CN108723979B - Grinding disc kit, equipment and method for finishing tapered roller rolling surface - Google Patents

Grinding disc kit, equipment and method for finishing tapered roller rolling surface Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108723979B
CN108723979B CN201810850331.2A CN201810850331A CN108723979B CN 108723979 B CN108723979 B CN 108723979B CN 201810850331 A CN201810850331 A CN 201810850331A CN 108723979 B CN108723979 B CN 108723979B
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grinding disc
grinding
roller
tapered roller
processed
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CN108723979A (en
Inventor
任成祖
杨影
陈洋
邓晓帆
闫传滨
靳新民
刘伟峰
张婧
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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Priority to CN201810850331.2A priority Critical patent/CN108723979B/en
Publication of CN108723979A publication Critical patent/CN108723979A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/097909 priority patent/WO2020024878A1/en
Priority to JP2021504163A priority patent/JP7311171B2/en
Priority to US17/160,351 priority patent/US20210146494A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/02—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working surfaces of revolution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/11—Lapping tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/34—Accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/34—Accessories
    • B24B37/345—Feeding, loading or unloading work specially adapted to lapping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B57/00—Devices for feeding, applying, grading or recovering grinding, polishing or lapping agents
    • B24B57/02—Devices for feeding, applying, grading or recovering grinding, polishing or lapping agents for feeding of fluid, sprayed, pulverised, or liquefied grinding, polishing or lapping agents

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses grinding equipment and a grinding disc kit for finishing a tapered roller rolling surface. The host machine comprises a base, a stand column, a cross beam, a sliding table, an upper tray, a lower tray, an axial loading device and a main shaft device. The roller circulation off-disc system comprises a roller collecting device, a roller conveying system, a roller finishing mechanism and a roller feeding mechanism. The abrasive disk package includes a pair of first and second abrasive disks coaxially and oppositely disposed on the front face. The front surface of the first grinding disc comprises a group of linear grooves which are radially distributed on the base surface (right circular cone surface) of the first grinding disc, the front surface of the second grinding disc comprises one or more spiral grooves which are distributed on the base surface (right circular cone surface) of the second grinding disc, and the sum of cone apex angles of the base surfaces of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc is 360 degrees. The grinding device has the finishing capability of large-batch tapered roller rolling surfaces.

Description

Grinding disc kit, equipment and method for finishing tapered roller rolling surface
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grinding disc set, grinding equipment and a grinding method for finish machining of a tapered roller rolling surface, and belongs to the technical field of precision machining of bearing rolling bodies.
Background
Tapered roller bearings are widely used in various rotary machines. The shape accuracy and dimensional uniformity of the rolling surface of the tapered roller, which is one of the important parts of the tapered roller bearing, have an important influence on the performance of the bearing. At present, the known machining process flow of the tapered roller rolling surface comprises blank forming (turning or cold heading or rolling), rough machining (soft grinding rolling surface), heat treatment, semi-finishing (hard grinding rolling surface) and finish machining. The main process method of the known tapered roller rolling surface finish machining is superfinishing.
Superfinishing is a finishing process that utilizes fine-grained oilstones as abrasive tools, the oilstones applying relatively low pressure to the workpiece processing surface and performing high-speed micro-amplitude reciprocating vibration and low-speed feed motion along the workpiece processing surface, thereby achieving micro-cutting. At present, the finish machining of the tapered roller rolling surface mostly adopts a centerless penetrating superfinishing method. The processing part of the equipment consists of a pair of superfinishing spiral guide rollers with spiral roller paths and a superfinishing head (or a group of superfinishing heads) provided with oilstones, the tapered rollers are supported and driven by the guide rollers, and perform rotary motion and low-speed feeding motion along a track which is matched with the element line of the rolling surface of the tapered rollers, the superfinishing head presses the oilstones to the rolling surface of the tapered rollers under lower pressure, and simultaneously the oilstones perform high-speed micro reciprocating vibration along the element line of the rolling surface of the tapered rollers, so that the finish processing is performed on the rolling surface of the tapered rollers. During coreless through superfinishing, the same batch of tapered rollers sequentially pass through the machining zone and undergo oilstone superfinishing.
In addition, there is a centerless cut-in superfinishing method, the processing part of the equipment is composed of a pair of superfinishing guide rollers which are arranged in parallel and a superfinishing head (or a group of superfinishing heads) which is provided with oilstones, the tapered rollers are supported by the guide rollers and driven to rotate, the superfinishing head presses the oilstones to the rolling surface of the tapered rollers under lower pressure, and meanwhile, the superfinishing head carries out low-speed feeding motion and high-speed micro-amplitude reciprocating vibration along a track which is suitable for the element line of the rolling surface of the tapered rollers, so as to finish the rolling surface of the tapered rollers. In the centerless plunge superfinishing process, tapered rollers of the same batch enter the machining area one by one and undergo oilstone superfinishing.
The two tapered roller rolling surface superfinishing methods have the following two technical defects: on one hand, the change of the abrasion state of the oilstone and the guide roller along with time in the processing process is not beneficial to the improvement of the shape precision and the dimensional precision of the tapered roller rolling surface; on the other hand, since the superfinishing equipment processes only a single (or a few) tapered roller at a time, the amount of material removed from the rolling surface of the tapered roller being processed is hardly affected by the difference in diameter of the rolling surface of the tapered roller of the same batch, and therefore it is difficult to effectively improve the diameter dispersion of the rolling surface of the tapered roller being processed by the superfinishing equipment. The technical defects in the two aspects lead to the limitation of improvement of the shape precision and the dimensional consistency of the rolling surface of the tapered roller to be processed.
Chinese patent publication No. CN1863642a discloses a method for processing tapered rollers, which is characterized in that: the tapered roller finishes the roller surface by a roller polishing or barrel polishing method. The method does not improve the dimensional accuracy and diameter dispersion of the roller with uncertainty in the removal of material from the surface of the roller during processing.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a grinding disc kit, grinding equipment and a grinding method for finishing the tapered roller rolling surface, wherein the grinding equipment provided with the grinding disc kit has the finishing capability of the tapered roller rolling surface in a large quantity, can realize the high-point material removal and the low-point material removal of the tapered roller rolling surface, and can realize the material removal and the small-point material removal of the tapered roller rolling surface with larger diameter and the tapered roller rolling surface with smaller diameter, thereby improving the shape precision and the size consistency of the tapered roller rolling surface, improving the processing efficiency of the tapered roller rolling surface and reducing the processing cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the polishing disc kit for finishing the rolling surface of the tapered roller comprises a pair of first polishing discs and second polishing discs which are coaxial, wherein the front surfaces of the first polishing discs and the second polishing discs are oppositely arranged;
The front surface of the first grinding disc comprises a group of radial linear grooves and a transition surface for connecting two adjacent linear grooves; the surface of the linear groove comprises a working surface which is in contact with the rolling surface of the tapered roller to be processed during grinding processing and a non-working surface which is not in contact with the rolling surface of the tapered roller to be processed; the linear groove working surface is arranged on a scanning surface with two symmetrical sides, and the scanning surface is a constant-section scanning surface; the scanning path of the scanning surface is a straight line, and the generatrix (namely the scanning outline) of the scanning surface is positioned in the normal section of the straight line groove; in the normal section of the linear groove, the section outline of the scanning surface is two symmetrical linear sections, and the included angle between the two linear sections is 2 theta; the symmetry plane of the straight line groove working surface is a plane containing the symmetry line of the cross-section outline of the scanning surface and the scanning path of the scanning surface; the axis of the processed tapered roller is in the symmetrical plane of the working surface of the linear groove during grinding, and the rolling surface of the processed tapered roller is in line contact (tangent) with the two symmetrical side surfaces of the working surface of the linear groove respectively; the scanning path of the scanning surface passes through the midpoint of the mapping of the rolling surface of the processed tapered roller on the axis of the processed tapered roller, and the scanning path (straight line) is a base line of the straight line groove; the half cone angle of the processed tapered roller is The included angle between the axis of the processed tapered roller and the base line of the linear groove is gamma, and +.>
The base lines of all the linear grooves are distributed on a right conical surface, the right conical surface is a base surface of the first grinding disc, the axis of the base surface is an axis of the first grinding disc, and the cone apex angle of the base surface is 2 alpha; the base line of the linear groove is arranged in the axial section of the first grinding disc, and the symmetry plane of the working surface of the linear groove is coincident with the axial section of the first grinding disc containing the base line of the linear groove;
the front surface of the second grinding disc comprises one or more spiral grooves and a transition surface connected with the adjacent spiral grooves; the surface of the spiral groove comprises a working surface which is in contact with the tapered roller to be processed during grinding processing and a non-working surface which is not in contact with the tapered roller to be processed; the working surface of the spiral groove comprises a first working surface which is contacted with the rolling surface of the tapered roller to be processed during grinding processing and a second working surface which is contacted with the ball basal surface of the big head end of the tapered roller to be processed or the round angle of the big head end or the round angle of the small head end; the first working surface and the second working surface are respectively arranged on the first scanning surface and the second scanning surface, and the first scanning surface and the second scanning surface are uniform-section scanning surfaces; under the constraint of the working surface of the first grinding disc linear groove, the rolling surface of the processed tapered roller is tangent to the first working surface, and the big-head spherical base surface or the big-head rounding or the small-head rounding is tangent to the second working surface; the scanning paths of the first scanning surface and the second scanning surface are equal-angle spiral lines of a right circular cone, which pass through the midpoint of the mapping of the rolling surface of the tapered roller to be processed on the axis of the tapered roller and are distributed on the right circular cone; the right conical surface is a base surface of the second grinding disc, and the axis of the base surface is the axis of the second grinding disc; the generatrix (namely scanning outline) of the first scanning surface and the second scanning surface is arranged in the axial section of the second grinding disc; the cone apex angle of the basal plane of the second grinding disc is 2β, and 2α+2β=360°;
When 2α=2β=180°, the axis of the first grinding disc is perpendicular to the base surface of the first grinding disc, the axis of the second grinding disc is perpendicular to the base surface of the second grinding disc, and there is a case where the base line of the linear groove is not within the axial section of the first grinding disc in addition to the base line of the linear groove being within the axial section of the first grinding disc; when the base line of the linear groove is not in the axial section of the first grinding disc, the symmetry plane of the linear groove working surface is parallel to the axis of the first grinding disc;
when the rolling surface of the processed tapered roller is designed with convexity, the cross-section outline of the scanning surface where the straight line groove working surface is located, which is matched with the convexity, is correspondingly shaped according to the convexity curve of the rolling surface.
