizing auxiliary agent is added in edible mushroom substituting stuff cultivation spice for this method, after only bacterium bag material temperature need to being heated to 85 DEG C or more with steam when sterilizing, it is kept for 8 hours, then stop working, stewing stove terminates to sterilize when bacterium bag Temperature fall is to 50 DEG C or less.This method can save the investment of high altitude localities edible fungus production equipment, reduce production cost, and sterilizing efficiency is high, culturing edible fungus yield is high.

Description

A kind of edible mushroom substituting stuff cultivation atmospheric steam sterilizing methods of suitable high altitude localities

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of edible fungi cultivation, and in particular to one kind can be in the edible mushroom generation that high altitude localities uses Material cultivation atmospheric steam sterilizing methods.

Background technique

Edible mushroom is China's traditional agriculture industry, and the sixth-largest agricultural products after grain, cotton, oil, fruit, dish, it It is both nutraceutical, while is also health food.Currently, planting edible mushroom has become China's agricultural specialty industry, plantation rule Mould is continuously increased.Substituting stuff cultivation is because using agriculture and forestry organic waste material as primary raw material, cultivation period is short, high conversion rate and proper scale metaplasia The features such as production, developed recently was very fast.Substituting stuff cultivation generally uses clinker to cultivate, i.e., culture material is by the bacterium bag after formula spice pack Cultivating bacterial spawn need to be then inoculated with by sterilizing.High pressure sterilization or normal-pressure sterilization can be used in bacterium bag sterilizing.Large-scale production high pressure is gone out When every pot of 3000 bags of sterilizing bacterium bag of bacterium or more, need 121 DEG C or more keep 1~2 hour, normal-pressure sterilization need 100 DEG C with The microorganisms such as 16~18 hours bacterium, fungi, spore, the gemma that could thoroughly kill in culture material of upper holding.High pressure sterilization is set It is standby expensive, therefore general edible mushroom large-scale production is all made of normal-pressure sterilization.In high altitude localities, since atmospheric pressure is lower, water Boiling point be lower than 100 DEG C, therefore when being sterilized using atmospheric steam, culture material temperature is unable to reach 100 DEG C in steam and bacterium bag, Atmospheric steam sterilization can not use in the edible mushroom substituting stuff cultivation of high altitude localities.

Summary of the invention

To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of bag material of edible fungus cultivating bacteria bag normal pressure that high altitude localities uses steaming Vapour sterilizing methods.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose：

A kind of bag material of edible fungus cultivating bacteria bag atmospheric steam sterilizing methods that high altitude localities uses, which is characterized in that comprising such as Lower step：

（1）Sterilizing auxiliary agent is added when spice：Sterilizing auxiliary agent 300g is added by every 1000kg culture material dry weight in spice, it is described to go out Bacterium auxiliary agent presses 15 by sodium dichloro cyanurate, calcium oxide, zeolite powder：45：40 mass parts ratio mixes, and the dichloro is different NaDCC, calcium oxide and zeolite powder are 80 ~ 120 mesh powder.

（2）Sterilizing：It is sterilized after pack using conventional atmospheric steam sterilization, when temperature lowest part bacterium bag in sterilizing kitchen It after material temperature reaches 85 DEG C or more, is kept for 8 hours, is then stopped working, closed stove door and inlet and outlet hole boil in a covered pot over a slow fire stove heat preservation, make bacterium bag in stove Material temperature is kept for 6 hours at 50 DEG C or more again, then opens stove, terminates sterilizing.

It is an advantage of the invention that atmospheric steam sterilization is 1. applied to high altitude localities, high altitude localities edible mushroom is reduced Production cost；2. sterilize the low toxicity of drug used in auxiliary formula, noresidue, to operator and product safety；3. sterilizing auxiliary agent is matched Side's edible fungus variety mycelia production sensitive to chemicals to agaric etc. and fruit-body formation have no adverse effects, and are suitable for a variety of foods It is used with bacteria cultivation；4. sterilising temp is low, the time is short, compost nutritional ingredient decomposes denaturation less, and strain material feeding is fast after inoculation, bacterium Silk growth is fast, and yield is high.

Specific embodiment

Application method and effect of the present invention are further illustrated with embodiment below.Embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 are being located at the Qinling Mountains The Liuba County in mountain area is tested, experimental field height above sea level 1800m, and the boiling point of water is about 94 DEG C.

Embodiment 1

Plant formulation：Weed tree sawdust 2340kg, wheat bran 600 kg, gypsum 60kg.

Spice pack：First 900g sterilizing auxiliary agent and wheat bran, gypsum are mixed, it is uniform then to add weed tree sawdust dry mixing, most Afterwards plus water turns repeatedly, and culture material water content is made to reach 60%, artificial to pack.

Sterilizing：It is sterilized using box atmospheric steam sterilizing, when culture material temperature in sterilizing kettle temperature lowest part bacterium bag After reaching 85 DEG C, firepower is kept, so that Bag Material temperature is maintained at 85 DEG C or more and continues 8 hours, then stop working stewing stove, on autoclave top Portion and surrounding covering cotton-wadded quilt heat preservation, after 6 hours, material temperature is down to 52 DEG C, throw off heat-preservation cotton quilt, to bacterium bag naturally cool to 40 DEG C with Stove is opened after lower to take the dish out of the pot.

