CN108745668B

CN108745668B - Separation equipment and use method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN108745668B
Application number: CN201810304195.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高瑗敏
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Jiangsu Yinong Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-04-08
Filing date: 2018-04-08
Publication date: 2020-04-03
Anticipated expiration: 2038-04-08
Also published as: CN108745668A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of beet processing equipment, and particularly relates to separating equipment which comprises a shell, wherein the shell comprises an upper cylinder, a cone and a lower cylinder, the lower end of the upper cylinder is connected with the upper end of the cone, the upper end of the lower cylinder is connected with the lower end of the cone, an upper separating mechanism is fixedly arranged in the lower cylinder, and a lower separating mechanism is arranged below the upper separating mechanism in the lower cylinder.

Description

Separation equipment and use method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of beet processing equipment, and particularly relates to separating equipment and a using method thereof.

Background

Beet, also known as beta vulgaris, a biennial herb, native to western europe and the coastal south, is transplanted from sweden to spain, and is a major source of sugar in addition to sugarcane. Sugar beet originates from mediterranean coasts, and the wild species coastal beet is the ancestor of cultivated beet. It was introduced into china from the arabian in about 1500 b.c. In 1906 sugar beet was introduced into china. The cultivated beet includes sugar beet, leaf beet, root beet and fodder beet. China is a big country for beet production, but the mechanized harvesting technology of beet is relatively lagged behind, which severely restricts the development of beet industry in China. Beet is one of two important sugar sources in sugar industry, and beet sugar in China approximately accounts for 2/5 of world sugar yield.

The tail root of the beet has low sugar content, eliminates the loss in the sugar manufacturing process, and has little sugar yield, so the beet has no significance in processing sugar manufacturing. However, since the tail root has a high protein content and is rich in amino acids, the tail root is a very good feed, and therefore, the tail root is generally used as a processed feed, so that the economic benefit of the beet can be fully exerted. When the feed is processed by using the tail root of beet, the tail root is inevitably mixed with sand, weed and the like, which brings about a lot of inconvenience for processing.

Some manufacturers adopt a flotation device for separating sand and weeds in the tail roots of the beets, but because the pump lift is large, the volume of a water tank is too small, the circulating water amount is not easy to adjust, and the separation effect of the tail roots from the sand and the weeds is not ideal. In addition, the grit is arranged to the flotation device for single-gate control, and a large amount of water and tail roots are required to flow away every time the grit is arranged, and circulating water balance inside the flotation device is also damaged. Some manufacturers adopt a catcher to separate the washing water in the tail roots, the weeds and the gravels, and sometimes the washing water is not clean due to unsmooth discharge or small grate holes.

A broken vegetable and tail root recoverer with the patent number of 200720200283.X comprises an aqueduct, a feed inlet and a water inlet pipe are arranged at the front part of the aqueduct, and at least one sand collecting hopper is arranged at the bottom of the aqueduct. A film removing machine is arranged above the aqueduct. The film removing machine is a rake type film removing machine and comprises a front roller, a rear roller, a rack and a power machine, wherein the front roller, the rear roller and the power machine are arranged on the rack, the power machine can drive the front roller or the rear roller to rotate, a transmission belt or a transmission chain is arranged on the front roller and the rear roller, the upper end of a film removing hook is hinged on the transmission belt or the transmission chain, the lower end of the film removing hook is provided with a hook end capable of hooking residual broken weeds and mulching films, a vegetable knocking plate is fixedly arranged at the rear upper part of the rack, and a grass receiving disc is arranged on the rack below the vegetable knocking plate. The bottom of the aqueduct at the sand collecting hopper is provided with a filter screen. The bottom of the aqueduct at the rear side of the sand collecting hopper is provided with a deposition clapboard. The bottom end of the sand collecting hopper is provided with a discharge valve.