Further, the inlets of the linear grooves of the first grinding disc are all positioned at the outer edge of the first grinding disc, and the outlets of the linear grooves of the first grinding disc are all positioned at the inner edge of the first grinding disc; or the inlets of the linear grooves of the first grinding disc are all positioned at the inner edge of the first grinding disc, and the outlets of the linear grooves of the first grinding disc are all positioned at the outer edge of the first grinding disc.
When the free abrasive grain grinding mode is adopted, the sliding friction driving moment generated by the friction pair formed by the material of the working surface of the first grinding disc linear groove and the material of the working surface of the second grinding disc spiral groove and the material of the processed tapered roller rotating around the axis of the processed tapered roller is larger than the sliding friction resistance moment generated by the friction pair formed by the material of the working surface of the first grinding disc linear groove and the material of the processed tapered roller rotating around the axis of the processed tapered roller under the grinding working condition, so that the processed tapered roller is driven to continuously rotate around the axis of the processed tapered roller.
When in grinding processing, under the constraint of the working surface of the linear groove of the first grinding disc, the rolling surface of the tapered roller to be processed is in line contact (tangent) with the first working surface of the spiral groove, and the ball base surface of the big head end of the tapered roller to be processed or the round angle of the big head end or the round angle of the small head end of the tapered roller to be processed is in line contact (tangent) with the second working surface of the spiral groove; the tapered roller to be processed has only a degree of freedom of rotational movement about its own axis.
When in grinding processing, corresponding to each intersection of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc and the linear groove of the first grinding disc, a processed tapered roller with a small head end pointing to the scanning surface with the working surface of the spiral groove passing through the intersection is distributed in the linear groove of the first grinding disc along the baseline of the linear groove. Definition: and the area formed by the working surface of the first grinding disc linear groove and the working surface of the second grinding disc spiral groove in a surrounding manner corresponds to each intersection point, and is a grinding processing area H.
The invention also provides grinding equipment for finishing the rolling surface of the tapered roller, which comprises a host machine, a roller circulation disc external system and a grinding disc kit;
the host comprises a base, an upright post, a cross beam, a sliding table, an upper tray, a lower tray, an axial loading device and a main shaft device;
the base, the upright posts and the cross beams form a frame of the host;
the first grinding disc of the grinding disc suite is connected with the lower tray, and the second grinding disc of the grinding disc suite is connected with the upper tray;
the sliding table is connected with the cross beam through the axial loading device, and the upright post can also serve as a guide component to provide a guide function for the sliding table to move linearly along the axis of the second grinding disc; the sliding table is driven by the axial loading device to linearly move along the axial direction of the second grinding disc under the constraint of the stand column or other guide components;
The main shaft device is used for driving the first grinding disc or the second grinding disc to rotate around the axis of the first grinding disc or the second grinding disc;
the roller circulation off-disc system comprises a roller collecting device, a roller conveying system, a roller finishing mechanism and a roller feeding mechanism;
the roller collecting device is arranged at the outlet of each linear groove of the first grinding disc and is used for collecting the tapered rollers to be processed which leave the grinding processing area H from the outlet of each linear groove;
the roller conveying system is used for conveying the processed tapered roller from the roller collecting device to the roller feeding mechanism;
the roller finishing mechanism is arranged at the front end of the roller feeding mechanism and is used for adjusting the axis of the processed tapered roller to the direction required by the roller feeding mechanism and adjusting the direction of the small head end of the processed tapered roller to the direction which is adaptive to the section contour of the scanning surface where the working surface of the second grinding disc spiral groove which is to enter;
during grinding, the rotation of the grinding disc sleeve member has two modes; in the first mode, the first grinding disc rotates around the axis of the first grinding disc, and the second grinding disc does not rotate; the second mode is that the first grinding disc does not rotate, and the second grinding disc rotates around the axis of the second grinding disc;
The host has three configurations: a mainframe configured for the abrasive disk assembly to revolve in a manner; the second main machine type is used for the grinding disc suite to revolve in a second mode; the third main machine type is applicable to both the first rotation of the grinding disc kit and the second rotation of the grinding disc kit;
corresponding to host configuration one:
the main shaft device is arranged on the base and drives the first grinding disc to rotate around the axis of the first grinding disc through the lower tray connected with the main shaft device; the upper tray is connected with the sliding table;
during grinding, the first grinding disc rotates around the axis; the sliding table approaches to the first grinding disc along the axis of the second grinding disc under the constraint of the upright post or other guide parts, together with an upper tray connected with the sliding table and a second grinding disc connected with the upper tray, and applies working pressure to the processed tapered rollers distributed in each linear groove of the first grinding disc;
the roller feeding mechanisms are respectively arranged at the inlets of the spiral grooves of the second grinding disc and are used for pushing a processed tapered roller into the inlet of the linear groove of the first grinding disc when the inlet of any linear groove of the first grinding disc is intersected with the inlet of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
Corresponding to host configuration two:
the main shaft device is arranged on the sliding table, and drives the second grinding disc to rotate around the axis of the second grinding disc through the upper tray connected with the main shaft device; the lower tray is mounted on the base;
during grinding, the second grinding disc rotates around the axis; the sliding table approaches to the first grinding disc along the axis of the second grinding disc under the constraint of the upright post or other guide parts, along with a main shaft device, an upper tray connected with the main shaft device and the second grinding disc connected with the upper tray, and applies working pressure to the processed tapered rollers distributed in each linear groove of the first grinding disc;
the roller feeding mechanisms are respectively arranged at the inlets of the linear grooves of the first grinding disc and are used for pushing a processed tapered roller into the inlet of the linear groove of the first grinding disc when the inlet of any spiral groove of the second grinding disc is intersected with the inlet of the linear groove of the first grinding disc;
corresponding to host configuration three: two sets of spindle devices are arranged, one set of spindle device is arranged on the base, the first grinding disc is driven to rotate around the axis of the first grinding disc through the lower tray connected with the spindle device, the other set of spindle device is arranged on the sliding table, and the second grinding disc is driven to rotate around the axis of the second grinding disc through the upper tray connected with the spindle device; the two sets of spindle devices are provided with locking mechanisms, only one of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc is allowed to rotate at the same time, and the other grinding disc is in a circumferential locking state;
When the grinding disc set of the grinding device carries out grinding processing in a mode of rotating, the relative motion of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc is the same as that of the main machine; the installation position and the function of the roller feeding mechanism are the same as those of the main frame one;
when the grinding disc set of the grinding equipment carries out grinding processing in a mode II, the relative motion of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc is the same as that of the main machine mode II; the installation position and the function of the roller feeding mechanism are the same as those of the second main machine form;
during grinding, the processed tapered roller enters a grinding processing area H from the inlet of the first grinding disc linear groove, leaves the grinding processing area H from the outlet of the first grinding disc linear groove, and sequentially enters the inlet of the first grinding disc linear groove through the roller collecting device, the roller conveying system, the roller finishing mechanism and the roller feeding mechanism to form a cycle of linear feeding of the processed tapered roller between the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc along a linear groove base line and collecting, conveying, finishing and feeding through a roller circulating disc external system; the path of the circulation outside the grinding disc suite is the outlet of the linear groove of the first grinding disc, and the path is defined as the path outside the roller circulation disc after entering the inlet of the linear groove of the first grinding disc sequentially through the roller collecting device, the roller conveying system, the roller finishing mechanism and the roller feeding mechanism.
Further, during grinding processing, the base surface of the first grinding disc is overlapped with the base surface of the second grinding disc; and gaps are reserved between transition surfaces of two adjacent linear grooves connected on the front surface of the first grinding disc and transition surfaces of two adjacent spiral grooves connected on the front surface of the second grinding disc.
The invention also provides a grinding method for finishing the rolling surface of the tapered roller by using the grinding equipment, which comprises the following steps:
the first step, the second grinding disc approaches to the first grinding disc along the axis of the second grinding disc, and the space of each grinding processing area H formed by the surrounding of the working surface of the linear groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc can only accommodate one processed tapered roller;
step two, corresponding to a first rotation mode of the grinding disc suite, the axis of the first grinding disc rotates at a low speed of 1-10 rpm relative to the second grinding disc; corresponding to a second rotation mode of the grinding disc suite, the axis of the second grinding disc rotates at a low speed of 1-10 rpm relative to the first grinding disc; the rotation direction of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc is determined according to the rotation direction of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc and the positions of the inlet and the outlet of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
Step three, starting a roller conveying system, a roller finishing mechanism and a roller feeding mechanism; adjusting the feeding speed of the roller feeding mechanism to be matched with the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc so as to ensure that when the inlets of the spiral grooves of the second grinding disc are intersected with the inlets of the linear grooves of the first grinding disc, under the action of the roller feeding mechanism, a processed tapered roller enters each intersection of the inlets of the spiral grooves and the inlets of the linear grooves; the conveying speed of the roller conveying system and the finishing speed of the roller finishing mechanism are adjusted to be matched with the feeding speed of the roller feeding mechanism, so that the processed tapered rollers enter the intersection of the inlets in time under the action of the roller feeding mechanism through the roller conveying system and the roller finishing mechanism; the processed tapered roller entering the intersection of the inlet is then entered into the grinding processing area H under the pushing action of the working surface at the inlet of the spiral groove of the second grinding disk due to the relative rotation of the first grinding disk and the second grinding disk; the tapered roller to be processed entering the grinding processing area H makes linear feeding motion along the base line of the linear groove of the first grinding disc under the continuous pushing action of the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, penetrates through the linear groove, and leaves the grinding processing area H from the intersection of the outlet of each spiral groove of the second grinding disc and the outlet of each linear groove of the first grinding disc; the tapered rollers to be processed leaving the grinding processing area H sequentially enter an inlet intersection under the action of a roller feeding mechanism after the original sequence is disturbed through a roller collecting device, a roller conveying system and a roller finishing mechanism; thereby establishing the linear feeding of the processed tapered roller between the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc along the linear groove baseline and the cycle of collection, conveying, arrangement and feeding by a roller circulating system outside the disc;
Step four, adjusting the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc to 15-60 rpm relative working rotation speed, adjusting the feeding speed of the roller feeding mechanism to the working feeding speed to match the relative working rotation speed of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc, and adjusting the conveying speed of the roller conveying system and the finishing speed of the roller finishing mechanism to ensure that the stock of the tapered rollers to be processed in the outer system of the roller circulating disc is matched, and the circulation is smooth and orderly;
fifthly, filling grinding liquid into the grinding processing area H;
step six, the second grinding disc approaches to the first grinding disc along the axis of the second grinding disc, so that the rolling surfaces of the processed tapered rollers in the grinding processing area H are respectively in line contact with the two symmetrical side surfaces of the working surface of the linear groove of the first grinding disc and the first working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, the ball base surface of the big head end or the round corner of the small head end of the processed tapered rollers are in line contact with the second working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, and initial working pressure of 0.5-2N is applied to each processed tapered roller distributed in the grinding processing area H; the processed tapered roller continuously rotates around the axis of the processed tapered roller under the friction drive of the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc; meanwhile, the processed tapered roller makes linear feeding movement along the base line of the linear groove of the first grinding disc under the continuous pushing action of the spiral groove working surface; the rolling surface of the processed tapered roller starts to be subjected to grinding processing of the working surface of the first grinding disc linear groove and the working surface I of the second grinding disc spiral groove;
Step seven, gradually increasing the working pressure of each tapered roller to be processed distributed in the grinding processing area H to the normal working pressure of 2-50N along with the stable operation of the grinding processing process; the tapered roller to be processed maintains the linear contact relation between the working surface of the linear groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, the continuous rotation motion around the axis of the tapered roller to be processed and the linear feeding motion along the base line of the linear groove, and the rolling surface of the tapered roller to be processed continuously undergoes the grinding processing of the first working surface of the linear groove of the first grinding disc and the first working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
step eight, performing spot check on the tapered roller to be processed after a period of grinding processing; when the surface quality, the shape precision and the size consistency of the rolling surface of the processed tapered roller which is subjected to the spot check do not meet the technical requirements, continuing the grinding processing of the step; when the surface quality, the shape precision and the size consistency of the rolling surface of the processed tapered roller of the spot check meet the technical requirements, entering a step nine;
step nine, gradually reducing the working pressure and finally reaching zero; stopping the operation of the roller feeding mechanism, the roller conveying system and the roller finishing mechanism, and adjusting the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc to zero; stopping filling the grinding processing area H with the grinding liquid; the second abrasive disk is axially retracted to the rest position.
