CN108778611A - 燃料元件套管和塞之间的焊接接头 - Google Patents

燃料元件套管和塞之间的焊接接头 Download PDF

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CN108778611A
CN108778611A CN201680079426.8A CN201680079426A CN108778611A CN 108778611 A CN108778611 A CN 108778611A CN 201680079426 A CN201680079426 A CN 201680079426A CN 108778611 A CN108778611 A CN 108778611A
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N·S·格里亚诺夫
O·A·克鲁格洛夫
V·P·斯米尔诺夫
Y·V·索罗金
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Abstract

本发明涉及核能，并且可以用于制造核反应堆的燃料元件。提出了由高铬钢构成的燃料元件套管和塞之间的焊接接头的实施例，由于在套管和塞之间形成了高质量的焊接接头而无需对焊缝进行后续热处理，其提高了核反应堆燃料元件的密封的耐久性，且简化了制造工艺。这是通过在各种组合中调整铁素体‑马氏体和铁素体钢的套管和塞之间的接头结构并将尺寸比例的必要范围保持为确保形成前述相来实现的。

Description

燃料元件套管和塞之间的焊接接头
本发明涉及核能，并且可以用于制造用于动力反应堆的燃料元件。
燃料元件的运行耐久性很大程度上取决于焊接接头的质量。目前，具有由高铬铁素体-马氏体钢制成的套管的快中子反应堆的燃料元件通过使用非消耗性钨电极的氩弧焊接(AW)方法来进行密封。
已知的焊接接头由套管和塞构成，并且具有布置在塞上的溶化性肩部的对接工具接头(参见Ph.G.Reshetnikov编辑的“动力反应堆的燃料元件的开发、生产和操作”，第2卷，Energatomizdat，1995，第185-186页，表20.1a)。这些焊接接头使用相同等级的材料，包括高铬铁素体-马氏体钢。在俄罗斯工业标准OST 95 503-2006中定义了焊接接头的要求。
高铬铁素体-马氏体钢焊接所固有的主要缺点是这些钢在完成焊接后的一定时间段后易于形成淬火结构和冷裂纹。
为了生产这种钢的高质量焊接接头，需要额外的焊接接头回火操作，该操作在740-760℃下进行20-30分钟，使焊接操作和随后的回火之间的时间间隔尽可能短。执行这种焊后回火操作增加了燃料元件制造技术的成本和复杂性，特别是当对用于密封装载有燃料的燃料元件的焊缝进行回火时。
本发明的技术效果为：通过在不对焊缝进行后续热处理的情况下在套管和塞之间提供高质量的焊接接头来提供核反应堆燃料元件与由高铬钢制成的套管的密封耐久性，且简化了制造过程。
该技术效果由燃料元件套管和塞之间的焊接接头提供，所述燃料元件套管和塞两者均由高铬钢制成并通过氩弧焊接方法连接，其中所述套管由铁素体-马氏体钢制成，所述塞由铁素体钢制成，并且其中根据以下比例来选择所述套管和塞的参数：
δ≤a≤2δ
δ≤b≤1.5δ，
其中：a是塞肩宽度，
b是穿透深度，
δ是套管厚度。
该技术效果由燃料元件套管和塞之间的焊接接头提供，所述燃料元件套管和塞两者均由高铬钢制成并通过氩弧焊接方法连接，其中所述套管为双金属套管，其具有由铁素体钢制成的外层和由铁素体-马氏体钢制成的内层，所述外层和内层的厚度比为1：1或1：2；所述塞由铁素体-马氏体钢制成，并且其中根据以下比例来选择所述套管和塞的参数：
δ1≤a≤1.5δ1
(δ1+δ2)≤b≤1.2(δ1+δ2),
其中：а是塞肩宽度，
b是穿透深度，
δ1是双金属套管的外层厚度，
δ2是双金属套管的内层厚度。
该技术效果由燃料元件套管和塞之间的焊接接头提供，所述燃料元件套管和塞两者均由高铬钢制成并通过氩弧焊接方法连接，其中所述套管由铁素体-马氏体钢制成并且所述塞是双金属塞，其具有由铁素体钢制成的外层和由铁素体-马氏体钢制成的内层，并且其中根据以下比例选择所述套管和塞的参数：
δ1≤а≤2δ1
0.2δ≤δ1≤0.5δ
(δ+0.2δ1)≤b≤(δ+0.5δ1)
其中：а是塞肩宽度，
b是穿透深度，
δ是套管厚度，
δ1是双金属塞的外层厚度。
该技术效果由燃料元件套管和塞之间的焊接接头提供，所述燃料元件套管和塞两者均由高铬钢制成并通过氩弧焊接方法连接，其中所述套管和塞由高铬铁素体-马氏体钢制成，并且在所述套管与塞之间存在铁素体钢环，其参数根据以下比例来选择：
0.8δ≤a≤δ
δ≤b≤1.2δ
а≤c≤2a,
其中：а是塞肩宽度，
b是穿透深度，
с是环厚度，
δ是套管厚度。
为了形成焊接接头，使用如下连接方案：其中改变均由高铬铁素体和铁素体-马氏体钢制成的套管和塞的相对位置，导致在焊缝的金属中形成铁素体相，从而省去后续的焊缝热处理阶段(见G.A.Nikolaev等人编辑的书：“机械工程中的焊接：参考手册。第4卷”(Moscow.Mashinostroenie，1978年--第2卷)/由AI Akulova编辑，第179-183页)。由此，简化了核反应堆燃料元件的制造过程。
