CN108262833A - 一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板,包括两个木质单板以及设置在两个木质单板之间的匀质葵花杆芯板,所述两个木质单板的外表面还粘接有面皮,所述匀质葵花杆芯板包括如下质量比份数的原料:葵花杆条20‑80份,胶黏剂1‑15份,阻燃剂2‑20份,改性剂20‑50份。本发明采用糠醇对葵花杆进行了改性处理,赋予葵花杆板优异的力学强度和耐水性,实现对秸秆废物的回收利用,减少浪费,减少污染,采用常温冷压成型技术制得所述匀质葵花杆芯板,使产品能够兼顾防水和防火功能,同时还大幅度的降低了设备造价,使整个生产过程无害化、无有毒有害气体释放,实现了绿色化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及压制板材技术领域,具体为一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板及其制造方法。
背景技术
随着世界性的森林资源短缺,木材供应日趋紧张,木材及人造板的生产已受到严重影响,而需求量正在逐年增长。国家最新统计结果显示,全国森林面积15894.1万hm2,森林覆盖率约17%,森林蓄积量112.7亿m3,分别居世界第5、第7位,但人均占有量则仅有世界平均水平的1/5、1/8。人均年耗木材0.22m3,相当于世界人均年耗木材0.65m3的34.8%。经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,人们开始追求绿色生活环境,木材作为重要的绿色材料,备受青睐。有关资料预测,我国木材供应缺口每年4000-6000万m3,。随着国家天然林保护工程的启动与实施,其供需矛盾将更加严重。
我国是一个农业大国,农作物不仅品种多并且产量也相当大。葵花(原名向日葵)是菊科向日葵属作物,为一年生高草本植物,秆部木质化程度比一般草本植物较高,广泛分布于我国的黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙、山西、河北、宁夏、新疆、四川等省区,种植面积也很广。单葵花秆产量就约1700-2000万t。当前主要用作燃料和饲料,或在田间直接焚烧处理,不仅造成资源浪费而且其烟雾灰尘严重污染了当地大气环境,并影响一些机场和高速公路的使用。如果用其10%约200t作原料,至少可生产150万m3人造板材,可代替400万m3原木,即有利于节约木材、保护环境,同时也增加了农民收入。
因此充分利用葵花杆资源变废为宝,生产节能环保型高强代木板材或其它器件是非常必要的,是市场非常急需的,针对上述问题,特提出一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板及其制造方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板及其制造方法,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板,包括两个木质单板以及设置在两个木质单板之间的匀质葵花杆芯板,所述两个木质单板的外表面还粘接有面皮,所述匀质葵花杆芯板包括如下质量比份数的原料:葵花杆条20-80份,胶黏剂1-15份,阻燃剂2-20份,改性剂20-50份。
所述匀质葵花杆芯板包括如下质量比份数的原料:葵花杆条50份,胶黏剂7份,阻燃剂12份,改性剂15份。
所述胶黏剂为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI),二苯基甲烷-4,4-二异氰酸酯(MDI),三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯(TMI),苯丙乳液,丁苯胶乳或环氧树脂。
所述阻燃剂为水玻璃或聚磷酸铵。
所述匀质葵花杆芯板与所述木质单板的质量比不大于5。
所述匀质葵花杆芯板的制造方法包括如下步骤:
S1:将所述葵花杆条浸渍到糠醇水溶液中,在常温常压条件下,浸渍10-30分钟,然后将含有糠醇的葵花杆在80-110℃条件下干燥6小时,即得到改性葵花杆。
S2:将S1中得到的改性葵花杆与所述胶黏剂和阻燃剂混合均匀,形成混合料;
S3:对S2中形成的混合料进行预压成型处理,得到葵花杆芯板预制坯;
S4:对S3中的葵花杆芯板预制坯进行冷压定型处理,得到葵花杆芯板定型坯;
S5:依次干燥、抛光S4中的葵花杆芯板定型坯,制得含水率为8%~20%的所述匀质葵花杆芯板;
S6:采用所述胶黏剂将两个所述木质单板分别粘贴在匀质葵花杆芯板的上表面和下表面上。
所述步骤S3中预压成型处理具体为:将所述混合料平铺于垫板上,并施加11-13MPa的压力,使垫板上的混合料的高度按照5:1 的比例压缩,形成所述葵花杆芯板预制坯。
所述步骤S4中冷压定型处理具体为:采用冷压机对所述秸秆芯板预制坯施加8-12MPa的压力进行定形处理,并同时保持压力,压制8-10小时,形成所述秸秆芯板定型坯。
所述步骤S5中的干燥、抛光具体为:先在120℃~ 130℃的温度下干燥所述秸秆芯板定型坯10~20分钟,再对干燥后的所述秸秆芯板定型坯进行切边、定厚砂光处理。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:(1)本发明技术采用糠醇对葵花杆进行了改性处理,一方面糠醇在高温干燥过程中可以在葵花杆内部形成高分子聚合物,提高葵花杆抗拉强度和耐水性,另一方面糠醇通过其羟基可以与葵花杆中的纤维素分子上的羟基发生反应,使葵花杆具有醛基和羟基等活性基团,能够提高其与胶黏剂的交联反应活性,使葵花杆板具有较高的交联反应密度,从而赋予葵花杆板优异的力学强度和耐水性;
(2)本发明提供的无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板中的匀质葵花芯板利用秸秆取传统的木材,实现对秸秆废物的回收利用,减少浪费;同时所述匀质葵花杆芯板采用的所述阻燃粘合剂为无卤素的绿色环保阻燃剂,使用方便,很容易均匀分布到板材中,所用胶黏剂不含甲醛、苯酚、甲苯等物质,能从根本上解决板材的甲醛释放污染问题;