In the polishing apparatus for finishing a tapered roller rolling surface of the present invention, a magnetic structure may be further provided inside the second polishing pad of the polishing pad kit in both cases;
firstly, when a processed conical roller of a ferromagnetic material is ground by adopting a fixed abrasive grain grinding mode, a magnetic structure is arranged in a second grinding disc, and the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic structure is adjusted to ensure that the sliding friction driving moment generated when the working surface of a spiral groove of the second grinding disc rotates around the axis of the processed conical roller of the ferromagnetic material is larger than the sliding friction resistance moment generated when the working surface of a linear groove of the first grinding disc rotates around the axis of the processed conical roller of the ferromagnetic material, so that the processed conical roller of the ferromagnetic material is driven to continuously rotate around the axis of the processed conical roller of the ferromagnetic material;
and in the second case, when the processed conical roller made of the ferromagnetic material is ground by adopting a free abrasive grain grinding mode, the magnetic structure is arranged in the second grinding disc, so that the sliding friction driving moment generated by the rotation of the processed conical roller made of the ferromagnetic material around the axis of the processed conical roller made of the ferromagnetic material is increased, and the processed conical roller made of the ferromagnetic material continuously rotates around the axis of the processed conical roller made of the ferromagnetic material and is not restricted by the matching of the material of the working surface of the linear groove of the first grinding disc and the material of the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc.
For grinding the rolling surface of the tapered roller under the condition that the magnetic structure is arranged inside the second grinding disc of the grinding disc set in the grinding device, the roller circulation disc outer system in the grinding device further comprises a roller demagnetizing device, and the roller demagnetizing device is arranged in the roller conveying system in the roller disc outer circulation path or before the roller conveying system and is used for demagnetizing the processed tapered roller of the ferromagnetic material magnetized by the magnetic field of the magnetic structure arranged inside the second grinding disc, and the grinding method is different from the grinding method described above only in that:
step three, starting a roller demagnetizing device at the same time;
step six, before the initial working pressure is applied to the tapered roller to be processed distributed in the grinding processing area H, the magnetic structure enters a working state; the initial working pressure of 0.5-2N is applied to each processed tapered roller distributed in the grinding processing area H, and the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic structure is adjusted, so that the sliding friction driving moment generated by the rotation of the working face of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc around the self axis of the processed tapered roller is larger than the sliding friction resistance moment generated by the rotation of the working face of the linear groove of the first grinding disc around the self axis of the processed tapered roller, and the processed tapered roller is driven to continuously rotate around the self axis;
In step nine, after the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc is adjusted to zero, the magnetic structure is switched to a non-working state, and the roller demagnetizing device is stopped.
Before the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc are used for the first time, grinding the working surface of the linear groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc by using tapered rollers to be processed with the same geometric parameters; the running-in method is the same as the grinding method of the processed tapered roller; performing spot check on the processed tapered roller which participates in running-in, and entering a running-in process into a step nine when the surface quality, shape precision and size consistency of the rolling surface of the processed tapered roller of the spot check meet the technical requirements; otherwise, continuing to step eight.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the grinding process, in each grinding processing area H formed by encircling the working face of the first grinding disc linear groove and the working face of the first grinding disc spiral groove, the rolling surface of the processed tapered roller is respectively in line contact with the two side faces of the working face of the first grinding disc linear groove and the first working face of the second grinding disc spiral groove, the ball base face or the round corner or the small corner of the processed tapered roller is in line contact with the second working face of the second grinding disc spiral groove, the processed tapered roller rotates around the axis of the processed tapered roller under the friction drive of the working face of the second grinding disc spiral groove, and the rolling surface of the processed tapered roller and the working face of the first grinding disc linear groove relatively slide, so that the grinding processing of the rolling surface of the processed tapered roller is realized. The material removal of the rolling surface is directly related to the contact stress of the rolling surface and the linear groove working surface, when the rolling surface of the tapered roller to be processed with a larger diameter or the high point of the rolling surface of the tapered roller to be processed is contacted with the linear groove working surface, the contact stress of the rolling surface and the linear groove working surface is larger, and the material removal amount of the rolling surface at the contact position is larger; when the rolling surface of the tapered roller to be processed or the low point of the rolling surface of the tapered roller to be processed with a smaller diameter is in contact with the linear groove working surface, the contact stress of the rolling surface and the linear groove working surface is smaller, and the material removal amount of the rolling surface at the contact is smaller. Therefore, the high-point material is removed more, the low-point material is removed less on the tapered roller rolling surface, the material is removed more on the tapered roller rolling surface with larger diameter, and the material is removed less on the tapered roller rolling surface with smaller diameter.
Due to the open design of the linear grooves of the first grinding disc and the spiral grooves of the second grinding disc, the linear feeding of the processed tapered rollers between the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc along the linear groove base line and the circulation of collecting, conveying, arranging and feeding through the roller circulation system outside the disc exist in the grinding processing, and the original sequence of the processed tapered rollers can be disturbed when the tapered rollers pass through the roller circulation system outside the disc.
On the one hand, the open design of the linear grooves of the first grinding disc and the spiral grooves of the second grinding disc is very suitable for finishing the rolling surfaces of large-batch tapered rollers; on the other hand, the above-mentioned characteristics of more high-point materials and less low-point materials on the tapered roller rolling surface, more materials on the tapered roller rolling surface with larger diameter and less materials on the tapered roller rolling surface with smaller diameter can be diffused to the whole processing batch by the disordered sequence of the processed tapered rollers when the outside-disc system is circulated by the rollers, so that the shape precision and the size consistency of the tapered roller rolling surface of the whole batch can be improved; on the other hand, during grinding, the first grinding disc straight groove and the second grinding disc spiral groove have dozens to hundreds of intersections, namely, dozens to hundreds of tapered rollers to be processed participate in grinding, so that the processing efficiency of the tapered roller rolling surface can be improved, and the processing cost can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a polishing disc kit of the present invention;
FIG. 2 (a) is a schematic view showing the contact relationship between the rolling surface of the tapered roller to be processed and the working surface of the linear groove of the first grinding disc;
FIG. 2 (b) is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the tapered roller being processed;
FIG. 2 (c) is a schematic view of a two-dimensional structure of a tapered roller to be processed;
FIG. 2 (d) is a schematic view of the scan profile of the scan surface of the first polishing disc of the present invention where the working surface of the linear groove is located;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the base surface of a first abrasive disk of the present invention;
FIG. 4 (a) is a schematic view of the spiral groove structure of a second abrasive disk of the present invention;
FIG. 4 (b) is a schematic view showing the contact relationship between the tapered roller to be processed and the spiral groove working face of the present invention;
FIG. 4 (c) is a schematic representation of the features of a right circular cone equiangular spiral of the present invention;
FIG. 5 (a) is a schematic view showing the contact and freedom of movement of the tapered roller to be processed with the grinding disc in the grinding state of the present invention;
fig. 5 (b) is an enlarged view of the portion E in fig. 5 (a);
FIG. 6 (a) is a schematic view showing the contact between a tapered roller to be processed and a spiral groove working surface;
FIG. 6 (b) is a schematic diagram showing the contact between the tapered roller to be processed and the working surface of the spiral groove;
FIG. 6 (c) is a schematic diagram showing the contact between the tapered roller to be processed and the working surface of the spiral groove;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the distribution of tapered rollers to be processed in linear grooves and spiral grooves in the state of grinding processing according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 (a) is a schematic view of a mainframe of the polishing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 8 (b) is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the main frame of the polishing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 9 (a) is a schematic view of a tapered roller cycle of a main frame type of the grinding apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 9 (b) is a schematic view of a circulation of a two tapered roller of a main frame type of the grinding apparatus of the invention;
FIG. 10 (a) is a schematic view of the circulation of a processed tapered roller inside and outside the polishing disc kit of the main frame type of the present invention;
FIG. 10 (b) is a schematic view of a main frame of the present invention in which a tapered roller being processed enters a grinding processing area under the pushing action of a working surface at the entrance of a spiral groove;
FIG. 11 (a) is a schematic view of the circulation of the second processed tapered roller of the present invention inside and outside the polishing disc package;
FIG. 11 (b) is a schematic view showing the entry of the second processed tapered roller of the main frame type of the present invention into the grinding processing area by pushing the working face at the entrance of the spiral groove.
