CN108797192A - 一种无胶秸秆纤维板及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种无胶秸秆纤维板及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN108797192A
CN108797192A CN201710291897.1A CN201710291897A CN108797192A CN 108797192 A CN108797192 A CN 108797192A CN 201710291897 A CN201710291897 A CN 201710291897A CN 108797192 A CN108797192 A CN 108797192A
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glue
straw fiber
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沈志忠
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种无胶秸秆纤维板，由秸秆纤维和辅料混合均匀后得到的湿坯热压制备的，其中，所述秸秆纤维的质量分数为20％～80％，余量为辅料，所述辅料选自木纤维、竹纤维、化工纤维中的一种或多种。本发明同时还提供了上述的无胶秸秆纤维板的制备方法，以及一种基于该无胶纤维板的复合板材。本发明的无胶秸秆纤维板在生产过程中不加入任何化学物质，环保，“0”甲醛，并且可降解。基于该无胶秸秆纤维板制备的复合板材具有表面光洁度好，美观大方，静曲强度较高、环保无甲醛的优点，而且用途广泛，可以用作建筑地板、天花板、隔断墙、门芯板、隔音板、组合家具和茶几面，可以在一些领域代替木材，其原料麦秸秆来源充足，价格低廉。

Description

一种无胶秸秆纤维板及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑和家具板材技术领域，具体涉及一种以无胶秸秆纤维板及其制备方法，同时还涉及以无胶秸秆纤维板为芯板制备的复合板材。
背景技术
目前由于各国对环境及森林资源的保护，逐步限制采用木材加工人造板，但社会对人造板的需求却在不断加大，因此，人们越来越关注木材的替代品问题。但是目前在市面上仍然大量使用刨花板，其原料来源局限、成本高；而麦秸秆则属于可再生资源，每年都会产生大量的麦秸秆，在一些经济地区还会被人们烧掉，即造成一种污染，又造成浪费资源，增加其经济附加值成为目前急需解决的问题。因此发展以麦秸秆为原料制造建筑和家具板材是解决这个矛盾的有效途径之一。另外，现有技术中的密度板材都是加入大量粘合剂使粉碎处理后的原料聚合并保持形状，粘合剂中往往含有甲醛等有害化学物质，在使用中会挥发到居所中对健康造成损害，因此，如何避免使用化学粘合剂却不影响板材质量也是亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的缺陷提供了一种环保无胶复合板材。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种无胶秸秆纤维板，所述无胶秸秆纤维板是由秸秆纤维和辅料混合均匀后得到的湿坯热压制备的，其中，所述秸秆纤维的质量分数为20％～80％，余量为辅料，所述辅料选自木纤维、竹纤维或化工纤维中的一种或多种。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中，所述木纤维、竹纤维或化工纤维为由废旧纸张和/或废旧布料分解获得的纤维。
本发明还提供了一种基于上述无胶秸秆纤维板的复合板材，所述复合板材包括芯层和面板层，所述面板层包括上述的无胶秸秆纤维板，所述芯层选自中空瓦楞纸、无胶秸秆纤维板、聚氨酯发泡层、实木板材、橡胶或金属板中的一种或多种。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中，所述面板层的外表面贴覆有三聚氰氨纸贴面和/或PVC材料贴面。
本发明还提供了一种上述无胶秸秆纤维板的制备方法，所述制备方法包括：
1)将秸秆在膨化机中膨化获得秸秆纤维；
2)将秸秆纤维与水混合获得秸秆纤维浆液，所述秸秆纤维浆液中秸秆纤维的的质量分数为2～3％；
