CN111263848B - 用于操作柴油发动机的废气后处理系统的方法和废气后处理系统 - Google Patents

用于操作柴油发动机的废气后处理系统的方法和废气后处理系统 Download PDF

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CN111263848B
CN111263848B CN201880064936.7A CN201880064936A CN111263848B CN 111263848 B CN111263848 B CN 111263848B CN 201880064936 A CN201880064936 A CN 201880064936A CN 111263848 B CN111263848 B CN 111263848B
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CN111263848A (zh
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张宏
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
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    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
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    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于操作柴油发动机的废气后处理系统的方法以及相关联的废气后处理系统。该系统具有在SCR催化转化器的上游和下游的两个NOx传感器。在SCR催化转化器的下游的NOx传感器被用于将来自传感器的测得的NOx信息分为在SCR催化转化器的上游的NOx值和NH3值。使用这种简单的方法，能够精确且鲁棒地实施SCR催化器控制与诊断。

Description

用于操作柴油发动机的废气后处理系统的方法和废气后处理 系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于操作柴油发动机的废气后处理系统的方法，该废气后处理系统在废气管线中具有SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器以及在废气管线中在SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器下游的SCR催化器，其中，尿素水溶液在SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器上游被喷射到废气管线中。
背景技术
一般已知的是，来自柴油发动机的排放的极限值正不断降低，其中，这不仅涉及测试台上的对应值，而且还涉及实际行驶循环中的那些对应值。因此，获得尽可能多的信息以便能够对废气后处理系统执行仔细的诊断与控制是非常重要的。
在柴油发动机的废气后处理系统中，先前，柴油机氧化催化器（DOC）设置有在废气管线中在其下游的柴油机颗粒过滤器。尿素水溶液在该柴油机颗粒过滤器下游被喷射到废气管线中。SCR催化器（选择性催化还原催化器）布置在对应的喷射点下游，以便以这种方式减少废气中具体地NOx比例。两个NOx传感器布置在柴油机氧化催化器上游和SCR催化器下游，其中，SCR催化器下游的NOx传感器被用于调整SCR催化器中的NH3的载荷模型，以便确保实际的SCR载荷对应于相应的标称值。
然而，最近，已在这样的废气后处理系统中使用两个SCR催化器。一个这样的SCR催化器在此与对应的柴油机颗粒过滤器组合并且例如具有对应的SCR涂层。因此，这样的SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器（SCRF）满足了两个目标：选择性催化还原和颗粒过滤。
在这样的布置的情况下，第二SCR催化器在这样的SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器下游布置在废气管线中。在SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器上游喷射尿素水溶液。
发明内容
本发明涉及这样的废气后处理系统，其具有SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器（SDPF）和下游的SCR催化器的组合。根据本发明，获得与这样的组合系统有关的对应信息，以便能够以特别精确且鲁棒的方式诊断与控制所述系统。
因此，本发明基于提供最初所描述的类型的方法的目的，该方法允许特别精确的排放物后处理。
根据本发明通过指定类型的方法实现该目的，其中所述方法包括以下步骤：
- 借助于NOx传感器测量SCR催化器的下游的NOx浓度；
- 借助于NOx传感器测量SCR催化器的上游的NOx浓度；
- 如果在SCR催化器的下游测得的NOx浓度和在SCR催化器的上游测得的NOx浓度之间的比率大于第一阈值并且在SCR催化器的上游测得的NOx浓度和在SCR催化器的下游测得的NOx浓度之间的差异大于第二阈值，则将在SCR催化器的上游测得的NOx浓度识别为NH3浓度；以及
- 减少所喷射的尿素水溶液，直到不再满足上述条件为止。
