CN108723981B - Magnetic grinding disc, equipment and method for finishing rolling surface of convex conical roller - Google Patents

Magnetic grinding disc, equipment and method for finishing rolling surface of convex conical roller Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108723981B
CN108723981B CN201810850348.8A CN201810850348A CN108723981B CN 108723981 B CN108723981 B CN 108723981B CN 201810850348 A CN201810850348 A CN 201810850348A CN 108723981 B CN108723981 B CN 108723981B
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grinding disc
grinding
convexity
roller
concave arc
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CN108723981A (en
Inventor
任成祖
张婧
陈�光
刘伟峰
靳新民
闫传滨
陈洋
张云辉
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/097910 priority patent/WO2020024879A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/11—Lapping tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/005—Control means for lapping machines or devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/34—Accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B57/00—Devices for feeding, applying, grading or recovering grinding, polishing or lapping agents
    • B24B57/02—Devices for feeding, applying, grading or recovering grinding, polishing or lapping agents for feeding of fluid, sprayed, pulverised, or liquefied grinding, polishing or lapping agents

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses grinding equipment and a magnetic grinding disc kit for finishing a rolling surface of a convexity tapered roller made of ferromagnetic materials. The host machine comprises a base, a stand column, a cross beam, a sliding table, an upper tray, a lower tray, an axial loading device and a main shaft device. The roller circulation off-disc system comprises a roller collecting mechanism, a demagnetizing device, a conveying system, a finishing mechanism and a feeding mechanism. The magnetic abrasive disk assembly includes a pair of first and second abrasive disks coaxially and oppositely disposed on the front face. The front surface of the first grinding disc comprises a group of concave arc grooves which are radially distributed on the base surface (concave arc rotating surface) of the first grinding disc, the front surface of the second grinding disc comprises one or more spiral grooves which are distributed on the base surface (convex arc rotating surface) of the second grinding disc, and an annular magnetic structure is embedded in the matrix. The grinding device has the finishing capability of the rolling surface of the convexity tapered roller made of a large quantity of ferromagnetic materials.

Description

Magnetic grinding disc, equipment and method for finishing rolling surface of convex conical roller
Technical Field
The invention relates to a magnetic grinding disc kit, grinding equipment and a grinding method for finish machining of a convexity tapered roller rolling surface of a ferromagnetic material (such as GCr15, G20CrNi2MoA, cr4Mo4V and the like), and belongs to the technical field of precision machining of bearing rolling bodies.
Background
Tapered roller bearings are widely used in various rotary machines. The shape accuracy and dimensional uniformity of the rolling surface of the convexity tapered roller, which is one of the important parts of the tapered roller bearing, have an important influence on the performance of the bearing. At present, the known machining process flow of the convexity tapered roller rolling surface comprises blank forming (turning or cold heading or rolling), rough machining (soft grinding rolling surface), heat treatment, semi-finishing (hard grinding rolling surface) and finish machining. The main process method of finish machining of the rolling surface of the known convexity tapered roller is superfinishing.
Superfinishing is a finishing process that utilizes fine-grained oilstones as abrasive tools, the oilstones applying relatively low pressure to the workpiece processing surface and performing high-speed micro-amplitude reciprocating vibration and low-speed feed motion along the workpiece processing surface, thereby achieving micro-cutting. At present, the finish machining of the rolling surface of the convexity tapered roller mostly adopts a centerless penetrating superfinishing method. The processing part of the equipment consists of a pair of superfinishing spiral guide rollers with spiral roller paths and a superfinishing head (or a group of superfinishing heads) provided with oilstones, wherein the convexity tapered rollers are supported and driven by the guide rollers, and perform low-speed feeding motion along a track which is matched with the element line of the rolling surface of the convexity tapered rollers while performing rotary motion, and the superfinishing head presses the oilstones to the rolling surface of the convexity tapered rollers under lower pressure while performing high-speed micro-amplitude reciprocating vibration on the oilstones along the element line of the rolling surface of the convexity tapered rollers, so as to finish the rolling surface of the convexity tapered rollers. During coreless through superfinishing, the same batch of crowned tapered rollers sequentially pass through the machining region and undergo oilstone superfinishing.
In addition, there is a centerless cut-in superfinishing method, the processing part of the equipment is composed of a pair of superfinishing guide rollers which are arranged in parallel and a superfinishing head (or a group of superfinishing heads) which is provided with oilstones, the convexity tapered rollers are supported by the guide rollers and driven to rotate, the superfinishing head presses the oilstones to the rolling surface of the convexity tapered rollers under lower pressure, and meanwhile, the superfinishing head carries out low-speed feeding movement and high-speed micro-amplitude reciprocating vibration along a track which is suitable for the element line of the rolling surface of the convexity tapered rollers, so as to finish the rolling surface of the convexity tapered rollers. In the centerless plunge superfinishing process, the same batch of convexity tapered rollers enter the machining area one by one and undergo oilstone superfinishing.
The two convex tapered roller rolling surface superfinishing methods have the following two technical defects: on one hand, the change of the abrasion states of the oilstone and the guide roller along with time in the processing process is not beneficial to the improvement of the shape precision and the dimensional precision of the rolling surface of the convexity tapered roller; on the other hand, since the superfinishing equipment processes only a single (or a few) convexity tapered roller at the same time, the material removal amount of the processed convexity tapered roller rolling surface is hardly affected by the difference in diameter of the same batch of convexity tapered roller rolling surfaces, and therefore it is difficult to effectively improve the diameter dispersion of the processed convexity tapered roller rolling surface by the superfinishing equipment. The technical defects in the two aspects lead to the limitation of improvement of the shape precision and the size consistency of the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller.
Chinese patent publication No. CN1863642a discloses a method for processing tapered rollers, which is characterized in that: the tapered roller finishes the roller surface by a roller polishing or barrel polishing method. The method does not improve the dimensional accuracy and diameter dispersion of the roller with uncertainty in the removal of material from the surface of the roller during processing.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a magnetic grinding disc kit, grinding equipment and a grinding method for finish machining of the convexity tapered roller rolling surface of a ferromagnetic material (such as GCr15, G20CrNi2MoA, cr4Mo4V and the like), wherein the grinding equipment provided with the magnetic grinding disc kit has the finish machining capability of the convexity tapered roller rolling surface of a large quantity of ferromagnetic materials, can realize the high-point material removal of the convexity tapered roller rolling surface, the low-point material removal of the convexity tapered roller rolling surface, the material removal of the convexity tapered roller rolling surface with larger diameter and the material removal of the convexity tapered roller rolling surface with smaller diameter, thereby improving the shape precision and the size consistency of the convexity tapered roller rolling surface of the ferromagnetic material, improving the machining efficiency of the convexity tapered roller rolling surface of the ferromagnetic material and reducing the machining cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the magnetic grinding disc kit for finishing the rolling surface of the convexity tapered roller of the ferromagnetic material comprises a pair of first grinding discs and second grinding discs which are coaxial, wherein the front surfaces of the first grinding discs and the front surfaces of the second grinding discs are oppositely arranged;
the front surface of the first grinding disc comprises a group of radially-distributed concave arc grooves and a transition surface for connecting two adjacent concave arc grooves; the surface of the concave arc groove comprises a working surface which is contacted with the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller during grinding processing and a non-working surface which is not contacted with the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller; the concave arc groove working surface is arranged on a scanning surface with two symmetrical sides, and the scanning surface is a constant-section scanning surface; the scanning path of the scanning surface is an arc, and a generatrix (namely a scanning outline) of the scanning surface is positioned in the normal section of the concave arc groove; in the normal section of the concave arc groove, the section outline of the scanning surface is two symmetrical straight line sections, and the included angle between the two straight line sections is 2 theta; the convexity curve of the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller corresponding to the two symmetrical straight line segments forming the cross section outline of the scanning surface where the concave arc groove working surface is located is approximately an arc;
The symmetry plane of the concave arc groove working surface is a plane containing the symmetry line of the cross-section outline of the scanning surface and the scanning path of the scanning surface; the axis of the processed convexity tapered roller is in the symmetry plane of the concave arc groove working surface during grinding, and the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller is in line contact (tangent) with the two symmetry side surfaces of the concave arc groove working surface respectively; the arc scanning path of the scanning surface passes through the midpoint of the mapping of the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller on the axis of the processed convexity tapered roller, and the arc scanning path is a base line of the concave arc groove; the base line and quilt of the concave arc grooveThe axes of the processed convexity tapered rollers are intersected, and the intersection point is positioned at the midpoint of the mapping of the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered rollers on the axes of the processed convexity tapered rollers; the half cone angle of the processed convexity tapered roller isThe included angle between the axis of the processed convexity tapered roller and the tangent line of the base line of the concave arc groove at the intersection point is gamma, and
the base lines of all the concave arc grooves are distributed on a concave arc rotating surface, wherein the concave arc rotating surface is the base surface of the first grinding disc, and the axis of the base surface is the axis of the first grinding disc; the base line of the concave arc groove is arranged in the axial section of the first grinding disc, and the symmetry plane of the working surface of the concave arc groove coincides with the axial section of the first grinding disc containing the base line of the concave arc groove;
In the axial section of the first grinding disc, the sectional line of the base surface of the first grinding disc is a curvature radius R 11 Is a circular arc of (2); the circumference of the center of curvature of the sectional line of the base surface of the first grinding disc, the center of which is positioned on the axis of the first grinding disc, is the base circle of the first grinding disc, and the radius of curvature of the base circle is R 12 ；
The front surface of the second grinding disc comprises one or more spiral grooves and a transition surface connected with the adjacent spiral grooves; the surface of the spiral groove comprises a working surface which is in contact with the processed convexity tapered roller during grinding processing and a non-working surface which is not in contact with the processed convexity tapered roller; the working surface of the spiral groove comprises a first working surface which is contacted with the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller during grinding processing and a second working surface which is contacted with the big-end spherical basal surface or the big-end rounding or the small-end rounding of the processed convexity tapered roller; the first working surface and the second working surface are respectively arranged on the first scanning surface and the second scanning surface, and the first scanning surface and the second scanning surface are uniform-section scanning surfaces; under the constraint of the working surface of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc, the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller is tangent to the first working surface, and the big-end spherical base surface or the big-end rounding or the small-end rounding is tangent to the second working surface; the scanning paths of the first scanning surface and the second scanning surface are equiangular spiral lines of the arc rotating surface, which pass through the midpoint of the mapping of the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller on the axis of the processed convexity tapered roller and are distributed on the convex arc rotating surface; the convex arc rotating surface is a base surface of the second grinding disc, and the axis of the base surface is the axis of the second grinding disc; the generatrix (namely scanning outline) of the first scanning surface and the second scanning surface is arranged in the axial section of the second grinding disc;
In the axial section of the second grinding disc, the sectional line of the base surface of the second grinding disc is a curvature radius R 21 Is a circular arc of (2); the circumference of the center of curvature of the section line of the base surface of the second grinding disc, the center of which is positioned on the axis of the second grinding disc, is the base circle of the second grinding disc, and the radius of curvature of the base circle is R 22 ；
Radius of curvature R of the basal plane section of the second grinding disk 21 Equal to the radius of curvature R of the basal plane section line of the first grinding disc 11 Radius of curvature R of the base circle of the second grinding disc 22 Equal to the radius of curvature R of the base circle of the first grinding disc 12 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The cross-section line of the first grinding disc base surface and the cross-section line of the second grinding disc base surface are either on the same side of the first grinding disc axis and the second grinding disc axis or on both sides of the first grinding disc axis and the second grinding disc axis as the respective centers of curvature;
the base body of the second grinding disc is made of a magnetic conduction material, and an annular magnetic structure is embedded in the base body of the second grinding disc so as to form a magnetic field along the prime line direction of the base surface of the second grinding disc near the front surface of the second grinding disc; a group of annular band-shaped or spiral band-shaped non-magnetic conductive materials are embedded in the front surface of the second grinding disc so as to increase the magnetic resistance of the front surface of the second grinding disc along the direction of the prime line of the base surface of the second grinding disc; the magnetic conductive material of the matrix of the second grinding disc and the embedded annular band-shaped or spiral band-shaped non-magnetic conductive material are tightly connected on the front surface of the second grinding disc and form the front surface of the second grinding disc together;
When the convexity curve of the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller is not the convexity curve which is approximately an arc and corresponds to two symmetrical straight line sections of the cross section contour of the scanning surface where the working surface of the concave arc groove is located, which is matched with the convexity curve, is correspondingly shaped according to the convexity curve of the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller.
Further, the inlets of the concave arc grooves of the first grinding disc are all positioned at the outer edge of the first grinding disc, and the outlets of the concave arc grooves of the first grinding disc are all positioned at the inner edge of the first grinding disc; or the inlets of the concave arc grooves of the first grinding disc are all positioned at the inner edge of the first grinding disc, and the outlets of the concave arc grooves of the first grinding disc are all positioned at the outer edge of the first grinding disc.
When in grinding processing, under the constraint of the working surface of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc, the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller is in line contact (tangent) with the working surface I of the spiral groove, and the big-end spherical basal surface or the big-end rounding or the small-end rounding of the processed convexity tapered roller is in line contact (tangent) with the working surface II of the spiral groove; the machined convexity tapered roller has only a degree of freedom of rotational movement about its own axis.
During grinding, corresponding to each intersection of each spiral groove of the second grinding disc and each concave arc groove of the first grinding disc, a processed convexity tapered roller with a small head end pointing to the cross section contour of a scanning surface where a working surface passing through the spiral groove at the intersection is located is distributed in the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc along the base line of the concave arc groove. Definition: and the area formed by the working surface of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc in a surrounding manner corresponds to each intersection, and is a grinding processing area H.
