CN108743886A - 一种防治胆石症复方中药冲剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防治胆石症复方中药冲剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/11—Pteridophyta or Filicophyta (ferns)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治胆石症复方中药冲剂及其制备方法,其是由下述重量份的原料制得:石苇20‑24g、生大黄10‑12g、金钱草20‑30g、车前草15‑20g、郁金24‑25g、赤芍24‑25g、白芍24‑25g、炒枳实10‑12g、厚朴10‑12g、柴胡15‑20g、丹参12‑15g、酒炙黄芩12‑15g,糊精适量;本发明有石苇、生大黄、金钱草、车前草、郁金、赤芍、白芍、炒枳实、厚朴、柴胡、丹参、酒炙黄芩中药制成颗粒剂,经多年应用,证实能促进胆道术后患者症状及体征的恢复,促进胆道炎症、肝功能和胆汁生化指标的恢复,还能促进胆囊泥沙样结石的排除。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,确切的说是一种防治胆石症复方中药冲剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
胆石症中医病名“胁痛”、“胆胀”、“黄疸”以及“腹痛”。结合临床患者多自诉右胁肋疼痛,故认为“胁痛”一名更为贴切。《景岳全书 杂证谟胁痛》曰:“胁痛之病,本属肝胆二经,以二经之脉皆循胁肋故也”。《灵枢五邪》曰:“邪在肝,则两胁中痛”。《诸病源候论》中对于胁痛的描述有:“胸胁痛者,由胆与肝及肾之支脉虚为寒气所乘故也。”又曰“气、水、饮停滞,结聚成癖,因热气相搏,则郁蒸不善,故胁下满痛而身发黄,名而癖黄。
中医认为:肝胆在解剖位置、经脉络属、生理功能及病理上有非常紧密的联系。首先,胆位于右胁下,附于肝之短叶,空间位置上紧密相连。《难经·四十二难》:“胆在肝之短叶间,重三两三铢,盛精汁三合”。肝胆经脉互为络属,构成表里关系。《灵枢·经脉》说:“肝足厥阴之脉,…… 属肝络胆;胆足少阳之脉,…… 络肝属胆。”肝胆经脉间的络属决定了其生理功能上的联系。一是胆为中精之腑,内藏胆汁,其由肝之余气凝聚而成。《灵枢·本输》:“肝合胆,胆者,中精之府”“肝之余气,泄于胆,聚而成精”。二是胆为六腑之一,六腑生理功能是传化物而不藏,实而不能满;生理特点是以通为用,以降为顺,胆汁的正常排泄依靠肝气的正常疏泄。三是肝主谋虑,胆主决断。又有《素问·灵兰秘典论》:“肝者,将军之官,谋虑出焉”“胆者,中正之官,决断出焉”。可见,胆与肝无论经脉络属还是生理功能都息息相关。中医有关胆病的论述首见于《灵枢·经脉》中,有“胆足少阳之脉……是动则病口苦,心胁痛”的记载。由于肝胆在生理功能上联系紧密,甚至于胆腑功能直接由肝脏决定,故肝脏本身原发的病变均可导致胆病的发生。肝胆的病理联系主要是肝脏的疏泄功能异常导致胆病的发生。肝最主要的生理功能是主疏泄。元·朱震亨在《格致余论·阳有余阴不足论》明确提出:“主闭藏者肾也,司疏泄者肝也。”胆汁的生成和排泄受肝气疏泄功能的影响,肝气疏泄功能正常,胆汁才能够正常的生成与排泄。肝气的疏泄功能失常,称为肝失疏泄。根据其所致病证的不同表现,可分为两个方面:一方面是肝气郁结,疏泄失职。