CN111226027B - 操作柴油发动机的方法和具有nh3浓度检测的柴油发动机 - Google Patents

操作柴油发动机的方法和具有nh3浓度检测的柴油发动机 Download PDF

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CN111226027B
CN111226027B CN201880066711.5A CN201880066711A CN111226027B CN 111226027 B CN111226027 B CN 111226027B CN 201880066711 A CN201880066711 A CN 201880066711A CN 111226027 B CN111226027 B CN 111226027B
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张宏
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于操作柴油发动机（1）的方法，其中在组合有SCR系统的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）下游的排气管道（2）中测量NH3浓度，以及本发明涉及一种相应的柴油发动机（1）。当所测量的NH3浓度超过阈值时，根据所测量的NH3浓度来降低低压排气再循环率。

Description

操作柴油发动机的方法和具有NH3浓度检测的柴油发动机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种操作柴油发动机的方法，该柴油发动机具有布置在柴油发动机的排气管道中的SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器以及排气再循环装置，在该SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器中，尿素水溶液被引入排气管道中，该排气再循环装置具有在SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器下游分支的排气再循环导管，用于执行低压排气再循环。
背景技术
柴油发动机采用高压排气再循环（高压EGR）和低压排气再循环（低压EGR）来控制NOX排放。在高压排气再循环中，在排气后处理的上游实现排气抽取，而在低压排气再循环中，在排气后处理的下游实现排气抽取。在发动机和排气系统的预热阶段以及还在动态驾驶条件期间，更大量地使用高压排气再循环。在其它情况下，低压排气再循环得到更多的应用，以便在相同的NOX还原率下减少CO2比例。
此外，柴油发动机的排气系统越来越多地采用具有集成SCR催化剂的柴油颗粒过滤器（SDPF）。SCR催化剂是执行选择性催化还原的催化剂。在与柴油颗粒过滤器适当组合/适当集成的情况下，柴油颗粒过滤器可以包括例如SCR涂层。
在选择性催化还原（SCR）的方法中，尿素水溶液被连续地注入到排气流中以还原氮氧化物并通过水解形成二氧化碳和氨。氨与排气中的氮氧化物在SCR催化剂/ SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器上反应，以提供元素氮N2和水。
这种SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器更常被采用，特别是与下游的SCR催化剂组合使用，以便尤其在发动机的预热阶段期间以及在低负荷操作（城镇驾驶）和高负荷操作（高速公路驾驶）两者期间减少排放。当低压排气再循环与这种SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器相结合被执行时，在这种情况下，排气再循环导管通常在SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器的下游分支。通常假定在SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器中形成的氨与排气中存在的氮氧化物完全转化为氮气，使得氨不能再传送到分支的排气再循环导管。然而，在其中SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（SDPF）变热（例如高于400℃）或NH3以过量存在的实际驾驶条件下，氨仍然存在于离开SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器的排气中。在高的低压排气再循环率下，一部分氨然后通过排气再循环导管再循环到发动机，并再次部分地以NOX的形式和部分地以NH3的形式（取决于发动机负载）离开发动机。这是不期望的，并且导致不期望的排放和升高的尿素消耗。
US 9,080,488B2公开了一种确定NH3和NOX通过SCR催化剂的方法。这是使用布置在SCR催化剂上游和下游的NOX传感器来执行的。处理来自所述传感器的相应信号以计算SCR催化剂下游的NH3和NOX浓度。
US 9,429,059B2公开了一种方法，其中使用两个NOX传感器确定排气中的NOX和NH3浓度。
还已知的是，经由校准来控制相应的排气再循环，利用该校准可以规定在限定的驾驶周期中的正确的排放和正确的尿素剂量。然而，在实际驾驶条件下，规定满足所有条件的校准是非常困难的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种在本文开头处描述的类型的方法，借助于该方法，可特别精确地控制用于减少排放的排气再循环。
根据本发明，该目的通过以下步骤在规定类型的方法中实现：
测量SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器下游的排气中的NH3浓度；以及
当超过所测量的NH3浓度的阈值时，根据所测量的NH3浓度来降低低压排气再循环率。
因此，根据本发明的方法根据排气中NH3的浓度执行附加的低压排气再循环率控制。离开SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器的排气流中NH3的浓度越高，低压排气再循环率越低。这使得可以优化尿素消耗。NH3对排气再循环或空气冷却器的负面影响也可以被减小。
在根据本发明的方法的改进中，随着低压排气再循环率的减小，柴油发动机的高压排气再循环率相应地增大。
优选地使用NH3传感器来执行排气中NH3浓度的测量。该传感器布置在SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器与排气再循环导管的分支点之间。
优选的是，在SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器的下游和排气再循环导管的分支点的下游使用附加的SCR催化剂，使得未进入排气再循环导管的排气中的氨部分可以在随后的SCR催化剂中转化为氮气。
当提供这种SCR催化剂时，然后可以通过如下来测量排气中的NH3浓度：对布置在SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器下游的排气管道中的该SCR催化剂进行存储确定，并结合来自布置在SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器下游的NOX传感器的测量。SCR催化剂的存储确定可以使用天线传感器（antenna sensor）来执行。
在根据本发明的方法的又一变型中，可以通过在SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器下游和SCR催化剂下游利用NOX传感器执行测量来测量排气中的NH3浓度。将了解的是，总是涉及SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器下游和所述排气再循环导管的分支点上游的NH3浓度的测量。
优选地在将尿素水溶液供应到SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器或供应到其上游的排气管道中期间测量排气中的相应NH3浓度。当存在附加的SCR催化剂时，优选地在将尿素溶液供应到该SCR催化剂或其上游的排气管道期间也执行测量。