(3)与现有技术相比,本发明提供的无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板的制造方法,采用常温冷压成型技术制得所述匀质葵花杆芯板,不仅大大节约了能源,而且还提高了产品性能,使产品能够兼顾防水和防火功能,同时还大幅度的降低了设备造价,使整个生产过程无害化、无有毒有害气体释放,实现了绿色化生产。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供的第一种技术方案:一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板,包括两个木质单板以及设置在两个木质单板之间的匀质葵花杆芯板,两个木质单板的外表面还粘接有面皮,匀质葵花杆芯板包括如下质量比份数的原料:葵花杆条20-80份,胶黏剂1-15份,阻燃剂2-20份,改性剂20-50份。
匀质葵花杆芯板包括如下质量比份数的原料:葵花杆条50份,胶黏剂7份,阻燃剂12份,改性剂15份。
胶黏剂为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI),二苯基甲烷-4,4-二异氰酸酯(MDI),三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯(TMI),苯丙乳液,丁苯胶乳或环氧树脂。
阻燃剂为水玻璃或聚磷酸铵。
匀质葵花杆芯板与木质单板的质量比不大于5。
匀质葵花杆芯板的制造方法包括如下步骤:
S1:将葵花杆条浸渍到糠醇水溶液中,在常温常压条件下,浸渍10-30分钟,然后将含有糠醇的葵花杆在80-110℃条件下干燥6小时,即得到改性葵花杆。
S2:将S1中得到的改性葵花杆与胶黏剂和阻燃剂混合均匀,形成混合料;
S3:对S2中形成的混合料进行预压成型处理,得到葵花杆芯板预制坯;
S4:对S3中的葵花杆芯板预制坯进行冷压定型处理,得到葵花杆芯板定型坯;
S5:依次干燥、抛光S4中的葵花杆芯板定型坯,制得含水率为8%~20%的匀质葵花杆芯板;
S6:采用胶黏剂将两个木质单板分别粘贴在匀质葵花杆芯板的上表面和下表面上。
步骤S3中预压成型处理具体为:将混合料平铺于垫板上,并施加11-13MPa的压力,使垫板上的混合料的高度按照5:1 的比例压缩,形成葵花杆芯板预制坯。
步骤S4中冷压定型处理具体为:采用冷压机对秸秆芯板预制坯施加8-12MPa的压力进行定形处理,并同时保持压力,压制8-10小时,形成秸秆芯板定型坯。
步骤S5中的干燥、抛光具体为:先在120℃~ 130℃的温度下干燥秸秆芯板定型坯10~20分钟,再对干燥后的秸秆芯板定型坯进行切边、定厚砂光处理。
所述无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板经国家防火建筑材料质量监督检验中心检测,按照强制性国家标准GB8624-2012或GB20286-2006鉴定,其阻燃性能可达到GB8624-2012或GB20286-2006规定的B1级标准,所以,所述无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板具有良好的阻燃性能。所述无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板按照GB18580-2001《室内装饰装修材料人造板及其制品中甲醛释放限量》所规定的干燥器法及气候箱法测定,甲醛释放量≤0.1mg/L,可达E0级及其以上标准,因此所述无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板具有良好的环保性能。
本发明提供的第二种技术方案:一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板,包括两个木质单板以及设置在两个木质单板之间的匀质葵花杆芯板,两个木质单板的外表面还粘接有面皮,匀质葵花杆芯板包括如下质量比份数的原料:葵花杆条50份,胶黏剂7份,阻燃剂12份,改性剂15份。
通过选定的比例,提高葵花杆抗拉强度和耐水性,另一方面糠醇通过其羟基可以与葵花杆中的纤维素分子上的羟基发生反应,使葵花杆具有醛基和羟基等活性基团,能够提高其与胶黏剂的交联反应活性,使葵花杆板具有较高的交联反应密度,从而赋予葵花杆板优异的力学强度和耐水性。
胶黏剂为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI),二苯基甲烷-4,4-二异氰酸酯(MDI),三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯(TMI),苯丙乳液,丁苯胶乳或环氧树脂。
阻燃剂为水玻璃或聚磷酸铵。
匀质葵花杆芯板与木质单板的质量比不大于5。
匀质葵花杆芯板的制造方法包括如下步骤:
S1:将葵花杆条浸渍到糠醇水溶液中,在常温常压条件下,浸渍10-30分钟,然后将含有糠醇的葵花杆在80-110℃条件下干燥6小时,即得到改性葵花杆。
S2:将S1中得到的改性葵花杆与胶黏剂和阻燃剂混合均匀,形成混合料;
S3:对S2中形成的混合料进行预压成型处理,得到葵花杆芯板预制坯;
S4:对S3中的葵花杆芯板预制坯进行冷压定型处理,得到葵花杆芯板定型坯;
S5:依次干燥、抛光S4中的葵花杆芯板定型坯,制得含水率为8%~20%的匀质葵花杆芯板;
S6:采用胶黏剂将两个木质单板分别粘贴在匀质葵花杆芯板的上表面和下表面上。
步骤S3中预压成型处理具体为:将混合料平铺于垫板上,并施加11-13MPa的压力,使垫板上的混合料的高度按照5:1 的比例压缩,形成葵花杆芯板预制坯。
步骤S4中冷压定型处理具体为:采用冷压机对秸秆芯板预制坯施加8-12MPa的压力进行定形处理,并同时保持压力,压制8-10小时,形成秸秆芯板定型坯。