Although the broken vegetables and the tail roots can be separated from sundries such as sand stones, mulching films and weeds, the rake type mulch remover can not hook some tiny weeds, so that the weeds cannot be removed completely; some sand falls on the front part of the aqueduct and can not fall into the sand collecting hopper, so the sand collecting hopper can not clean the sand, and the separation effect is not good.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the problems in the background art, the invention provides the separation equipment and the use method thereof, which can separate most of sandstone and weeds mixed in the beet tail roots, so that the separated beet tail roots are cleaner, the separation effect is good, and the subsequent processing is convenient.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the utility model provides a separation equipment, includes the casing, the casing comprises last cylinder, cone and lower cylinder, it is connected with the cone upper end to go up the cylinder lower extreme, the cylinder upper end is connected with the cone lower extreme down, fixed mounting has last separating mechanism and lower separating mechanism in the cylinder down, it installs separating mechanism top under to go up separating mechanism.

By adopting the technical scheme, a two-stage separation mode is adopted, firstly, the tail root in the mixed liquid of the tail root, the sand and the water is separated out through the upper separation mechanism, and then, the sand and the stone in the remaining mixed liquid of the sand and the water are separated out through the lower separation mechanism, so that clean beet is finally obtained, and the separation purpose is achieved, and the separation effect is good.

Further inject, go up separating mechanism and include first upper plate, first medium plate and the first hypoplastron that connects gradually from the top down, first upper plate, first medium plate and first hypoplastron are discoid structure, first upper plate, first medium plate and first hypoplastron all with the inner wall fixed connection of lower cylinder, go up separating mechanism and seted up first round hole in the middle part, upward evenly seted up the second round hole along the circumferencial direction on the separating mechanism, first round hole and second round hole all run through in first upper plate, first medium plate and first hypoplastron.

Further inject, lower separating mechanism includes mounting plate, mounting plate fixed mounting is in the bottom of cylinder down, the last guide arm that is connected with of mounting plate, the mounting plate mid-mounting has the pneumatic cylinder, install the piston rod in the pneumatic cylinder, be connected with the supporting shoe on the piston rod, the piston rod upper end is connected with the knock-out core, the cover is equipped with lower separator plate on the guide arm, lower separator plate can slide on the inner wall of cylinder down, the small opening has been seted up on the separator plate down, be connected with on the separator plate down and shelter from the structure, the piston rod runs through separator plate middle part down.

Further, the lower separation plate comprises a second upper plate, a second middle plate and a second lower plate which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the second upper plate, the second middle plate and the second lower plate are disc-shaped structures, the second upper plate, the second middle plate and the second lower plate can slide up and down on the inner wall of the lower cylinder, and the leak holes penetrate through the second upper plate, the second middle plate and the second lower plate.

Further, the leak hole is in a long strip-shaped structure. The structure design has the advantages of large area and high flow speed.

Further limit, shelter from the structure and include the apron, the apron articulates in second upper plate inner wall upper end, the apron lid is on the small opening. Such structural design, simple structure shelters from effectually.

Further limit, the quantity of guide arms is four, and connects on four angles of installation bottom plate upper surface. The structure design has balanced stress and good guiding effect, and is convenient for the lower separation plate to slide on the guide rod.

Further defined, the support block is a disk-shaped structure. The structural design has balanced stress and good supporting effect.

Further inject, be connected with the feed inlet along tangential direction on the lateral wall of going up the cylinder, the feed inlet is connected with first ring flange, it is connected with the overflow pipe to go up the cylinder top, the overflow pipe lower extreme stretches into inside the cylinder, the overflow pipe upper end is connected with the second ring flange, cylinder bottom is connected with the sand discharge mouth down, be connected with a supporting bench on the cylinder inner wall down, the discharge gate has been seted up on the lateral wall of cylinder down.

