CN108779693A - 用于调整内燃发动机中的氮氧化物传感器的特性曲线的方法 - Google Patents

用于调整内燃发动机中的氮氧化物传感器的特性曲线的方法 Download PDF

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CN108779693A
CN108779693A CN201780017526.2A CN201780017526A CN108779693A CN 108779693 A CN108779693 A CN 108779693A CN 201780017526 A CN201780017526 A CN 201780017526A CN 108779693 A CN108779693 A CN 108779693A
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nitrogen oxides
nox sensor
value
catalytic converter
signal
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CN108779693B (zh
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张宏
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Continental Automotive GmbH
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Continental Automotive GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
    • F02D41/1461—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine
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    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于调整具有排气再循环的内燃发动机的氮氧化物传感器（32）的特性曲线的方法，该内燃发动机具有被设置在SCR催化转化器（20）上游的第一氮氧化物传感器（32）和被设置在SCR催化转化器（20）下游的第二氮氧化物传感器（22）。公开的方法包括：确定颗粒过滤器（30）处于再生阶段；增加排气再循环速率；中断通过尿素喷射装置（26）进行的尿素供给；从由第一氮氧化物传感器（32）产生的第一氮氧化物信号获取第一氮氧化物值，并且确定第一氮氧化物值处于第一氮氧化物区间内；从由第二氮氧化物传感器（22）产生的第二氮氧化物信号获取第二氮氧化物值，并且确定第二氮氧化物值处于第二氮氧化物区间内；并且借助于第二氮氧化物值调整第一氮氧化物传感器（32）的特性曲线。

Description

用于调整内燃发动机中的氮氧化物传感器的特性曲线的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于调整内燃发动机中的氮氧化物传感器的特性曲线的方法，尤其涉及用于调整在具有排气再循环的内燃发动机中的被设置在SCR催化转化器上游的氮氧化物传感器的特性曲线的方法。
背景技术
在内燃发动机中，尤其柴油内燃发动机中，已知使用被称为SCR（选择性催化还原）催化转化器的装置，其被用于还原内燃发动机的排气中的氮氧化物。在此上下文中，在SCR催化转化器处的化学反应是选择性的，也就是说氮氧化物（NO、NO2）优选被还原，而很大程度上抑制了不期望的二次反应，例如形成三氧化硫的二氧化硫的氧化。
对于化学反应，尿素被喷射到SCR催化转化器上游的排气中，该尿素随后至少部分地分解成氨，该氨能够与排气反应，以在SCR催化转化器中形成水和氮。例如氮氧化物传感器和氨传感器被用于控制待喷射的尿素的量，以便测量内燃发动机的排气区段中的相应部分且随后控制待喷射的尿素的正确的量。