利用根据本发明的方法，因此，在SCR催化器的下游的NOx传感器被用于将由在SCR催化器的上游的NOx传感器测得的NOx信息分为NOx值和NH3值。以这种方式，获得关于在SCR催化器的上游的废气中的NH3比例的信息，该信息关于所喷射的尿素水溶液被使用，其中，减少所喷射的尿素水溶液的供应直到不再满足根据本发明强加的条件为止。因此，提供了一种用于从测得的NOx传感器信号中分离对应的NOx/NH3信息的方法，该方法能够以简单的方式实施，并且允许对包括SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器和SCR催化器的废气后处理系统进行精确且鲁棒的控制与诊断。
第一阈值可例如达到1，并且第二阈值可例如达到40 ppm。使用以下公式，能够从借助于在SCR催化器的下游的NOx传感器测得的NOx浓度NOx _a_SCR_Sensor来计算在SCR催化器的下游的NH3浓度（NH3_a_SCR）：
NH3_a_SCR = NOx_a_SCR_Sensor/Factor_NH3
Factor_NH3是与NOx测量值相比NOx传感器的NH3测量值的灵敏度因子。它例如达到1.1，因为与NOx值相比，NH3具有更高的扩散常数且因此具有更高的值。
如果不满足上文提到的条件（测得的NOx浓度之间的比率和测得的NOx浓度之间的差异），则优选地由在SCR催化器的下游的NOx传感器测得的NOx浓度等同于由在SCR催化器的上游的NOx传感器测得的NOx浓度，并据此确定在SCR催化器的上游的NH3浓度。因此，能够如下确定在SCR催化器的上游的NH3浓度：
NOx_b_SCR = NOx_a_SCR_Sensor
NH3_b_SCR = (NOx_b_SCR_Sensor – NOx_b_SCR)/Factor_NH3
其中：
NOx_b_SCR = 在SCR催化器的上游确定的NOx浓度
NH3_b_SCR = 在SCR催化器的上游所确定的NH3浓度
NOx_b_SCR_Sensor =借助于在SCR催化器的上游的NOx传感器测得的NOx浓度
NOx_a_SCR_Sensor =借助于在SCR催化器的下游的NOx传感器测得的NOx浓度
Factor_NH3 =与NOx测量值相比NOx传感器的NH3测量值的灵敏度因子。
（例如为1.1，因为与NOx信号相比，NH3具有更高的扩散常数且因此具有更高的测量值）。
然后，能够将以上文提到的方式确定的关于在SCR催化器的上游和下游的NOx浓度和NH3浓度的信息与通过SCRF和SCR载荷模型计算的在SCR催化器的上游和下游的NOx模型值和NH3模型值相比较，并且如果偏差大于阈值，则能够相应地调整这些模型值，以便将模型值调整为从NOx传感器信息获得的值。
此外，如果实际SCRF和SCR载荷接近标称载荷，则可执行SCRF/SCR效率诊断。在此，例如，可取决于载荷来应用OBD（车载诊断）阈值。以这种方式，能够鲁棒地进行OBD诊断。
利用根据本发明的方法，此外，第三NOx传感器可布置在SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器（SDPF）的上游。
此外，本发明涉及一种柴油发动机的废气后处理系统，该废气后处理系统在废气管线中具有SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器以及在废气管线中在SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器下游的SCR催化器，其中，尿素水溶液在SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器的上游被喷射到废气管线中。废气后处理系统的特征在于，它在废气管线中具有在SCR催化器的上游的第一NOx传感器以及在废气管线中在SCR催化器的下游的第二NOx传感器。利用NOx传感器的这种组合，能够实施上文所描述的方法。
优选地，废气后处理系统具有用于仅在SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器的上游将尿素水溶液供应到废气管线中的装置。
在本发明的变型中，在废气管线中在SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器的上游设置第三NOx传感器。此外，利用该系统，柴油机氧化催化器（DOC）可在SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器的上游布置在废气管线中。
附图说明
下文将参考结合附图的示例性实施例来详细地解释本发明。附图示出：
图1是废气后处理系统的示意性图示；以及
图2是示出在废气后处理系统中的不同点处的各种NOx、NH3和温度值随时间而变化的图。
具体实施方式
图1中图解地描绘的柴油发动机的废气后处理系统具有废气管线1，来自发动机的废气通过该废气管线1从图中的左边流到右边。在发动机旁边，柴油机氧化催化器2被设置在废气管线中，下游继之以SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器3。用于尿素水溶液（其被设置在合适的罐5中）的喷射点6位于柴油机氧化催化器2和SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器3之间。SCR催化器4被设置在SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器3下游。对应的催化器和颗粒过滤器一般是已知的，因此此时无需进一步描述其细节。而且，最初解释了这些部件的对应功能。
相应的NOx传感器8、7在SCR催化器4的上游和下游布置在废气管线中。另一任选的NOx传感器9在SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器3的上游布置在废气管线中。
如最初所解释的那样，通过在SCR催化器4的上游和下游的两个NOx传感器8、7的布置确定废气中的各种NOx浓度值。具体地，在SCR催化器的下游的NOx传感器被用于将在SCR催化器的上游测得的NOx信息分为NOx值和NH3值。然后，例如，根据结果来控制尿素水溶液的计量供应。