In the figure:
11-a base;
12-stand columns;
13-a cross beam;
14-a sliding table;
15-upper tray;
16-a lower tray;
17-axial loading means;
18-a spindle device;
2-an abrasive disk package;
21-a first abrasive disk;
211—front face of first abrasive disk;
2111-straight grooves;
21111—working surface of straight line groove;
211111, 211112 —two symmetrical sides of the working face of the linear groove;
21112-plane of symmetry;
21113-linear groove scan surface;
211131-cross-sectional profile of the linear trench scan surface;
2111311, 2111312-two symmetrical straight line segments;
211132-symmetry line of the cross-sectional profile of the scanning plane in which the working face of the first grinding disc linear groove is located, in its normal cross-section;
21114-straight line trench cross section;
21116—the baseline of the linear groove (the scan path of the scan plane where the working surface of the first grinding disc linear groove is located, straight line);
21117-bottom line of first abrasive disk straight line groove;
21118-entrance of straight trench;
21119-exit of linear groove;
2112-transition surface;
212—a mounting face of a first abrasive disk;
213—axis of the first grinding disc;
214-the base surface of the first grinding disc (right circular cone);
2141—a section of the base surface of the first abrasive disk in the axial section of the first abrasive disk;
215—an axial section of the first grinding disc;
22-a second abrasive disk;
221-the front face of a second abrasive disk;
2211-a spiral groove;
22111—a working surface of a spiral groove;
221111-first working face;
221112-working face two;
221121-scan plane one;
221122-scan plane two;
221131-first cross-sectional profile;
221132-second cross-sectional profile;
22116-base line of helical groove (scan path, right circular cone equiangular helix);
22117-tangent one;
22118-entrance to the helical groove;
22119-outlet of the spiral groove;
2212-connecting transition surfaces of adjacent spiral grooves;
222-a mounting face of a second abrasive disk;
223-axis of the second abrasive disk;
224—the base surface of the second grinding disc (right circular cone);
2241-an axial section line of the base surface of the second abrasive disk;
2242-prime lines;
2243-tangent line two;
225-a second abrasive disk shaft section;
3-a tapered roller to be processed;
31-axis of the tapered roller being processed;
32-rolling surfaces of the tapered rollers being machined;
321-contact lines of the rolling surface of the processed tapered roller and two symmetrical side surfaces of the working surface of the linear groove of the first grinding disc respectively in line contact;
322-a contact line of the rolling surface of the processed tapered roller with the first working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
33-small head ends of the tapered rollers to be processed;
331-rounding the small end;
3312-contact line of the small-end rounding of the processed tapered roller with the working surface II of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
34-big head end of processed tapered roller;
341-rounding the big end;
3412-a contact line of the rounded corner at the large end of the processed tapered roller with the second working surface of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
342-a ball basal plane of the large head end of the processed tapered roller;
3422-contact line of the ball basal surface of the large head end of the processed tapered roller and the working surface II of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
41-a roller collection device;
43-roller conveyor system;
44-a roller finishing mechanism;
45-roller feed mechanism;
451-roller feed channels;
4511-locating surface of roller feed channel;
452-butting helical grooves;
4521-abutting helical groove faces;
45211-butt-joint spiral groove working face one;
45212-butt-joint spiral groove working face two;
C. d-two end points of the rolling surface of the processed tapered roller mapped on the axis of the tapered roller;
during G-grinding, the intersection of the linear groove of the first grinding disc and the spiral groove of the second grinding disc;
h-grinding the processing area;
during J-grinding, the intersection of the linear groove inlet of the first grinding disc and the spiral groove inlet of the second grinding disc;
During K-grinding, the intersection of the linear groove outlet of the first grinding disc and the spiral groove outlet of the second grinding disc;
M 1 /M 2 -the midpoint of either of the two symmetrical straight line segments;
p-a moving point on a plain wire on the base surface of the second grinding disc;
q-the midpoint of the mapping of the rolling surface of the tapered roller being machined on its axis;
2 alpha-cone apex angle of the base surface of the first abrasive disk;
2 beta-cone apex angle of the basal plane of the second grinding disc;
the included angle between the axis of the processed tapered roller and the base line of the linear groove of the first grinding disc during gamma-grinding;
2 theta-an included angle of two symmetrical straight line sections of the cross section outline of the scanning surface where the working surface of the first grinding disc straight line groove is located in the normal cross section;
taper angle of the tapered roller to be processed;
lambda-the helix angle of the right circular cone equiangular helix;
h, the distance between the base line of the linear groove of the first grinding disc and the bottom line of the linear groove;
l 1 -the length of either of the two symmetrical straight line segments;
l 2 -the distance of the midpoint of any one of the two symmetrical straight line segments from the intersection of the two straight line segment extensions;
l-axial length of rolling surface of tapered roller to be processed;
r-the radius of the large head end of the tapered roller to be processed;
SR-radius of spherical basal plane of large head end of processed tapered roller.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings. The embodiments described by referring to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the constituent parts described in the following embodiments are not limited to those described specifically.
The invention proposes an abrasive disc kit for finishing tapered roller rolling surfaces, comprising a pair of first abrasive discs 21 and second abrasive discs 22 which are coaxial 213 and 223, the front surface 211 of the first abrasive disc 21 being arranged opposite to the front surface 221 of the second abrasive disc 22, as shown in fig. 1, reference numeral 213 being the axis of the first abrasive disc (i.e. the axis of the right circular cone of the base surface 214 of the first abrasive disc), and reference numeral 223 being the axis of the second abrasive disc (i.e. the axis of the right circular cone of the base surface 224 of the second abrasive disc).
The mounting surface 212 of the first grinding disc and the mounting surface 222 of the second grinding disc are opposite to the front surface 211 of the first grinding disc and the front surface 221 of the second grinding disc respectively, and the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 are connected with corresponding mounting foundations on the tapered roller rolling surface finishing grinding equipment through the respective mounting surfaces 212/222 respectively.
The front surface 211 of the first grinding disk 21 includes a set (not less than 3) of linear grooves 2111 radially distributed and a transition surface 2112 connecting adjacent two of the linear grooves 2111.
As shown in fig. 2 (a), the surface of the linear groove 2111 includes a linear groove working surface 21111 which comes into contact with the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller 3 to be processed during grinding and a non-working surface which does not come into contact with the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed. Fig. 2 (b) and 2 (c) show a three-dimensional structure and a two-dimensional structure of the tapered roller 3 to be processed, respectively.
As shown in fig. 2 (a), the working surface 21111 of the linear groove is on a linear groove scanning surface 21113 symmetrical on both sides, and the linear groove scanning surface 21113 is a constant cross-section scanning surface; the scanning path of the linear groove scanning surface 21113 is a straight line, and the generatrix (i.e. scanning contour) of the linear groove scanning surface 21113 is within the linear groove normal section 21114. The straight-line trench normal section 21114 is a plane perpendicular to the scanning path (straight line) of the straight-line trench 21111.
As shown in fig. 2 (d), in the straight-line groove normal section 21114, the cross-sectional profile 211131 of the straight-line groove scanning surface (the scanning profile in the straight-line groove normal section 21114) is two symmetrical straight-line segments 2111311 and 21113 12, the length of any straight line 2111311/2111312 is l 1 The midpoint M of any straight line segment 2111311/2111312 1 /M 2 The distance between the two straight line segment extension lines and the intersection point is l 2 And the included angle between the two straight line sections is 2 theta.
As shown in fig. 2 (a), define: a straight line passing through the intersection of the two straight line segment extensions and parallel to the scanning path of the straight line groove scanning surface 21113 is a bottom line 21117 of the straight line groove 2111.
The symmetry plane 21112 of the linear groove working surface 21111 is a plane containing the symmetry line 211132 of the cross-sectional profile 211131 of the linear groove scanning surface 21113 and the scanning path of the linear groove scanning surface 21113. In the grinding process, the axis 31 of the tapered roller to be machined is in the symmetrical plane 21112 of the working surface 21111 of the linear groove, the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be machined is in line contact (tangent) with the two symmetrical side surfaces 211111/211112 of the working surface 21111 of the linear groove, reference numeral 321 is a contact line in which line contact occurs, and the larger head end 34 of the smaller head end 33 of the tapered roller to be machined is closer to the bottom line 21117 of the linear groove. The scan path of the linear groove scan surface 21113 passes through the midpoint Q of the map CD of the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller being machined on its axis 31, defining: the scan path (straight line) is the baseline 21116 of the straight line trench 2111, the baseline 21116 of the straight line trench being parallel to the bottom line 21117 of the straight line trench.
The specific meaning of the straight line groove scanning surface 21113 being a constant section scanning surface is: the cross-sectional profile 211131 of the linear channel scanning surface 21113 remains unchanged within the linear channel normal section 21114 at different locations of the linear channel baseline 21116.
It can be understood that the relation between the scanning surface and the working surface thereon is as follows: the scanning surface determines the shape, position and boundary of the working surface, and the scanning surface is a continuous surface; the working surface and the corresponding scanning surface have the same shape, position and boundary, and the working surface can be discontinuous without affecting the contact relationship between the tapered roller 3 and the working surface and the grinding uniformity of the tapered roller rolling surface 32.
As shown in fig. 3, the base lines 21116 of all the linear grooves are distributed on a right conical surface, defining: the right conical surface is a base surface 214 of the first grinding disc 21, and an axis of the base surface 214 is an axis 213 of the first grinding disc 21.
Definition: the cone apex angle 2α of the base surface 214 of the first grinding disc is an angle formed by the truncated line 2141 of the base surface 214 located on the solid side of the first grinding disc 21 in the axial section 215 of the first grinding disc, and the reference symbol α is the cone apex half angle of the base surface 214.
The linear groove baseline 21116 is within the axial cross section 215 of the first abrasive disk, and the plane of symmetry 21112 of the linear groove working surface 21111 coincides with the axial cross section 215 of the first abrasive disk containing the linear groove baseline 21116.
As shown in fig. 2 (a) and 2 (c), the half cone angle of the tapered roller 3 to be processed isFor a given large head end radius R, rolling surface axial length L and cone angle +.>The distance between the base line 21116 and the bottom line 21117 of the linear groove corresponding to the machined tapered roller 3 is h, the axis 31 of the machined tapered roller and the base line 21116 of the linear groove intersect at the midpoint Q of the map CD of the rolling surface 32 of the machined tapered roller on the axis 31 of the machined tapered roller, the included angle between the axis 31 of the machined tapered roller 3 and the base line 21116 of the linear groove 2111 is gamma, and:
the midpoint M of any one of two symmetrical straight line segments 2111311/2111312 of the cross-sectional profile 211131 of the linear groove scanning surface 21113, which constitutes the linear groove working surface 21111, is adapted to the given tapered roller 3 to be processed 1 /M 2 Distance l from the intersection of the two straight-line segment extensions 1 Length l of any one of the straight line segments 2111311/2111312 2 And the distance h between the base line 21116 and the bottom line 21117 of the linear groove, can be determined analytically or graphically by means of three-dimensional design software, based on the line contact (tangency) relationship between the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller being machined and the linear groove running surface 21111 during the grinding process.