The use method of the separation equipment specifically comprises the following steps:

step one, feeding materials. The mixed liquid of water, tail roots, weeds and gravels enters the upper cylinder body through the feeding hole in a tangential direction and is forced to do rotary motion after meeting the inner wall of the upper cylinder body, the tail roots and the gravels are subjected to large centrifugal force due to different centrifugal force, the resistance of the water can be overcome, the mixed liquid moves towards the inner wall of the upper cylinder body and spirally moves downwards along the inner wall of the upper cylinder body under the combined action of self gravity, and the weeds and most of water cannot be close to the inner wall of the upper cylinder body due to small centrifugal force and only can do rotary motion in the middle of the upper cylinder body;

and step two, weeding. Along with the mixed liquor flowing to the cone from the upper cylinder, the flowing section is smaller and smaller, under the contraction and compression of the mixed liquor at the outer layer, weeds have to change the direction and move upwards to form an inner rotational flow which is discharged from the overflow pipe, and the tail root and the gravels continue to move downwards along the inner wall of the cone to form an outer rotational flow which falls into the lower cylinder;

and step three, removing sand. In the initial state, the upper separation plate and the lower separation plate are connected together, the top core is inserted into the first round hole to play a role of sealing the first round hole, meanwhile, the cover plate shields the lower end of the second round hole to play a role of sealing the second round hole, when the mixed liquid of the tail root, the sand and the water falls into the lower cylinder body, the piston rod contracts, the lower separation plate moves downwards along with the piston rod under the supporting action of the supporting block until the lower separation plate falls on the supporting table, the top core is drawn out from the first round hole at the moment, the mixed liquid of the tail root, the sand and the water falls on the lower separation plate through the first round hole and the second round hole, then the piston rod continues to contract, the lower end of the top core presses the inner side of the cover plate downwards, the cover plate rotates, so that the leak hole is opened, because the width of the leak hole is larger than the particle size of the sand and smaller than the diameter of the tail root, the sand and the water fall on the bottom of the lower cylinder body through the leak hole and are discharged through the sand discharge port;

and step four, discharging. After sand removal, only the tail roots and a small amount of water adhered to the tail roots are left on the lower separation plate, a discharge hole is opened, and the tail roots are discharged from the discharge hole;

and step five, resetting. After the tail root is discharged, the discharge hole is closed, the piston rod drives the ejection core to move upwards together, the ejection core is separated from the cover plate, the cover plate rotates and covers the leak hole, so that the leak hole is closed, the piston rod continues to rise, the lower separation plate is lifted by the supporting block, the lower separation plate is separated from the supporting table until the ejection core is inserted into the first round hole, and the cover plate shields the lower end of the second round hole and returns to the initial state.

The invention has the following advantages:

1. the weeds with the specific gravity less than 1 are removed by utilizing the different specific gravities of the tail roots, the sand stones and the weeds and adopting the principle of cyclone separation through the cyclone effect of water, and the separated water becomes circulating water for reuse, thereby achieving the purpose of saving energy;

2. when weeding, the cover plate can seal the leakage hole and the second round hole; during sand removal, the cover plate can control the opening and closing of the leakage hole, and the purpose of multiple functions of the same cover plate is achieved;

3. the ejection core can control the opening and closing of the first round hole and the rotation of the cover plate, so that the opening and closing of the leakage hole are controlled, and the purpose of multiple functions of the same ejection core is realized;

4. according to the different structural feature of weeds and grit, adopt the different separating mechanism of two-stage to separate, separate weeds earlier, the grit again for the beet tail root after the separation is cleaner, and separation effect is better, has made things convenient for processing afterwards.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated by the non-limiting examples given in the accompanying drawings;

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a separation apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a separation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, partially in section;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a portion of the enlarged structure at A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a portion of the enlarged structure at B in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a separation apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial view of the structure at C in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of a separation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a lower separation plate in an initial state in an embodiment of a separation apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a lower separation plate in a sand-removed state in an embodiment of a separation apparatus according to the present invention;

the main element symbols are as follows:

the device comprises an upper cylinder 11, a cone 12, a lower cylinder 13, a feeding hole 14, a first flange 15, an overflow pipe 16, a second flange 17, a sand discharge hole 18, a support platform 19, a discharge hole 110, a first upper plate 21, a first middle plate 22, a first lower plate 23, a first round hole 24, a second round hole 25, a mounting bottom plate 31, a guide rod 32, a support block 33, a hydraulic cylinder 34, a piston rod 35, a top core 36, a second upper plate 37, a second middle plate 38, a second lower plate 39, a leakage hole 310 and a cover plate 311.