选择这些参数如塞肩宽度、套管厚度(包括使用双金属时)、环厚度和穿透深度的比例范围作为在焊接接缝的金属中获得铁素体相的必要条件。
图1示出了焊接接头结构的一个实施例，其包括由铁素体-马氏体钢制成的套管1和由铁素体钢制成的塞2。
为了在根据焊接接头结构的该实施例的焊缝金属中获得铁素体相，需要采用根据以下比例选择的参数：
δ≤a≤2δ
δ≤b≤1.2δ
其中：а是塞肩宽度，
b是穿透深度，
δ是套管厚度。
图2示出了焊接接头结构的另一个实施例，其包括双金属套管1、由铁素体钢制成的外层3、由铁素体-马氏体钢制成的内层4和由铁素体-马氏体钢制成的塞2。
为了在根据焊接接头结构的该实施例的焊缝金属中获得铁素体相，需要采用根据以下比例选择的参数：
δ1≤a≤1.5δ1
(δ1+δ2)≤b≤1.2(δ1+δ2),
其中：a是塞肩宽度，
b是穿透深度，
δ1是双金属套管的外层厚度，
δ2是双金属套管的内层厚度。
图3示出了焊接接头结构的另一个实施例，其包括由铁素体-马氏体钢制成的套管1和双金属塞2，双金属塞2的由铁素体钢构成的外层5，并且双金属塞2的由铁素体-马氏体钢构成的内层。
为了在焊接接头结构的这个实施例的焊缝金属中获得铁素体相，需要采用根据下列比例选择的参数：
δ1≤a≤2δ1
0.2δ≤δ1≤0.5δ
(δ+0.2δ1)≤b≤(δ+0.5δ1),
其中：a是塞肩宽度，
b是穿透深度，
δ是套管厚度，
δ1是双金属塞的外层厚度。
图4示出了焊接接头结构的另一实施例，该焊接接头结构包括由铁素体-马氏体钢制成的套管1和塞2以及由铁素体钢制成并且放置在焊接接头区域中套管和塞之间的环7。
为了在焊接接头结构的该实施例的焊缝金属中获得铁素体相，需要采用根据下列比例选择的参数：
0.8δ≤a≤δ
δ≤b≤1.2δ
a≤c≤2a
其中:а是塞肩宽度，
b是穿透深度，
c是环厚度，
δ是套管厚度。
在开发焊接接头并计算其基本结构参数如塞肩宽度、套管壁厚和穿透深度时，已经考虑了以下技术特性：
-套管厚度为0.4至0.5毫米，
-肩宽度为0.2至1毫米，
-穿透深度不小于套管厚度且不大于套管厚度的1.2倍，
-电极轴在套管和塞之间的对接区域处的位置。
在根据本发明的结构中提供具有焊缝金属的预定相组成的焊接接头的期望质量的焊接模式如下：
焊接电流为14-20A，
焊接速度为12-15米/小时，
电弧电压为9-10V，
氩气流量为7-8升/分钟。
实施例1
燃料元件套管由铁素体-马氏体钢ЭП-823(16Cr12MoWSiVNbB)制成，套管直径为9.3毫米且壁厚为0.5毫米，塞由铁素体钢05Х18С2ВФАЮ(05Cr18Si2WVNAl)(俄罗斯专利RU 2238345“用作铅冷却剂核反应堆的核心燃料元件的钢”/Velyuhanov V.P.，Zelenskiy G.K.，Ioltuhovskiy A.G.，Leontieva Smirnova M.V.，Mitin V.S.，SokolovN.B.，Rusanov A.E.，Rusanov A.E.；申请人和专利持有人-原子能联邦机构代表的俄罗斯联邦，SSC VNINNM.；公开日：2004年10月20日)制成，塞中的肩部宽度为0.8毫米且肩部直径对应于套管直径(见图1)。
用以下参数根据AW方法密封燃料元件：
焊接电流15A，
焊接速度14米/小时，
电弧电压9V，
氩气速率8升/分钟。
实施例2
燃料元件套管是0.5毫米厚的双金属套管，其外层由钢05Х18С2МВФАЮ
(05Cr18Si2MoWVNAl)制成，内层由钢ЭП-823(16Cr12MoWSiVNbB)制成，其中厚度比例为1：2。塞由ЭП-823(16Cr12MoWSiVNbB)钢制成，肩部宽度为0.8毫米(见图2)。
采用与实施例1相同的参数将套管和塞焊接在一起。
实施例3
燃料元件套管由厚度为0.5毫米的钢ЭП-823(16Cr12MoWSiVNbB)3制成，双金属塞的外层由钢05Х18С2МВФАЮ(05Cr18Si2MoWVNAl)制成，并且双金属塞的内层由钢ЭП-823(16Cr12MoWSiVNbB)制成(见图3)。由钢05Х18С2МВФАЮ(05Cr18Si2MoWVNAl)制成的塞外层在焊接区域中的厚度为0.2毫米。按照与实施例1相同的参数将套管和塞焊接在一起。
实施例4
套管和塞由钢ЭП-823(16Cr12MoWSiVNbB)制成。套管厚度为0.4毫米且塞肩厚度为0.45毫米。将厚度为0.75毫米且由钢05Х18С2МВФАЮ(05Cr18Si2MoWVNAl)制成的环放置在塞肩部和套管之间(见图4)。焊接方式与实施例1相同。
根据上述技术，制造了燃料元件模拟器。
根据图1-4中所示的各实施例且基于所选择工艺参数的焊接接头的金相研究已经表明，在焊接接头的所有实施例中，在焊缝的金属中均产生了铁素体相。
表1示出了根据本发明的接头结构的实施例的焊接接头的机械特性。
机械强度测试已经表明，在燃料元件模拟器的套管上出现了样品破裂。
对焊接接头在铅冷却液中进行了4000小时的腐蚀测试。已经发现，焊接接头的耐腐蚀性保持在燃料套管的耐腐蚀性水平。
表1-焊接接头的机械特性
在室温下通过质谱方法使用氦泄漏检测器进行的焊接接头的耐泄漏性试验已经表明，所有接头都是密封的。
在由高铬钢制成的套管和塞之间的焊接接头实施例的使用将改善它们的质量并且将显著简化制造过程。