The structural relationship between the linear groove scanning surface 21113 where the linear groove working surface 21111 corresponding to the given tapered roller 3 to be machined is located and the tapered roller 3 to be machined can be expressed as: the relative position and posture of the axis 31 of the tapered roller to be processed relative to the base line 21116 of the linear groove of the first grinding disc are determined in the symmetry plane 21112 of the working face 21111 of the linear groove according to the constraint relation of the working face 21111 of the linear groove of the first grinding disc to the given tapered roller 3 to be processed in grinding, namely, the axis 31 of the tapered roller 3 to be processed intersects with the base line 21116 of the linear groove at the midpoint Q of the map CD of the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed on the axis 31 thereof, and the included angle with the base line 21116 of the linear groove is gamma. The tapered roller 3 to be processed is moved linearly along the base line 21116 of the linear groove relative to the first grinding disc 21, so that the material of the first grinding disc, which physically interferes with the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed, at the front 211 is removed, and two symmetrical surfaces, which physically form at the front 211 and are related to the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed, are the linear groove scanning surfaces 21113 where the linear groove working surfaces 21111 are located.
Meets the requirements of the given large head end radius R, the axial length L of the rolling surface and the cone angle of the processed tapered rollerAnd a cross-sectional profile 21113 of a linear groove scanning surface 21113 where the linear groove working surface 21111 is located in a line contact (tangent) relation of the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed and the linear groove working surface 21111 at the time of grinding processing1. The combination of the distance h of the linear groove base line 21116 from the bottom line 21117 and the angle γ of the machined tapered roller axis 31 from the linear groove base line 21116 is not unique.
The cross-section contour 211131 of the linear groove scanning surface 21113 where the linear groove working surface 21111 is located, which is adapted to the machined tapered roller 3 whose rolling surface 32 is designed with convexity, is correspondingly shaped according to the convexity curve of the rolling surface 32. The cross-sectional profile 211131 after modification is two symmetrical curved sections that are concave inward toward the solid body of the first abrasive disk 21. The angle between the tangents of the two curved segments at their respective midpoints is 2θ, and a straight line passing through the intersection of the tangents of the two curved segments at their respective midpoints and parallel to the scanning path of the straight line trench scanning surface 21113 is the bottom line 21117 of the straight line trench 2111.
During the polishing process, the tapered roller 3 to be processed sequentially enters the linear grooves 2111 from the inlet 21118 of each linear groove, passes through the linear grooves 2111, and exits the linear grooves 2111 from the outlet 21119 of the corresponding linear groove.
The inlet 21118 of each linear groove is provided at the outer edge of the first polishing disc 21, and the outlet 21119 of each linear groove is provided at the inner edge of the first polishing disc 21. Or the inlets 21118 of the linear grooves are all arranged at the inner edge of the first grinding disc 21, and the outlets 21119 of the linear grooves are all arranged at the outer edge of the first grinding disc 21. It is recommended that the inlets 21118 of the linear grooves be provided on the outer edge of the first polishing disk 21, and the outlets 21119 of the linear grooves be provided on the inner edge of the first polishing disk 21.
It is recommended that all the linear grooves 2111 be uniformly distributed around the axis 213 of the first grinding disk.
As shown in fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the front surface 221 of the second polishing disc includes one or more spiral grooves 2211 and a transition surface 2212 connecting adjacent spiral grooves, and two spiral grooves are shown in fig. 4 (a), 5 (a), 7, 8 (a), 8 (b), 9 (a), 9 (b), 10 (a) and 11 (a).
The surface of the spiral groove 2211 includes a working surface 22111 of the spiral groove which is in contact with the tapered roller 3 to be processed during grinding and a non-working surface which is not in contact with the tapered roller 3 to be processed.
The working surface 22111 of the spiral groove includes a first working surface 221111 which is in contact with the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed during grinding and a second working surface 221112 which is in contact with the ball base surface 342 (or the large-end rounded corner 341 or the small-end rounded corner 331) of the tapered roller to be processed.
The first working surface 221111 and the second working surface 221112 are respectively arranged on the first scanning surface 221121 and the second scanning surface 221122, and the first scanning surface 221121 and the second scanning surface 221122 are uniform-section scanning surfaces. The rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed and the ball base surface 342 (or the big-end rounded corner 341 or the small-end rounded corner 331) of the big-end of the tapered roller to be processed are tangent to the first 221111 and second 221112 working surfaces under the constraint of the first linear groove working surface 21111. The first scan plane 221121 and the second scan plane 221122 have the same scan path 22116, and are all regular-cone equiangular spirals distributed on a regular-cone surface passing through the midpoint Q of the map CD of the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed on the axis 31 thereof.
The regular-cone equiangular spiral 22116 is characterized in that: as shown in fig. 4 (c), a line 2242 on the right cone 224 rotates around the axis 223 of the right cone 224, a moving point P moves linearly along the line 2242, an included angle λ between a tangent line 22117 of the moving point P and a tangent line two 2243 of the right cone 224 perpendicular to the line 2242, and λ+.0. The locus of the moving point P is the regular-cone equiangular spiral 22116, and the included angle λ is the lead angle of the regular-cone equiangular spiral 22116.
Definition: the scanning paths 22116 of the first scanning surface 221121 and the second scanning surface 221122 where the first working surface 221111 and the second working surface 221112 are located are the base lines of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc, the right circular conical surface is the base surface 224 of the second grinding disc 22, and the axis of the base surface 224 is the axis 223 of the second grinding disc 22.
As shown in fig. 4 (a), define: the cone apex angle 2β of the base 224 of the second grinding disc is an included angle where the axis section line 2241 of the base of the second grinding disc is located at one side of the entity of the second grinding disc 22, and the reference symbol β is the cone apex half angle of the base 224.
The generatrix (i.e., scan profile) of the first 221121 and second 221122 scan surfaces are both within the axial cross section 225 of the second abrasive disk.
The specific meaning of the first scanning surface 221121 and the second scanning surface 221122 being equal-section scanning surfaces is as follows: in the second abrasive disk shaft cross section 225 at a different location of the spiral groove base line 22116, the cross-sectional profile one 221131 of the scan surface one 221121 and the cross-sectional profile two 221132 of the scan surface two 221122 remain unchanged.
The cone apex angle 2β of the base surface 224 of the second grinding disc and the cone apex angle 2α of the base surface 214 of the first grinding disc satisfy the relationship:
2α+2β＝360°
in the polishing process, under the constraint of the working surface 21111 of the linear groove of the first polishing pad, as shown in fig. 5 (a), fig. 5 (b) is an enlarged view of the portion E of fig. 5 (a), the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed is in line contact (tangent) with the working surface one 221111 of the spiral groove, and the large-end spherical base surface 342 (or the large-end rounded corner 341 or the small-end rounded corner 331) of the tapered roller to be processed is in line contact (tangent) with the working surface two 221112 of the spiral groove. The tapered roller 3 to be machined has only a degree of freedom of rotational movement about its own axis 31.
When the tapered rollers 3 to be processed in the different linear grooves 2111 of the first polishing disc are distributed in the same spiral groove 2211 of the second polishing disc during polishing, the directions of the small tips 33 in the different linear grooves 2111 of the first polishing disc are the same. The orientation of the small head ends 33 depends on the cross-sectional profile 22113 of the scanning surface 22112 of the spiral groove working surface 22111 of the tapered roller 3 to be machined, or both of the small head ends are oriented toward the outlet 21119 of the linear groove, or both of the small head ends are oriented toward the inlet 21118 of the linear groove. When the tapered rollers 3 to be processed in the same linear groove 2111 of the first grinding disc are distributed in different spiral grooves 2211 of the second grinding disc, the directions of the small head ends 33 of the tapered rollers in the same linear groove 2111 of the first grinding disc may be different. Fig. 4 (a), 5 (a), 7, 8 (a), 8 (b), 9 (a), 9 (b), 10 (a) and 11 (a) show two spiral grooves, wherein the small end 33 of the machined tapered roller 3 corresponding to the cross-sectional profile 22113 of the scanning surface 22112 where the working surface 22111 of one spiral groove is located is directed to the outlet 21119 of the straight groove, and the small end 33 of the machined tapered roller 3 corresponding to the cross-sectional profile 22113 of the scanning surface 22112 where the working surface 22111 of the other spiral groove is located is directed to the inlet 21118 of the straight groove.
As shown in fig. 6 (a), when the small end 33 of the tapered roller 3 to be processed in the first grinding disk linear groove 2111 is directed to the outlet 21119 of the linear groove, the large end spherical base 342 of the tapered roller to be processed makes line contact with the second 221112 working face of the spiral groove, and reference numeral 3422 is a contact line with which line contact occurs.
As shown in fig. 6 (b), when the small end 33 of the tapered roller 3 to be machined in the first grinding disk linear groove 2111 is directed to the outlet 1119 of the linear groove 2111 and the lead angle λ of the base line 22116 of the spiral groove is larger than a certain value or the radius SR of the ball base surface 342 of the large end of the tapered roller to be machined is larger than a certain value, the large end rounded corner 341 of the tapered roller to be machined makes line contact with the second 221112 of the working surface of the spiral groove, and reference numeral 3412 is a contact line where line contact occurs.
As shown in fig. 6 (c), when the small end 33 of the tapered roller 3 to be processed in the first grinding disk linear groove 2111 is directed to the inlet 21118 of the linear groove, the small end rounded corner 331 of the tapered roller to be processed makes line contact with the second 221112 working surface of the spiral groove, and reference numeral 3312 is a contact line where line contact occurs.
As shown in fig. 6 (a), 6 (b) and 6 (c), reference numeral 322 denotes a contact line of the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed with the first 221111 of the running surface of the spiral groove.
As shown in fig. 4 (b), the cross-sectional profile one 221131 of the scan plane one 221121 on which the spiral groove work plane one 221111 is located (the scan profile of the scan plane one 221121 in the second grinding wheel shaft section 225) is directly related to the line contact relationship between the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be machined and the spiral groove work plane one 221111 and the base line 22116 of the spiral groove.
The second cross-sectional profile 221132 of the second scan surface 221122 (the scan profile of the second scan surface 221122 in the second grinding disc axial section 225) of the second work surface 221112 of the spiral groove is directly related to the line contact relationship between the large-end ball base 342 (or the large-end rounded corner 341 or the small-end rounded corner 331) of the tapered roller to be processed and the second work surface 221112 of the spiral groove, and the baseline 22116 of the spiral groove.
The first 221131 cross-sectional profile of the first 221121 scan surface of the first 221111 spiral groove and the second 221132 cross-sectional profile of the second 221122 scan surface of the second 221112 spiral groove may be determined by parsing or by a three-dimensional design software according to the line contact relationship between the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed and the first 221111 spiral groove scan surface, the line contact relationship between the large-end spherical base 342 (or the large-end rounded corner 341 or the small-end rounded corner 331) of the tapered roller to be processed and the second 221112 scan surface of the spiral groove, and the baseline 22116 scan surface of the spiral groove.