The invention also provides grinding equipment for finish machining of the rolling surface of the convexity tapered roller made of ferromagnetic materials, which comprises a host, a roller circulation disc external system and a magnetic grinding disc kit;
the host comprises a base, an upright post, a cross beam, a sliding table, an upper tray, a lower tray, an axial loading device and a main shaft device;
the base, the upright posts and the cross beams form a frame of the host;
the first grinding disc of the magnetic grinding disc kit is connected with the lower tray, and the second grinding disc of the magnetic grinding disc kit is connected with the upper tray;
The sliding table is connected with the cross beam through the axial loading device, and the upright post can also serve as a guide component to provide a guide function for the sliding table to move linearly along the axis of the second grinding disc; the sliding table is driven by the axial loading device to linearly move along the axial direction of the second grinding disc under the constraint of the stand column or other guide components;
the main shaft device is used for driving the first grinding disc or the second grinding disc to rotate around the axis of the first grinding disc or the second grinding disc;
the roller circulation outside-disc system comprises a roller collecting device, a roller demagnetizing device, a roller conveying system, a roller finishing mechanism and a roller feeding mechanism;
the roller collecting device is arranged at the outlet of each concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and is used for collecting the processed convexity tapered rollers which leave the grinding processing area H from the outlet of each concave arc groove;
the roller conveying system is used for conveying the processed convexity tapered roller from the roller collecting device to the roller feeding mechanism;
the roller finishing mechanism is arranged at the front end of the roller feeding mechanism and is used for adjusting the axis of the processed convexity tapered roller to the direction required by the roller feeding mechanism and adjusting the direction of the small head end of the processed convexity tapered roller to be the direction which is matched with the section contour of the scanning surface where the working surface of the second grinding disc spiral groove to be entered is located;
During grinding, the magnetic grinding disc sleeve member rotates in two ways; in the first mode, the first grinding disc rotates around the axis of the first grinding disc, and the second grinding disc does not rotate; the second mode is that the first grinding disc does not rotate, and the second grinding disc rotates around the axis of the second grinding disc;
the host has three configurations: a mainframe configured for the magnetic abrasive disk assembly to revolve in a manner; the second main machine type is used for the magnetic grinding disc sleeve member to revolve in a second mode; the third main machine type is suitable for the first rotation of the magnetic grinding disc suite and the second rotation of the magnetic grinding disc suite;
corresponding to host configuration one:
the main shaft device is arranged on the base and drives the first grinding disc to rotate around the axis of the first grinding disc through the lower tray connected with the main shaft device; the upper tray is connected with the sliding table, and the second grinding disc 22 and the upper tray do not rotate;
during grinding, the first grinding disc rotates around the axis; the sliding table approaches to the first grinding disc along the axis of the second grinding disc under the constraint of the upright post or other guide parts, together with an upper tray connected with the sliding table and a second grinding disc connected with the upper tray, and applies working pressure to the processed convexity tapered rollers distributed in each concave arc groove of the first grinding disc;
Each spiral groove of the second grinding disc is provided with a roller feeding mechanism, and the roller feeding mechanisms are respectively arranged at the inlets of the spiral grooves of the second grinding disc and are used for pushing a processed convexity tapered roller into the inlet of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc when the inlet of any concave arc groove of the first grinding disc is intersected with the inlet of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
corresponding to host configuration two:
the main shaft device is arranged on the sliding table, and drives the second grinding disc to rotate around the axis of the second grinding disc through the upper tray connected with the main shaft device; the lower tray is arranged on the base, and the first grinding disc and the lower tray do not rotate;
during grinding, the second grinding disc rotates around the axis; the sliding table approaches to the first grinding disc along the axis of the second grinding disc under the constraint of the upright post or other guide parts, along with a main shaft device, an upper tray connected with the main shaft device and the second grinding disc connected with the upper tray, and applies working pressure to the processed convexity tapered rollers distributed in each concave arc groove of the first grinding disc;
Each concave arc groove of the first grinding disc is provided with a roller feeding mechanism, and the roller feeding mechanisms are respectively arranged at the inlets of the concave arc grooves of the first grinding disc and are used for pushing a processed convexity tapered roller into the inlet of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc when the inlet of any spiral groove of the second grinding disc is intersected with the inlet of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc;
corresponding to host configuration three:
two sets of spindle devices are arranged, one set of spindle device is arranged on the base, the first grinding disc is driven to rotate around the axis of the first grinding disc through the lower tray connected with the spindle device, the other set of spindle device is arranged on the sliding table, and the second grinding disc is driven to rotate around the axis of the second grinding disc through the upper tray connected with the spindle device; the two sets of spindle devices are provided with locking mechanisms, only one of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc is allowed to rotate at the same time, and the other grinding disc is in a circumferential locking state;
when the magnetic grinding disc set of the grinding equipment carries out grinding processing in a way of one revolution, the relative motion of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc is the same as that of the main machine; the installation position and the function of the roller conveyor mechanism are the same as those of the main frame one;
When the magnetic grinding disc set of the grinding equipment carries out grinding processing in a mode II, the relative motion of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc is the same as that of the main machine mode II; the installation position and the function of the roller conveyor mechanism are the same as those of the second main machine form;
during grinding, the processed convexity tapered roller enters a grinding processing area H from an inlet of a concave arc groove of the first grinding disc, leaves the grinding processing area H from an outlet of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc, sequentially enters the inlet of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc through the roller collecting device, the roller conveying system, the roller finishing mechanism and the roller feeding mechanism, and forms a cycle of circular arc feeding of the processed convexity tapered roller between the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc along a base line of the concave arc groove and collecting, conveying, finishing and feeding through a roller circulating disc external system; the path of the circulating outside the magnetic grinding disc suite is the path outside the roller circulating disc, which is defined by the path from the outlet of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc to the inlet of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc sequentially through the roller collecting device, the roller conveying system, the roller finishing mechanism and the roller feeding mechanism;
The roller demagnetizing device is arranged in the roller conveying system in the roller disc outer circulation path or before the roller conveying system and is used for demagnetizing the processed convexity tapered rollers of the ferromagnetic material magnetized by the magnetic field of the annular magnetic structure in the second grinding disc matrix.
Further, during grinding processing, the first grinding disc base surface is overlapped with the second grinding disc base surface; and gaps are reserved between transition surfaces of two adjacent concave arc grooves connected on the front surface of the first grinding disc and transition surfaces of adjacent spiral grooves connected on the front surface of the second grinding disc.
During grinding, the magnetic field intensity of the annular magnetic structure is adjusted, so that the sliding friction driving moment generated when the working face of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc rotates around the axis of the machined convexity tapered roller of the ferromagnetic material is larger than the sliding friction resistance moment generated when the working face of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc rotates around the axis of the machined convexity tapered roller of the ferromagnetic material, and the machined convexity tapered roller of the ferromagnetic material is driven to continuously rotate around the axis of the machined convexity tapered roller of the ferromagnetic material.
The invention also provides a grinding method for finishing the rolling surface of the convexity tapered roller made of ferromagnetic materials by using the grinding equipment, which comprises the following steps:
The first step, the second grinding disc approaches to the first grinding disc along the axis of the second grinding disc, and the space of each grinding processing area H formed by the surrounding of the working surface of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc can only accommodate one processed convexity tapered roller;
step two, corresponding to the first rotary mode of the magnetic grinding disc suite, the axis of the first grinding disc rotates at a low speed of 1-10 rpm relative to the second grinding disc; corresponding to a second rotary mode of the magnetic grinding disc kit, the axis of the second grinding disc rotates at a low speed of 1-10 rpm relative to the first grinding disc; the rotation direction of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc is determined according to the rotation direction of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc and the positions of the inlet and the outlet of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
step three, starting a roller demagnetizing device, a roller conveying system, a roller finishing mechanism and a roller feeding mechanism; adjusting the feeding speed of the roller feeding mechanism to be matched with the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc so as to ensure that when the inlets of the spiral grooves of the second grinding disc are intersected with the inlets of the concave arc grooves of the first grinding disc, under the action of the roller feeding mechanism, each intersection J of the inlet of the processed convexity tapered roller entering the spiral groove and the inlet of the concave arc groove is formed; the conveying speed of the roller conveying system and the finishing speed of the roller finishing mechanism are adjusted to be matched with the feeding speed of the roller feeding mechanism, so that the processed convexity tapered rollers enter the intersection of the inlets in time under the action of the roller feeding mechanism through the roller conveying system and the roller finishing mechanism; the processed convexity tapered roller entering the intersection of the inlet is then entered into the grinding processing area H under the pushing action of the working surface at the inlet of the spiral groove of the second grinding disk due to the relative rotation of the first grinding disk and the second grinding disk; the processed convexity tapered roller entering the grinding processing area H makes circular arc feeding motion along the base line of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc under the continuous pushing action of the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, penetrates through the concave arc groove and leaves the grinding processing area H from the intersection of the outlet of each spiral groove of the second grinding disc and the outlet of each concave arc groove of the first grinding disc; the processed convexity tapered rollers leaving the grinding processing area H sequentially enter an inlet intersection under the action of a roller feeding mechanism after the original sequence is disturbed through a roller collecting device, a roller demagnetizing device, a roller conveying system and a roller finishing mechanism; thereby establishing the circular arc feeding of the processed convexity tapered roller between the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc along the base line of the concave arc groove and the cycle of collecting, conveying, arranging and feeding by a roller circulating system outside the disc;
Step four, adjusting the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc to 15-60 rpm relative working rotation speed, adjusting the feeding speed of the roller feeding mechanism to the working feeding speed to match the relative working rotation speed of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc, and adjusting the conveying speed of the roller conveying system and the finishing speed of the roller finishing mechanism to ensure that the stock of the processed convexity tapered rollers in the outer system of the roller circulating disc is matched, and the circulation is smooth and orderly;
fifthly, filling grinding liquid into the grinding processing area H;
step six, the annular magnetic structure in the second grinding disc matrix enters a working state; the second grinding disc approaches to the first grinding disc along the axis of the second grinding disc, so that the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller in the grinding processing area H is respectively in line contact with the two symmetrical side surfaces of the working surface of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the first working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, the big head spherical basal surface or the big head rounding or the small head rounding of the processed convexity tapered roller is in line contact with the second working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, and an initial working pressure of 0.5-2N is applied to each processed convexity tapered roller distributed in the grinding processing area H; the magnetic field intensity of the annular magnetic structure is adjusted, so that the sliding friction driving moment generated when the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc rotates around the axis of the processed convexity tapered roller of the ferromagnetic material is larger than the sliding friction resistance moment generated when the working surface of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc rotates around the axis of the processed convexity tapered roller of the ferromagnetic material, and the processed convexity tapered roller of the ferromagnetic material is driven to continuously rotate around the axis of the processed convexity tapered roller; meanwhile, the processed convexity tapered roller performs circular arc feeding motion along the base line of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc under the continuous pushing action of the spiral groove working surface; the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller starts to be subjected to grinding processing of the working surface of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface I of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
Step seven, gradually increasing the working pressure of each processed convexity tapered roller distributed in the grinding processing area H to the normal working pressure of 2-50N along with the stable operation of the grinding processing process; the processed convexity tapered roller keeps the line contact relation with the working surface of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, the continuous rotation motion around the axis of the processed convexity tapered roller and the circular arc feeding motion along the base line of the concave arc groove, and the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller continuously carries out the grinding processing of the working surface of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
step eight, performing spot check on the processed convexity tapered roller after a period of grinding processing; when the surface quality, shape precision and size consistency of the rolling surface of the convex tapered roller to be processed, which is subjected to the spot inspection, do not meet the technical requirements, continuing the grinding processing of the step; when the surface quality, the shape precision and the size consistency of the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller of the spot check meet the technical requirements, entering a step nine;
step nine, gradually reducing the working pressure and finally reaching zero; stopping the operation of the roller feeding mechanism, the roller conveying system and the roller finishing mechanism, and adjusting the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc to zero; the annular magnetic structure is switched to a non-working state, and the roller demagnetizing device is stopped; stopping filling the grinding processing area H with the grinding liquid; the second abrasive disk is axially retracted to the rest position.
Before the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc are used for the first time, the working surfaces of the concave arc grooves of the first grinding disc and the working surfaces of the spiral grooves of the second grinding disc are ground by utilizing processed convexity tapered rollers made of ferromagnetic materials with the same geometric parameters; the running-in method is the same as the grinding method of the processed convexity tapered roller; performing spot check on the machined convexity tapered roller which participates in running-in, and entering a running-in process into a step nine when the surface quality, shape precision and size consistency of the rolling surface of the machined convexity tapered roller of the spot check reach technical requirements; otherwise, continuing to step eight.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the grinding process, in each grinding processing area H formed by surrounding the working face of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working face of the spiral groove of the first grinding disc, the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller is respectively in line contact with the two side faces of the working face of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working face I of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, the ball base face of the big head end or the round corner of the small head end of the processed convexity tapered roller is in line contact with the working face II of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, the processed convexity tapered roller rotates around the axis of the second grinding disc under the friction drive of the working face of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, and the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller and the working face of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc relatively slide, so that the grinding processing of the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller is realized. The material removal of the rolling surface is directly related to the contact stress of the rolling surface and the concave arc groove working surface, when the machined convexity tapered roller rolling surface with larger diameter or the high point of the machined convexity tapered roller rolling surface is contacted with the concave arc groove working surface, the contact stress of the rolling surface and the concave arc groove working surface is larger, and the material removal amount of the rolling surface at the contact position is larger; when the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller with smaller diameter or the low point of the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller is contacted with the working surface of the concave arc groove, the contact stress of the rolling surface and the working surface of the concave arc groove is smaller, and the material removal amount of the rolling surface at the contact position is smaller. Therefore, the high-point material is removed more, the low-point material is removed less on the rolling surface of the convexity tapered roller, the material is removed more on the rolling surface of the convexity tapered roller with larger diameter, and the material is removed less on the rolling surface of the convexity tapered roller with smaller diameter.
Due to the open design of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, the processed convexity tapered roller is fed between the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc along the arc of the base line of the concave arc groove to circulate through the collection, conveying, arrangement and feeding of the roller circulation disc external system, and the original sequence of the processed convexity tapered roller can be disturbed when passing through the roller circulation disc external system.