发明内容
本发明基于可获得一种方法的目的，通过该方法能够减少随运转时间的氮氧化物传感器的特性曲线的偏差。
本发明基于如下构思，即当被设置在SCR催化转化器上游的颗粒过滤器处于再生阶段时，借助于在SCR催化转化器下游的第二氮氧化物传感器的已获取的氮氧化物值，校正具有排气再循环的内燃发动机的被设置在SCR催化转化器上游的第一氮氧化物传感器的特性曲线。在颗粒过滤器的再生阶段期间，氮氧化物排放物通常基于增加的排气再循环速率被还原，其中，此外，通过被设置在SCR催化转化器上游的尿素喷射装置中断尿素供给。尤其，在升高的排气温度下，通过尿素分解形成的氨将在其可以在SCR催化转化器中与氮氧化物反应之前被氧化。
根据本发明，公开了一种用于调整具有排气再循环的内燃发动机的被设置在SCR催化转化器上游的第一氮氧化物传感器的特性曲线的方法，该内燃发动机具有：SCR催化转化器；被设置在SCR催化转化器上游的第一氮氧化物传感器；被设置在SCR催化转化器下游的第二氮氧化物传感器；被设置在SCR催化转化器上游的颗粒过滤器；以及被设置在SCR催化转化器上游的尿素喷射装置。根据本发明的方法包括：确定颗粒过滤器处于再生阶段，在颗粒过滤器的再生阶段期间增加排气再循环速率；在颗粒过滤器的再生阶段期间中断通过尿素喷射装置的尿素的供给；从在颗粒过滤器的再生阶段期间由第一氮氧化物传感器产生的第一氮氧化物信号来获取第一氮氧化物值，并且确定第一氮氧化物值处于第一氮氧化物区间（interval）内；从在颗粒过滤器的再生阶段期间由第二氮氧化物传感器产生的第二氮氧化物信号来获取第二氮氧化物值，并且确定第二氮氧化物值处于第二氮氧化物区间内；以及借助于第二氮氧化物值调整第一氮氧化物传感器的特性曲线。
通过确定第一氮氧化物值处于第一氮氧化物区间内且通过确定第二氮氧化物值处于第二氮氧化物区间内，检查从第一和第二氮氧化物传感器的相应信号获取的相应氮氧化物值是否基本上稳定。代替检查氮氧化物值的稳定性，也可以直接基于氮氧化物传感器的特性曲线的基本线性轮廓来检查相应氮氧化物信号，以便确定所述氮氧化物信号是否处于区间内和/或它们是否稳定。
在一种优选改进中，第一氮氧化物区间描述了在从第一氮氧化物值获取的第一平均值周围以±10%、尤其±5%延伸的区间。此外，在此上下文中，第二氮氧化物区间描述了在从第二氮氧化物值获取的第二平均值周围以±10%、尤其±5%延伸的区间。
在另外的优选实施例中，内燃发动机还具有被设置在SCR催化转化器下游的氨传感器。在这种优选改进中，根据本发明的方法还包括：借助于氨传感器产生氨信号；从由氨传感器产生的氨信号获取氨值；以及确定获取的氨值低于预定氨阈值。仅如果确定获取的氨值小于预定氨阈值时执行根据本方法的对第一氮氧化物传感器的特性曲线的调整。另一方面，这意味着当确定获取的氨值高于预定氨阈值时，不能够执行根据本发明的对特性曲线的调整。
根据一种优选改进，预定氨阈值是近似5 ppm，尤其近似1 ppm。
根据另外的有利改进，根据本发明的方法还包括：获取氨信号的绝对变化梯度；并且确定氨信号的绝对变化梯度低于预定氨变化阈值。
在本公开的范围内，绝对变化梯度描述了信号随时间的变化，在预定时间间隔内短暂地相继检测这些信号。尤其，变化梯度能够是稳定值和/或信号的指示。
当第一氮氧化物传感器的特性曲线被调整时，有利地考虑在第一氮氧化物传感器的信号和第二氮氧化物传感器的信号之间的延迟。在第一氮氧化物传感器和第二氮氧化物传感器之间的表征排气样本的信号根据排气的流动行为按时间顺序偏移，例如流动速度和/或在第一氮氧化物传感器和第二氮氧化物传感器之间的流动路径长度。在调整时优选地允许并考虑到这种按时间顺序的偏移。
根据本发明的另外的方面，公开了一种用于具有排气再循环的内燃发动机的排气区段，该内燃发动机具有：SCR催化转化器；被设置在SCR催化转化器上游的颗粒过滤器，尤其是柴油颗粒过滤器；第一氮氧化物传感器，其被设置在SCR催化转化器上游并且被设计成产生指示SCR催化转化器上游的氮氧化物值的第一氮氧化物信号；尿素喷射装置，其被设置在SCR催化转化器上游并且被设计成喷射预定量的尿素；第二氮氧化物传感器，其被设置在SCR催化转化器下游并且被设计成产生指示氮氧化物的第二氮氧化物信号；氨传感器，其被设置在SCR传感器下游并且被设计成产生指示氨值的氨信号；和控制单元，其被设计成接收第一氮氧化物信号、第二氮氧化物信号和氨信号并且执行根据本公开的方法。