The structural relationship between the scanning surface 22112 where the spiral groove working surface 22111 corresponding to the given tapered roller 3 is located and the tapered roller 3 to be processed can be expressed as: according to the constraint relation of the working surface 21111 of the linear groove of the first grinding disc on the given tapered roller 3 to be processed, the structural relation of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 and the relative position relation of the working surface of the linear groove of the first grinding disc during grinding processing, the position and the posture of the axis 31 of the tapered roller to be processed relative to the basal plane 224 of the second grinding disc and the base line 22116 of the spiral groove are determined, namely, the axis 31 of the tapered roller to be processed is in the axial section 225 of the second grinding disc, the axial section line 2241 of the basal plane 224 of the second grinding disc is intersected with the midpoint Q of the CD of the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed on the axis 31 of the tapered roller to be processed, the included angle between the axial section line 2241 of the basal plane of the second grinding disc is gamma, and the included angle between the base line 22116 of the spiral groove of the tapered roller to be processed and the midpoint Q of the CD of the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed on the axis 31. In combination with the orientation of the small end 33 of the tapered roller 3 to be processed in the linear groove 2111 of the first grinding disc, the tapered roller 3 to be processed is subjected to regular circular cone equiangular spiral motion relative to the second grinding disc 22 along the base line 22116 of the spiral groove. When the small head end 33 of the machined tapered roller 3 in the first grinding disc linear groove 2111 points to the outlet 21119 of the linear groove, the material which is physically interfered with the rolling surface 32 of the machined tapered roller and the large head end ball base surface 342 (or the large head end chamfer 341) of the machined tapered roller on the front surface 221 of the second grinding disc is removed, and the surface which is physically formed on the front surface 221 and is respectively related to the rolling surface 32 of the machined tapered roller and the large head end ball base surface 342 (or the large head end chamfer 341) of the machined tapered roller is the scanning surface one 221121 and the scanning surface two 221122 where the first 221111 and the second 221112 of the working surface of the spiral groove are located, and the cross section outline 22113 of the scanning surface 22112 where the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove is located is matched with the machined tapered roller 3 of which the small head end 33 points to the outlet 21119 of the linear groove. When the small head end 33 of the tapered roller 3 to be processed in the first grinding disc linear groove 2111 points to the inlet 21118 of the linear groove 2111, the material that the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed and the small head end fillets 331 interfere with each other in the entity of the front 221 of the second grinding disc is removed, and the surfaces that are formed in the entity of the front 221 and related to the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed and the small head end fillets 331 are the first scanning surface 221121 and the second scanning surface 221122 of the first 221111 and the second 221112 of the spiral groove, and the cross-section outline 22113 of the scanning surface 22112 of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove corresponds to the cross-section outline 22113 of the tapered roller 3 to be processed, of which the small head end 33 points to the outlet 21119 of the linear groove.
When the inlet 21118 of the linear groove is provided at the outer edge of the first polishing disc 21 and the outlet 21119 of the linear groove is provided at the inner edge of the first polishing disc 21, the inlet 22118 of the second polishing disc spiral groove is provided at the outer edge of the second polishing disc 22 and the outlet 22119 of the second polishing disc spiral groove 2211 is provided at the inner edge of the second polishing disc 22. When the inlet 21118 of the linear groove is provided at the inner edge of the first polishing disc 21 and the outlet 21119 of the linear groove is provided at the outer edge of the first polishing disc 21, the inlet 22118 of the second polishing disc spiral groove 2211 is provided at the inner edge of the second polishing disc 22 and the outlet 22119 of the second polishing disc spiral groove 2211 is provided at the outer edge of the second polishing disc 22.
It is recommended that all the spiral grooves 2211 are uniformly distributed around the axis 223 of the second grinding disc.
When 2α=2β=180°, the base surface 214 of the first abrasive disk and the base surface 224 of the second abrasive disk are both planar; the axis 213 of the first grinding disc is perpendicular to the base surface 214 of the first grinding disc, the axis 223 of the second grinding disc is perpendicular to the base surface 224 of the second grinding disc, and there are cases where the base line 21116 of the linear groove is not within the axial section 215 of the first grinding disc in addition to the base line 21116 of the linear groove being within the axial section 215 of the first grinding disc. When the base line 21116 of the linear groove is not within the axial section 215 of the first grinding disc, the symmetry plane 21112 of the linear groove working surface 21111 is parallel to the axis 213 of the first grinding disc, and when grinding, the axis 231 of the tapered roller being machined is not within the axial sections 215/225 of the first and second grinding discs.
During the polishing process, the base surface 214 of the first polishing plate is overlapped with the base surface 224 of the second polishing plate; a gap exists between a transition surface 2112 connecting two adjacent linear grooves 2111 on the front surface 211 of the first polishing disc and a transition surface 2212 connecting adjacent spiral grooves on the front surface 221 of the second polishing disc.
As shown in fig. 7, during the polishing process, corresponding to each intersection G of the spiral groove 2211 of the second polishing disc and the linear groove 2111 of the first polishing disc, a tapered roller 3 to be processed, which has a small head 33 pointing toward the scanning surface 22112 where the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove 2211 passes through the intersection G, is distributed along the base line 21116 of the linear groove 2111 in the linear groove 2111 of the first polishing disc. Definition: corresponding to each intersection G, a region surrounded by the working surface 21111 of the first grinding disc linear groove and the working surface 22111 of the second grinding disc spiral groove is a grinding processing region H.
The invention also provides grinding equipment for finishing the rolling surface of the tapered roller, which comprises a main machine, a roller circulation disc external system and the grinding disc suite 2, as shown in fig. 8 (a) and 8 (b).
The main machine comprises a base 11, upright posts 12, a cross beam 13, a sliding table 14, an upper tray 15, a lower tray 16, an axial loading device 17 and a main shaft device 18.
The base 11, the upright 12 and the cross beam 13 form a frame of the host.
The first grinding disc 21 of the grinding disc set 2 is connected with the lower tray 16, and the second grinding disc 22 of the grinding disc set 2 is connected with the upper tray 15.
The sliding table 14 is connected with the cross beam 13 through the axial loading device 17, and the upright post 12 can also serve as a guiding component to provide a guiding function for the sliding table 14 to move linearly along the axis of the second grinding disc. The sliding table 14 is driven by the axial loading device 17 to linearly move along the axial direction of the second grinding disc 22 under the constraint of the upright post 12 or other guiding components.
The spindle device 18 is used to drive the first grinding disk 21 or the second grinding disk 22 in rotation about its axis.
As shown in fig. 9 (a) and 9 (b), the roller circulation off-disc system includes a roller collecting device 41, a roller conveying system 43, a roller finishing mechanism 44, and a roller feeding mechanism 45.
The roller collecting means 41 is provided at the outlet 21119 of each linear groove for collecting the tapered roller 3 to be processed which exits from the outlet 21119 of each linear groove to the grinding processing area H.
The roller conveying system 43 is used for conveying the processed tapered roller 3 from the roller collecting device 41 to the roller feeding mechanism 45.
The roller finishing mechanism 44 is disposed at the front end of the roller feeding mechanism 45, and is used for adjusting the axis 31 of the tapered roller to be processed to the direction required by the roller feeding mechanism 45, and adjusting the direction of the small end 33 of the tapered roller 3 to be processed to the direction corresponding to the cross-section outline 22113 of the scanning surface 22112 where the working surface 22111 of the second grinding disc spiral groove 2211 is located.
During the polishing process, there are two ways of turning the polishing disc kit 2; in the first mode, the first polishing disk 21 rotates around its axis, and the second polishing disk 22 does not rotate; in the second mode, the first polishing disk 21 does not rotate, and the second polishing disk 22 rotates around its axis.
The host has three configurations: a mainframe-type for the abrasive disk assembly 2 to revolve in a manner; the second main machine type is used for the second rotary motion of the grinding disc sleeve 2; the third mode of the machine is suitable for both the first mode of rotation of the polishing disc kit 2 and the second mode of rotation of the polishing disc kit 2.
Corresponding to the first main frame configuration, as shown in fig. 8 (a), the spindle device 18 is mounted on the base 11, and drives the first grinding disk 21 to rotate around its axis by the lower tray 16 connected thereto; the upper tray 15 is connected to the slide table 14, and the second grinding disc 22 and the upper tray 15 do not rotate.
During the grinding process, the first grinding wheel 21 rotates about its axis 213 relative to the second grinding wheel 22. The rotation direction of the first grinding disc 21 is determined according to the rotation direction of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc and the positions of the inlet 22118 and the outlet 22119 of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc, so as to ensure that the tapered roller 3 to be processed can enter the linear groove 2111 from the inlet 21118 of each linear groove and leave the linear groove 2111 from the outlet 21119 of each corresponding linear groove. The sliding table 14 approaches the first grinding disc 21 along the axis of the second grinding disc 22 together with the upper tray 15 connected with the sliding table and the second grinding disc 22 connected with the upper tray under the constraint of the upright posts 12 or other guiding components, and applies working pressure to the tapered rollers 3 to be processed distributed in each linear groove of the first grinding disc 21.
As shown in fig. 10 (a) and 10 (b), each spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc is provided with a roller feeding mechanism 45, and the roller feeding mechanism 45 is respectively installed at an inlet 22118 of each spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc and is used for pushing a tapered roller 3 to be processed into the inlet 21118 of the linear groove when the inlet 21118 of any linear groove intersects with the inlet 22118 of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc.
The roller feeding mechanism 45 is internally provided with a roller feeding channel 451 and a section of butt-joint spiral groove 452, the working surface 4521 of the butt-joint spiral groove 452 is a continuation of the working surface 22111 of the second grinding disc spiral groove in the roller feeding mechanism 45, the working surface 4521 of the butt-joint spiral groove comprises a first working surface 45211 and a second working surface 45212 which are respectively contacted with the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed and the ball base surface 342 (or the big-end chamfer 341 or the small-end chamfer 331) of the tapered roller to be processed in the feeding process of the tapered roller 3 to be processed, the first working surface 45211 and the second working surface 45212 of the butt-joint spiral groove 452 are a continuation of the first working surface 221111 and the second working surface 221112 of the second grinding disc spiral groove, and the roller feeding channel 451 is intersected with the butt-joint spiral groove 452. During entry of the machined tapered roller 3 into the linear groove entrance 21118, the axis 31 of the machined tapered roller 3 remains parallel with the axis 31 of the linear groove 2111 at the linear groove entrance 21118, or transitions from nearly parallel to parallel, under the constraint of the roller feed channel 451.