On one hand, the open design of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the spiral groove of the second grinding disc is very suitable for finishing the rolling surfaces of large-batch convexity tapered rollers; on the other hand, the above-mentioned characteristics of more high-point materials and less low-point materials on the rolling surface of the convexity tapered roller, more materials and less materials on the rolling surface of the convexity tapered roller with larger diameter and smaller diameter can be diffused to the whole processing batch by the disordered sequence of the processed convexity tapered rollers when the outside system of the disc is circulated by the roller, so that the shape precision and the size consistency of the rolling surface of the convexity tapered roller in the whole batch can be improved; on the other hand, during grinding, the first grinding disc concave arc groove and the second grinding disc spiral groove have dozens to hundreds of intersections, namely, dozens to hundreds of processed convexity tapered rollers participate in grinding, so that the processing efficiency of the rolling surface of the convexity tapered rollers can be improved, and the processing cost is reduced.
Moreover, due to the arrangement of the magnetic structure in the second grinding disc, the magnetic attraction force of the working face of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc to the processed convexity tapered roller of the ferromagnetic material is introduced into the force balance system of the processed convexity tapered roller of the ferromagnetic material, and is independent of the working pressure applied to the processed convexity tapered roller of the ferromagnetic material by the relative approach of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc during grinding, so that the condition that the sliding friction driving moment generated by the rotation of the working face of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc to the processed convexity tapered roller of the ferromagnetic material around the self axis is larger than the sliding friction resistance moment generated by the rotation of the working face of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc to the processed convexity tapered roller of the ferromagnetic material around the self axis is easier to realize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a magnetic abrasive disk package of the present invention;
FIG. 2 (a) is a schematic view showing the structure of a concave arc groove of a first grinding disc and the contact relation between the rolling surface of a processed convexity tapered roller and the working surface of the concave arc groove;
FIG. 2 (b) is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of a processed convexity tapered roller;
FIG. 2 (c) is a schematic view of a two-dimensional structure of a processed convexity tapered roller;
FIG. 2 (d) is a schematic view of the scan profile of the scan surface of the concave arc groove of the first polishing disc of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first abrasive disk base surface of the present invention;
FIG. 4 (a) is a schematic view of the spiral groove structure of a second abrasive disk of the present invention;
FIG. 4 (b) is a schematic view showing the contact relationship between the processed convexity tapered roller and the spiral groove working surface of the present invention;
FIG. 4 (c) is a schematic illustration of the characteristics of an equiangular spiral of the arcuate surface of revolution of the present invention;
FIG. 5 (a) is a schematic view showing the contact and freedom of movement of the processed convexity tapered roller with the grinding disc in the grinding processing state of the present invention;
fig. 5 (b) is an enlarged view of the portion E in fig. 5 (a);
FIG. 6 (a) is a schematic illustration of the contact of a processed convexity tapered roller with a spiral groove working surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 (b) is a schematic diagram showing the contact between the processed convexity tapered roller and the working surface of the spiral groove;
FIG. 6 (c) is a schematic drawing III of the contact of the processed convexity tapered roller with the working surface of the spiral groove;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the distribution of the processed convexity tapered roller in the concave arc groove and the spiral groove in the grinding processing state of the invention;
FIG. 8 (a) is a schematic view of the magnetic structure of the second polishing disk and the distribution of magnetic fields near the front surface of the second polishing disk according to the present invention;
Fig. 8 (b) is an enlarged view of the F portion in fig. 8 (a), and is a schematic view of a processed convexity tapered roller in which magnetic lines of force pass through a ferromagnetic material in the vicinity of the front surface of the second polishing disc;
FIG. 9 (a) is a schematic view of a main frame of the polishing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 9 (b) is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the main frame of the polishing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 10 (a) is a schematic view of a cycle of a crowned tapered roller of the main frame type of the grinding apparatus of the invention;
FIG. 10 (b) is a schematic view of a cycle of a main frame type double convexity tapered roller of the grinding apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 11 (a) is a schematic view of the circulation of a machined convexity tapered roller of the host machine of the present invention inside and outside a magnetic abrasive disk set;
FIG. 11 (b) is a schematic view of a main frame of the present invention in which a convex tapered roller to be processed enters a grinding processing area under the pushing action of a working surface at the entrance of a spiral groove;
FIG. 12 (a) is a schematic view of the circulation of a two-machined convexity tapered roller of the present invention inside and outside a magnetic abrasive disk set;
FIG. 12 (b) is a schematic view of the present invention of a main frame type two-machined convexity tapered roller entering a grinding machining area under the pushing action of the working face at the entrance of the spiral groove.
In the figure:
11-a base;
12-stand columns;
13-a cross beam;
14-a sliding table;
15-upper tray;
16-a lower tray;
17-axial loading means;
18-a spindle device;
21-a first abrasive disk;
211—front face of first abrasive disk;
2111-concave arc groove of first abrasive disk;
21111-working surface of concave arc groove of first grinding disk;
211111, 211112-two symmetrical sides of the working face of the concave arc groove of the first abrasive disk;
21112-symmetry plane of working face of concave arc groove of first grinding disk;
21113-a scanning surface of the first abrasive disk where the working surface of the concave arc groove is located;
211131-the cross-sectional profile of the scan surface of the concave arc groove of the first abrasive disk in its normal cross-section;
2111311, 2111312-two symmetrical straight line segments of the cross-sectional profile of the scanning surface of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc in the normal cross-section thereof;
211132-symmetry line of the cross-sectional profile of the scanning surface of the concave arc groove of the first abrasive disk in its normal cross-section;
21114-normal cross section of concave arc groove of first grinding disc;
21116—a base line of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc (a scanning path of a scanning surface where a working surface of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc is located, an arc);
211161-tangent to the base line of the concave arc groove of the first abrasive disk;
21117-bottom line of concave arc groove of first grinding disk;
21118-entrance of concave arc groove of first abrasive disk;
21119-exit of concave arc groove of first abrasive disk;
2112-connecting the transition surfaces of two adjacent concave arc grooves of the first grinding disc;
212—a mounting face of a first abrasive disk;
213—axis of the first grinding disc;
214-the base surface of the first abrasive disk (concave circular arc surface of revolution);
2140—a first abrasive disk base circle;
2141—a section of the first abrasive disk base surface within the first abrasive disk shaft section;
215—an axial section of the first grinding disc;
22-a second abrasive disk;
220-a substrate of a second abrasive disk;
221-the front face of a second abrasive disk;
2211-a spiral groove of a second abrasive disc;
22111—working surface of spiral groove of second grinding disc;
221111-working face one of the second grinding disc spiral groove;
221112-working face two of spiral groove of second grinding disk;
22112-the scanning surface where the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc is located;
221121-scanning surface one where the working surface one of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc is located;
221122-scanning surface II where the working surface II of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc is located;
22113—the cross-sectional profile of the scan plane in which the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc is located in the axial cross-section of the second grinding disc;
221131-a first scanning surface on which the first working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc is positioned, and a first cross-sectional profile of the first scanning surface in the axial cross-section of the second grinding disc;
221132-a second cross-sectional profile of a second scanning surface on which a second working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc is positioned in the axial cross section of the second grinding disc;
22116-base line of second grinding disc spiral groove (scan path of scan face where working face of second grinding disc spiral groove is located, right circular cone spiral line);
22117 tangent lines of equiangular spiral lines of the arc rotating surface;
22118-inlet of the second grinding disk spiral groove;
22119-outlet of the second grinding disc spiral groove;
2212-a transition surface connecting each spiral groove of the second abrasive disk;
222-a mounting face of a second abrasive disk;
223-axis of the second abrasive disk;
224—the base surface of the second grinding disc (convex circular arc surface of revolution);
2240-second abrasive disk base circle;
2241-a section line of the second abrasive disk base surface within the second abrasive disk shaft section;
22411-normal to the line of intersection of the second abrasive disk base surface within the second abrasive disk axial cross-section;
2242-plain wires on the base surface of the second grinding disc;
22421-tangent to the plain wire on the base surface of the second grinding disc;
2243-a tangent line on the base surface of the second abrasive disk;
225-a second abrasive disk shaft section;
226-an annular magnetic structure inside the second abrasive disk substrate;
227-a magnetic field (magnetic lines of force) formed by an annular magnetic structure inside the second polishing disk substrate;
228-a circular band-shaped or spiral band-shaped non-magnetic conductive material;
3-a processed convexity tapered roller;
31-the axis of the processed convexity tapered roller;
32-rolling surfaces of the machined convexity tapered rollers;
321-contact lines of the linear contact between the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller and the two symmetrical side surfaces of the working surface of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc;
322-a contact line of the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller with the first working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
33-small head ends of processed convexity tapered rollers;
331-small head end rounding of the processed convexity tapered roller;
3312-contact line of the small-end chamfer of the processed convexity tapered roller with the working surface II of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
34-big head end of processed convexity tapered roller;
341-rounding the large end of the processed convexity tapered roller;
3412-a contact line of the rounded corner of the large end of the processed convexity tapered roller with the second working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
342-the ball basal plane of the large head end of the processed convexity tapered roller;
3422-contact line of linear contact between the ball basal surface of the large head end of the processed convexity tapered roller and the working surface II of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
4-a roller circulation off-disc system;
41-a roller collection device;
42-roller demagnetizing device;
43-roller conveyor system;
44-a roller finishing mechanism;
45-roller feed mechanism;
451-roller feed channels;
4511-locating surface of roller feed channel;
452-butting helical grooves;
4521-abutting helical groove faces;
45211-butt-joint spiral groove working face one;
45212-butt-joint spiral groove working face two;
C. d-two end points of the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller, which are mapped on the axis of the rolling surface;
during G-grinding, the intersection of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
h-the area formed by the working surface of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc in a surrounding manner corresponding to each intersection G during grinding;
during J-grinding, the intersection of the inlet of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the inlet of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
during K-grinding, the intersection of the concave arc groove outlet of the first grinding disc and the spiral groove outlet of the second grinding disc;
M 1 /M 2 -the midpoint of any one of two symmetrical straight line segments of the cross-sectional profile of the scanning plane in which the working face of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc is located, in its normal cross-section;
O 1 -the centre of curvature of the first grinding disc base surface in the section of the first grinding disc axis;
O 2 -the centre of curvature of the section line of the second grinding disc base surface in the second grinding disc shaft section;
p-a moving point on a plain wire on the base surface of the second grinding disc;
Q 2 -the base points of the first and second cross-sectional profiles of the scanning surface of the spiral groove in the axial cross-section of the second grinding disc, on which the working surface of the spiral groove is located, in the axial cross-section of the second grinding disc;
Q 3 -the midpoint of the mapping of the machined convexity tapered roller rolling surface on its axis;
the included angle between the axis of the processed convexity tapered roller and the tangent line of the base line of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc at the intersection point Q is formed during gamma-grinding processing;
2 theta-an included angle of two symmetrical straight line segments of a cross section outline of a scanning surface where a working surface of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc is positioned in a normal cross section of the scanning surface;
-taper angle of the processed convexity tapered roller;
the lambda-arc rotation surface is equal in angle to the helix angle of the helical line;
delta-convexity value of convexity curve of rolling surface of processed convexity tapered roller;
l 1 Two pairs of cross-sectional profiles of the scanning plane in which the working surface of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc is located, in its normal cross-sectionThe distance between the midpoint of any one of the straight line segments and the intersection point of the extension lines of the two straight line segments is called;
l 2 -the length of any one of two symmetrical straight line segments of the cross-sectional profile of the scanning plane in its normal cross-section, constituting the working face of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc;
l-axial length of the rolling surface of the processed convexity tapered roller;
r-the radius of the large head end of the processed convexity tapered roller;
R 11 -the radius of curvature of the first grinding disc base surface in the section of the first grinding disc axis;
R 12 -a radius of curvature of a base circle of the first abrasive disk;
R 21 -the radius of curvature of the section line of the second grinding disc base surface in the second grinding disc shaft section;
R 22 -a radius of curvature of the base circle of the second abrasive disk;
R b -a radius of curvature of a bottom line of the concave arc groove of the first abrasive disk;
SR-radius of spherical basal plane of large head end of processed convexity tapered roller;
d-embedding depth of the annular band-shaped or spiral band-shaped non-magnetic conductive material;
s-embedding pitch (or pitch) of the annular band-shaped or spiral band-shaped non-magnetic conductive material;
t-thickness of the non-magnetic material in the shape of a circular band or a spiral band.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings. The embodiments described by referring to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the constituent parts described in the following embodiments are not limited to those described specifically.
The invention provides a magnetic grinding disc kit for finishing the rolling surface of a convexity tapered roller of a ferromagnetic material (such as GCr15, G20CrNi2MoA, cr4Mo4V and the like), which comprises a pair of first grinding discs 21 and second grinding discs 22 which are coaxial 213 and 223, wherein the front surface 211 of the first grinding disc 21 is opposite to the front surface 221 of the second grinding disc 22, as shown in figure 1, reference numeral 213 is the axis of the first grinding disc (namely, the axis of the concave arc rotating surface in the base surface 214 of the first grinding disc), and reference numeral 223 is the axis of the second grinding disc (namely, the axis of the convex arc rotating surface of the base surface 224 of the second grinding disc).
The mounting surface 212 of the first grinding disc and the mounting surface 222 of the second grinding disc are opposite to the front surface 211 of the first grinding disc and the front surface 221 of the second grinding disc respectively, and the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 are connected with corresponding mounting foundations on the convexity tapered roller rolling surface finishing grinding equipment through the respective mounting surfaces 212/222 respectively.
The front surface 211 of the first grinding disk 21 includes a set (not less than 3) of radially-distributed concave arc grooves 2111 and a transition surface 2112 connecting adjacent concave arc grooves 2111.
As shown in fig. 2 (a), the surface of the concave arc groove 2111 includes a working surface 21111 which comes into contact with the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller 3 of the convexity to be machined at the time of grinding and a non-working surface which does not come into contact with the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller of the convexity to be machined. Fig. 2 (b) and 2 (c) show a three-dimensional structure and a two-dimensional structure of the processed convexity tapered roller 3, respectively.