2)将秸秆纤维浆液与辅料混合后制浆，其中，所述辅料选自木纤维、竹纤维或化工纤维中的一种或多种；所述辅料与秸秆纤维的质量比为1：(4～9)；
3)将制浆得到的悬液以抄取法制成湿坯；
在圆网轮的网面上脱水过滤形成初层，粘合后以2～4个初层在无端毛布上形成薄料层，薄料层经过真空脱水后缠绕在运转的成型筒上形成湿坯，通过成型筒加压系统对湿坯施加压力使之脱水密实，当湿坯达到所要求的厚度后即由成型筒转移到热压机；
4)热压机在180～220℃的温度热压定型，产出无胶秸秆纤维板。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中，步骤4)中热压定型包括：
a)热压机先以0.1mpa的压力热压60S，以释放蒸气压力；
b)在步骤a)之后以10～15mpa的压力热压2min，以进一步释放蒸气压力；
c)在步骤b)之后以15～25mpa的压力热压3～8min，即得到中密度无胶秸秆纤维板。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中，步骤4)中所述热压机不加压，将湿坯烘干得到低密度无胶秸秆纤维板。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中，所述辅料为由废旧纸张和/或废旧布料分解获得的纤维。
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有以下优点：
本发明的无胶秸秆纤维板在生产过程中不加入任何化学物质，环保，“0”甲醛，并且可降解。基于该无胶秸秆纤维板制备的复合板材具有表面光洁度好，美观大方，静曲强度较高、环保无甲醛的优点，而且用途广泛，可以用作建筑地板、天花板、隔断墙、门芯板、隔音板、组合家具和茶几面，可以在一些领域代替木材，其原料麦秸秆来源充足，价格低廉。此外，本发明的工艺方法具有简单、易于操作等优点。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详述，以下实施例只是描述性的，不是限定性的，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
实施例1制备无胶秸秆纤维板
1)将秸秆在膨化机中膨化获得秸秆纤维；
2)将秸秆纤维与水混合获得秸秆纤维浆液，所述秸秆纤维浆液中秸秆纤维的的质量分数为2％；
2)将秸秆纤维浆液与由辅料混合后制浆，其中，所述辅料选由回收纸张分解得到的植物纤维；所述辅料与秸秆纤维的质量比为1∶4；
3)将制浆得到的悬液以抄取法制成湿坯；
在圆网轮的网面上脱水过滤形成初层，粘合后以2～4个初层在无端毛布上形成薄料层，薄料层经过真空脱水后缠绕在运转的成型筒上形成湿坯，通过成型筒加压系统对湿坯施加压力使之脱水密实，当湿坯达到要求厚度后即由成型筒转移到热压机；
4)热压机在180～220℃的温度热压定型，产出无胶秸秆纤维板。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中，步骤4)中热压定型包括：
a)热压机先以0.1mpa的压力热压60S，以释放蒸气压力；
b)在步骤a)之后以10mpa的压力热压2min，以进一步释放蒸气压力；
c)在步骤b)之后以15mpa的压力热压8min，即得到中密度无胶秸秆纤维板。
实施例2制备无胶秸秆纤维板
1)将秸秆在膨化机中膨化获得秸秆纤维；
2)将秸秆纤维与水混合获得秸秆纤维浆液，所述秸秆纤维浆液中秸秆纤维的的质量分数为2.5％；
2)将秸秆纤维浆液与辅料混合后制浆，其中，所述辅料选自木纤维、竹纤维、化工纤维中的一种或多种；所述辅料与秸秆纤维的质量比为1∶7；
3)将制浆得到的悬液以抄取法制成湿坯；
在圆网轮的网面上脱水过滤形成初层，粘合后以3个初层在无端毛布上形成薄料层，薄料层经过真空脱水后缠绕在运转的成型筒上形成湿坯，通过成型筒加压系统对湿坯施加压力使之脱水密实，当湿坯达到要求厚度后即由成型筒转移到热压机：
4)热压机在180～220℃的温度热压定型，产出无胶秸秆纤维板。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中，步骤4)中热压定型包括：
a)热压机先以0.1mpa的压力热压60S，以释放蒸气压力；
b)在步骤a)之后以15mpa的压力热压2min，以进一步释放蒸气压力；
