CN108751575A - 一种生化垃圾渗滤液处理工艺 - Google Patents
一种生化垃圾渗滤液处理工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了生化垃圾渗滤液处理工艺，采用电化学氧化的方式去除水体中的氨氮，通过研发复合型电解质，配合针对性设计的电极，能够在较低电压条件下，有效去除水体中的氨态氮，提高了氨氮的去除效果，降低了运行能耗。本装置的催化臭氧氧化相较于单纯臭氧氧化，其COD去除率更高，接触反应时间更短，同时本装置催化臭氧氧化反应罐内加入自主研发的非均相分散型催化臭氧化催化剂，能够在待处理液体中均匀分散，与臭氧分子充分接触，促进氧自由基和羟基自由基的转化生成，使得臭氧在溶液中发挥更强的氧化能力，将难降解有机物分解或转化成更易去除的小分子或矿化，降低COD值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及废水处理领域。涉及一种生化垃圾渗滤液处理工艺。
背景技术
垃圾渗滤液是指来源于垃圾填埋场中垃圾本身含有的水分、进入填埋场的雨雪水及其他水分，扣除垃圾、覆土层的饱和持水量，并经历垃圾层和覆土层而形成的一种高浓度的有机废水。其特点为：水质成分复杂，COD和BOD浓度高，氨氮浓度高，有机物种类多等特点。基于以上特点，垃圾渗滤液的处理需要多种技术手段相结合的方式以期达到新的排放标准的要求。常见的去除氨氮的技术为脱氨塔，硝化反硝化脱氨生物膜和电解等，但是脱氨塔对氨氮的分离排放处理存在二次污染的风险，硝化反硝化脱氨生物膜中的微生物菌群代谢可能受到水质变化的影响较大，进而影响处理效率，而常用的电极方式因其电解质单一，电解能耗较大，使用范围也受到了一定的限制。常见的深度氧化去除COD的技术方法有芬顿法，臭氧氧化法，前者需要强酸的反应条件对设备材质要求较高，同时会产生较多的物化污泥，提高处理成本。通常的臭氧氧化法因其处理效率有限，相对能耗较高，使用也受到一定限制。经过适当的预处理之后，进行生化处理，也是垃圾渗滤液处理技术方法中的一种，但是传统的活性污泥微生物菌剂，可能存在抗冲击性不足或代谢效率不高的情况，导致处理后的出水达不到新的排放标准。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种生化垃圾渗滤液处理工艺，以解决现有技术中导致的上述多项缺陷。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供以下的技术方案：一种生化垃圾渗滤液处理工艺，包括以下步骤，
1)pH调节单元，垃圾渗滤液首先进入pH调节池，将pH调节至8-9；
2)过滤单元，滤去大部分固体颗粒；
3)混凝单元，进入混凝池，加入混凝剂，混匀沉淀，在混凝池中去除部分COD物质和大部分大分子不溶物；
4)电解单元，进入电解槽进行电解，在电解槽内利用钛合金电极和复合电解质对水体进行电解反应；
5)臭氧催化氧化单元，通过溶气泵将臭氧气体和电解后水体的混合物，用泵同时打入进入催化臭氧氧化反应罐，经过催化臭氧氧化处理，水体中的难降解有机物分解或转化成小分子或矿化，同时能够去除重金属离子等对微生物有毒有害的物质；
6)SABR生化单元，生化反应池为SABR型反应池，每个池内设置反应区和沉淀区，池与池之间用管道进行串联，从一反应池溢流至另一个反应池。
优选的，所述步骤2)中，进入精滤罐，通过精滤罐内部的填料，滤去大部分固体颗粒。
优选的，所述步骤3)中，混凝剂为聚合氯化铝。
优选的，所述步骤4)中，复合电解质为工业氯化钠，氢氧化钠，次氯酸钠和盐酸。
优选的，所述电解槽出水加入催化剂。
优选的，所述步骤6)中，反应池内为活性污泥。水体中的有机物经过生化池处理后，出水COD进一步降低，生化处理后的出水进入终沉池。
采用以上技术方案的有益效果是：本发明采用电化学氧化的方式去除水体中的氨氮，通过研发复合型电解质，配合针对性设计的电极，能够在较低电压条件下，有效去除水体中的氨态氮，提高了氨氮的去除效果，降低了运行能耗。本装置的催化臭氧氧化相较于单纯臭氧氧化，其COD去除率更高，接触反应时间更短。
具体实施方式
下面详细说明本发明的优选实施方式。
本发明的具体实施方式：垃圾渗滤液首先进入pH调节池，将pH调节至合适的pH＝8-9，调节后的水体进入精滤罐，通过精滤罐内部的填料，滤去大部分固体颗粒。由精滤罐处理后的水体进入混凝池，加入混凝剂-聚合氯化铝，混匀沉淀。在混凝池中可以去除部分COD物质和大部分大分子不溶物。处理后的出水进入电解槽进行电解，在电解槽内利用钛合金电极和复合电解质(工业氯化钠，氢氧化钠，次氯酸钠和盐酸)对水体进行电解反应。经过电解处理能够去除90％以上的氨氮。电解槽出水加入催化剂，通过溶气泵将臭氧气体和水体的混合物用泵同时打入进入催化臭氧氧化反应罐，经过催化臭氧氧化处理，水体中的难降解有机物分解或转化成更易去除的小分子或矿化，同时能够去除，重金属离子等对微生物有毒有害的物质。COD值降低70％以上。出水进入生化反应池。生化反应池为SABR型反应池，每个池内设置反应区和沉淀区，池与池之间用管道进行串联，从一反应池溢流至另一个反应池。反应池内为活性污泥。水体中的有机物经过生化池处理后，出水COD进一步降低。生化处理后的出水进入终沉池。