附图说明
通过考虑附图，本领域技术人员将显而易见到本发明的另外的特征和目标，附图中：
图1示出了具有排气再循环的内燃发动机的通过示例公开的排气区段的一部分，以及
图2示出了根据本公开的用于调整氮氧化物传感器的特性曲线的示例性方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了内燃发动机的排气区段10的一部分的示意性视图（没有被更详细地示出）。排气区段10具有SCR催化转化器20，其被设计成实施化学反应，以致能够还原在排气中的氮氧化物。颗粒过滤器30（例如柴油颗粒过滤器）被设置在SCR催化转化器20上游。在一种优选改进中，SCR催化转化器20和颗粒过滤器30被集成在一个部件单元中。被设计成产生对应信号的氮氧化物传感器22和氨传感器24被设置在SCR催化转化器20下游。尤其，氮氧化物传感器22被设计成产生指示出氮氧化物值的氮氧化物信号。以类似方式，氨传感器24被设计成产生指示出氨值的氨信号。
尿素喷射装置26被设置在SCR催化转化器20上游并且被设计成在预定时刻喷射预定量的尿素。尿素溶液被设计成被排气分解，以致氨至少部分地产生，该氨能够在SCR催化转化器20中进行化学反应并能够因此还原在排气中的氮氧化物。
根据图1中所示的排气区段10的示例性改进，另外的氮氧化物传感器32也被设置在颗粒过滤器20上游，该氮氧化物传感器32被设计成产生指示出氮氧化物值的另外的氮氧化物信号。
控制单元40（其能够是例如内燃发动机的控制系统的一部分）被连接到氮氧化物传感器22、氨传感器24、尿素喷射装置26和另外的氮氧化物传感器32，并且被设计成接收来自这些装置的信号并/或将所述信号传输至这些装置以便控制它们。
例如，控制系统40被设计成执行根据图2的方法。图2示出了用于调整具有排气再循环的内燃发动机的氮氧化物传感器的特性曲线的方法的示例性流程图。
方法开始于步骤200处，并且其在步骤210处确定颗粒过滤器30处于再生阶段。例如，当颗粒过滤器的负载超过预定阈值（例如多于最大负载的90%）时，颗粒过滤器的再生阶段是必要的。如果在步骤210处确定颗粒过滤器30没有处于再生阶段，则方法前进到步骤270并且在那里结束。
如果在步骤210处确定颗粒过滤器30处于再生阶段，则在步骤220处增加排气再循环速率。在之后的步骤230处，中断通过尿素喷射装置26的尿素的供给。在随后的步骤240中，从由第一氮氧化物传感器32获取的第一氮氧化物信号获取第一氮氧化物值。同时，在步骤240处，从由第二氮氧化物传感器22获取的第二氮氧化物信号获取第二氮氧化物值。
在随后的步骤250中，检查第一和第二氮氧化物值是否处于第一氮氧化物区间内或者第二氮氧化物区间内。也就是说，确定第一和第二氮氧化物信号是否基本上稳定。如果在步骤250处确定第一氮氧化物信号没有处于第一氮氧化物区间内且/或第二氮氧化物信号没有处于第二氮氧化物区间内，则方法前进到步骤270，其在此结束。
不过，如果在步骤250处确定第一氮氧化物信号处于第一氮氧化物区间内且第二氮氧化物信号也处于第二氮氧化物区间内，则在步骤260处借助于第二氮氧化物传感器22的氮氧化物值来调整第一氮氧化物传感器32的特性曲线。
根据图2的方法能够扩展到从由氨传感器24产生的氨信号获取氨值的效果。于是能够确定获取的氨值是否低于预定氨阈值，该预定氨阈值例如是近似5 ppm、尤其近似1ppm。
尤其，有利的是，仅当确定获取的氨量少于预定氨阈值时执行步骤260处的调整。这相反地意味着如果氨值高于预定氨阈值则不发生这样的调整。