During the polishing process, the abutting spiral grooves 452 in the roller feed mechanism 45 at the inlet 22118 of each spiral groove 2211 of the second polishing disk sequentially intersect with the inlet 21118 of each linear groove during the rotation of the first polishing disk 21. At the entrance 22118 of any one of the spiral grooves 2211, when the abutting spiral groove 452 in the roller feeding mechanism 45 at the entrance 22118 of the spiral groove 2211 intersects with the entrance 21118 of any one of the linear grooves, under the action of gravity or pushing of the roller feeding mechanism 45, the tapered roller 3 to be processed, which is oriented to be adapted to the cross-sectional profile 22113 of the scanning surface 22112 where the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove 2211 is located, enters the entrance 21118 of the linear groove in the radial direction thereof in such a manner that the rolling surface 32 thereof approaches the working surface 21111 of the first grinding disc linear groove 2111. The tapered roller 3 to be processed entering the inlet 21118 of the linear groove rotates with the first grinding disk 21 relative to the second grinding disk 22, and then enters the grinding processing area H by pushing the working face 4521 of the abutting spiral groove 452 in the roller feed mechanism 45 at the inlet 22118 of the second grinding disk spiral groove 2211.
On the one hand, the processed tapered roller 3 continuously rotates around the own axis 31 under the drive of the sliding friction driving moment of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc; on the other hand, as shown in fig. 9 (a), the tapered roller 3 to be processed which has entered the polishing area H is linearly fed along the base line 21116 of the linear groove of the first polishing pad by the continuous pushing action of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second polishing pad, penetrates through the linear groove 2111, and leaves the polishing area H from the intersection K of the outlet 22119 of each spiral groove 2211 of the second polishing pad with the outlet 21119 of each linear groove, thereby completing one polishing process. The tapered rollers 3 to be processed leaving the polishing area H enter the polishing area H sequentially from the intersection J of the inlet 22118 of each spiral groove 2211 of the second polishing disk and the inlet 21118 of each linear groove by the roller feeding mechanism 45 again after the original sequence is disturbed via the roller collecting device 41, the roller conveying system 43 and the roller finishing mechanism 44. The whole grinding process is continuously and circularly repeated until the surface quality, the shape precision and the size consistency of the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed reach the technical requirements, and the finishing process is finished.
Corresponding to the second main frame type, as shown in fig. 8 (b), the spindle device 18 is mounted on the slide table 14, and drives the second grinding disc 22 to rotate around its axis by the upper tray 15 connected thereto; the lower tray 16 is mounted on the base 11, and the first grinding tray 21 and the lower tray 16 do not rotate.
During the grinding process, the second grinding wheel 22 rotates about its axis 223 relative to the second grinding wheel 21. The rotation direction of the second grinding disc 22 is determined according to the rotation direction of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc and the positions of the inlet 22118 and the outlet 22119 of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc, so as to ensure that the tapered roller 3 to be processed can enter the linear groove 2111 from the inlet 21118 of each linear groove and leave the linear groove 2111 from the outlet 21119 of each corresponding linear groove. The sliding table 14, under the constraint of the upright post 12 or other guiding components, approaches the first grinding disc 21 along the axis of the second grinding disc 22 along with the main shaft device 18, the upper tray 15 connected with the main shaft device 18 and the second grinding disc 22 connected with the upper tray 15, and applies working pressure to the tapered rollers 3 to be processed distributed in the linear grooves of the first grinding disc 21.
As shown in fig. 11 (a) and 11 (b), each linear groove 2111 of the first grinding disk is provided with a roller feeding mechanism 45, and the roller feeding mechanism 45 is respectively installed at the inlets 21118 of the linear grooves, so as to push a tapered roller 3 to be processed into the inlet 21118 of the linear groove when the inlet 22118 of any spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disk intersects with the inlet 21118 of the linear groove.
A roller feed channel 451 is disposed within the roller feed mechanism 45, and a locating surface 4511 of the roller feed channel 451 is a continuation of the linear channel work surface 21111 within the roller feed mechanism 45 at the inlet 21118 of either linear channel. During the entry of the tapered roller 3 to be machined into the inlet 21118 of the linear groove, the axis 31 of the tapered roller 3 to be machined is in the plane of symmetry 21112 of the linear groove 2111 and intersects the base line 21116 of the linear groove 2111 at an angle γ with respect to the midpoint Q of the map CD of the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be machined on its axis 31, with the positioning support of the positioning face 4511 of the roller feed channel.
During the polishing process, the inlets 22118 of the spiral grooves 2211 of the second polishing disk sequentially meet the inlets 21118 of the linear grooves during the rotation of the second polishing disk 22. At the entrance 21118 of any one of the straight grooves, when the entrance 21118 of the straight groove meets the entrance 22118 of any one of the spiral grooves 2111 of the second grinding disk, under the pushing action of the roller feeding mechanism 45, the tapered roller 3 to be machined, which is directed to the cross-sectional profile 22113 of the scanning surface 22112 of the spiral groove 2211 where the entrance 22118 meets the entrance 21118 of the straight groove at the entrance intersection J, enters the entrance 21118 of the straight groove along the base line 21116 of the straight groove 2111 in such a manner that the rolling surface 32 thereof slides on the working surface 21111 of the straight groove 2111. The tapered roller 3 to be processed, which enters the entrance 21118 of the linear groove 2111, enters the grinding processing region H by pushing the working surface 22111 at the entrance 22118 of the second grinding disk spiral groove 2211, which is rotated later.
On the one hand, the processed tapered roller 3 continuously rotates around the own axis 31 under the drive of the sliding friction driving moment of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc; on the other hand, as shown in fig. 9 (b), the tapered roller 3 to be processed which has entered the polishing area H is linearly fed along the base line 21116 of the linear groove of the first polishing pad by the continuous pushing action of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second polishing pad, penetrates through the linear groove 2111, and leaves the polishing area H from the intersection K of the outlet 22119 of each spiral groove 2211 of the second polishing pad with the outlet 21119 of each linear groove, thereby completing one polishing process. The tapered rollers 3 to be processed leaving the polishing area H enter the polishing area H sequentially from the intersection J of the inlet 22118 of each spiral groove 2211 of the second polishing disk and the inlet 21118 of each linear groove by the roller feeding mechanism 45 again after the original sequence is disturbed via the roller collecting device 41, the roller conveying system 43 and the roller finishing mechanism 44. The whole grinding process is continuously and circularly repeated until the surface quality, the shape precision and the size consistency of the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed reach the technical requirements, and the finishing process is finished.
Corresponding to the third main frame type, two sets of spindle devices 18 are arranged, wherein one set of spindle device 18 is arranged on the base 11, the lower tray 16 connected with the spindle device drives the first grinding disc 21 to rotate around the axis of the spindle device, the other set of spindle device 18 is arranged on the sliding table 14, and the upper tray 15 connected with the spindle device drives the second grinding disc 22 to rotate around the axis of the spindle device; both sets of spindle units 18 are provided with a locking mechanism allowing only one of the first and second grinding discs 21, 22 to swivel at the same time, while the other grinding disc is in a circumferential locking state.
When the grinding disc set 2 of the grinding device performs grinding processing in a way of one revolution, the relative motion of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 is the same as that of the main frame; the structure, mounting position and function of the roller feed mechanism 45 are the same as those of the primary frame one; the circulation path and the grinding process of the tapered roller 3 to be processed are the same as those of the main frame.
When the grinding disc set 2 of the grinding device rotates for grinding processing in a second mode, the relative motion of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 is the same as that of the second main machine mode; the structure, mounting position and function of the roller feed mechanism 45 are the same as those of the second main frame configuration; the circulation path and the grinding process of the tapered roller 3 to be processed are the same as those of the second main frame.
During polishing, the tapered roller 3 to be polished enters the polishing region H from the inlet 21118 of the linear groove, leaves the polishing region H from the outlet 21119 of the linear groove, and enters the inlet 21118 of the linear groove sequentially through the roller collecting device 41, the roller conveying system 43, the roller finishing mechanism 44 and the roller feeding mechanism 45 from the outlet 21119 of the linear groove, thereby forming a cycle of linear feeding of the tapered roller 3 to be polished between the first polishing disk 21 and the second polishing disk 22 along the linear groove base line 21116 and collecting, conveying, finishing and feeding through the roller circulation off-disk system. The path of the circulation outside the grinding disc package 2 is from the outlet 21119 of the linear groove, sequentially through the roller collecting device 41, the roller conveying system 43, the roller collating mechanism 44 and the roller feeding mechanism 45, and into the inlet 21118 of the linear groove, and the path is defined as a roller circulation disc outer path.
In the implementation of the invention, a free abrasive grain grinding mode or a fixed abrasive grain grinding mode can be adopted.
The working surface 21111 of the first abrasive disk linear grooves is made of a bonded abrasive grain material when the bonded abrasive grain is used for grinding.
When the free abrasive grain grinding mode is adopted, the material of the working surface 21111 of the linear groove of the first grinding disc and the material of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc can be respectively selected, so that the sliding friction driving moment generated by the friction pair formed by the material of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc and the material of the tapered roller 3 to be processed rotating around the self axis 31 is larger than the sliding friction resistance moment generated by the friction pair formed by the material of the working surface 21111 of the linear groove of the first grinding disc and the material of the tapered roller 3 to be processed rotating around the self axis 31 under the grinding working condition, thereby driving the tapered roller 3 to be processed to continuously rotate around the self axis 31.
When polytetrafluoroethylene is selected as the material of the working surface 21111 of the first grinding disc linear groove and polymethyl methacrylate is selected as the material of the working surface 22111 of the second grinding disc spiral groove, the tapered roller 3 to be processed, which is made of GCr15, G20CrNi2MoA, cr4Mo4V, and the like, can continuously rotate around the axis 31 thereof.
When the tapered roller 3 to be processed made of ferromagnetic material (such as GCr15, G20CrNi2MoA, cr4Mo4V, etc.) is polished by the fixed abrasive grain polishing method, a magnetic structure may be provided inside the second polishing disc 22 to form a magnetic field near the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second polishing disc. By adjusting the magnetic field strength of the magnetic structure, the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc generates a strong enough magnetic attraction force on the processed tapered roller 3 made of ferromagnetic material, so that a sliding friction driving moment generated by the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc rotating the processed tapered roller 3 made of ferromagnetic material around the self axis 31 is larger than a sliding friction resistance moment generated by the working surface 21111 of the linear groove of the first grinding disc rotating the processed tapered roller 3 made of ferromagnetic material around the self axis 31, and the processed tapered roller 3 made of ferromagnetic material is driven to continuously rotate around the self axis 31.