Detailed Description

In order that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention, the following embodiments are provided to further illustrate the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the separating apparatus of the present invention comprises a housing made of stainless steel or other metal materials, the housing is composed of an upper cylinder 11, a cone 12 and a lower cylinder 13 which are connected in sequence from top to bottom, the upper cylinder 11, the cone 12 and the lower cylinder 13 are welded into a whole, an upper separating mechanism and a lower separating mechanism are fixedly installed in the lower cylinder 13, the upper separating mechanism is used for preventing mixed liquid from falling down when weeding, the lower separating mechanism is used for separating sand and stone in the mixed liquid, wherein the upper separating mechanism comprises a first upper plate 21, a first middle plate 22 and a first lower plate 23 which are connected in sequence from top to bottom, the first upper plate 21, the first middle plate 22 and the first lower plate 23 are all of a disc-shaped structure, the first upper plate 21, the first middle plate 22 and the first lower plate 23 are all fixedly connected with the inner wall of the lower cylinder 13, a first round hole 24 is opened in the middle of the upper separating mechanism, second round holes 25 are uniformly formed in the upper separating mechanism along the circumferential direction, and the first round holes 24 and the second round holes 25 penetrate through the first upper plate 21, the first middle plate 22 and the first lower plate 23; the lower separating mechanism comprises a mounting bottom plate 31, the mounting bottom plate 31 is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the lower cylinder body 13, a guide rod 32 is connected to the mounting bottom plate 31, a hydraulic cylinder 34 is mounted in the middle of the mounting bottom plate 31, a piston rod 35 is mounted in the hydraulic cylinder 34, a supporting block 33 is connected to the piston rod 35, the supporting block 33 is of a disc-shaped structure, a top core 36 is connected to the upper end of the piston rod 35, a lower separating plate is sleeved on the guide rod 32 and can slide up and down on the inner wall of the lower cylinder body 13, a leak hole 310 is formed in the lower separating plate, the leak hole 310 is of a long strip-shaped structure, a shielding structure is connected to the lower separating plate and comprises a cover plate 311, the cover plate 311 is hinged to the upper end of the inner wall of the second upper plate 37, the cover plate 311 covers the leak hole 310 (in the figure, the cover plate 311 is intentionally drawn to be shorter, the piston rod 35 penetrates through the middle part of the lower separation plate; the lower separating plate comprises a second upper plate 37, a second middle plate 38 and a second lower plate 39 which are connected in sequence from top to bottom, the second upper plate 37, the second middle plate 38 and the second lower plate 39 are all disc-shaped structures, the second upper plate 37, the second middle plate 38 and the second lower plate 39 can slide up and down on the inner wall of the lower cylinder body 13, and the leak holes 310 penetrate through the second upper plate 37, the second middle plate 38 and the second lower plate 39;

a feeding hole 14 is connected to the side wall of the upper cylinder 11 along the tangential direction, the feeding hole 14 is connected with a first flange plate 15, the top of the upper cylinder 11 is connected with an overflow pipe 16, the lower end of the overflow pipe 16 extends into the upper cylinder 11, the upper end of the overflow pipe 16 is connected with a second flange plate 17, the bottom of the lower cylinder 13 is connected with a sand discharging opening 18, a supporting table 19 is connected to the inner wall of the lower cylinder 13, and a discharging hole 110 is formed in the side wall of the lower cylinder 13.