Contrast on effect：

1. sterilization effect comparative test：With identical plant formulation, sterilizing auxiliary agent is not added, with pot with position sterilizing bacterium bag be pair According to observation comparison sterilization effect after placing 15 days indoors.As a result plus sterilizing auxiliary agent bacterium bag bacterial contamination rate 0.25%, not plus The bacterium bag bacterial contamination rate 100% of sterilizing auxiliary agent.

2. cultivation effect is tested：With same recipe culture material, sterilizing auxiliary agent high pressure sterilization bacterium bag is not added as control, is inoculated with black Edible fungus.As a result the bacterium bag strain material feeding time 1.5 days more early than autoclaved bacterium bag handled by 1 method of embodiment, mycelia Cover with the bacterium bag time 7 days more early than high pressure sterilization bacterium bag；Yield is than high pressure sterilization bacterium bag volume increase 6.9%.

Embodiment 2

Plant formulation：Sawdust 79%, wheat bran 15.56%, corn flour 1%, rice spermoderm 2%, sucrose 0.8%, land plaster 1.6%, phosphoric acid Potassium dihydrogen 0.02%, magnesium sulfate 0.02%.

Spice pack：By 5000 kg of culture material total weight, according to the above-mentioned various raw materials of formula rate accurate weighing.First claim 1.5 kg prepared sterilizing auxiliary agent in advance is taken, with wheat bran, corn flour, rice spermoderm, sucrose, land plaster, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sulfuric acid The raw materials such as magnesium are mixed evenly, then are added into sawdust and turn uniformly, and then plus water turns, and reaches culture material water content 55% ~ 60%, it is packed with sack filling machine.

Sterilizing：

Using mongolia yurt type normal-pressure sterilization method：(1) forage is spread on ground, rope is intersected in length and breadth and is put well, centre is then spread The double-layer plastic film for accompanying heat-preservation cotton makees base fabric.(2) it is put at a certain distance on double-layer plastic film after sleeper again on sleeper Spread backing plate.(3) bacterium bag 3000 ~ 4000 installed are deposited on backing plate, stayed among bacterium bag heap 1, quadrangle stay 4 upper gas Hole.(4) after bacterium cylinder heap is good, the steam pipe outlet insertion backing plate following middle position attracted from steam boiler.(5) with intermediate folder There is the bilayer film of heat-preservation cotton to make drop cloth, bacterium bag heap covered tightly, drop cloth is rolled with base fabric and is pressed, four sides sealing, bottom most Lower stays a small de-air hole exhausting cold air；Cover tightly closed bacterium bag heap likeness in form " yurt ".(6) the steaming generated with atmospheric steam boiler Vapour heating " yurt " interior bacterium bag closes gas vent when temperature rises to 80 DEG C；When bacterium bag heap edge lower part bacterium bag material temperature After reaching 85 DEG C or more, stablize boiler firepower, so that " yurt " interior bacterium bag material temperature is maintained at 85 DEG C or more and continue sterilizing 8 hours, Then cease fire, continue to cover bored 6 hours, go out stove after bacterium bag Temperature fall is cooling.

Contrast on effect：

Compareing bacterium bag is that sterilizing auxiliary agent is not added, is carried out using identical yurt to identical quantity bacterium bag with same recipe culture material Sterilizing stablizes boiler firepower, so that " yurt " interior bacterium bag material temperature is maintained at 94 DEG C and continue to sterilize after bacterium bag material temperature reaches 94 DEG C 20 hours, then cease fire, continue to cover bored 6 hours or more, goes out stove after bacterium bag Temperature fall is cooling.

Comparing result：

Embodiment 2 handles bacterium bag and accesses same kind mushroom strain simultaneously with bacterium bag is compareed, and acetonideexample 2 handles the sense of bacterium bag miscellaneous bacteria Dye rate 1.3% compares bacterium bag miscellaneous bacteria infection rate 6.5%；It applies the processing bacterium bag mycelia of example 2 and grows, the speed of growth sturdy compared with control bacterium bag Fastly, mycelia cover with the bacterium bag time than control bacterium bag it is 15 days early, applied in fruiting experiment example 2 handle bacterium bag yield relatively control bacterium bag increase production 12.1%。

Claims

1. a kind of bag material of edible fungus cultivating bacteria bag atmospheric steam sterilizing methods that suitable high altitude localities uses, which is characterized in that It comprises the following steps：

(1) sterilizing auxiliary agent is added when spice：Sterilizing auxiliary agent 300g is added by every 1000kg culture material dry weight in spice, it is described to go out Bacterium auxiliary agent presses 15 by sodium dichloro cyanurate, calcium oxide, zeolite powder：45：40 mass parts ratio mixes, and the dichloro is different NaDCC, calcium oxide and zeolite powder are 80 ~ 120 mesh powder；

（2）Low-temperature short-time sterilizing：It is sterilized after pack using conventional atmospheric steam sterilization, when temperature lowest part in sterilizing kitchen It after bacterium bag material temperature reaches 85 DEG C or more, is kept for 8 hours, is then stopped working, closed stove door and inlet and outlet hole are boiled in a covered pot over a slow fire stove heat preservation, made in stove Bacterium bag material temperature is kept for 6 hours at 50 DEG C or more again, then opens stove, terminates sterilizing.

2. the bag material of edible fungus cultivating bacteria bag atmospheric steam sterilizing side that a kind of suitable high altitude localities described in claim 1 uses Method, which is characterized in that will first sterilize the auxiliary materials and mixings such as auxiliary agent and wheat bran, gypsum when spice, then mix again with major ingredients such as sawdusts, Finally plus water is mixed thoroughly, is adjusted to appropriate aqueous amount；It is packed manually or using sack filling machine.