步骤S5中的干燥、抛光具体为:先在120℃~ 130℃的温度下干燥秸秆芯板定型坯10~20分钟,再对干燥后的秸秆芯板定型坯进行切边、定厚砂光处理。
按照GB/T17657-2013规定的方法测得:所述无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板的密度通常大于等于600kg/m3,优选地,大于700kg/m3。所述无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板在正常状态下的横向平均静曲强度≥20.0兆帕/毫米,且横向最小静曲强度≥15.0,兆帕/毫米;弹性模量≥1600~2200兆帕/毫米;表面胶合强度≥0.80兆帕/毫米;含水率为6.0%~10.0%。
所述无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板经国家防火建筑材料质量监督检验中心检测,按照强制性国家标准GB8624-2012或GB20286-2006鉴定,其阻燃性能可达到GB8624-2012或GB20286-2006规定的B1级标准,所以,所述无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板具有良好的阻燃性能。所述无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板按照GB18580-2001《室内装饰装修材料人造板及其制品中甲醛释放限量》所规定的干燥器法及气候箱法测定,甲醛释放量≤0.1mg/L,可达E0级及其以上标准,因此所述无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板具有良好的环保性能。
在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“设置”、“连接”、“固定”、“旋接”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系,除非另有明确的限定,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (9)
1.一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板,其特征在于,包括两个木质单板以及设置在两个木质单板之间的匀质葵花杆芯板,所述两个木质单板的外表面还粘接有面皮,所述匀质葵花杆芯板包括如下质量比份数的原料:葵花杆条20-80份,胶黏剂1-15份,阻燃剂2-20份,改性剂20-50份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板,其特征在于:所述匀质葵花杆芯板包括如下质量比份数的原料:葵花杆条50份,胶黏剂7份,阻燃剂12份,改性剂15份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板,其特征在于:所述胶黏剂为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI),二苯基甲烷-4,4-二异氰酸酯(MDI),三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯(TMI),苯丙乳液,丁苯胶乳或环氧树脂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板,其特征在于:所述阻燃剂为水玻璃或聚磷酸铵。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板,其特征在于:所述匀质葵花杆芯板与所述木质单板的质量比不大于5。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种如权利要求1所述的一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板的制造方法,其特征在于:所述匀质葵花杆芯板的制造方法包括如下步骤:
S1:将所述葵花杆条浸渍到糠醇水溶液中,在常温常压条件下,浸渍10-30分钟,然后将含有糠醇的葵花杆在80-110℃条件下干燥6小时,即得到改性葵花杆;
S2:将S1中得到的改性葵花杆与所述胶黏剂和阻燃剂混合均匀,形成混合料;
S3:对S2中形成的混合料进行预压成型处理,得到葵花杆芯板预制坯;
S4:对S3中的葵花杆芯板预制坯进行冷压定型处理,得到葵花杆芯板定型坯;
S5:依次干燥、抛光S4中的葵花杆芯板定型坯,制得含水率为8%~20%的所述匀质葵花杆芯板;
S6:采用所述胶黏剂将两个所述木质单板分别粘贴在匀质葵花杆芯板的上表面和下表面上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S3中预压成型处理具体为:将所述混合料平铺于垫板上,并施加11-13MPa的压力,使垫板上的混合料的高度按照5:1 的比例压缩,形成所述葵花杆芯板预制坯。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S4中冷压定型处理具体为:采用冷压机对所述秸秆芯板预制坯施加8-12MPa的压力进行定形处理,并同时保持压力,压制8-10小时,形成所述秸秆芯板定型坯。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种无醛阻燃葵花杆大芯板的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S5中的干燥、抛光具体为:先在120℃~ 130℃的温度下干燥所述秸秆芯板定型坯10~20分钟,再对干燥后的所述秸秆芯板定型坯进行切边、定厚砂光处理。
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