CN101411286A - Method for sterilizing edible fungus at normal atmosphere - Google Patents
Method for sterilizing edible fungus at normal atmosphere Download PDFInfo
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- CN101411286A CN101411286A CNA2008100515055A CN200810051505A CN101411286A CN 101411286 A CN101411286 A CN 101411286A CN A2008100515055 A CNA2008100515055 A CN A2008100515055A CN 200810051505 A CN200810051505 A CN 200810051505A CN 101411286 A CN101411286 A CN 101411286A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for sterilizing edible fungi under normal pressure, which belongs to an edible fungi producing method. The method comprises the following steps: cultivation material is packaged, and each package is filled with cultivation material which is equal to 500 to 550 grams of dry material; the filled cultivation material package is put into an Arnold sterilizer, and a temperature sensor is placed on a central position between a third layer and a fourth layer counted from the bottom layer; the Arnold sterilizer is made to improve temperature, and when the temperature sensor reaches 100 DEG C, the temperature is kept and sterilization is performed continuously for 9 to 11 hours; and after heating is stopped, the material is discharged after the temperature of the material falls to between 40 and 50 DEG C. The method has the advantages that the inoculated fungi is quick to sprout; hypha is quick to absorb the material; and the cultivation material package sterilized by the method is clean; when the hypha develops, the fungi is not burned and the material is not damaged; the mushrooms has high yield; and the biological conversion rate is high. The method solves the realistic problems in edible fungi industrialized production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of Edible Fungi method.
Background technology
The production practices of mushroom industry production in various places have obtained very big development, composts or fertilisers of cultivating occurs in cultivation and production after the normal pressure sterilization, still have microbial contamination, even the ginseng that has is mixed carbendazim and Methylpartricin Sodium Laurylsulfate, and connect bacterium and sprout slowly, the mycelia material feeding is slow, cultivates pocket and pollutes; Mycelia sends out bacterium and burns the bacterium stock often, causes fruiting to yield poorly, some difficult problems that the biology conversion ratio is low.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method for sterilizing edible fungus at normal atmosphere, to solve microbial contamination is arranged at present, and connect the bacterium sprouting slowly, the mycelia material feeding is slow, cultivates pocket and pollutes; Mycelia sends out bacterium and burns the bacterium stock often, causes fruiting to yield poorly, the problem that the biology conversion ratio is low.The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
One, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is packed: cultivate the plastic sack that pocket adopts diameter 17cm * length 35cm, plastic sack thickness is 0.004cm, every packed composts or fertilisers of cultivating of going into to amount to siccative 500～550 grams;
The cultivation pocket that two, will install is put into the normal-pressure sterilization device: cultivate pocket with 6 earlier and vertically closely put into casher box, in this normal-pressure sterilization device, put 10～100 baskets for every layer, pile up 8～10 layers altogether, temperature sensor is positioned over centre between from bottom number the 3rd layer and the 4th layer;
Three, the sterilization of heating: heat for this normal-pressure sterilization device, when temperature sensor reaches 100 ℃, kept this temperature, continuous sterilization 9～11 hours;
Four, cooling discharging: after stopping heating, discharging when temperature to be expected falls back to 40 ℃～50 ℃.
The invention has the advantages that: through overtesting, adopting sterilizing methods of the present invention to reach 100 ℃ with bottom three, four layered material bag basket bosom temperature is that the sterilometer evaluation time is when sterilizing to composts or fertilisers of cultivating, it is thorough that assorted bacterium in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating is gone out, sterilization back composts or fertilisers of cultivating color and luster just, mycelium germination is fast, cover with a bag time weak point, pollution rate is extremely low, bag single rate and biology conversion ratio height.Pocket after the inventive method sterilization connects bacterium and sprouts soon, and the mycelia material feeding is fast, and it is clean to cultivate pocket; When sending out bacterium, mycelia do not burn the bacterium stock, fruiting output height, biology conversion ratio height.Solved the realistic problem in the mushroom industry production.
Embodiment
The test example: normal-pressure sterilization mode difference is to the influence test of composts or fertilisers of cultivating
1 materials and methods
1.1 material
1.1.1 for examination bacterial classification wood destroying fungi Xingbao mushroom, pholiota nameko, the yellow mushroom of elm; Grass (soil) rotten mushroom Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel, coprinus comatus, avenge mushroom in vain, above bacterial classification is provided by Jilin Province edible mushroom industry high and new tech park.