As shown in fig. 2 (a), the concave arc groove working surface 21111 is on a scanning surface 21113 with symmetrical sides, and the scanning surface 21113 is a constant cross section scanning surface; the scan path of the scan surface 21113 is circular, and the generatrix (i.e., scan profile) of the scan surface 21113 is within the normal section 21114 of the concave arc channel 2111. The normal section 21114 is a plane perpendicular to a tangent of the scan path (circular arc) of the concave arc groove 21111 and passing through the corresponding tangent point.
As shown in fig. 2 (d), in the normal section 21114 of the concave arc groove 2111, the cross-sectional profile 211131 of the scanning surface 21113 (the scanning profile in the normal section 21114) is two symmetrical straight line segments 2111311/2111312, and the midpoint M of any of the straight line segments 2111311/2111312 1 /M 2 The distance between the two straight line segment extension lines and the intersection point is l 1 The length of any straight line 2111311/2111312 is l 2 And the included angle between the two straight line sections is 2 theta. The convexity curve of the machined convexity tapered roller rolling surface 32 corresponding to the two symmetric straight line segments 2111311/2111312 of the cross-section profile 211131 of the scanning surface 21113 where the concave arc groove working surface 21111 is formed is approximately an arc, and the convexity value of the convexity curve is delta.
As shown in fig. 2 (a), define: an arc passing through the intersection of the extension lines of the two straight line segments 2111311/2111312, being in the same plane with the arc scanning path of the scanning surface 21113 and having the same curvature center is a bottom line 21117 of the concave arc groove 2111.
The symmetry plane 21112 of the concave arc channel working surface 21111 is a plane containing the symmetry line 211132 of the cross-sectional profile 211131 of the scanning surface 21113 and the scanning path of the scanning surface 21113. The axis 31 of the machined convexity tapered roller is in the symmetry plane 21112 of the concave arc groove working surface 21111 during grinding, the rolling surface 32 of the machined convexity tapered roller is in line contact (tangent) with the two symmetrical side surfaces 211111 and 211112 of the concave arc groove working surface 21111, reference numeral 321 is a contact line in line contact, and the larger head end 34 of the small head end 33 of the machined convexity tapered roller is closer to the bottom line 21117 of the concave arc groove. The circular arc scan path of the scan surface 21113 passes through the midpoint Q of the map CD of the rolling surface 32 of the convex tapered roller being machined on its axis 31 3 Definition: the circular arc scan path is the base line 21116 of the concave arc groove 2111, the base line 21116 of the concave arc groove having the same center of curvature as the base line 21117.
The specific meaning of the scan surface 21113 being a constant cross section scan surface is: the cross-sectional profile 211131 of the scanning surface 21113 remains unchanged within the normal cross-section 21114 at different locations of the base line 21116 of the concave arc groove.
It can be understood that the relation between the scanning surface and the working surface thereon is as follows: the scanning surface determines the shape, position and boundary of the working surface, and the scanning surface is a continuous surface; the working surface and the corresponding scanning surface have the same shape, position and boundary, and the working surface can be discontinuous without affecting the contact relation between the convexity tapered roller 3 and the working surface and the grinding uniformity of the convexity tapered roller rolling surface 32.
As shown in fig. 3, the base lines 21116 of all the concave arc grooves are distributed on a concave arc rotation surface, and define: the concave circular arc rotation surface is a base surface 214 of the first grinding disc, and an axis of the base surface 214 is an axis 213 of the first grinding disc 21. In the axial section 215 of the first grinding disk, the base section 2141 has a radius of curvature R 11 Is a circular arc of (a). Center of curvature O of the section line 2141 defining the base surface 1 The circumference of the circle on the first grinding disc axis 213 is the base circle 2140 of the first grinding disc, the radius of curvature of the base circle 2140 is R 12 . When R is 12 When =0, the base surface 214 of the first polishing plate has a radius of curvature R 11 Is a concave spherical surface.
The base lines 21116 of all the concave arc grooves are within the axial section 215 of the first abrasive disk, and the symmetry plane 21112 of all the concave arc groove working surfaces 21111 coincides with the axial section 215 of the first abrasive disk containing the base lines 21116 of the concave arc grooves.
As shown in fig. 2 (a) and 2 (c), the half cone angle of the processed convexity tapered roller 3 isFor a given large head end radius R, rolling surface axial length L, cone angle +.>The curvature radius of the base line 21116 and the bottom line 21117 of the concave arc groove corresponding to the processed convexity tapered roller 3 with the convexity value delta of the convexity curve of the rolling surface is R respectively 11 And R is b The base line 21116 of the concave arc groove 2111 intersects with the axis 31 of the processed convexity tapered roller, and the intersection point is positioned on the processed convexity tapered rollerMidpoint Q of the mapping CD of the sub-rolling surface 32 on its axis 31 3 The intersection point Q of the axis 31 of the processed convexity tapered roller 3 and the base line 21116 of the concave arc groove 2111 3 The included angle of the tangent 211161 of (2) is gamma, and:
the midpoint M of any straight line 2111311/2111312 of two symmetrical straight line segments forming the cross-section outline 211131 of the scanning surface where the concave arc groove working surface is located, corresponding to the given processed convexity tapered roller 3 1 /M 2 Distance l from the intersection of the two straight-line segment extensions 1 Length l of any one of the straight line segments 2111311/2111312 2 And the radii of curvature of the base lines 21116 and bottom lines 21117 of the concave arc grooves are R 11 And R is b The convex tapered roller rolling surface 32 to be machined can be determined analytically or graphically by means of three-dimensional design software based on the line contact (tangential) relationship with the concave arc groove working surface 21111 at the time of grinding machining.
The structural relationship between the scanning surface 21113 where the concave arc groove working surface adapted to the given processed convexity tapered roller 3 is located and the processed convexity tapered roller 3 can be expressed as: determining the relative position and posture of the axis 31 of the processed convexity tapered roller relative to the base line 21116 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disk in the symmetry plane 21112 of the working face of the concave arc groove according to the constraint relation of the working face 21111 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disk to the given processed convexity tapered roller 3 during grinding, namely that the intersection of the axis 31 of the processed convexity tapered roller and the base line 21116 of the concave arc groove intersects with the midpoint Q of the mapping CD of the rolling surface 32 of the processed convexity tapered roller on the axis 31 thereof 3 And the intersection point Q of the axis 31 of the processed convexity tapered roller 3 and the base line 21116 of the concave arc groove 3 An included angle of a tangent 211161 of (a) is gamma, and the processed convexity tapered roller 3 is opposite to the angleThe first grinding disc 21 moves along the base line 21116 of the concave arc groove in an arc manner, so that the material, which is physically interfered with the rolling surface 32 of the processed convexity tapered roller at the front 211 of the first grinding disc, is removed, and two symmetrical surfaces, which are physically formed at the front 211 and are related to the rolling surface 32 of the processed convexity tapered roller, are the scanning surfaces 21113 where the working surface of the concave arc groove is located.
Meets the requirements of the radius R of the large head end of the tapered roller with given convexity to be processed, the axial length L of the rolling surface and the cone angleConvexity value delta of rolling surface convexity curve, cross-section profile 211131 of scanning surface 21113 where concave arc groove working surface 21111 is located, curvature radius R of base line 21116 and base line 21117 of concave arc groove, and linear contact (tangency) relation of machined convexity tapered roller rolling surface 32 and concave arc groove working surface 21111 at grinding process 11 And R is b And the intersection point Q of the machined convexity tapered roller axis 31 and the concave arc groove base line 21116 3 The combination of included angles gamma of the tangents 211161 to (a) is not exclusive.
When the convexity curve of the rolling surface 32 of the machined convexity tapered roller is not the convexity curve of the arc-shaped arc corresponding to the two symmetric straight line segments 2111311/2111312 of the cross-section contour 211131 of the scanning surface 21113 where the working surface 21111 of the concave arc groove is located, which corresponds to the convexity curve of the arc-shaped arc curve, is required to be correspondingly modified according to the convexity curve of the rolling surface 32 of the machined convexity tapered roller. The cross-sectional profile 211131 after modification is two symmetrical curved sections that are concave inward toward the solid body of the first abrasive disk 21. The included angle between the tangent lines of the two curve segments at the respective midpoints is 2θ, and the arc passing through the intersection point of the tangent lines of the two curve segments at the respective midpoints and being in the same plane with the arc scanning path of the scanning surface 21113 and having the same curvature center is the bottom line 21117 of the concave arc groove 2111.
During grinding, the processed convexity tapered roller 3 sequentially enters the concave arc grooves 2111 from the inlet 21118 of each concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc, penetrates through the concave arc grooves 2111 and leaves the concave arc grooves 2111 from the outlet 21119 of each corresponding concave arc groove 2111.
The inlet 21118 of each concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc is disposed at the outer edge of the first grinding disc 21, and the outlet 21119 of each concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc is disposed at the inner edge of the first grinding disc 21. Or the inlets 21118 of the concave arc grooves 2111 of the first grinding disc are all arranged at the inner edge of the first grinding disc 21, and the outlets 21119 of the concave arc grooves 2111 of the first grinding disc are all arranged at the outer edge of the first grinding disc 21. It is recommended that the inlet 21118 of each concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc is provided at the outer edge of the first grinding disc 21, and the outlet 21119 of each concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc is provided at the inner edge of the first grinding disc 21.
It is recommended that all of the concave arc grooves 2111 be evenly distributed about the axis 213 of the first grinding disk.
As shown in fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the front surface 221 of the second polishing disc includes one or more spiral grooves 2211 and a transition surface 2212 connecting adjacent spiral grooves 2211, and two spiral grooves are shown in fig. 4 (a), 5 (a), 7, 8 (a), 9 (b), 10 (a), 10 (b), 11 (a) and 12 (a).
The surface of the spiral groove 2211 includes a working surface which is in contact with the processed convexity tapered roller 3 at the time of grinding processing and a non-working surface which is not in contact with the processed convexity tapered roller 3.
The working surface 22111 of the spiral groove includes a first working surface 221111 which is in contact with the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller with convexity to be machined during grinding and a second working surface 221112 which is in contact with the ball base surface 342 (or the large-end rounded corner 341 or the small-end rounded corner 331) of the tapered roller with convexity to be machined.
The first 221111 and second 221112 working surfaces are on the first 221121 and second 221122 scanning surfaces,the first scan plane 221121 and the second scan plane 221122 are both constant cross-section scan planes. The rolling surface 32 and the large-head spherical base surface 342 (or the large-head rounded corner 341 or the small-head rounded corner 331) of the convex tapered roller to be machined under the constraint of the concave arc groove working surface 21111 of the first grinding disc are tangent to the first working surface 221111 and the second working surface 221112 respectively. The scan paths 22116 of the first 221121 and second 221122 scan surfaces are the same and are each the midpoint Q of the CD of the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller with convexity on its axis 31 3 And the circular arc rotary surface equiangular spiral lines are distributed on a convex circular arc rotary surface.
Definition: the scanning paths 22116 of the first scanning surface 221121 and the second scanning surface 221122 where the first working surface 221111 and the second working surface 221112 are located are the base lines of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc, the convex arc rotating surface is the base surface 224 of the second grinding disc, and the axis of the base surface 224 is the axis 223 of the second grinding disc 22.
The circular arc rotation surface equiangular spiral line 22116 is characterized in that: as shown in fig. 4 (c), a line 2242 on the circular arc rotary surface 224 rotates around the axis 223 of the circular arc rotary surface 224, a moving point P moves along the line 2242 in a circular arc, an included angle λ between a tangent 22117 of the moving point P and a tangent 2243 of the circular arc rotary surface 224 perpendicular to the line 22421 of the line 2242 is a constant angle, and λ is equal to 0. The locus of the moving point P is the circular arc rotation surface equiangular spiral line 22116, and the included angle λ is the helix angle of the circular arc rotation surface equiangular spiral line 22116.
As shown in fig. 4 (a), in the axial section 225 of the second grinding disc, the base section 2241 has a radius of curvature R 21 Is a circular arc of (a). Center of curvature O of a section line 2241 defining the base plane 2 The circumference of the second grinding disc on the axis 223 of the second grinding disc is the base circle 2240 of the second grinding disc, and the radius of curvature of the base circle 2240 is R 22 . When R is 22 When =0, the base 224 of the second polishing plate has a radius of curvature R 21 Is a convex spherical surface.
The generatrix (i.e., scan profile) of the first 221121 and second 221122 scan surfaces are both within the axial cross section 225 of the second abrasive disk.
Definition: the intersection point of the base line 22116 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disk and the axial section 225 of the second grinding disk is the base point Q of the first 221131 and the second 221132 cross-sectional profiles 221121 and the second 221122 scan planes of the first 221111 and the second 221112 scan planes 2 The base point Q 2 On the base section line 2241 of the second abrasive disk. During grinding, the base point Q 2 Midpoint Q of the map CD with the machined convexity tapered roller rolling surface 32 on its axis 31 3 And (5) overlapping.
The specific meaning of the first scanning surface 221121 and the second scanning surface 221122 being equal-section scanning surfaces is as follows: in the second abrasive disk shaft section 225 at a different location from the base line 22116 of the spiral groove, the first 221131 and second 221132 cross-sectional profiles of the first 221121 and the second 221122 scan surfaces remain unchanged and are at the base point Q with the second abrasive disk base section 2241 2 The normal 22411 at that point remains synchronously deflected.
Radius of curvature R of base section line 2241 of the second abrasive disk 21 Equal to the radius of curvature R of the basal plane section 2141 of the first abrasive disc 11 Radius of curvature R of the second abrasive disk base circle 2240 22 Radius of curvature R equal to the first abrasive disk base circle 2140 12 . The first and second abrasive disk base sections 2141, 2241 and the respective center of curvature O 1 And O 2 Either on the same side of the first and second grinding disc axes 213, 223 or on both sides of the first and second grinding disc axes 213, 223.