其中，催化剂包含有类水滑石，金属离子，及氧化引发剂；类水滑石为：镁铝二元水滑石，钙锌铝三元水滑石，钙镁锌铝四元水滑石中的一种或几种；金属催化剂为：镍，铁，钴及其盐和氧化物中的一种或几种；引发剂为：高铁酸钾，过氧化钠，过碳酸钙的一种或几种。
按照废水体积，依次按比例加入100-500ppm水滑石，10-1000ppb金属粉末，加入后立即在臭氧氧化反应器内混匀，开启臭氧发生器，通入臭氧后加入0.1-10ppm引发剂，进行催化臭氧氧化处理。
进一步补充：
工艺流程一：
垃圾渗滤液→pH调节单元→过滤单元→混凝单元→电解单元(复合电解质)→臭氧催化氧化单元→三级SABR生化单元→出水。
垃圾渗滤液依次进入pH调节单元，过滤单元，电解单元，臭氧催化氧化单元，三级SABR生化单元，出水。总体处理效果，COD下降率﹥95％，氨氮下降率﹥98％。
工艺流程二：
垃圾渗滤液→pH调节单元→过滤单元→混凝单元→电解单元(复合电解质)→三级SABR生化单元→臭氧催化氧化单元→出水。
垃圾渗滤液依次进入pH调节单元，过滤单元，电解单元，三级SABR生化单元，臭氧催化氧化单元，出水。总体处理效果，COD下降率﹥95％，氨氮下降率﹥98％。
工艺流程三：
垃圾渗滤液→pH调节单元→过滤单元→混凝单元→三级SABR生化单元→电解单元(复合电解质)→臭氧催化氧化单元→出水。
垃圾渗滤液依次进入pH调节单元，过滤单元，三级SABR单元，电解单元，臭氧催化氧化单元，出水。总体处理效果，COD下降率﹥95％，氨氮下降率﹥98％。
垃圾渗滤液具有高氨氮，高COD的特点，传统的脱氨氮多采用脱氨塔的形式，只是将水体中的氨态氮分离出来，需要进一步回收处理，存在一定的二次污染。本装置采用电化学氧化的方式去除水体中的氨氮，通过研发复合型电解质，配合针对性设计的电极，能够在较低电压条件下，有效去除水体中的氨态氮，提高了氨氮的去除效果，降低了运行能耗。本装置的催化臭氧氧化相较于单纯臭氧氧化，其COD去除率更高，接触反应时间更短，同时本装置催化臭氧氧化反应罐内加入自主研发的非均相分散型催化臭氧化催化剂，能够在待处理液体中均匀分散，与臭氧分子充分接触，促进氧自由基和羟基自由基的转化生成，使得臭氧在溶液中发挥更强的氧化能力，将难降解有机物分解或转化成更易去除的小分子或矿化，降低COD值。本装置设计了SABR生化池，根据对待处理水体中有机物的浓度和种类，每个SABR型生化池设置同周期的间歇式曝气和搅拌操作。能够使水体中的有机物按照一定的代谢顺序依次在不同的反应池内被活性污泥中的微生物代谢或转化，显著提高了生化池处理的处理效率，缩短了反应时间。
以上所述的仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种生化垃圾渗滤液处理工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤，
1)pH调节单元，垃圾渗滤液首先进入pH调节池，将pH调节至8-9；
2)过滤单元，滤去大部分固体颗粒；
3)混凝单元，进入混凝池，加入混凝剂，混匀沉淀，在混凝池中去除部分COD物质和大部分大分子不溶物；
4)电解单元，进入电解槽进行电解，在电解槽内利用钛合金电极和复合电解质对水体进行电解反应；
5)臭氧催化氧化单元，通过溶气泵将臭氧气体和电解后水体的混合物，用泵同时打入进入催化臭氧氧化反应罐，经过催化臭氧氧化处理，水体中的难降解有机物分解或转化成小分子或矿化，同时能够去除重金属离子等对微生物有毒有害的物质；
6)SABR生化单元，生化反应池为SABR型反应池，每个池内设置反应区和沉淀区，池与池之间用管道进行串联，从一反应池溢流至另一个反应池。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生化垃圾渗滤液处理工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤2)中，进入精滤罐，通过精滤罐内部的填料，滤去大部分固体颗粒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的生化垃圾渗滤液处理工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤3)中，混凝剂为聚合氯化铝。
4.根据权利要求1所述的生化垃圾渗滤液处理工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤4)中，复合电解质为工业氯化钠，氢氧化钠，次氯酸钠和盐酸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的生化垃圾渗滤液处理工艺，其特征在于，所述电解槽出水加入催化剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的生化垃圾渗滤液处理工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤6)中，反应池内为活性污泥。水体中的有机物经过生化池处理后，出水COD进一步降低，生化处理后出水进入终沉池。
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