肝乃将军之官,性喜条达恶抑郁,若情志郁怒可使肝疏泄不利,胆汁排泄不畅,淤滞于内,日久结而成石,发为胆石症。同时,肝失疏泄,胆汁淤滞,日久则化热,湿热蕴结肝胆,胆汁的排泄更加受阻,以致胆汁不循常道,外溢发为黄疸。黄疸多表现为目黄、身黄、小便黄,常伴有腹部绞痛、高热、恶心呕吐等,这又与临床胆管结石引起的梗阻性黄疸或急性化脓性梗阻性胆管炎极为相似。中医治疗胆石症以疏肝利胆、清热利湿为治疗大法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治胆石症复方中药冲剂及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
防治胆石症复方中药冲剂,其是由下述重量份的原料制得:石苇20-24、生大黄10-12、金钱草20-30、车前草15-20、郁金24-25、赤芍24-25、白芍24-25、炒枳实10-12、厚朴10-12、柴胡15-20、丹参12-15、酒炙黄芩12-15,糊精适量。
防治胆石症复方中药冲剂的制备方法,按组成原料的重量份称取各原料,加水煎煮提取3次,第一次加9-11倍水,煎煮1.3-1.8h;第二次、三次加7-9倍水,煎煮0.8-1.2h,把合并提取液,滤过,静置沉淀45-50h,吸取上清液,减压浓缩至比重1.15,加入糊精做底料,喷雾干燥制粒,整粒,分类,外包,送检,入库。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明有石苇、生大黄、金钱草、车前草、郁金、赤芍、白芍、炒枳实、厚朴、柴胡、丹参、酒炙黄芩中药制成颗粒剂,经多年应用,证实能促进胆道术后患者症状及体征的恢复,促进胆道炎症、肝功能和胆汁生化指标的恢复,还能促进胆囊泥沙样结石的排除,通过临床实践和动物实验证实本发明疗效确切,在普外科,应用于胆总管术后149例,胆囊结石50例,疗效显著。
本发明的原理如下:
一、方药方解
本发明主要有柴胡、郁金、枳实、厚朴、生大黄、黄芩、赤芍、金钱草、车前草、石苇、白芍、丹参制成。(1)柴胡:始载于《神农本草经》,列为上品。柴胡具有和解少阳、疏肝解郁、升阳举陷、热入血室之功效。《本草新编》:“泻肝胆之邪,去心下痞闷,解痰结,除烦热,尤治疮疡,散诸经血凝气聚,止偏头风,胸胁刺痛,通达表里邪气,善解潮热。”国内研究表明柴胡具有抗抑郁、抗炎抗病毒、保肝抗肿瘤的作用。(2)郁金:《本草纲目》:”治血气心腹痛,产后败血冲心欲死,失心癫狂。”具有行气祛瘀,清心解郁,凉血止血,利湿退黄的功效。国内研究表明:郁金有保护肝细胞、促进肝细胞再生、去脂和抑制肝细胞纤维化的作用,能对抗肝脏毒性病变。姜黄素和挥发油能促进胆汁分泌和排泄,减少尿内尿胆原;煎剂能刺激胃酸及十二指肠液分泌。水煎剂能降低全血粘度,抑制血小板聚集,醇提物能降低血浆纤维蛋白含量。水煎剂、挥发油对多种皮肤真菌有抑制作用,郁金对多种细菌有抑制作用,尤其对革兰氏阴性菌的作用强于对革兰氏阳性菌。郁金也有一定的抗炎止痛作用。(3)枳实:《本草新编》:“枳壳性缓而治高,高者主气,治在胸膈。枳实性速而治下,下者主血,治在心腹”。国内动物实验观察到枳实有促进胃肠运动、抗菌抗炎的作用。(4)厚朴:《本草纲目》:“气胀心闷,饮食不下,久患不愈。用厚朴以姜汁炙焦后研为末。每服二匙,陈米汤调下,一天服三次”。具有燥湿消痰,下气除满功效,厚朴煎剂在试管中,对肺炎球菌、白喉杆菌、溶血性链球菌、枯草杆菌、志贺氏及施氏痢疾杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等有抑菌作用。