In the grinding process, under the constraint of the working surface 21111 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc, as shown in fig. 5 (a), fig. 5 (b) is an enlarged scale of the E portion of fig. 5 (a), the rolling surface 32 of the convex tapered roller to be processed is in line contact (tangent) with the working surface one 221111 of the spiral groove, and the large-head spherical base surface 342 (or the large-head rounded corner 341 or the small-head rounded corner 331) of the convex tapered roller to be processed is in line contact (tangent) with the working surface two 221112 of the spiral groove. The machined convexity tapered roller 3 has only a degree of freedom of rotational movement about its own axis 31.
During the polishing process, when the processed convexity tapered rollers 3 in the different concave arc grooves 2111 of the first polishing disc are distributed in the same spiral groove 2211 of the second polishing disc, the directions of the small head ends 33 in the different concave arc grooves 2111 of the first polishing disc are the same. The orientation of the small head end 33 depends on the cross-sectional profile 22113 of the scanning surface 22112 of the spiral groove 2211 where the processed convexity tapered roller 3 is located, or both the outlet 21119 of the first grinding disk concave arc groove 2111, or both the inlet 21118 of the first grinding disk concave arc groove 2111. When the processed convexity tapered rollers 3 in the same concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc are distributed in different spiral grooves 2211 of the second grinding disc, the directions of the small head ends 33 in the same concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc may be different. Fig. 4 (a), fig. 5 (a), fig. 7, fig. 8 (a), fig. 9 (b), fig. 10 (a), fig. 10 (b), fig. 11 (a) and fig. 12 (a) show two spiral grooves, wherein the small head end 33 of the machined convexity tapered roller 3 corresponding to the cross-sectional profile 22113 of the scanning surface 22112 where the working surface 22111 of one spiral groove is located is directed to the outlet 21119 of the concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc, and the small head end 33 of the machined convexity tapered roller 3 corresponding to the cross-sectional profile 22113 of the scanning surface 22112 where the working surface 22111 of the other spiral groove is located is directed to the inlet 21118 of the concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc.
As shown in fig. 6 (a), when the small end 33 of the processed convexity tapered roller 3 in the concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc is directed to the outlet 21119 of the concave arc groove 2111, the large end spherical basal surface 342 of the processed convexity tapered roller makes line contact with the working surface two 221112 of the spiral groove, and reference numeral 3422 is a contact line where line contact occurs.
As shown in fig. 6 (b), when the small end 33 of the processed convexity tapered roller 3 in the concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc points to the outlet 21119 of the concave arc groove 2111 and the helix angle λ of the base line 22116 of the spiral groove is greater than a certain value or the radius SR of the large end spherical base surface 342 of the processed convexity tapered roller is greater than a certain value, the large end rounded corner 341 of the processed convexity tapered roller makes line contact with the working surface two 221112 of the spiral groove, and reference numeral 3412 is a contact line making line contact.
As shown in fig. 6 (c), when the small end 33 of the processed convexity tapered roller 3 in the concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc is directed to the inlet 21118 of the concave arc groove 2111, the small end rounded corner 331 of the processed convexity tapered roller makes line contact with the working face two 221112 of the spiral groove, and reference numeral 3312 is a contact line where line contact occurs.
As shown in fig. 6 (a), 6 (b) and 6 (c), reference numeral 322 is a contact line of the rolling surface 32 of the processed convexity tapered roller with the working surface one 221111 of the spiral groove.
As shown in fig. 4 (b), the cross-sectional profile one 221131 of the scan plane one 221121 on which the spiral groove work plane one 221111 is located (the scan profile of the scan plane one 221121 in the second grinding wheel shaft section 225) is directly related to the line contact relationship of the machined convex tapered roller rolling surface 32 and the spiral groove work plane one 221111 and the spiral groove base line 22116.
The second cross-sectional profile 221132 of the second scan surface 221122 on which the second working surface 331112 of the spiral groove is located (the scan profile of the second scan surface 221122 in the second grinding disc shaft cross-section 225) is directly related to the line contact relationship between the large-head spherical base 342 (or the large-head rounded corner 341 or the small-head rounded corner 331) of the convex tapered roller to be processed and the second working surface 221112 of the spiral groove, and the baseline 22116 of the spiral groove.
The first 221131 of the first 221121 of the first 221111 of the working surfaces of the spiral groove and the second 221132 of the second 221122 of the second 221112 of the working surfaces of the spiral groove can be determined according to the line contact relationship between the rolling surface 32 of the processed convexity tapered roller and the first 221111 of the working surface of the spiral groove, the line contact relationship between the large-head spherical base surface 342 (or the large-head rounded corner 341 or the small-head rounded corner 331) of the processed convexity tapered roller and the second 221112 of the working surface of the spiral groove, and the base line 22116 of the spiral groove, respectively, by using an analytic method or by using a three-dimensional design software.
The structural relationship between the scanning surface 221121 on which the spiral groove working surface 22111 corresponding to the given convex tapered roller 3 is located and the convex tapered roller 3 can be expressed as: determining the position and the posture of the axis 31 of the processed convexity tapered roller relative to the base surface 224 of the second grinding disk and the base line 22116 of the spiral groove according to the constraint relation of the working surface 21111 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disk to the given processed convexity tapered roller 3, the structural relation of the first grinding disk 21 and the second grinding disk 22 and the relative position relation during grinding, namely, the intersection of the axis 31 of the processed convexity tapered roller in the axial section 225 of the second grinding disk and the sectional line 2241 of the base surface 224 of the second grinding disk in the axial section 225 of the second grinding disk to the midpoint Q of the mapping CD of the rolling surface 32 of the processed convexity tapered roller on the axis 31 3 And an angle y with the section line 2241 and intersects the base line 22116 of the second grinding disk spiral groove at a midpoint Q of the map CD of the machined convexity tapered roller rolling surface 32 on its axis 31 3 . In combination with the direction of the small head end 33 of the processed convexity tapered roller 3 in the concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc, the processed convexity tapered roller 3 is subjected to arc-shaped rotation surface equiangular spiral motion relative to the second grinding disc 22 along the base line 22116 of the spiral groove. When the small head end 33 of the processed convexity tapered roller 3 in the concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc points to the outlet 21119 of the concave arc groove 2111, the material of the second grinding disc, which physically interferes with the rolling surface 32 of the processed convexity tapered roller and the large head end ball base surface 342 (or large head end chamfer 341) at the front 221 is removed, and the physically formed surfaces, which physically relate to the rolling surface 32 of the processed convexity tapered roller and the large head end ball base surface 342 (or large head end chamfer 341), at the front 221 are the first working surface and the second working surface of the spiral groove The cross-sectional profile 22113 of the scanning surface 22112 where the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove is located is adapted to the processed convexity tapered roller 3 with the small end 33 pointing to the outlet 21119 of the concave arc groove 2111. When the small head end 33 of the processed convexity tapered roller 3 in the concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc points to the inlet 21118 of the concave arc groove 2111, the material that the second grinding disc physically interferes with the rolling surface 32 of the processed convexity tapered roller and the small head end chamfer 331 at the front 221 is removed, and the surfaces physically formed at the front 221 and related to the rolling surface 32 of the processed convexity tapered roller and the small head end chamfer 331 are the first scanning surface 221121 and the second scanning surface 221122 where the first working surface 221111 and the second working surface 221112 of the spiral groove are located, and the cross-section outline 22113 of the scanning surface 22112 where the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove is located is adapted to the processed convexity tapered roller 3 where the small head end 33 points to the outlet 21118 of the concave arc groove 2111.
When the inlet 21118 of the first grinding disc concave arc groove 2111 is provided at the outer edge of the first grinding disc 21 and the outlet 21119 of the first grinding disc concave arc groove 2111 is provided at the inner edge of the first grinding disc 21, the inlet 22118 of the second grinding disc spiral groove 2211 is provided at the outer edge of the second grinding disc 22 and the outlet 22119 of the second grinding disc spiral groove 2211 is provided at the inner edge of the second grinding disc 22. When the inlet 21118 of the first grinding disc concave arc groove 2111 is provided at the inner edge of the first grinding disc 21 and the outlet 21119 of the first grinding disc concave arc groove 2111 is provided at the outer edge of the first grinding disc 21, the inlet 22118 of the second grinding disc spiral groove 2211 is provided at the inner edge of the second grinding disc 22 and the outlet 22119 of the second grinding disc spiral groove 2211 is provided at the outer edge of the second grinding disc 22.
It is recommended that all the spiral grooves 2211 are uniformly distributed around the axis 223 of the second grinding disc.
During the polishing process, the first polishing pad base surface 214 is overlapped with the second polishing pad base surface 224; a gap exists between a transition surface 2112 of the first polishing front surface 211, which connects two adjacent concave arc grooves 2111, and a transition surface 2212 of the second polishing front surface 221, which connects two adjacent spiral grooves 2211.
As shown in fig. 7, during the polishing process, corresponding to each intersection G of the spiral groove 2211 of the second polishing disc and the concave arc groove 2111 of the first polishing disc, a processed convexity tapered roller 3 having a small head end 33 pointing to a scanning surface 22112 where the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove 2211 passes through the intersection G is distributed along the concave arc groove 2111 in the concave arc groove 2111 of the first polishing disc. Definition: corresponding to each intersection G, a region surrounded by the working surface 21111 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc is a grinding processing region H.
As shown in fig. 8, the base 220 of the second polishing disc 22 is made of a magnetically conductive material, and an annular magnetic structure 226 is embedded in the base 220 of the second polishing disc 22 to form a magnetic field 227 along a plain line 2242 of the second polishing disc base surface 224 near the front surface 221 of the second polishing disc. A set of annular band-shaped (or spiral band-shaped) non-magnetic conductive materials 228 are embedded on the front surface 221 of the second polishing disc to increase the magnetic resistance of the front surface 221 of the second polishing disc along the direction of the prime line 2241 of the base surface 224 of the second polishing disc. The magnetically permeable material of the base 220 of the second abrasive disk and the embedded annular band (or spiral band) non-magnetically permeable material 228 are tightly connected to the front surface 221 of the second abrasive disk and together form the front surface 221 of the second abrasive disk. The thickness t, the embedding depth d and the spacing (or pitch) s of the annular band-shaped (or spiral band-shaped) non-magnetic conductive material 228 are required to meet the requirements of the front surface 221 of the second grinding disc on structural strength and rigidity; on the other hand, it should be ensured that the magnetic field lines 227 near the working surface 22111 of the second polishing disc spiral groove preferentially pass through the machined convexity tapered roller 3 of a ferromagnetic material in contact with the working surface 22111 of the second polishing disc spiral groove during polishing.
The annular magnetic structure 226 inside the second grinding disc substrate may be an electromagnetic structure or an electrically controlled permanent magnetic structure.
The magnetic conductive material is a soft magnetic material with higher magnetic permeability, such as soft iron, low carbon steel, soft magnetic alloy, etc., and the non-magnetic conductive material 228 is a non-ferromagnetic material, such as a colored metal, austenitic stainless steel, etc.
The invention also provides grinding equipment for finishing the rolling surface of the convexity tapered roller of ferromagnetic materials, which comprises a main machine, a roller circulation disc external system 4 and the magnetic grinding disc kit 2, as shown in fig. 9 (a) and 9 (b).
The main machine comprises a base 11, upright posts 12, a cross beam 13, a sliding table 14, an upper tray 15, a lower tray 16, an axial loading device 17 and a main shaft device 18.
The base 11, the upright 12 and the cross beam 13 form a frame of the host.
The first grinding disc 21 of the magnetic grinding disc set 2 is connected with the lower tray 16, and the second grinding disc 22 of the magnetic grinding disc set 2 is connected with the upper tray 15.
The sliding table 14 is connected with the cross beam 13 through the axial loading device 17, and the upright post 12 can also serve as a guiding component to provide a guiding function for the sliding table 14 to move linearly along the axis of the second grinding disc. The sliding table 14 is driven by the axial loading device 17 to linearly move along the axial direction of the second grinding disc 22 under the constraint of the upright post 12 or other guiding components.
The spindle device 18 is used to drive the first grinding disk 21 or the second grinding disk 22 in rotation about its axis.
As shown in fig. 10 (a) and 10 (b), the roller circulation off-disc system 4 includes a roller collecting device 41, a roller demagnetizing device 42, a roller conveying system 43, a roller finishing mechanism 44, and a roller feeding mechanism 45.
The roller collecting device 41 is arranged at the outlet 21119 of each concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc, and is used for collecting the processed convexity tapered roller 3 which leaves the grinding processing area H from the outlet 21119 of each concave arc groove 2111.
The roller conveying system 43 is used for conveying the processed convexity tapered roller 3 from the roller collecting device 41 to the roller feeding mechanism 45.
The roller finishing mechanism 44 is disposed at the front end of the roller feeding mechanism 45, and is used for adjusting the axis 31 of the processed convexity tapered roller to the direction required by the roller feeding mechanism 45, and adjusting the direction of the small head end 33 of the processed convexity tapered roller 3 to the direction corresponding to the section contour 22113 of the scanning surface 22112 where the working surface 22111 of the second grinding disc spiral groove 2211 is located.
During the polishing process, there are two ways of turning the magnetic polishing disc kit 2; in the first mode, the first polishing disk 21 rotates around its axis, and the second polishing disk 22 does not rotate; in the second mode, the first polishing disk 21 does not rotate, and the second polishing disk 22 rotates around its axis.
The host has three configurations: a mainframe-type magnetic abrasive disk assembly 2 for rotating in a manner; the second main frame type is used for the second rotation of the magnetic grinding disc kit 2 in a second mode; the third main machine type is suitable for both the first rotation of the magnetic grinding disc assembly 2 and the second rotation of the magnetic grinding disc assembly 2.
Corresponding to the first main frame configuration, as shown in fig. 9 (a), the spindle device 18 is mounted on the base 11, and drives the first grinding disk 21 to rotate around its axis by the lower tray 16 connected thereto; the upper tray 15 is connected to the slide table 14, and the second grinding disc 22 and the upper tray 15 do not rotate.