以类似方式，如果（除了超过氨阈值或作为其替代）确定氨传感器的氨信号的绝对变化梯度超过预定氨变化阈值，则省去上文提到的对第一氮氧化物传感器32的特性曲线的调整。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于调整具有排气再循环的内燃发动机的第一氮氧化物传感器（32）的特性曲线的方法，所述第一氮氧化物传感器（32）被设置在SCR催化转化器（20）上游，所述内燃发动机具有：SCR催化转化器（20）；被设置在所述SCR催化转化器（20）上游的第一氮氧化物传感器（32）；被设置在所述SCR催化转化器（20）下游的第二氮氧化物传感器（22）；被设置在所述SCR催化转化器（20）上游的颗粒过滤器（30）；以及被设置在所述SCR催化转化器（20）上游的尿素喷射装置（26），其中，所述方法包括：
-确定所述颗粒过滤器（30）处于再生阶段，
-在所述颗粒过滤器（30）的所述再生阶段期间增加排气再循环速率；
-在所述颗粒过滤器（30）的所述再生阶段期间中断通过所述尿素喷射装置（26）进行的尿素供给；
-从在所述颗粒过滤器（30）的所述再生阶段期间由所述第一氮氧化物传感器（32）产生的第一氮氧化物信号来获取第一氮氧化物值，并且确定所述第一氮氧化物值处于第一氮氧化物区间内；
-从在所述颗粒过滤器（30）的所述再生阶段期间由所述第二氮氧化物传感器（22）产生的第二氮氧化物信号来获取第二氮氧化物值，并且确定所述第二氮氧化物值处于第二氮氧化物区间内；
-借助于所述第二氮氧化物值调整所述第一氮氧化物传感器（32）的特性曲线。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中
所述第一氮氧化物区间描述了在从所述第一氮氧化物值获取的第一平均值周围以±10%、尤其±5%延伸的区间，并且
所述第二氮氧化物区间描述了在从所述第二氮氧化物值获取的第二平均值周围以±10%、尤其±5%延伸的区间。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述内燃发动机还具有被设置在所述SCR催化转化器（20）下游的氨传感器（24），所述方法还包括：
-借助于所述氨传感器（24）产生氨信号；
-从所述氨信号获取氨值；以及
-确定获取的氨值低于预定氨阈值。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述预定氨阈值是近似5 ppm，尤其近似1 ppm。
5. 根据权利要求3和4中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
-获取所述氨信号的绝对变化梯度；并且
-确定所述氨信号的所述绝对变化梯度低于预定氨变化阈值。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，在借助于所述第一氮氧化物传感器（32）产生所述第一氮氧化物信号和借助于所述第二氮氧化物传感器（22）产生所述第二氮氧化物信号之间存在预定时间差，并且在调整所述第一氮氧化物传感器（32）的所述特性曲线期间，在所述第二氮氧化物值中考虑到该预定时间差。
7.一种用于具有排气再循环的内燃发动机的排气区段（10），包括：
-SCR催化转化器（20）；
-被设置在所述SCR催化转化器（20）上游的颗粒过滤器（30）；
-第一氮氧化物传感器（32），所述第一氮氧化物传感器（32）被设置在所述SCR催化转化器（20）上游并且被设计成产生指示所述SCR催化转化器（20）上游的氮氧化物值的第一氮氧化物信号；
-尿素喷射装置（26），所述尿素喷射装置（26）被设置在所述SCR催化转化器（20）上游并且被设计成喷射预定量的尿素；
-第二氮氧化物传感器（22），所述第二氮氧化物传感器（22）被设置在所述SCR催化转化器（20）下游并且被设计成产生指示所述SCR催化转化器（20）下游的氮氧化物值的第二氮氧化物信号；
-氨传感器（24），所述氨传感器（24）被设置在所述SCR催化转化器（20）下游并且被设计成产生指示所述SCR催化转化器（20）下游的氨值的氨信号；
-控制单元（40），所述控制单元（40）被设计成接收所述第一氮氧化物信号、所述第二氮氧化物信号和所述氨信号并且执行根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法。
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