In the above embodiment, in order to balance the stress and achieve a good guiding effect, the number of the guide rods 32 is preferably four, and the guide rods are connected to four corners of the upper surface of the mounting base plate 31. This facilitates the sliding of the lower separator plate on the guide rods 32.

In the above embodiment, the inner diameter of the upper cylinder 11 is 2000mm and the inner diameter of the lower cylinder 13 is 1200mm, and the apparatus separates the tailings by the swirling action of water by utilizing the difference in specific gravity between the tailings and the sand and weed; when the device works (arrows in the figure indicate the flowing direction of liquid), mixed liquid of water, tail roots, weeds and gravels enters the upper cylinder body 11 through the feeding hole 14 along the tangential direction and is forced to do rotary motion after meeting the inner wall of the upper cylinder body 11, the tail roots and the gravels are subjected to large centrifugal force due to different centrifugal forces, the resistance of the water can be overcome to move towards the inner wall of the upper cylinder body 11, and the mixed liquid of the weeds and most of water spirally moves downwards along the inner wall of the upper cylinder body 11 under the combined action of self gravity, and the weeds and most of water cannot be close to the inner wall of the upper cylinder body 11 due to small centrifugal force, and only can do rotary motion in the middle of the upper cylinder body;

along with the mixed liquid flowing to the cone 12 from the upper cylinder 11, the flowing section is smaller and smaller, under the contraction and compression of the mixed liquid at the outer layer, the weeds have to change the direction and move upwards to form an inner rotational flow, the weeds with the specific gravity less than 1 float upwards and are discharged from the overflow pipe 16, the discharged weeds and water enter the dehydrator to be dehydrated, the dehydrated water becomes circulating water and enters the upper cylinder 11 together with the tail roots, the gravels and the weeds, and the purpose of saving water is achieved; the tail root and the sand with the specific gravity more than 1 continue to move downwards along the inner wall of the cone 12 to form an outer rotational flow which falls into the lower cylinder body 13;

in the initial state, as shown in fig. 8, the upper separation plate and the lower separation plate are connected together, the top core 36 is inserted into the first circular hole 24 to close the first circular hole 24, and the cover plate 311 covers the lower end of the second circular hole 25 to close the second circular hole 25; as shown in fig. 9, after the mixture of the tailing, the sand and the water falls into the lower cylinder 13, the piston rod 35 contracts, the lower separation plate moves downward along with the piston rod 35 under the supporting action of the supporting block 33 until the lower separation plate falls on the supporting platform 19, at this time, the top core 36 is drawn out from the first circular hole 24, the mixture of the tailing, the sand and the water falls on the lower separation plate through the first circular hole 24 and the second circular hole 25, then the piston rod 35 continues to contract, the lower end of the top core 36 presses the inner side of the cover plate 311 downward, the cover plate 311 rotates, thereby opening the leak hole 310, and in order to discharge the sand, the width of the leak hole 310 is designed to be larger than the diameter of the sand and smaller than the diameter of the tailing, so that the tailing is left on the second upper plate 37, and the sand and the water fall on the bottom of the lower cylinder 13 through the leak hole 310 and then are discharged through the;

after sand removal, only tail roots and a small amount of water are left on the lower separation plate, the discharge hole 110 is opened, and the tail roots are discharged from the discharge hole 110; after the tail root is discharged, the discharge hole 110 is closed, the piston rod 35 drives the top core 36 to move upwards together, the top core 36 is separated from the cover plate 311, the cover plate 311 rotates and covers the leak hole 310, so that the leak hole 310 is closed, the piston rod 35 continues to rise, the support block 33 lifts the lower separation plate, the lower separation plate is separated from the support platform 19 until the top core 36 is inserted into the first round hole 24, and the cover plate 311 shields the lower end of the second round hole 25, and the initial state is returned.