During the grinding process, the first grinding wheel 21 rotates about its axis 213 relative to the second grinding wheel 22. The rotation direction of the first grinding disc 21 is determined according to the rotation direction of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc and the positions of the inlet 22118 and the outlet 22119 of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc, so as to ensure that the processed convexity tapered roller 3 can enter the concave arc groove 2111 from the inlet 21118 of each concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc and leave the concave arc groove 2111 from the outlet 21119 of each corresponding concave arc groove 2111. The sliding table 14 approaches the first grinding disc 21 along the axis of the second grinding disc 22 under the constraint of the upright post 12 or other guiding components, together with the upper tray 15 connected with the sliding table and the second grinding disc 22 connected with the upper tray, and applies working pressure to the processed convexity tapered rollers 3 distributed in the concave arc grooves of the first grinding disc 21.
As shown in fig. 11 (a) and 11 (b), each spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc is provided with a roller feeding mechanism 45, and the roller feeding mechanism 45 is respectively installed at an inlet 22118 of each spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc, and is used for pushing a processed convexity tapered roller 3 into an inlet 21118 of each concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc when the inlet 21118 of each concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc intersects with an inlet 22118 of each spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc.
The roller feeding mechanism 45 is internally provided with a roller feeding channel 451 and a section of butt-joint spiral groove 452, the working surface 4521 of the butt-joint spiral groove 452 is a continuation of the working surface 22111 of the second grinding disc spiral groove in the roller feeding mechanism 45, the working surface 4521 of the butt-joint spiral groove comprises a first working surface 45211 and a second working surface 45212 which are respectively contacted with the rolling surface 32 and the large-head spherical base surface 342 (or the large-head filleting 341 or the small-head filleting 331) of the processed convex conical roller 3 in the feeding process of the processed convex conical roller 3, and the first working surface 45211 and the second working surface 45212 of the butt-joint spiral groove 452 are a continuation of the first working surface 221111 and the second working surface 221112 of the second grinding disc spiral groove respectively, and the roller feeding channel 451 is intersected with the butt-joint spiral groove 452. During entry of the machined convexity tapered roller 3 into the inlet 21118 of the concave arc groove 2111, the axis 31 of the machined convexity tapered roller 3 remains parallel or transitions from nearly parallel to parallel with the axis 31 of the machined convexity tapered roller as it enters the concave arc groove 2111 at the inlet 21118, under the constraint of the roller feed channel 451.
During the polishing process, the butt spiral grooves 452 in the roller feeding mechanism 45 at the inlet 22118 of each spiral groove 2211 of the second polishing disk sequentially intersect with the inlet 21118 of each concave arc groove 2111 of the first polishing disk during the rotation of the first polishing disk 21. At the entrance 22118 of any one of the spiral grooves 2211, when the abutting spiral groove 452 in the roller feeding mechanism 45 at the entrance 22118 of the spiral groove 2211 intersects with the entrance 21118 of any one of the concave arc grooves 2111 of the first grinding disc, under the action of gravity or pushing of the roller feeding mechanism 45, the processed convexity tapered roller 3 of which the orientation of the small head end 33 is adapted to the cross-sectional contour 22113 of the scanning surface 22112 of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove 2211 is along the radial direction thereof, and enters the entrance 21118 of the concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc in such a way that the rolling surface 32 approaches the working surface 21111 of the concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc. The processed convexity tapered roller 3 entering the entrance 21118 of the concave arc groove 2111 rotates with the first grinding disk 21 relative to the second grinding disk 22, and then enters the grinding processing area H by pushing the working face 4521 of the abutting spiral groove 452 in the roller feeding mechanism 45 at the entrance 22118 of the second grinding disk spiral groove 2211.
On the one hand, the processed convexity tapered roller 3 continuously rotates around the own axis 31 under the drive of the sliding friction driving moment of the working surface 22111 of the second grinding disc spiral groove; on the other hand, as shown in fig. 10 (a), the processed convexity tapered roller 3 having entered the grinding processing area H makes a circular arc feeding movement along the base line 21116 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disk under the continuous pushing action of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disk, penetrates through the concave arc groove 2111, and leaves the grinding processing area H from the intersection K of the outlet 22119 of each spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disk and the outlet 21119 of each concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disk, thereby completing one grinding processing. The processed convexity tapered rollers 3 leaving the grinding processing area H enter the grinding processing area H sequentially from the entrance 22118 of the spiral grooves 2211 of the second grinding disc to the entrance intersection J of the entrance 21118 of the concave arc grooves 2111 of the first grinding disc under the action of the roller feeding mechanism 45 after the original sequence is disturbed via the roller collecting device 41, the roller demagnetizing device 42, the roller conveying system 43 and the roller finishing mechanism 44. The whole grinding process is continuously and circularly repeated until the surface quality, the shape precision and the size consistency of the rolling surface 32 of the processed convexity tapered roller reach the technical requirements, and the finish machining process is finished.
Corresponding to the second main frame configuration, as shown in fig. 9 (b), the spindle device 18 is mounted on the slide table 14, and drives the second grinding disc 22 to rotate around its axis through the upper tray 15 connected thereto; the lower tray 16 is mounted on the base 11, and the first grinding tray 21 and the lower tray 16 do not rotate.
During the grinding process, the second grinding wheel 22 rotates about its axis 223 relative to the second grinding wheel 21. The rotation direction of the second grinding disc 22 is determined according to the rotation direction of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc and the positions of the inlet 22118 and the outlet 22119 of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc, so as to ensure that the processed convexity tapered roller 3 can enter the concave arc groove 2111 from the inlet 21118 of each concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc and leave the concave arc groove 2111 from the outlet 21119 of each corresponding concave arc groove 2111. The sliding table 14 is restrained by the upright post 12 or other guiding components, approaches the first grinding disc 21 along the axis of the second grinding disc 22 along with the main shaft device 18, the upper tray 15 connected with the main shaft device 18 and the second grinding disc 22 connected with the upper tray 15, and applies working pressure to the processed convexity tapered rollers 3 distributed in the concave arc grooves of the first grinding disc 21.
As shown in fig. 12 (a) and 12 (b), each concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc is provided with a roller feeding mechanism 45, and the roller feeding mechanism 45 is respectively installed at the inlet 21118 of each concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc, and is used for pushing a processed convexity tapered roller 3 into the inlet 21118 of the concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc when the inlet 22118 of any spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc meets the inlet 21118 of the concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc. An electrically conductive slip ring is mounted on the spindle of the spindle device 18 for driving the second polishing disc 22 to rotate, for supplying power to the annular magnetic structure 226 inside the second polishing disc base in a rotated state.
A roller feed channel 451 is disposed within the roller feed mechanism 45, and a locating surface 4511 of the roller feed channel 451 is a continuation of the concave arc channel running surface 21111 within the roller feed mechanism 45 at the entrance 21118 of any concave arc channel 2111. During the process of the processed convexity tapered roller 3 entering the inlet 21118 of the concave arc groove 2111, the axis 31 of the processed convexity tapered roller 3 is in the center plane 21112 of the concave arc groove 2111 and intersects the base line 21116 of the concave arc groove 2111 at the midpoint Q of the map CD of the processed convexity tapered roller rolling surface 32 on the axis 31 thereof, under the positioning support of the positioning surface 4511 of the roller feeding path 3 And at the intersection point Q with the base line 21116 of the concave arc groove 3 The angle of tangents 211161 to (c) is γ.
During the polishing process, the inlets 22118 of the spiral grooves 2211 of the second polishing disk sequentially meet the inlets 21118 of the concave arc grooves 2111 of the first polishing disk during the rotation of the second polishing disk 22. At the entrance 21118 of any concave arc groove 2111, when the entrance 21118 of the concave arc groove 2111 meets the entrance 22118 of any spiral groove 2111 of the second grinding disc, under the pushing action of the roller feeding mechanism 45, the machined convexity tapered roller 3, which is pointed to the cross-sectional contour 22113 of the scanning surface 22112 of the spiral groove 2211 where the entrance 22118 meets the entrance 21118 of the concave arc groove 2111 at the entrance intersection J, enters the entrance 21118 of the concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc along the base line 21116 of the concave arc groove 2111 in such a way that the rolling surface 32 slides on the working surface 21111 of the concave arc groove 2111. The machined convexity tapered roller 3 entering the entrance 21118 of the concave arc groove 2111 enters the grinding machining area H by the pushing action of the working surface 22111 at the entrance 22118 of the second grinding disk spiral groove 2211 which is turned later.
On the one hand, the processed convexity tapered roller 3 continuously rotates around the own axis 31 under the drive of the sliding friction driving moment of the working surface 22111 of the second grinding disc spiral groove; on the other hand, as shown in fig. 10 (b), the processed convexity tapered roller 3 having entered the grinding processing area H makes a circular arc feeding movement along the base line 21116 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disk under the continuous pushing action of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disk, penetrates through the concave arc groove 2111, and leaves the grinding processing area H from the intersection K of the outlet 22119 of each spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disk and the outlet 21119 of each concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disk, thereby completing one grinding processing. The processed convexity tapered rollers 3 leaving the grinding processing area H enter the grinding processing area H sequentially from the entrance 22118 of the spiral grooves 2211 of the second grinding disc to the entrance intersection J of the entrance 21118 of the concave arc grooves 2111 of the first grinding disc under the action of the roller feeding mechanism 45 after the original sequence is disturbed via the roller collecting device 41, the roller demagnetizing device 42, the roller conveying system 43 and the roller finishing mechanism 44. The whole grinding process is continuously and circularly repeated until the surface quality, the shape precision and the size consistency of the rolling surface 32 of the processed convexity tapered roller reach the technical requirements, and the finish machining process is finished.
Corresponding to the third main frame type, two sets of spindle devices 18 are arranged, wherein one set of spindle device 18 is arranged on the base 11, the lower tray 16 connected with the spindle device drives the first grinding disc 21 to rotate around the axis of the spindle device, the other set of spindle device 18 is arranged on the sliding table 14, and the upper tray 15 connected with the spindle device drives the second grinding disc 22 to rotate around the axis of the spindle device; both sets of spindle units 18 are provided with a locking mechanism allowing only one of the first and second grinding discs 21, 22 to swivel at the same time, while the other grinding disc is in a circumferential locking state.
When the magnetic grinding disc set 2 of the grinding device performs grinding processing in a way of one revolution, the relative motion of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 is the same as that of the main frame; the structure, installation position and function of the roller conveyor mechanism 45 are the same as those of the main frame one; the circulation path and the grinding process of the processed convexity tapered roller 3 are the same as those of the main frame.
When the magnetic grinding disc set 2 of the grinding device rotates for grinding processing in a second mode, the relative motion of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 is the same as that of the second main machine mode; the structure, the installation position and the function of the roller conveyor mechanism 45 are the same as those of the second main machine form; the circulation path and the grinding process of the processed convexity tapered roller 3 are the same as those of the second main frame.
During grinding, the processed convexity tapered roller 3 enters the grinding processing area H from the inlet 21118 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc, leaves the grinding processing area H from the outlet 21119 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc, and enters the inlet 21118 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc sequentially through the roller collecting device 41, the roller conveying system 43, the roller sorting mechanism 44 and the roller feeding mechanism 45 from the outlet 21119 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc, so that the processed convexity tapered roller 3 enters a cycle of collecting, conveying, sorting and feeding through the roller circulating system 4 between the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 along the arc of the base line 21116 of the concave arc groove. The path of the circulation outside the magnetic grinding disc kit 2 is from the outlet 21119 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc, and sequentially passes through the roller collecting device 41, the roller conveying system 43, the roller finishing mechanism 44 and the roller feeding mechanism 45, and enters the inlet 21118 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc, and the path is defined as the path outside the roller circulation disc.
The roller demagnetizing device 42 is disposed in the roller conveying system 43 or in front of the roller conveying system 43 in the roller disc outer circulation path, and is used for demagnetizing the processed convexity tapered roller 3 of ferromagnetic material magnetized by the magnetic field of the annular magnetic structure 226 inside the second grinding disc base body, so as to avoid agglomeration of the processed convexity tapered roller 3 of ferromagnetic material when passing through the roller conveying system 43 or the roller finishing mechanism 44.
During grinding, the magnetic field strength of the annular magnetic structure 226 is adjusted to form a sufficiently strong magnetic field 227 near the front surface 221 of the second grinding disc, and the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc generates a sufficiently strong magnetic attraction force on the machined convexity tapered roller 3 of the ferromagnetic material, so that a sliding friction driving moment generated by the rotation of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc on the machined convexity tapered roller 3 of the ferromagnetic material around the self axis 31 is larger than a sliding friction resistance moment generated by the rotation of the working surface 21111 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc on the machined convexity tapered roller 3 of the ferromagnetic material around the self axis 31, thereby driving the machined convexity tapered roller 3 to continuously rotate around the self axis 31.
When the annular magnetic structure 226 in the second polishing disc substrate is in a non-working state, the magnetic field near the front surface 221 of the second polishing disc is lost or weakened, and the magnetic attraction force generated by the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second polishing disc on the processed convexity tapered roller 3 of the ferromagnetic material is lost or weakened.
In the implementation of the invention, a free abrasive grain grinding mode or a fixed abrasive grain grinding mode can be adopted.
When the fixed abrasive grains are used for grinding, the working surface 21111 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disk is made of fixed abrasive grain materials.
It will be appreciated that the features described above and below may be used not only in combination as described in the examples, but also in other combinations or alone without exceeding the scope of the invention.