(5)生大黄:《本草纲目》:“苦、寒、无毒,主伤寒痞满。”研究发现还大黄还具有保肝、抗感染、降低血清胆固醇等作用。对多种革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌均有抑制作用。(6)黄芩:《药性论》:”味苦甘。入心、肺、胆、大肠经。”具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒、止血、安胎等功效。研究发现对痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、霍乱弧菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌、葡萄球菌、溶血性琏球菌、肺炎双球菌、白喉杆菌等有抑制作用。
(7)赤芍:《神农本草经》:“芍药,味苦平。主邪气腹痛,除血痹、破坚积寒热疝瘕、止痛……生川谷”。具有清热凉血,散瘀止痛的功效。研究发现赤芍具有保肝消炎的作用。(8)金钱草:《本草纲目拾遗》:“性平、味淡,入肝、胆、膀胱经”。具有清热消炎、利尿通淋、排结石的功效。研究发现还具有抗感染的作用。(9)车前草:《中国药典》:“气微香,味微苦,归肝、肾、肺、小肠经。”有利尿、清热解毒、明目祛痰的功效。研究发现车前草还具有抗菌、利尿的作用。(10)石苇:《本草纲目》“味苦,平,主崩漏,金疮,清肺气”。具有利水通淋,清肺泄热的功效。研究发现石苇对痢疾杆菌、尤其是福氏杆菌以及肠伤寒杆菌、副伤寒甲、乙菌具有较好的抑菌活性.对金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌、大肠杆菌等亦有一定的抑制作用。(11)白芍:《本草经集注》,“苦、酸,微寒,归肝、脾经”。具有平肝止痛,养血调经,敛阴止汗的功效。研究发现还具有抑菌的作用。(12)丹参:《本草纲目》“苦,微温,入心、肝经,手少阴、厥阴血分药。”具有祛瘀止痛,活血通经,清心除烦的功效。研究发现还具有保护血管内皮细胞、抗心律失常、抗动脉粥样硬化、改善微循环的作用。
综上所述,在对本发明药物组成研究中发现,其12个组成药物中基本上皆具有不同程度抗炎、抑菌、疏肝利胆作用,并引起了国内外的广泛关注。因此,进一步开展对本发明抗炎作用机制研究,为其推广应用有着重要意义。
二、现代药理作用研究
1、 本发明药理学研究通过实验发现本发明能明显抑制豚鼠结石的生成。
2、本发明组成药物药理学研究(1)柴胡:动物试验表明,可以增加大鼠肝细胞内钙离子浓度,以增强胆汁通过胆道排泄的过程,防止肝细胞受损,从而起到保护肝细胞,减轻肝损伤以及坏死;同时还具有抗抑郁、抗炎、抗病毒的作用。
(2)郁金:郁金可促进肝脏分泌胆汁,松弛Oddis括约肌,增加胆汁排出。(3)枳实:通过促进大鼠胃泌素(GAS)、血浆乙酰胆碱(ACh)、胃动素(MTL)的分泌和抑制血管活性肠肽(VIP)的分泌促进胃肠功能的恢复。此外还具有抗炎、抑菌的作用。(4)厚朴:实验表明厚朴对肺炎球菌、白喉杆菌、溶血性链球菌、枯草杆菌、志贺氏及施氏痢疾杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等有抑制作用。实验性病毒性肝炎也有改善肝脏实质病变的作用。(5)生大黄:临床发现作用较多有增加血小板、促进血液凝固等止血作用。本品可促进胆汁等消化液分泌,有利胆、排石和增进消化作用。