总体地，确定在SCR催化器的上游和下游的NOx浓度和NH3浓度，并且将所述NOx浓度和NH3浓度与对应的载荷模型相比较，其中，如果偏差很大，则执行调整。
图2示出了对应的NH3、NOx和温度值随时间而变的图，其中，该图指示了这些值的起源。此外，该图指示了对应的NH3值。相应的曲线带有对应测量点的编号。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于操作柴油发动机的废气后处理系统的方法，所述废气后处理系统在废气管线（1）中具有SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器（2），以及在所述SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器（2）的下游在所述废气管线（1）中具有SCR催化器（4），其中，尿素水溶液在所述SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器（3）的上游被喷射到所述废气管线（1）中，所述方法具有以下步骤：
- 借助于NOx传感器（7）测量在所述SCR催化器（4）的下游的NOx浓度；
- 借助于NOx传感器（8）测量在所述SCR催化器（4）的上游的NOx浓度；
- 如果在所述SCR催化器（4）的下游测得的NOx浓度和在所述SCR催化器（4）的上游测得的NOx浓度之间的比率大于第一阈值，并且在所述SCR催化器（4）的上游测得的NOx浓度和在所述SCR催化器（4）的下游测得的NOx浓度之间的差异大于第二阈值，则将在所述SCR催化器（4）的上游测得的NOx浓度识别为NH3浓度；以及
- 减少所喷射的尿素水溶液，直到不再满足上述条件为止。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，如果不满足权利要求1中给出的条件，则由在所述SCR催化器（4）的下游的NOx传感器（7）测得的NOx浓度等同于由在所述SCR催化器（4）的上游的NOx传感器（8）测得的NOx浓度，并据此确定在所述SCR催化器（4）的上游的NH3浓度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，将通过在所述SCR催化器（4）的上游和下游的NOx传感器测量值确定的NOx浓度和NH3浓度与通过SCRF和SCR载荷模型计算的在所述SCR催化器（4）的上游和下游的NOx模型值和NH3模型值相比较，并且如果偏差大于阈值，则相应地调整这些模型值，以便将所述模型值调整为从NOx传感器信息获得的值。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，如果实际SCRF和SCR载荷接近标称载荷，则执行SCRF/SCR效率诊断。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，取决于载荷来设定OBD诊断阈值。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，第三NOx传感器（9）布置在所述SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器（3）的上游。
7.一种柴油发动机的废气后处理系统，所述废气后处理系统在废气管线（1）中具有SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器（3），以及在所述SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器（3）的下游在所述废气管线（1）中具有SCR催化器（4），其中，尿素水溶液在所述SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器（3）的上游被喷射到所述废气管线（1）中，所述废气后处理系统的特征在于，其在所述SCR催化器（4）的上游在所述废气管线（1）中具有第一NOx传感器（8），所述第一NOx传感器（8）测量在所述SCR催化器（4）的上游的NOx浓度，以及在所述SCR催化器（4）的下游在所述废气管线（1）中具有第二NOx传感器（7），所述第二NOx传感器（7）测量在所述SCR催化器（4）的下游的NOx浓度；
如果在所述SCR催化器（4）的下游测得的NOx浓度和在所述SCR催化器（4）的上游测得的NOx浓度之间的比率大于第一阈值，并且在所述SCR催化器（4）的上游测得的NOx浓度和在所述SCR催化器（4）的下游测得的NOx浓度之间的差异大于第二阈值，则将在所述SCR催化器（4）的上游测得的NOx浓度识别为NH3浓度，并且
减少所喷射的尿素水溶液，直到不再满足上述条件为止。
8.根据权利要求7所述的废气后处理系统，其特征在于，其具有用于仅在所述SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器（3）的上游将尿素水溶液供应到所述废气管线（1）中的装置。
9.根据权利要求7所述的废气后处理系统，其特征在于，其在所述SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器（3）的上游在所述废气管线（1）中具有第三NOx传感器（9）。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的废气后处理系统，其特征在于，柴油机氧化催化器（2）在所述SCR组合式柴油机颗粒过滤器（3）上游布置在所述废气管线（1）中。
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