When the grinding equipment is adopted to grind the convexity tapered roller rolling surface of the ferromagnetic material, the grinding method comprises the following steps:
the first grinding disc 22 approaches to the first grinding disc 21 along the axis thereof, and the transition surface 2112 connecting two adjacent concave arc grooves on the front surface of the first grinding disc approaches to the transition surface 2212 connecting adjacent spiral grooves on the front surface of the second grinding disc as close as possible, but the processed convexity tapered roller 3 in the grinding processing area H does not simultaneously contact with the two symmetrical side surfaces 211111/211112 of the working surface 21111 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc, the working surface one 221111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc and the working surface two 221112, namely, the space of each grinding processing area H formed by the working surface 21111 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc can only accommodate one processed convexity tapered roller 3.
Step two, corresponding to the first rotation mode of the magnetic grinding disc suite, driving the first grinding disc 21 to rotate at a low speed relative to the second grinding disc 22 around the axis 213 of the first grinding disc 21; the second polishing disc 22 rotates around its axis 223 at a low speed relative to the first polishing disc 21, corresponding to the second mode of rotation of the magnetic polishing disc set. The rotation speed of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 is 1-10 rpm according to the outer diameter dimension of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22, the rotation direction of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 is determined according to the rotation direction of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc and the positions of the inlet 22118 and the outlet 22119 of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc, so as to ensure that the processed convexity tapered roller 3 can enter the concave arc groove 2111 from the inlet 21118 of each concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc and leave the concave arc groove 2111 from the outlet 21119 of each corresponding concave arc groove 2111.
Step three, starting a roller demagnetizing device 42, a roller conveying system 43, a roller finishing mechanism 44 and a roller feeding mechanism 45; the feeding speed of the roller feeding mechanism 45 is adjusted to be matched with the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22, so that when the inlet 22118 of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc is intersected with the inlet 21118 of the concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc, under the action of the roller feeding mechanism 45, a processed convexity conical roller 3 enters each intersection J of the inlet 22118 of the spiral groove 2211 and the inlet 21118 of the concave arc groove 2111; the conveying speed of the roller conveying system 43 and the finishing speed of the roller finishing mechanism 44 are adjusted to be matched with the conveying speed of the roller conveying mechanism 45, so that the processed convexity tapered roller 3 timely enters each inlet intersection J under the action of the roller conveying mechanism 45 through the roller conveying system 43 and the roller finishing mechanism 44; the machined convexity tapered roller 3 entering the entrance intersection J then enters the grinding machining area H by the pushing action of the working surface 22111 at the entrance 22118 of the second grinding disc spiral groove 2211 due to the relative rotation of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22; the processed convexity tapered roller 3 entering the grinding processing area H performs circular arc feeding motion along the base line 21116 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc under the continuous pushing action of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, penetrates through the concave arc groove 2111 and leaves the grinding processing area H from the intersection K of the outlet 22119 of each spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc and the outlet 21119 of each concave arc groove 2111 of the first grinding disc; the processed convexity tapered roller 3 leaving the grinding processing area H sequentially enters an inlet intersection J under the action of a roller feeding mechanism 45 after the original sequence is disturbed through a roller collecting device 41, a roller demagnetizing device 42, a roller conveying system 43 and a roller finishing mechanism 44; thereby establishing a cycle of collection, transport, collation, and feed of the processed convexity tapered rollers 3 between the first grinding disk 21 and the second grinding disk 22 along the circular arc feed of the concave arc groove baseline 21116 via the roller cycle off-disk system 4.
Fourth, the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 is adjusted to the relative working rotation speed, the feeding speed of the roller feeding mechanism 45 is adjusted to the working feeding speed to match the relative working rotation speed of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 according to the relative working rotation speed of the outer diameter sizes of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22, and the conveying speed of the roller conveying system 43 and the finishing speed of the roller finishing mechanism 44 are adjusted, so that the stock of the processed convexity tapered rollers 3 at each position of the roller collecting device 41, the roller conveying system 43, the roller finishing mechanism 44 and the roller feeding mechanism 45 in the roller circulating disc outer system 4 is matched, and circulation is smooth and orderly.
And fifthly, filling grinding liquid into the grinding processing area H.
Step six, the annular magnetic structure 226 in the second grinding disc matrix enters a working state; the second grinding disc 22 is further approached along its axis toward the first grinding disc 21 so that the machined convexity tapered roller rolling surface 32 in the grinding machining area H is brought into line contact with the two symmetrical side surfaces 211111/211112 of the working surface 21111 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface one 221111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, the large-head end spherical basal surface 342 (or the large-head end round angle 341 or the small-head end round angle 331) of the machined convexity tapered roller is brought into line contact with the working surface two 221112 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, and an initial working pressure is applied to each machined convexity tapered roller 3 distributed in the grinding machining area H, the initial working pressure being 0.5 to 2N according to the diameter size of the machined convexity tapered roller 3. The magnetic field intensity of the annular magnetic structure 226 is adjusted, so that the sliding friction driving moment generated by the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc rotating the processed convexity conical roller 3 of the ferromagnetic material around the self axis 31 is larger than the sliding friction resistance moment generated by the working surface 21111 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc rotating the processed convexity conical roller 3 of the ferromagnetic material around the self axis 31, and the processed convexity conical roller 3 of the ferromagnetic material is driven to continuously rotate around the self axis 31; at the same time, the processed convexity tapered roller 3 performs circular arc feeding motion along the base line 21116 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc under the continuous pushing action of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc. The machined convexity tapered roller rolling surface 32 begins to undergo the grinding process of the first grinding disk concave arc groove working face 21111 and the second grinding disk spiral groove working face 221111.
And step seven, along with stable operation of the grinding process, gradually increasing the working pressure of each processed convexity tapered roller 3 distributed in the grinding processing area H to the normal working pressure, wherein the normal working pressure is 2-50N according to the diameter size of the processed convexity tapered roller 3. The machined convexity tapered roller 3 maintains the linear contact relationship of step six with the working surface 1111 of the first grinding disk concave arc groove and the working surface 22111 of the second grinding disk spiral groove, the continuous rotational movement about the own axis 31, and the circular arc feeding movement along the base line 21116 of the first grinding disk concave arc groove 2111, and its rolling surface 32 continues to undergo the grinding process of the working surface 21111 of the first grinding disk concave arc groove and the working surface 221111 of the second grinding disk spiral groove.
Step eight, after a period of grinding processing, performing sampling inspection on the processed convexity tapered roller 3; when the surface quality, shape accuracy and size consistency of the machined convexity tapered roller rolling surface 32 of the spot check do not meet the technical requirements, continuing the grinding machining of the step; when the surface quality, shape accuracy and dimensional uniformity of the machined convexity tapered roller rolling surface 32 of the spot check meet the technical requirements, step nine is entered.
Step nine, gradually reducing the working pressure and finally reaching zero; stopping the operation of the roller feeding mechanism 45, the roller conveying system 43 and the roller finishing mechanism 44, and adjusting the relative rotation speeds of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 to zero; the annular magnetic structure 226 is switched to a non-working state to stop the roller demagnetizing device 42; stopping filling the grinding processing area H with the grinding liquid; the second abrasive disk 22 is driven back along its axis 223 to the rest position. The convexity tapered roller 3 to be processed everywhere in the cycle is collected, and the grinding process is ended.
It will be appreciated that the steps and sequences described above may be combined not only as described in the examples, but also in other combinations without departing from the scope of the invention.
The working surfaces 21111 of the concave arc grooves of the first grinding disk and the working surfaces 22111 of the spiral grooves of the second grinding disk, which are processed by the parameter design for the specific processed convexity tapered roller 3, inevitably have manufacturing errors, and the first grinding disk 21 and the second grinding disk 22 also have installation errors when being installed on a grinding device. These manufacturing errors and installation errors may cause a difference in contact state of the machined convexity tapered roller 3 with the working surface 21111 of the first grinding disk concave arc groove and the working surface 22111 of the second grinding disk spiral groove at the time of grinding processing from ideal.
To reduce this difference, it is recommended that the working surface 21111 of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc be run-in by using the machined convexity tapered roller 3 of ferromagnetic material of the same geometrical parameters before the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 are used for the first time. The running-in method is the same as the grinding method of the processed convexity tapered roller 3; for the step eight, performing spot check on the machined convexity tapered roller 3 which participates in running-in, and when the surface quality, shape precision and size consistency of the machined convexity tapered roller rolling surface 32 of the spot check meet the technical requirements, running-in process enters step nine; otherwise, continuing to step eight.

Claims (7)

1. A magnetic grinding disc kit for finishing a rolling surface of a convexity tapered roller of ferromagnetic material, characterized by comprising a pair of first grinding discs (21) and second grinding discs (22) coaxial, the front face (211) of the first grinding discs (21) being arranged opposite to the front face (221) of the second grinding discs (22);
the front surface (211) of the first grinding disc (21) comprises a group of radially distributed concave arc grooves (2111) and a transition surface (2112) connecting two adjacent concave arc grooves (2111);
The working surface (21111) of the concave arc groove is arranged on a scanning surface (21113) with two symmetrical sides, and the scanning surface (21113) is a constant-section scanning surface; the scanning path of the scanning surface (21113) is an arc, and a generatrix of the scanning surface (21113) is arranged in a normal section (21114) of the concave arc groove (2111); in a normal section (21114) of the concave arc groove (2111), a section outline (211131) of the scanning surface (21113) is two symmetrical straight line segments, and an included angle between the two straight line segments is 2 theta;
the convexity curve of the rolling surface (32) of the processed convexity tapered roller corresponding to two symmetrical straight line segments of the cross section outline (211131) of the scanning surface where the working surface of the concave arc groove is positioned is approximate to an arc;
the symmetry plane (21112) of the working surface (21111) of the concave arc groove is a plane containing the symmetry line (211132) of the cross-sectional profile (211131) of the scanning surface (21113) and the scanning path of the scanning surface (21113); the axis (31) of the processed convexity tapered roller is in the symmetrical plane (21112) of the concave arc groove working surface (21111) during grinding, the rolling surface (32) of the processed convexity tapered roller works with the concave arc groove The two symmetrical side surfaces of the surface (21111) are respectively in line contact; the circular arc scan path of the scan surface (21113) passes through the midpoint (Q) of the map (CD) of the rolling surface (32) of the convex tapered roller being machined on its axis (31) 3 ) The arc scan path is a baseline (21116) of the concave arc groove (2111); the base line (21116) of the concave arc groove (2111) intersects with the axis (31) of the processed convexity tapered roller, and the intersection point is positioned at the midpoint (Q) of the mapping (CD) of the rolling surface (32) of the processed convexity tapered roller on the axis (31) thereof 3 ）；
The half cone angle of the processed convexity tapered roller (3) isThe intersection point (Q) of the axis (31) of the processed convexity tapered roller (3) and the base line (21116) of the concave arc groove (2111) 3 ) The included angle of the tangent line (211161) of (A) is +.>And:
；
the base lines (21116) of all the concave arc grooves are distributed on a concave arc rotating surface, the concave arc rotating surface is a base surface (214) of the first grinding disc (21), and the axis of the base surface (214) is an axis (213) of the first grinding disc (21);
-the base line (21116) of the concave arc groove is within the axial section (215) of the first grinding disc, the symmetry plane (21112) of the working face (21111) of the concave arc groove coinciding with the axial section (215) of the first grinding disc containing the base line (21116) of the concave arc groove;
The front surface (2221) of the second abrasive disk comprises one or more spiral grooves (2211) and a transition surface (2212) connecting adjacent spiral grooves (2211);
the working surface (22111) of the spiral groove comprises a first working surface (221111) which is contacted with the rolling surface (32) of the processed convexity tapered roller during grinding processing and a second working surface (221112) which is contacted with the big head end spherical basal surface (342) or the big head end rounding (341) or the small head end rounding (331) of the processed convexity tapered roller, the first working surface (221111) and the second working surface (221112) are respectively arranged on the first scanning surface (221121) and the second scanning surface (221122), and the first scanning surface (221121) and the second scanning surface (221122) are uniform-section scanning surfaces; under the constraint of the concave arc groove working surface (21111) of the first grinding disc, the rolling surface (32) of the processed convexity tapered roller is tangential to the first working surface (221111), and the big-end spherical base surface (342) or the big-end rounding (341) or the small-end rounding (331) is tangential to the second working surface (221112); the scanning paths (22116) of the first scanning surface (221121) and the second scanning surface (221122) are equiangular spiral lines of the circular arc rotating surface, which are distributed on a convex circular arc rotating surface and pass through the midpoint (Q) of the mapping (CD) of the rolling surface (32) of the processed convexity tapered roller on the axis (31) of the processed convexity tapered roller; the convex arc rotating surface is a base surface (224) of the second grinding disc (22), and the axis of the base surface (224) is an axis (223) of the second grinding disc (22); the generatrix of the first scanning surface (221121) and the second scanning surface (221122) are both in the axial section (225) of the second grinding disc;
The radius of curvature R of the section line (2241) of the second grinding disk base surface in the second grinding disk shaft section 21 Is equal to the radius of curvature R of the section line (2141) of the first grinding disc base surface in the axial section of the first grinding disc 11 Radius of curvature R of the second abrasive disk base circle (2240) 22 Is equal to the radius of curvature R of the first grinding disc base circle (2140) 12 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The section line (2141) of the first grinding disc base surface and the section line (2241) of the second grinding disc base surface are either both on the same side of the respective center of curvature as the axis (213) of the first grinding disc and the axis (223) of the second grinding disc, or are both on the same side of the axis (213) of the second grinding discBoth sides of the axis (213) of the first grinding disc and the axis (223) of the second grinding disc;
the base body (220) of the second grinding disc is made of magnetic conduction materials, an annular magnetic structure (226) is embedded in the base body (220) of the second grinding disc (22), and a group of annular band-shaped or spiral band-shaped non-magnetic conduction materials (228) are embedded in the front surface (221) of the second grinding disc; the magnetic conductive material of the base body (220) of the second grinding disc and the embedded annular band-shaped or spiral band-shaped non-magnetic conductive material (228) are tightly connected on the front surface (221) of the second grinding disc and form the front surface (221) of the second grinding disc together;
When the convexity curve of the rolling surface (32) of the processed convexity tapered roller is not the convexity curve which is approximately circular arc and corresponds to the two symmetrical straight line sections of the cross section contour (211131) of the scanning surface where the working surface of the concave arc groove is located, which is matched with the convexity curve, is correspondingly shaped according to the convexity curve of the rolling surface (32) of the processed convexity tapered roller.