The using method of the separation equipment specifically comprises five steps of feeding, weeding, desanding, discharging and resetting:

firstly, feeding. The mixed liquid of water, tail roots, weeds and gravels enters the upper cylinder body 11 through the feed port 14 along the tangential direction and is forced to do rotary motion after meeting the inner wall of the upper cylinder body 11, the tail roots and the gravels are subjected to large centrifugal force due to different centrifugal force, the resistance of the water can be overcome to move towards the inner wall of the upper cylinder body 11, and the mixed liquid spirally moves downwards along the inner wall of the upper cylinder body 11 under the combined action of the self gravity, and the weeds and most of the water cannot be close to the inner wall of the upper cylinder body 11 due to small centrifugal force and only can do rotary motion at the middle part of the upper cylinder body 11;

and secondly, weeding. As the mixed liquor flows from the upper cylinder 11 to the cone 12, the flow section is smaller and smaller, under the contraction and compression of the mixed liquor at the outer layer, weeds have to change the direction and move upwards to form an inner rotational flow and are discharged from the overflow pipe 16, and the tail root and the sand continue to move downwards along the inner wall of the cone 12 to form an outer rotational flow and fall into the lower cylinder 13;

and thirdly, removing sand. In the initial state, the upper separation plate and the lower separation plate are connected together, the top core 36 is inserted into the first round hole 24 to play a role of closing the first round hole 24, the cover plate 311 shields the lower end of the second round hole 25 to play a role of closing the second round hole 25, after the mixed liquid of the tailings, the gravels and the water falls into the lower cylinder body 13, the piston rod 35 contracts, the lower separation plate moves downwards along with the piston rod 35 under the supporting action of the supporting block 33 until the lower separation plate falls on the supporting platform 19, the top core 36 is drawn out from the first round hole 24, the mixed liquid of the tailings, the gravels and the water falls on the lower separation plate through the first round hole 24 and the second round hole 25, then the piston rod 35 continuously contracts, the lower end of the top core 36 presses the inner side of the cover plate 311 downwards, the cover plate 311 rotates to open the leak hole 310, because the width of the leak hole 310 is larger than the diameter of the gravels and smaller than the diameter of the tailings, the gravels and the sand and the water, then discharged through the sand discharge port 18;

fourthly, discharging. After sand removal, only the tail roots and a small amount of water adhered to the tail roots are left on the lower separation plate, the discharge port 110 is opened, and the tail roots are discharged from the discharge port 110;

and fifthly, resetting. After the tail root is discharged, the discharge hole 110 is closed, the piston rod 35 drives the top core 36 to move upwards together, the top core 36 is separated from the cover plate 311, the cover plate 311 rotates and covers the leak hole 310, so that the leak hole 310 is closed, the piston rod 35 continues to rise, the support block 33 lifts the lower separation plate, the lower separation plate is separated from the support platform 19 until the top core 36 is inserted into the first round hole 24, and the cover plate 311 shields the lower end of the second round hole 25, and the initial state is returned.

The above detailed description of a separation apparatus and method of use of the same is provided. The description of the specific embodiments is only intended to facilitate an understanding of the method of the invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A separation apparatus comprising a housing, characterized in that: the shell comprises an upper cylinder body (11), a cone (12) and a lower cylinder body (13), the lower end of the upper cylinder body (11) is connected with the upper end of the cone (12), the upper end of the lower cylinder body (13) is connected with the lower end of the cone (12), an upper separating mechanism and a lower separating mechanism are fixedly installed in the lower cylinder body (13), and the upper separating mechanism is installed above the lower separating mechanism;

the upper separating mechanism comprises a first upper plate (21), a first middle plate (22) and a first lower plate (23) which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the first upper plate (21), the first middle plate (22) and the first lower plate (23) are all disc-shaped structures, the first upper plate (21), the first middle plate (22) and the first lower plate (23) are all fixedly connected with the inner wall of the lower cylinder body (13), a first round hole (24) is formed in the middle of the upper separating mechanism, second round holes (25) are uniformly formed in the upper separating mechanism along the circumferential direction, and the first round hole (24) and the second round hole (25) penetrate through the first upper plate (21), the first middle plate (22) and the first lower plate (23);