大黄素对抗乙酰胆碱引起的小鼠离体肠痉挛作用强于对抗豚鼠气管痉挛的作用。本品有降低血清高胆固醇的作用。(6)黄芩:动物实验表明黄芩有保肝利胆的作用,此外还具有抗炎、降血脂的作用。(7)赤芍:现代研究表明,从赤芍中可以分离出多种成分,包括萜类及其苷、黄酮类及其苷、挥发油类等多种化学成分,具有抗血栓、抗氧化、抗内毒素、保肝、抗肿瘤、神经保护等多种药理作用。(8)金钱草:从药效和药理作用来说,金钱草具有利尿利胆、抗炎、镇痛、抑制结石形成和免疫抑制等多种药理作用。(9)车前草:研究发现车前草能抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的作用效果最强,也可较好的抑制绿脓杆菌。(10)石苇:对金黄色葡萄球菌及变形杆菌有抑制作用,动物实验表明还具有止咳的作用。(11)白芍:保肝和解毒作用,抗菌作用,此外还具有抗炎止痛的作用。(12)丹参:动物实验表明,丹参明显改善大鼠微循环障碍及减轻肺部急性损伤,显著减少 ET-1、P-selection、VEGF的含量。临床研究发现丹参有效改善患者心肌微循环,增强心功能。
本发明组成中的主要药物柴胡、郁金、枳实、厚朴、白芍、丹参、大黄、黄芩、赤芍、金钱草、车前草、石苇,全方疏肝与利胆协同作用,相辅相成。现代药理研究表明郁金可促进肝脏分泌胆汁,松弛Oddis括约肌,增加胆汁排出,柴胡水煎剂可使犬总胆汁排出量与胆盐成分增加,金钱草可促进胆汁从胆管排出,并有排石作用。黄芩、大黄使β2葡萄糖醛酸苷酶的活性下降,减少游离胆红素的生成,改善成石胆汁的理化性质,起到预防胆石复发的作用;另外大黄有强烈的抑菌作用,能促进炎症脓液的消散和吸收。研究发现,清热利胆中药能明显降低胆汁中总胆红素、游离胆红素、总胆汁酸、钙离子、细菌性和内源性β-葡萄糖醛酸酶活性的变化,增加胆汁中总胆汁酸含量,具有很好的降低胆汁成石性的作用。本组临床研究表明,疏肝利胆冲剂通过疏肝与利胆的作用,不仅能够更好更快地促进临床症状和体征的恢复和肝脏功能的改善,减少成石性胆汁的分泌;而且能够调节胆汁成分,减少成石性胆汁成分胆红素、钙离子和增加溶石性成分胆汁酸分泌;同时增加胆汁量的分泌,有助于对泥沙结石的水流样冲洗作用。从现代药理学的研究,诠释了传统本发明配伍的科学和严谨,充分发挥了传统复方中药外用“多靶作用”的优势,使其对胆石症着独特的疗效。也预示着对其进一步研究的社会价值和经济价值。
具体实施方式:
实施例1:防治胆石症复方中药冲剂,其是由下述重量(g)的原料制得:石苇22、生大黄11、金钱草25、车前草18、郁金24、赤芍24、白芍24、炒枳实11、厚朴11、柴胡18、丹参13、酒炙黄芩13,糊精适量。
防治胆石症复方中药冲剂的制备方法,按组成原料的重量份称取各原料,加水煎煮提取3次,第一次加10倍水,煎煮1.5h;第二次、三次加8倍水,煎煮1.0h,把合并提取液,滤过,静置沉淀48h,吸取上清液,减压浓缩至比重1.15,加入糊精做底料,喷雾干燥制粒,整粒,分类,外包,送检,入库。
实施例的使用方法为:温开水100mL 溶解,3次/日,疗程1周。
典型病例:
病例1:张先生,男,62岁,5年前因体检发现“胆囊泥沙样结石”,近2月来频繁出现嗳气,上腹部不适,进食油腻后出现右上腹胀痛不适,每次服用本制剂35g在5分钟内就能缓解结石胀痛,合计服用4疗程后,2015年以后无再发右上腹疼痛,2月后复查肝胆胰脾彩超泥沙样结石消失。