c)在步骤b)之后以20mpa的压力热压5min，即得到中密度无胶秸秆纤维板。
实施例3制备无胶秸秆纤维板
1)将秸秆在膨化机中膨化获得秸秆纤维；
2)将秸秆纤维与水混合获得秸秆纤维浆液，所述秸秆纤维浆液中秸秆纤维的的质量分数为2～3％；
2)将秸秆纤维浆液与辅料混合后制浆，其中，所述辅料选自木纤维、竹纤维或化工纤维中的一种或多种；所述辅料与秸秆纤维的质量比为1∶9；
3)将制浆得到的悬液以抄取法制成湿坯；
在圆网轮的网面上脱水过滤形成初层，粘合后以3个初层在无端毛布上形成薄料层，薄料层经过真空脱水后缠绕在运转的成型筒上形成湿坯，通过成型筒加压系统对湿坯施加压力使之脱水密实，当湿坯达到要求厚度后即由成型筒转移到热压机；
4)热压机在180～220℃的温度热压定型，产出无胶秸秆纤维板。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中，步骤4)中热压定型包括：
a)热压机先以0.1mpa的压力热压60S，以释放蒸气压力；
b)在步骤a)之后以12mpa的压力热压2min，以进一步释放蒸气压力；
c)在步骤b)之后以25mpa的压力热压3～8min，即得到中密度无胶秸秆纤维板。
根据实施例1～3制备的秸秆纤维板可以用于制备复合板材，例如以中空瓦楞纸、聚氨酯发泡层、实木板材、橡胶或金属板中的一种或多种为芯层，在芯层的两侧贴覆根据实用例1～3中制备的秸秆纤维板作为面板层，当然也可以将秸秆纤维板作为芯层。在面板层的外侧还可以进一步贴覆三聚氰氨纸和/或PVC材料作为装饰层。
以上，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。

Claims (8)

1.一种无胶秸秆纤维板，其特征在于，所述无胶秸秆纤维板是由秸秆纤维和辅料混合均匀后得到的湿坯热压制备的，其中，所述秸秆纤维的质量分数为20％～80％，余量为辅料，所述辅料选自木纤维、竹纤维或化工纤维中的一种或多种。
2.如权利要求1所述的无胶秸秆纤维板，其特征在于，所述木纤维、竹纤维或化工纤维为由废旧纸张和/或废旧布料分解获得的纤维。
3.一种复合板材，其特征在于，所述复合板材包括芯层和面板层，所述面板层包括如权利要求1或2所述的无胶秸秆纤维板，所述芯层选自中空瓦楞纸、无胶秸秆纤维板、聚氨酯发泡层、实木板材、橡胶或金属板中的一种或多种。
4.如权利要求3所述的复合板材，其特征在于，所述面板层的外表面贴覆有三聚氰氨纸贴面和/或PVC材料贴面。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的无胶秸秆纤维板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括：
1)将秸秆在膨化机中膨化获得秸秆纤维；
2)将秸秆纤维与水混合获得秸秆纤维浆液，所述秸秆纤维浆液中秸秆纤维的的质量分数为2～3％；
2)将秸秆纤维浆液与辅料混合后制浆，其中，所述辅料选自木纤维、竹纤维或化工纤维中的一种或多种；所述辅料与秸秆纤维的质量比为1∶(4～9)；
3)将制浆得到的悬液以抄取法制成湿坯；
在圆网轮的网面上脱水过滤形成初层，粘合后以2～4个初层在无端毛布上形成薄料层，薄料层经过真空脱水后缠绕在运转的成型筒上形成湿坯，通过成型筒加压系统对湿坯施加压力使之脱水密实，当湿坯达到所要求的厚度后即由成型筒转移到热压机；
4)热压机在180～220℃的温度热压定型，产出无胶秸秆纤维板。
6.如权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤4)中热压定型包括：
a)热压机先以0.1mpa的压力热压60S，以释放蒸气压力；
b)在步骤a)之后以10～15mpa的压力热压2min，以进一步释放蒸气压力；
c)在步骤b)之后以15～25mpa的压力热压3～8min，即得到中密度无胶秸秆纤维板。
7.如权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤4)中所述热压机不加压，将湿坯烘干得到低密度无胶秸秆纤维板。
8.如权利要求5～7中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述辅料为由废旧纸张和/或废旧布料分解获得的纤维。
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