下面描述根据本发明的方法的另一变型。在此涉及在SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器的上游和下游输送两种尿素溶液剂量。对于其中第一尿素溶液剂量被引入到SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器上游的排气管道中并且第二尿素溶液剂量被引入到SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器下游的排气管道中的排气管道，在该方法变型中，NH3浓度以上述方式被测量并且用于决定第二尿素溶液剂量的输送何时被激活以及被激活到何种程度。SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器下游的NH3浓度越高，SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器上游的尿素溶液配给减少得越多，直到NH3浓度降到相对高的阈值以下，该阈值取决于SDPF温度并且例如可以是40ppm。当NH3浓度下降到第二更低的阈值以下时，尿素配给量随第一尿素溶液剂量增加，该第二更低的阈值取决于SDPF温度并且可以是例如10 ppm。
第二尿素溶液剂量可以根据SCR组合的颗粒过滤器下游的NOX传感器信号随其被同时引入。NOX信号越高，尿素剂量越高。
SCR催化剂下游的NOX传感器信号可以用于控制附加尿素溶液配给，以用于SCR催化剂中NH3的正确存储。
本发明还涉及一种柴油发动机，其具有布置在柴油发动机的排气管道中的SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器以及排气再循环装置，在SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器中，尿素水溶液被引入到排气流中，排气再循环装置具有在柴油颗粒过滤器下游分支的排气再循环导管，用于执行低压排气再循环。该柴油发动机的特征在于，其包括用于测量SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器下游的排气中的NH3浓度的装置和用于根据所测量的NH3浓度降低低压排气再循环率的装置。
在一个改进中，柴油发动机包括用于相应地增加高压排气再循环率的装置。
用于测量SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器下游的排气中的NH3浓度的装置可以包括例如NH3传感器。
优选的是，在排气管道中在SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器的下游布置附加的SCR催化剂。排气再循环导管从SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器和附加SCR催化剂之间的排气管道分支出来。
在另一变型中，柴油发动机具有位于SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器上游的第一尿素溶液计量装置和位于SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器下游的第二尿素溶液计量装置。
还可以具有布置在SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器下游的NOX传感器和布置在SCR催化剂下游的NOX传感器。
附图说明
下面结合附图参照两个示例性实施例详细阐述本发明。在附图中：
图1示出了第一实施例中的具有排气管道的柴油发动机的示意图；以及
图2示出了在第二实施例中的根据图1的图示。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有排气管道2的柴油发动机1的示意图。这里描述的本发明不感兴趣的柴油发动机的那些部件没有提供附图标记。
布置在排气管道2中最上游的是柴油氧化催化剂3，其可以具有常规构造。在排气管道中布置在柴油氧化催化剂3下游的是SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（SDPF） 4，其可以是具有集成的SCR催化剂的常规柴油颗粒过滤器。SCR在此代表选择性催化还原。这种SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器4如本文开头所述的那样操作，其中，在催化剂中的所供应的尿素水溶液导致排气向CO2和NH3的大量转化，并且所产生的氨还原排气中的氮氧化物（NOX）以提供氮气（N2）和水。
在排气管道中在SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器4的下游布置有以与上述相同的方式操作的SCR催化剂5。
用于尿素水溶液的储箱具有附图标记8。两个供给装置7从储箱8延伸到排气管道2，其中，供给装置7包括配给装置，该配给装置将尿素水溶液分别喷射到SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器4和SCR催化剂5上游的排气管道中。
为了减少排放，柴油发动机1还包括排气再循环装置，该排气再循环装置具有从SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器4和SCR催化剂5之间的排气管道2分支的排气再循环导管11。排气再循环导管11将一部分排气供应到柴油发动机的进气，从而引起相应的排放减少。
另外的传感器（氧传感器（lambda sensor）、NOX传感器等）被提供在排气管道中并且在图1中被示出，但是没有进行任何详细讨论，因为它们与本发明无关。
如上所述，在SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器4中，NH3被转化为N2和H2O。然而，并非所有操作模式都必须如此，因此不期望的NH3也会离开SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器4。因此，存在NH3的进入柴油颗粒过滤器4下游的排气管道的一部分可以进入排气再循环导管11并因此与柴油发动机的进气混合的危险。在低压排气再循环模式中情况如此。
为了在很大程度上防止这种情况，在排气管道2中在SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器4的下游和排气再循环导管11的分支点的上游设置NH3传感器6，其测量SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器4下游的排气中的NH3浓度。当所测量的NH3浓度超过阈值时，设置有相应传感器信号的控制装置（未示出）根据所测量的NH3浓度来降低低压排气再循环率，例如通过逐渐关闭阀装置（未示出）来降低低压排气再循环率。这防止了传送通过SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器4的NH3与再循环排气混合。
此外，由NH3传感器6测量的NH3浓度用于决定第二尿素溶液剂量的输送何时被激活以及激活到何种程度。该第二尿素溶液剂量经由在图1中右手侧示出的在SCR催化剂5上游的第二供给装置7注入到排气流中。SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器下游的NH3浓度越高，SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器上游的尿素溶液配给就减少得越多，直到NH3浓度降到例如40 ppm的相对高的阈值以下。然后当NH3低于例如为10 ppm的第二低阈值时，第一尿素溶液供给装置可以反过来增加尿素配给量。
图2示出了本发明的如下实施例，其中NH3浓度同样在SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器4的下游被测量。然而，这里浓度测量不是借助于NH3传感器实现的，而是借助于SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器4下游的NOX传感器10和SCR催化剂5下游的NOX传感器10实现的。
还应注意的是，SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器4和SCR催化剂5均设置有天线传感器9。