2. The magnetic grinding disc kit for finishing a convex tapered roller rolling surface of a ferromagnetic material according to claim 1, wherein the inlet (21118) of each concave arc groove (2111) of the first grinding disc is located at the outer edge of the first grinding disc (21), and the outlet (21119) of each concave arc groove (2111) of the first grinding disc is located at the inner edge of the first grinding disc (21); or the inlets (21118) of the concave arc grooves (2111) of the first grinding disc are all positioned at the inner edge of the first grinding disc (21), and the outlets (21119) of the concave arc grooves (2111) of the first grinding disc are all positioned at the outer edge of the first grinding disc (21).
3. Grinding equipment for finishing the rolling surface of a convexity tapered roller of ferromagnetic material, characterized by comprising a main machine, a roller circulation off-disc system (4) and a magnetic grinding disc kit (2) for finishing the rolling surface of a convexity tapered roller of ferromagnetic material according to claim 1 or 2;
the host comprises a base (11), an upright post (12), a cross beam (13), a sliding table (14), an upper tray (15), a lower tray (16), an axial loading device (17) and a main shaft device (18);
the base (11), the upright posts (12) and the cross beams (13) form a frame of the host;
the first grinding disc (21) of the magnetic grinding disc kit (2) is connected with the lower tray (16), and the second grinding disc (22) of the magnetic grinding disc kit (2) is connected with the upper tray (15);
the sliding table (14) is connected with the cross beam (13) through the axial loading device (17), and the upright post (12) can serve as a guide component to provide a guide effect for the sliding table (14) to move linearly along the axis of the second grinding disc (22); the sliding table (14) is driven by the axial loading device (17) to linearly move along the axial direction of the second grinding disc (22) under the constraint of the guide part;
The spindle device (18) is used for driving the first grinding disc (21) or the second grinding disc (22) to rotate around the axis;
the roller circulation off-disc system (4) comprises a roller collecting device (41), a roller demagnetizing device (42), a roller conveying system (43), a roller finishing mechanism (44) and a roller feeding mechanism (45);
the roller collecting device (41) is arranged at an outlet (21119) of each concave arc groove (2111) of the first grinding disc and is used for collecting a processed convexity tapered roller (3) which leaves a grinding processing area H from the outlet (21119) of each concave arc groove (2111);
the roller conveying system (43) is used for conveying the processed convexity tapered roller (3) from the roller collecting device (41) to the roller feeding mechanism (45);
the roller demagnetizing device (42) is arranged in the roller conveying system (43) in the roller disc outer circulation path or before the roller conveying system (43) and is used for demagnetizing the processed convexity tapered roller (3) of the ferromagnetic material magnetized by the magnetic field of the annular magnetic structure (226) in the second grinding disc matrix;
the roller arrangement mechanism (44) is arranged at the front end of the roller feeding mechanism (45) and is used for adjusting the axis (31) of the processed convexity tapered roller to the direction required by the roller feeding mechanism (45) and adjusting the direction of the small head end (33) of the processed convexity tapered roller (3) to be the direction which is matched with the section contour (22113) of the scanning surface (22112) where the working surface (22111) of the second grinding disc spiral groove (2211) is to enter;
During grinding, there are two ways in which the magnetic grinding disc kit (2) rotates: in the first mode, the first grinding disc (21) rotates around the axis, and the second grinding disc (22) does not rotate; in the second mode, the first grinding disc (21) does not rotate, and the second grinding disc (22) rotates around the axis of the second grinding disc;
the host has three configurations: a mainframe-type magnetic grinding disc kit (2) rotates in a mode; the second main machine type is used for the second rotation of the magnetic grinding disc kit (2) in a mode II; the third main machine type is applicable to both the first rotation of the magnetic grinding disc kit (2) and the second rotation of the magnetic grinding disc kit (2);
corresponding to host configuration one:
the main shaft device (18) is arranged on the base (11), and drives the first grinding disc (21) to rotate around the axis thereof through the lower tray (16) connected with the main shaft device; the upper tray (15) is connected with the sliding table (14), and the second grinding disc (22) and the upper tray (15) do not rotate;
during grinding, the first grinding disc (21) rotates around the axis; the sliding table (14) approaches to the first grinding disc (21) along the axis of the second grinding disc (22) under the constraint of the upright post (12) or other guide parts and together with an upper tray (15) connected with the sliding table and the second grinding disc (22) connected with the upper tray, and applies working pressure to the processed convexity tapered rollers (3) distributed in each concave arc groove of the first grinding disc (21);
The roller feeding mechanism (45) is respectively arranged at the inlets (22118) of the spiral grooves (2211) of the second grinding disc and is used for pushing a processed convexity conical roller (3) into the inlet (21118) of the concave arc groove (2111) of the first grinding disc when the inlet (21118) of any concave arc groove (2111) of the first grinding disc is intersected with the inlet (22118) of the spiral groove (2211) of the second grinding disc;
corresponding to host configuration two:
the main shaft device (18) is arranged on the sliding table (14), and drives the second grinding disc (22) to rotate around the axis of the second grinding disc through the upper tray (15) connected with the main shaft device; the lower tray (16) is mounted on the base (11), and the first grinding disc (21) and the lower tray (16) do not rotate;
during grinding, the second grinding disc (22) rotates around the axis; the sliding table (14) is restrained by the upright post (12) or other guide parts, and is close to the first grinding disc (21) along the axis of the second grinding disc (22) along with a main shaft device (18) on the sliding table, an upper tray (15) connected with the main shaft device (18) and a second grinding disc (22) connected with the upper tray (15), and working pressure is applied to the processed convexity tapered rollers (3) distributed in each concave arc groove of the first grinding disc (21);
The roller feeding mechanisms (45) are respectively arranged at the inlets (21118) of the concave arc grooves (2111) of the first grinding disc and are used for pushing a processed convexity tapered roller (3) into the inlet (21118) of the concave arc groove (2111) of the first grinding disc when the inlet (22118) of any spiral groove (2211) of the second grinding disc is intersected with the inlet (21118) of the concave arc groove (2111) of the first grinding disc;
corresponding to host configuration three:
two sets of spindle devices (18) are arranged, wherein one set of spindle devices (18) is arranged on the base (11), the lower tray (16) connected with the spindle devices drives the first grinding disc (21) to rotate around the axis of the spindle devices, the other set of spindle devices (18) is arranged on the sliding table (14), and the upper tray (15) connected with the spindle devices drives the second grinding disc (22) to rotate around the axis of the spindle devices; the two sets of spindle devices (18) are provided with locking mechanisms, and only one of the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22) is allowed to rotate at the same time, and the other grinding disc is in a circumferential locking state;
when the magnetic grinding disc set (2) of the grinding device carries out grinding processing in a way of one revolution, the relative motion of the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22) is the same as that of the main machine; the installation position and the function of the roller feeding mechanism (45) are the same as those of the main frame;
When the magnetic grinding disc set (2) of the grinding device rotates for grinding processing in a second mode, the relative motion of the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22) is the same as that of the second main machine mode; the installation position and the function of the roller feeding mechanism (45) are the same as those of the second main machine form.
4. A grinding apparatus for finishing a convex tapered roller rolling surface of ferromagnetic material according to claim 3, characterized in that, during the grinding process, the first grinding disc base surface (214) coincides with the second grinding disc base surface (224); a gap is reserved between a transition surface (2112) of the front surface (211) of the first grinding disc, which is connected with two adjacent concave arc grooves (2111), and a transition surface (2212) of the front surface (221) of the second grinding disc, which is connected with two adjacent spiral grooves (22211).
5. A grinding device for finishing a convexity tapered roller rolling surface of a ferromagnetic material according to claim 3, wherein during grinding, by adjusting the magnetic field intensity of the annular magnetic structure (226) inside the second grinding disc base body in the magnetic grinding disc kit (2), the sliding friction driving moment generated by the working surface (22111) of the second grinding spiral groove for rotating the convexity tapered roller (3) of the ferromagnetic material around the self axis (31) is larger than the sliding friction resistance moment generated by the working surface (21111) of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc for rotating the convexity tapered roller (3) of the ferromagnetic material around the self axis (31), so as to drive the convexity tapered roller (3) of the ferromagnetic material to continuously rotate around the self axis (31).
6. A grinding method for finishing a rolling surface of a convex conical roller of a ferromagnetic material, characterized by using the grinding apparatus for finishing a rolling surface of a convex conical roller of a ferromagnetic material according to any one of claims 3 to 5, and comprising the steps of:
the first step, the second grinding disc (22) approaches to the first grinding disc (21) along the axis of the second grinding disc, and the space of each grinding processing area H formed by the surrounding of the working surface (21111) of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc can only accommodate one processed convexity tapered roller (3);
step two, corresponding to a first rotation mode of the magnetic grinding disc suite, the first grinding disc (21) rotates around the axis (213) of the first grinding disc at a low speed of 1-10 rpm relative to the second grinding disc (22); corresponding to a second rotation mode of the magnetic grinding disc suite, the second grinding disc (22) rotates around the axis (223) of the second grinding disc at a low speed of 1-10 rpm relative to the first grinding disc (21);
step three, starting a roller demagnetizing device (42), a roller conveying system (43), a roller finishing mechanism (44) and a roller feeding mechanism (45); adjusting the feed speed of the roller feed mechanism (45) to match the relative rotational speeds of the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22); adjusting the conveying speed of the roller conveying system (43) and the finishing speed of the roller finishing mechanism (44) to be matched with the feeding speed of the roller feeding mechanism (45); thereby establishing the circulation of the processed convexity tapered roller (3) between the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22) along the circular arc of the concave arc groove base line (21116) and the collection, conveying, arrangement and feeding through the roller circulation disc external system (4);
Step four, adjusting the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22) to 15-60 rpm, adjusting the feeding speed of the roller feeding mechanism (45) to the working feeding speed to be matched with the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22), and adjusting the conveying speed of the roller conveying system (43) and the finishing speed of the roller finishing mechanism (44) so that the stock of the processed convexity tapered rollers (3) in the positions of the roller collecting device (41), the roller conveying system (43), the roller finishing mechanism (44) and the roller feeding mechanism (45) in the roller circulating disc external system (4) is matched and circulated smoothly and orderly;
fifthly, filling grinding liquid into the grinding processing area H;
step six, the annular magnetic structure (226) in the second grinding disc matrix enters a working state; the second grinding disc (22) further approaches to the first grinding disc (21) along the axis of the second grinding disc, so that the rolling surface (32) of the processed convexity tapered roller in the grinding processing area H is respectively in line contact with the two symmetrical side surfaces of the working surface (21111) of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface I (221111) of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, the big-head spherical basal surface (342) or the big-head rounding (341) or the small-head rounding (331) of the processed convexity tapered roller is in line contact with the working surface II (221112) of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, and an initial working pressure of 0.5-2N is applied to each processed convexity tapered roller (3) distributed in the grinding processing area H; the magnetic field intensity of the annular magnetic structure (226) is adjusted, so that the sliding friction driving moment generated by the working surface (22111) of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc for rotating the processed convexity conical roller (3) of the ferromagnetic material around the self axis (31) is larger than the sliding friction resistance moment generated by the working surface (21111) of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc for rotating the processed convexity conical roller (3) of the ferromagnetic material around the self axis (31), and the processed convexity conical roller (3) of the ferromagnetic material is driven to continuously rotate around the self axis (31); meanwhile, the processed convexity tapered roller (3) performs circular arc feeding motion along a base line (21116) of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc under the continuous pushing action of the spiral groove working surface (22111); the rolling surface (32) of the processed convexity tapered roller starts to be subjected to grinding processing of the working surface (21111) of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface (221111) of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
Step seven, along with stable operation of the grinding process, gradually increasing the working pressure of each processed convexity tapered roller (3) distributed in the grinding processing area H to the normal working pressure of 2-50N; the processed convexity tapered roller (3) keeps the line contact relation with the working surface (21111) of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface (22111) of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, continuously rotates around the self axis (31) and moves along the arc feeding of the base line (21116) of the concave arc groove, and the rolling surface (32) continues to be subjected to the grinding processing of the working surface (21111) of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface (221111) of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
step eight, after a period of grinding processing, performing sampling inspection on the processed convexity tapered roller (3); when the surface quality, shape precision and size consistency of the rolling surface (32) of the convex tapered roller to be processed, which is subjected to the spot inspection, do not meet the technical requirements, continuing the grinding processing of the step; when the surface quality, the shape precision and the size consistency of the rolling surface (32) of the processed convexity tapered roller of the spot check meet the technical requirements, entering a step nine;
Step nine, gradually reducing the working pressure and finally reaching zero; stopping the operation of the roller feeding mechanism (45), the roller conveying system (43) and the roller finishing mechanism (44), and adjusting the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22) to zero; the annular magnetic structure (226) is switched to a non-working state, and the roller demagnetizing device (42) is stopped; stopping filling the grinding processing area H with the grinding liquid; the second abrasive disk (22) is axially retracted back to the rest position.
7. Grinding method for finishing the rolling surface of a convexity tapered roller of ferromagnetic material according to claim 6, characterized in that before the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22) are used for the first time, the working surface (21111) of the concave arc groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface (22111) of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc are ground by the machined convexity tapered roller (3) of ferromagnetic material with the same geometrical parameters; the running-in method is the same as the grinding method of the processed convexity tapered roller (3); performing spot check on the machined convexity tapered roller (3) which participates in running-in, and entering a running-in process into a step nine when the surface quality, shape precision and size consistency of a rolling surface (32) of the machined convexity tapered roller of the spot check meet technical requirements; otherwise, continuing to step eight.
CN201810850348.8A 2018-07-28 2018-07-28 Magnetic grinding disc, equipment and method for finishing rolling surface of convex conical roller Active CN108723981B (en)

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