病例2:李女士,女,74岁,10年前因胆结石疼痛10多次,每次服用本制剂35g在5分钟内就能缓解结石胀痛,合计服用5疗程后,2016年无再发结石疼痛。2016年复查肝胆胰脾彩超结石缩小。
病例3:岳女士,女,69岁,15年前因胆结石疼痛20多次,既往行“腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管切口取石”,ERCP术,术后2年后复发胆总管结石,反复疼痛,每次服用本制剂35g在5分钟内就能缓解结石胀痛,合计服用4疗程后,2016年复查肝胆胰脾彩超结石缩小。
病例4:孙先生,男,59岁,5年前因胆结石疼痛10多次,每次服用本制剂35g在5分钟内就能缓解结石胀痛,合计服用5疗程后,2017年无再发结石疼痛。2017年复查肝胆胰脾彩超结石缩小。
病例5:王女士,女,50岁,3年前因胆结石疼痛6次,每次服用本制剂35g在5分钟内就能缓解结石胀痛,合计服用4疗程后,2016年无再发结石疼痛。2016年复查肝胆胰脾彩超结石缩小。
病例6:郑先生,男,62岁,2年前因胆结石疼痛5次,每次服用本制剂35g在5分钟内就能缓解结石胀痛,合计服用5疗程后,2015年无再发结石疼痛。2015年复查肝胆胰脾彩超结石缩小。
病例7:丁女士,女,56岁,4年前因胆结石疼痛10多次,每次服用本制剂35g在5分钟内就能缓解结石胀痛,合计服用4疗程后,2017年无再发结石疼痛。2017年复查肝胆胰脾彩超结石缩小。
病例8:许先生,男,54岁,5年前因胆结石疼痛8次,每次服用本制剂35g在5分钟内就能缓解结石胀痛,合计服用5疗程后,2017年无再发结石疼痛。2017年复查肝胆胰脾彩超结石缩小。
临床疗效总结:
临床疗效小结:经过10多年的临床观察表明,我们发现本实施例临床疗效确切,中医主要是“胆胀病”;西医适用于胆囊泥沙样结石,胆道术后的恢复等。本实施组成的药物药理作用可以看出,黄芩、丹参具有抗菌、解热作用,抑制胆管炎症;赤芍、金钱草、石苇、车前草等有加强胆囊、胆管蠕动功能,促进胆囊收缩;大黄、枳实、厚朴等可以降低 oddi 括约肌的紧张度,使其开放,通里攻下中药能清除腹腔内循环系统和消化道的内毒素,降低血清 TNF含量,有效抑制胰腺炎症的发生。
本发明的复方中药冲剂适用于胆囊结石:(泥沙样结石)、胆总管结石:(胆道术后胆道炎症的恢复,肝功能及胆汁生化指标的恢复)、肝内胆管结石:(胆道术后胆道炎症的恢复,肝功能及胆汁生化指标的恢复)和胆囊结石、胆总管结石及肝内胆管结石:(防治结石的复发)。
Claims (2)
1.一种防治胆石症复方中药冲剂,其特征在于:其是由下述重量份的原料制得:石苇20-24g、生大黄10-12g、金钱草20-30g、车前草15-20g、郁金24-25g、赤芍24-25g、白芍24-25g、炒枳实10-12g、厚朴10-12g、柴胡15-20g、丹参12-15g、酒炙黄芩12-15g,糊精适量。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的防治胆石症复方中药冲剂的制备方法,其特征在于:按组成原料的重量份称取各原料,加水煎煮提取3次,第一次加9-11倍水,煎煮1.3-1.8h;第二次、三次加7-9倍水,煎煮0.8-1.2h,把合并提取液,滤过,静置沉淀45-50h,吸取上清液,减压浓缩至比重1.15,加入糊精做底料,喷雾干燥制粒,整粒,分类,外包,送检,入库。
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