1.1.2 the composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription below is a ratio of weight and number,
Pleurotus eryngii cultivating material one: 40 parts of wood chips, 40 parts of corncobs, 10 parts in wheat bran, corn flour part 6,3 parts in lime, 1 part in gypsum;
Pleurotus eryngii cultivating material two: 40 parts of wood chips, 40 parts of corncobs, 10 parts in wheat bran, corn flour part 6,3 parts in lime, 1 part in gypsum, 0.1 part of carbendazim;
Pholiota nameko composts or fertilisers of cultivating one: 84 parts of wood chips, 13 parts in wheat bran, 2 parts of corn flour, 1 part in gypsum;
Pholiota nameko composts or fertilisers of cultivating two: 84 parts of wood chips, 13 parts in wheat bran, 2 parts of corn flour, 1 part in gypsum, 0.1 part of carbendazim;
The yellow mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating one of elm: 20 parts of wood chips, 46 parts of corncobs, 14 parts of beanstalks, 10 parts in wheat bran, 6 parts of corn flours, 3 parts in lime, 1 part in gypsum;
The yellow mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating two of elm: 20 parts of wood chips, 46 parts of corncobs, 14 parts of beanstalks, 10 parts in wheat bran, 6 parts of corn flours, 3 parts in lime, 1 part in gypsum, 0.1 part of carbendazim;
Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel composts or fertilisers of cultivating one: 20 parts of corncobs, 68 parts of wood chips, 10 parts in wheat bran, 1 part in lime, 1 part in gypsum, 0.3 part of leavening;
Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel composts or fertilisers of cultivating two: 20 parts of corncobs, 68 parts of wood chips, 10 parts in wheat bran, 1 part in lime, 1 part in gypsum, 0.3 part of leavening, 0.1 part of carbendazim;
Coprinus comatus composts or fertilisers of cultivating one: 30 parts of straw, 30 parts of corncobs, 20 parts of waste material of edible mushroom, 13 parts in wheat bran, 4 parts in lime, 1.5 parts in gypsum, 0.75 part in phosphate fertilizer, 0.75 part in urea;
Coprinus comatus composts or fertilisers of cultivating two: 30 parts of straw, 30 parts of corncobs, 20 parts of waste material of edible mushroom, 13 parts in wheat bran, 4 parts in lime, 1.5 parts in gypsum, 0.75 part in phosphate fertilizer, 0.75 part in urea, 0.1 part of carbendazim;
White snow mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating one: 52 parts of corncobs, 26 parts of wood chips, 8 parts in wheat bran, 10 parts of corn flour, 3 parts in lime, 1 part in gypsum;
White snow mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating two: 52 parts of corncobs, 26 parts of wood chips, 8 parts in wheat bran, 10 parts of corn flour, 3 parts in lime, 1 part in gypsum, 0.1 part of carbendazim.
1.2 method
Each determines that 200 are cultivated pockets to each kind of test, composts or fertilisers of cultivating one, composts or fertilisers of cultivating two each 100 bags; Cultivate the rare plastic sack of second that pocket adopts diameter 17cm * length 35cm, plastic sack thickness is 0.004cm, every packed composts or fertilisers of cultivating of going into to amount to siccative 500 grams;
The cultivation pocket that installs is put into the normal-pressure sterilization device: cultivate pocket with 6 earlier and vertically closely put into casher box, in this normal-pressure sterilization device, put 10 baskets for every layer, pile up 8 layers altogether,
By following two kinds of sterilization methods to above-mentioned six kind composts or fertilisers of cultivating one, two carry out normal-pressure sterilization, a kind of normal-pressure sterilization mode is for being positioned over temperature sensor in the centre between the 3rd layer and the 4th layer from bottom number, heat for this normal-pressure sterilization device, when this temperature sensor reaches 100 ℃, keep this temperature, continuous sterilization stopped working in 10 hours, discharging when temperature to be expected falls back to 50 ℃, the inoculation of cooling back, be called for short sterilization method 1, another kind of mode serves as to have sterilized computing time for reaching 100 ℃ with this normal-pressure sterilization device volume space temperature, and continuous sterilization stopped working discharging when temperature to be expected falls back to 50 ℃ in 10 hours, the inoculation of cooling back is called for short sterilization method 2.
Observe the normal-pressure sterilization different modes pollutes journey examination and biology conversion ratio to composts or fertilisers of cultivating color and luster, mycelium germination time, purseful time and composts or fertilisers of cultivating influence.
2. interpretation of result
Through overtesting, normal-pressure sterilization mode difference sees Table 1 to the influence of bacterium single rate of composts or fertilisers of cultivating and biology conversion ratio.
Table 1 normal-pressure sterilization mode difference is to the influence of a bacterium of composts or fertilisers of cultivating
Annotate: average bag single rate refers to the ratio of gross yield and sterilizing bag (containing contaminant capacity); The biology conversion ratio refers to the ratio of gross yield and total siccative amount.