Claims (4)

1.一种在燃料元件套管和塞之间的焊接接头，所述燃料元件套管和塞两者均由高铬钢构成并通过氩弧焊接彼此耦接，其特征在于所述套管由铁素体-马氏体钢构成，所述塞由铁素体钢构成，其中所述套管和塞具有根据以下比例选择的特性：
δ≤a≤2δ
δ≤b≤1.5δ，
其中：a是塞肩宽度，
b是穿透深度，以及
δ是套管厚度。
2.一种在燃料元件套管和塞之间的焊接接头，所述燃料元件套管和塞两者均由高铬钢构成并通过氩弧焊接彼此耦接，其特征在于所述套管为双金属套管，其具有由铁素体钢构成的外层和由铁素体-马氏体钢构成的内层，所述外层和内层的厚度比为1：1或1：2；所述塞由铁素体-马氏体钢构成，其中所述套管和塞具有根据以下比例选择的特性：
δ1≤a≤1.5δ1
(δ1+δ2)≤b≤1.2(δ1+δ2),
其中：а是塞肩宽度，
b是穿透深度，
δ1是所述双金属套管的外层厚度，以及
δ2是所述双金属套管的内层厚度。
3.一种在燃料元件套管和塞之间的焊接接头，所述燃料元件套管和塞两者均由高铬钢制成并通过氩弧焊接彼此耦接，其特征在于所述套管由铁素体-马氏体钢构成并且所述塞是双金属塞，所述双金属塞具有由铁素体钢构成的外层和由铁素体-马氏体钢构成的内层，其中所述套管和塞具有根据以下比例选择的特性：
δ1≤а≤2δ1
0.2δ≤δ1≤0.5δ
(δ+0.2δ1)≤b≤(δ+0.5δ1)
其中：а是塞肩宽度，
b是穿透深度，
δ是套管厚度，以及
δ1是所述双金属塞的外层厚度。
4.一种在燃料元件套管和塞之间的焊接接头，所述燃料元件套管和塞两者均由高铬钢构成并通过氩弧焊接彼此耦接，其特征在于所述套管和塞由高铬铁素体-马氏体钢构成，并且在所述套管与塞之间放置有铁素体钢环，其中所述套管和塞具有根据以下比例选择的特性：
0.8δ≤a≤δ
δ≤b≤1.2δ
а≤c≤2a,
其中：а是塞肩宽度，
b是穿透深度，
с是环厚度，以及
δ是套管厚度。
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