lower separating mechanism includes mounting plate (31), mounting plate (31) fixed mounting is in the bottom of cylinder (13) down, be connected with guide arm (32) on mounting plate (31), mounting plate (31) mid-mounting has pneumatic cylinder (34), install piston rod (35) in pneumatic cylinder (34), be connected with supporting shoe (33) on piston rod (35), piston rod (35) upper end is connected with ejector core (36), the cover is equipped with down the separator on guide arm (32), the separator can slide on the inner wall of cylinder (13) down, small opening (310) have been seted up on the separator down, be connected with sheltering from the structure down on the separator, separator middle part under piston rod (35) run through.

2. A separation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lower separation plate comprises a second upper plate (37), a second middle plate (38) and a second lower plate (39) which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the second upper plate (37), the second middle plate (38) and the second lower plate (39) are all disc-shaped structures, the second upper plate (37), the second middle plate (38) and the second lower plate (39) can slide up and down on the inner wall of the lower cylinder body (13), and the leakage holes (310) penetrate through the second upper plate (37), the second middle plate (38) and the second lower plate (39).

3. A separation apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the leak hole (310) is of a long strip-shaped structure.

4. A separation apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the shielding structure comprises a cover plate (311), the cover plate (311) is hinged to the upper end of the inner wall of the second upper plate (37), and the cover plate (311) covers the leakage hole (310).

5. A separation apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the number of the guide rods (32) is four, and the guide rods are connected to four corners of the upper surface of the mounting base plate (31).

6. A separation apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the supporting block (33) is of a disc-shaped structure.

7. A separation apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: go up and be connected with feed inlet (14) along tangential direction on the lateral wall of cylinder, feed inlet (14) are connected with first ring flange (15), it is connected with overflow pipe (16) to go up cylinder (11) top, inside overflow pipe (16) lower extreme stretched into cylinder (11), overflow pipe (16) upper end is connected with second ring flange (17), cylinder (13) bottom is connected with row sand mouth (18) down, be connected with brace table (19) on cylinder (13) inner wall down, discharge gate (110) have been seted up on the lateral wall of cylinder (13) down.

8. Use of a separation apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps of,

feeding, wherein mixed liquor enters an upper cylinder body (11) through a feeding hole (14) along the tangential direction and spirally moves downwards along the inner wall of the upper cylinder body (11), and weeds and most of water do rotary motion in the middle of the upper cylinder body (11);

weeding, wherein weeds move upwards and are discharged from an overflow pipe (16) along with the flow of mixed liquor from an upper cylinder (11) to a cone (12), and a tail root and sand continue to move downwards along the inner wall of the cone (12) and fall into a lower cylinder (13);

step three, removing sand, wherein after the mixed liquid of the tail root, the sand and the water falls into the lower cylinder body (13), the piston rod (35) contracts, the lower separation plate falls on the support table (19), the top core (36) is drawn out from the first round hole (24) and presses the inner side of the cover plate (311) downwards, so that the leak hole (310) is opened, and the sand and the water fall on the bottom of the lower cylinder body (13) through the leak hole (310) and are discharged through the sand discharge port (18);

discharging, namely after sand removal, only leaving the tail roots and a small amount of water on the lower separation plate, opening a discharge hole (110), and discharging the tail roots from the discharge hole (110);

and step five, resetting, closing the discharge hole (110) after the tail roots are discharged, driving the ejection core (36) to move upwards by the piston rod (35), so as to close the leak hole (310), lifting the lower separation plate by the supporting block (33) until the ejection core (36) is inserted into the first round hole (24), and enabling the cover plate (311) to shield the lower end of the second round hole (25) until the initial state is reached.