Claims (15)

1.一种操作柴油发动机（1）的方法，所述柴油发动机具有布置在所述柴油发动机（1）的排气管道（2）中的SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）以及排气再循环装置，在所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器中，尿素水溶液被引入所述排气管道（2）中，所述排气再循环装置具有在所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）的下游分支的排气再循环导管（11），以用于执行低压排气再循环，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-测量所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）下游和所述排气再循环导管（11）上游的排气中的NH3浓度；以及
-在超过所测量的NH3浓度的阈值时，根据所测量的NH3浓度来降低低压排气再循环率；
-将第一尿素溶液剂量引入所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）上游的排气管道（2）中；
-将第二尿素溶液剂量引入所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）下游和所述排气再循环导管下游的排气管道（2）中；以及
-使用所测量的NH3浓度来决定所述第二尿素溶液剂量的输送何时被激活以及被激活到何种程度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述柴油发动机（1）的高压排气再循环率相应地增加。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，使用NH3传感器（6）进行所述排气中所述NH3浓度的测量。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，通过执行对布置在所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）下游的所述排气管道（2）中的SCR催化剂（5）的存储确定、结合来自布置在所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）下游的NOX传感器（10）的测量，来测量所述排气中的NH3浓度。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，通过在所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）下游和所述SCR催化剂（5）下游利用NOX传感器（10）执行测量，来测量排气中的NH3浓度。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在将所述尿素水溶液供应至所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）或其上游的所述排气管道期间，测量所述排气中的NH3浓度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，减少所述第一尿素溶液剂量的输送，直到所述NH3浓度低于第一相对高的阈值。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述NH3浓度低于第二相对低的阈值时，则尿素配给量随所述第一尿素溶液剂量而增加。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）的下游的NOX传感器信号，引入所述第二尿素溶液剂量。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述SCR催化剂（5）下游的NOX传感器信号用于控制附加尿素溶液配给，以用于NH3在所述SCR催化剂（5）中的正确存储。
11.一种柴油发动机（1），所述柴油发动机具有布置在所述柴油发动机（1）的排气管道（2）中的SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）以及排气再循环装置，在所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器中，尿素水溶液被引入所述排气管道（2）中，所述排气再循环装置具有在所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）的下游分支的排气再循环导管（11），以用于执行低压排气再循环，其特征在于，所述柴油发动机包括
-用于测量所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）的下游和所述排气再循环导管（11）上游的排气中的NH3浓度的装置
-用于根据所测量的NH3浓度来减小低压排气再循环率的装置
-用于将第一尿素溶液剂量引入所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）上游的排气管道（2）中的装置
-用于将第二尿素溶液剂量引入所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）下游和所述排气再循环导管下游的排气管道（2）中的装置；以及
-用于使用所测量的NH3浓度来决定所述第二尿素溶液剂量的输送何时被激活以及被激活到何种程度的装置。
12.根据权利要求11所述的柴油发动机，其特征在于，所述柴油发动机包括用于相应地增加高压排气再循环率的装置。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的柴油发动机，其特征在于，用于测量所述NH3浓度的装置包括NH3传感器（6）。
14.根据权利要求11所述的柴油发动机，其特征在于，SCR催化剂（5）在所述排气管道（2）中布置在所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）的下游。
15.根据权利要求11所述的柴油发动机，其特征在于，所述柴油发动机在所述SCR组合的柴油颗粒过滤器（4）的下游和所述SCR催化剂（5）的下游具有NOX传感器（10）。
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CN106907220A (zh) * 2015-12-22 2017-06-30 福特环球技术公司 将还原剂引入到排气通道中的方法和系统
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KR102342937B1 (ko) 2021-12-24
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CN111226027A (zh) 2020-06-02
US11168599B2 (en) 2021-11-09

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