As can be seen from Table 1, the dual mode of normal-pressure sterilization is under the situation that sterilization time equates, different sterilization methods has notable difference to composts or fertilisers of cultivating one sterilization back composts or fertilisers of cultivating color and luster, mycelium germination time, purseful time, composts or fertilisers of cultivating pollution rate, output and biology conversion ratio.Illustrate that adopting sterilization method 1, promptly reaching 100 ℃ with three, four layers of medium temperature of Bag Material in installing is that the sterilometer evaluation time is sterilized to composts or fertilisers of cultivating 1, it is thorough that assorted bacterium in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating 1 is gone out, sterilization back composts or fertilisers of cultivating 1 color and luster just, mycelium germination is fast, cover with a bag time weak point, pollution rate is extremely low, bag single rate and biology conversion ratio height.And adopt 2 pairs of composts or fertilisers of cultivating sterilizations of sterilization method, and although the volume space temperature reaches 100 ℃, and three, four layers of medium temperature of the Bag Material of putting do not reach 100 ℃, the sterilization of the part composts or fertilisers of cultivating around this does not just reach temperature yet.Sterilization back material color and luster is light, is mixed with not thorough that bacterium goes out in the material, and mycelium germination is just slow, the purseful time is also long, a suitable material mycelia does not sprout or mycelia has just sprouted and is mixed with bacterium in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating and grows, and begins pocket to occur cultivating and pollutes, and the kind bag pollution rate that has is nearly to 33.3%.Bag single rate and biology conversion ratio are lower.
Through test, normal-pressure sterilization mode difference is to composts or fertilisers of cultivating two mycelium germinations and fruiting output, and the influence of biology conversion ratio etc. sees Table 2.
Table 2 normal-pressure sterilization mode difference is to the influence of two bacterium of composts or fertilisers of cultivating
Annotate: average bag single rate refers to the ratio of gross yield and sterilizing bag (containing contaminant capacity); The biology conversion ratio refers to the ratio of gross yield and total siccative amount.
As can be seen from Table 2, the dual mode of normal-pressure sterilization is under the situation that sterilization time equates, after the sterilization different modes was sterilized to composts or fertilisers of cultivating two, composts or fertilisers of cultivating color and luster, mycelium germination time, purseful time, composts or fertilisers of cultivating pollution rate, output and biology conversion ratio had notable difference.Illustrate that adopting sterilization method 1, promptly reaching 100 ℃ with three, four layers of medium temperature of Bag Material in installing is that the sterilometer evaluation time is sterilized to composts or fertilisers of cultivating 2, it is thorough that assorted bacterium in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating 2 is gone out, sterilization back composts or fertilisers of cultivating 2 color and lusters just, but at mycelium germination, cover with on a bag time, bag single rate and the biology conversion ratio index and compare all lower slightly with sterilization composts or fertilisers of cultivating one, its reason is to add carbendazim to mycelium germination in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating two, and indexs such as growth rate all have inhibitory action.And adopt 2 pairs of composts or fertilisers of cultivating two of sterilization method to sterilize, although added carbendazim medicament in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating, the assorted bacterium that can restrict in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating two is played a role, but because volume internal layer composts or fertilisers of cultivating temperature fails to reach 100 ℃, the assorted bacterium of part that can not restrict carbendazim is still growing, can cause the composts or fertilisers of cultivating pollution problem equally, carbendazim in material influence in addition, adopt 2 pairs of composts or fertilisers of cultivating two of sterilization method to sterilize, the inoculation back is at mycelium germination, purseful is subjected to certain influence again on the time, so the pollution rate of composts or fertilisers of cultivating two is higher, average bag single rate and biology conversion ratio are effective not as good as composts or fertilisers of cultivating one.
3 brief summaries
By of the test of normal-pressure sterilization mode difference, show that the sterilization link is key technology in the mushroom industryization to composts or fertilisers of cultivating.By taking bacterium mode 1 promptly to reach 100 ℃ with three, four layers of medium temperature of Bag Material in installing is that the sterilometer evaluation time is sterilized to composts or fertilisers of cultivating 1, can realize that sterilization is comparatively thorough in the cultivation pocket, do not join and mix medicament, guaranteed the production of green product, cost is low, fruiting per unit area yield height, biology conversion ratio height, thus changed traditional sterilometer temperature mode.
Embodiment 1
Below among each embodiment, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is by the prescription of composts or fertilisers of cultivating one in the above-mentioned test example and prepares.
One, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is packed: cultivate the plastic sack that pocket adopts diameter 17cm * length 35cm, plastic sack thickness is 0.004cm, every packed composts or fertilisers of cultivating of going into to amount to siccative 500 grams;
The cultivation pocket that two, will install is put into the normal-pressure sterilization device: cultivate pocket with 6 earlier and vertically closely put into casher box, in this normal-pressure sterilization device, put 10 baskets for every layer, pile up 8 layers altogether, temperature sensor is positioned over centre between from bottom number the 3rd layer and the 4th layer;
Three, the sterilization of heating: heat for this normal-pressure sterilization device, when temperature sensor reaches 100 ℃, kept this temperature, continuous sterilization 9 hours;
Four, cooling discharging: after stopping heating, discharging when temperature to be expected falls back to 40 ℃.
Embodiment 2
One, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is packed: cultivate the plastic sack that pocket adopts diameter 17cm * length 35cm, plastic sack thickness is 0.004cm, every packed composts or fertilisers of cultivating of going into to amount to siccative 525 grams;
The cultivation pocket that two, will install is put into the normal-pressure sterilization device: cultivate pocket with 6 earlier and vertically closely put into casher box, in this normal-pressure sterilization device, put 50 baskets for every layer, pile up 9 layers altogether, temperature sensor is positioned over centre between from bottom number the 3rd layer and the 4th layer;
Three, the sterilization of heating: heat for this normal-pressure sterilization device, when temperature sensor reaches 100 ℃, kept this temperature, continuous sterilization 10 hours;
Four, cooling discharging: after stopping heating, discharging when temperature to be expected falls back to 45 ℃.
Embodiment 3
One, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is packed: cultivate the plastic sack that pocket adopts diameter 17cm * length 35cm, plastic sack thickness is 0.004cm, every packed composts or fertilisers of cultivating of going into to amount to siccative 550 grams;
The cultivation pocket that two, will install is put into the normal-pressure sterilization device: cultivate pocket with 6 earlier and vertically closely put into casher box, in this normal-pressure sterilization device, put 100 baskets for every layer, pile up 10 layers altogether, temperature sensor is positioned over centre between from bottom number the 3rd layer and the 4th layer;
Three, the sterilization of heating: heat for this normal-pressure sterilization device, when temperature sensor reaches 100 ℃, kept this temperature, continuous sterilization 11 hours;
Four, cooling discharging: after stopping heating, discharging when temperature to be expected falls back to 50 ℃.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of method for sterilizing edible fungus at normal atmosphere is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
One, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is packed: cultivate the plastic sack that pocket adopts diameter 17cm * length 35cm, plastic sack thickness is 0.004cm, every packed composts or fertilisers of cultivating of going into to amount to siccative 500～550 grams;
The cultivation pocket that two, will install is put into the normal-pressure sterilization device: cultivate pocket with 6 earlier and vertically closely put into casher box, in this normal-pressure sterilization device, put 10～100 baskets for every layer, pile up 8～10 layers altogether, temperature sensor is positioned over centre between from bottom number the 3rd layer and the 4th layer;
Three, the sterilization of heating: heat for this normal-pressure sterilization device, when temperature sensor reaches 100 ℃, kept this temperature, continuous sterilization 9～11 hours;
Four, cooling discharging: after stopping heating, discharging when temperature to be expected falls back to 40 ℃～50 ℃.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104472227A (en) * | 2015-01-18 | 2015-04-01 | 邬金飞 | Cultivation method for pleurotus citrinipileatus sing |
| CN104488562A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-04-08 | 邬金飞 | Culture method for pleurotus eryngii |
| CN104488563A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-04-08 | 邬金飞 | Culture method of pleurotus geesteranus |
| CN104541992A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-04-29 | 邬方成 | Abalone mushroom culture method |
| CN104541936A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2015-04-29 | 郭尚 | Optimum cultivation method of oyster mushroom with new function |
| CN104584873A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus eryngii cultivating method |
| CN104770202A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-07-15 | 邬方成 | Cultivation method of pleurotus cornucopiae |
-
2008
- 2008-11-26 CN CNA2008100515055A patent/CN101411286A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104541936A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2015-04-29 | 郭尚 | Optimum cultivation method of oyster mushroom with new function |
| CN104488562A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-04-08 | 邬金飞 | Culture method for pleurotus eryngii |
| CN104488563A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-04-08 | 邬金飞 | Culture method of pleurotus geesteranus |
| CN104472227A (en) * | 2015-01-18 | 2015-04-01 | 邬金飞 | Cultivation method for pleurotus citrinipileatus sing |
| CN104541992A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-04-29 | 邬方成 | Abalone mushroom culture method |
| CN104584873A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-06 | 邬金梅 | Pleurotus eryngii cultivating method |
| CN104770202A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-07-15 | 邬方成 | Cultivation method of pleurotus cornucopiae |
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Open date: 20090422 |