When the free abrasive grain grinding method is adopted to grind the tapered roller 3 to be processed made of ferromagnetic material, the second grinding disc 22 may have a built-in magnetic structure so as to increase the sliding friction driving moment generated by the rotation of the tapered roller 3 to be processed made of ferromagnetic material around the self axis 31 by the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc. At this time, the continuously rotating tapered roller 3 made of ferromagnetic material around its own axis 31 is not restricted by the matching of the material of the working surface 21111 of the straight groove of the first polishing disc and the material of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second polishing disc.
It will be appreciated that the features described above and below may be used not only in combination as described in the examples, but also in other combinations or alone without exceeding the scope of the invention.
When the grinding equipment is adopted to grind the tapered roller rolling surface, the grinding method comprises the following steps:
in the first step, the second polishing disc 22 approaches to the first polishing disc 21 along the axis thereof, and the transition surface 2112 connecting two adjacent straight grooves on the front surface 211 of the first polishing disc and the transition surface 2212 connecting adjacent spiral grooves on the front surface 221 of the second polishing disc are as close as possible, but the tapered roller 3 to be processed in the polishing area H is not in line contact with the two symmetrical side surfaces 211111/211112 of the working surface 21111 of the straight groove of the first polishing disc, the first 221111 and the second 221112 working surfaces of the spiral groove of the second polishing disc at the same time, i.e. the space of each polishing area H surrounded by the working surface 21111 of the straight groove of the first polishing disc and the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second polishing disc can only accommodate one tapered roller 3 to be processed.
Step two, corresponding to the first rotation mode of the grinding disc suite, driving the first grinding disc 21 to rotate at a low speed relative to the second grinding disc 22 around the axis 213 of the first grinding disc 21; the second polishing disc 22 rotates at a low speed about its axis 223 relative to the first polishing disc 21, corresponding to the second mode of rotation of the polishing disc kit. The rotation speed is 1-10 rpm according to the outer diameter of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22, the rotation direction of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 is determined according to the rotation direction of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc and the positions of the inlet 22118 and the outlet 22119 of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc, so as to ensure that the processed tapered roller 3 can enter the linear groove 2111 from the inlet 21118 of each linear groove and leave the linear groove 2111 from the corresponding outlet 21119 of each linear groove.
Step three, starting a roller conveying system 43, a roller finishing mechanism 44 and a roller feeding mechanism 45; the feeding speed of the roller feeding mechanism 45 is adjusted to be matched with the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22, so that when the inlet 22118 of the spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc is intersected with the inlet 21118 of the linear groove, under the action of the roller feeding mechanism 45, a processed conical roller 3 enters each intersection J of the inlet 22118 of the spiral groove 2211 and the inlet 21118 of the linear groove; the conveying speed of the roller conveying system 43 and the finishing speed of the roller finishing mechanism 44 are adjusted to be matched with the conveying speed of the roller feeding mechanism 45, so that the processed tapered rollers 3 timely enter the intersection J of each inlet under the action of the roller feeding mechanism 45 through the roller conveying system 43 and the roller finishing mechanism 44; the tapered roller 3 to be processed entering the entrance intersection J then enters the grinding processing area H by the pushing action of the working surface 22111 at the entrance 22118 of the second grinding disc spiral groove 2211 due to the relative rotation of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22; the tapered roller 3 to be processed entering the grinding processing area H makes linear feeding movement along the base line 21116 of the linear groove of the first grinding disc under the continuous pushing action of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, penetrates through the linear groove 2111 and leaves the grinding processing area H from the intersection K of the outlet 22119 of each spiral groove 2211 of the second grinding disc and the outlet 21119 of each linear groove; the tapered rollers 3 to be processed leaving the grinding processing area H sequentially enter an inlet intersection J under the action of a roller feeding mechanism 45 after the original sequence is disturbed through a roller collecting device 41, a roller conveying system 43 and a roller finishing mechanism 44; thereby establishing a linear feed of the processed tapered rollers 3 between the first grinding disk 21 and the second grinding disk 22 along the linear groove baseline 21116 and a cycle of collection, conveyance, finishing, feeding via the roller-circulating off-disk system.
Fourth, the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 is adjusted to the relative working rotation speed, the feeding speed of the roller feeding mechanism 45 is adjusted to the working feeding speed to match the relative working rotation speed of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 according to the relative working rotation speed of the outer diameter sizes of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22, and the conveying speed of the roller conveying system 43 and the finishing speed of the roller finishing mechanism 44 are adjusted, so that the stock of the tapered rollers 3 to be processed in the positions of the roller collecting device 41, the roller conveying system 43, the roller finishing mechanism 44 and the roller feeding mechanism 45 in the roller circulating disc outer system is matched, and circulation is smooth and orderly.
And fifthly, filling grinding liquid into the grinding processing area H.
Step six, the second grinding disc 22 approaches the first grinding disc 21 further along the axis thereof, so that the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed in the grinding processing area H is in line contact with the two symmetrical side surfaces 211111/211112 of the working surface 21111 of the linear groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface one 221111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc respectively, the ball base surface 342 (or the round angle 341 of the big end or the round angle 331 of the small end) of the tapered roller to be processed is in line contact with the working surface two 221112 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, and an initial working pressure is applied to each tapered roller 3 to be processed distributed in the grinding processing area H, and the initial working pressure is 0.5-2N according to the diameter size of the tapered roller 3 to be processed. The sliding friction driving moment generated by the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc for rotating the processed tapered roller 3 around the self axis 31 is larger than the sliding friction resistance moment generated by the working surface 21111 of the linear groove of the first grinding disc for rotating the processed tapered roller 3 around the self axis 31, and the processed tapered roller 3 continuously rotates around the self axis 31; at the same time, the tapered roller 3 to be processed makes a linear feed motion along the base line 21116 of the linear groove of the first grinding disk under the continuous pushing action of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disk. The rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller being processed starts to undergo the grinding process of the first grinding disk straight groove working face 21111 and the second grinding disk spiral groove working face 221111.
And step seven, along with stable operation of the grinding process, gradually increasing the working pressure of each processed tapered roller 3 distributed in the grinding processing area H to the normal working pressure, wherein the normal working pressure is 2-50N according to the diameter size of the processed tapered roller 3. The tapered roller 3 to be processed maintains the linear contact relationship with the working surface 21111 of the first grinding disc linear groove and the working surface 22111 of the second grinding disc spiral groove of step six, the continuous rotational movement about the own axis 31, and the linear feeding movement along the base line 21116 of the first grinding disc linear groove 2111, and the rolling surface 32 thereof continues to undergo the grinding process of the working surface 21111 of the first grinding disc linear groove and the working surface 221111 of the second grinding disc spiral groove.
Step eight, after a period of grinding processing, performing sampling inspection on the processed tapered roller 3; when the surface quality, shape accuracy and size consistency of the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed, which is subjected to the spot inspection, do not meet the technical requirements, continuing the grinding processing of the step; when the surface quality, shape accuracy and dimensional uniformity of the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller to be processed of the spot inspection meet the technical requirements, step nine is entered.
Step nine, gradually reducing the working pressure and finally reaching zero; stopping the operation of the roller feeding mechanism 45, the roller conveying system 43 and the roller finishing mechanism 44, and adjusting the relative rotation speeds of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 to zero; stopping filling the grinding processing area H with the grinding liquid; the second abrasive disk 22 is driven back along its axis 223 to the rest position. The tapered rollers 3 to be processed are collected everywhere in the cycle, and the polishing process ends.
It will be appreciated that the steps and sequences described above may be combined not only as described in the examples, but also in other combinations without departing from the scope of the invention.
In the polishing apparatus for tapered roller rolling surface finishing of the present invention, a magnetic structure may also be provided inside the second polishing pad 22 of the polishing pad kit 2 in both cases as described below.
In the first case, when the machined tapered roller 3 made of ferromagnetic material is ground by adopting the fixed abrasive grain grinding method, a magnetic structure is arranged in the second grinding disc 22, and by adjusting the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic structure, the sliding friction driving moment generated by the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc for the machined tapered roller 3 made of ferromagnetic material rotating around the self axis 31 is larger than the sliding friction resistance moment generated by the working surface 21111 of the straight groove of the first grinding disc for the machined tapered roller 3 made of ferromagnetic material rotating around the self axis 31, so that the machined tapered roller 3 made of ferromagnetic material is driven to continuously rotate around the self axis 31.
In the second case, when the free abrasive grain grinding mode is adopted to grind the machined tapered roller 3 made of ferromagnetic material, the second grinding disc 22 is provided with a built-in magnetic structure, so that a sliding friction driving moment generated by the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc for the machined tapered roller 3 made of ferromagnetic material rotating around the self axis 31 is increased, and the machined tapered roller 3 made of ferromagnetic material continuously rotates around the self axis 31 without being restricted by matching of the material of the working surface 21111 of the linear groove of the first grinding disc and the material of the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc.
In the case of grinding the rolling surface of the tapered roller with the magnetic structure provided inside the second grinding pan 22 of the grinding pan set 2 in the grinding apparatus of the present invention, the roller circulation outside system in the grinding apparatus used further includes a roller demagnetizing device provided in the roller conveying system 43 in the roller-pan outside circulation path or before the roller conveying system 43 for demagnetizing the machined tapered roller of ferromagnetic material magnetized by the magnetic field of the magnetic structure built in the second grinding pan so as to avoid agglomeration of the machined tapered roller of ferromagnetic material when passing through the roller conveying system 43 or the roller finishing mechanism 44, unlike the grinding method described above, only:
In the third step, the roller demagnetizing device is started at the same time.
Step six, before the initial working pressure is applied to the tapered roller 3 to be processed distributed in the grinding processing area H, the magnetic structure enters into a working state; while applying an initial working pressure of 0.5-2N to each tapered roller 3 to be processed distributed in the grinding processing area H, the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic structure is adjusted so that the sliding friction driving moment generated by the working surface 22111 of the spiral groove of the second grinding disk for the tapered roller 3 to be processed rotating around the self axis 31 is larger than the sliding friction resisting moment generated by the working surface 21111 of the linear groove of the first grinding disk for the tapered roller 3 to be processed rotating around the self axis 31, thereby driving the tapered roller 3 to be processed to continuously rotate around the self axis 31.
In step nine, after the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc 21 and the second grinding disc 22 is adjusted to zero, the magnetic structure is switched to a non-working state, and the roller demagnetizing device is stopped.
The working surfaces 21111 of the first grinding disk straight grooves and the working surfaces 22111 of the second grinding disk spiral grooves, which are processed by the parameter design for the specific tapered roller 3 to be processed, inevitably have manufacturing errors, and the first grinding disk 21 and the second grinding disk 22 also have installation errors when installed on a grinding apparatus. These manufacturing errors and mounting errors may cause a difference in contact state of the tapered roller 3 to be processed with the working surface 21111 of the first grinding disk linear groove and the working surface 22111 of the second grinding disk spiral groove at the time of grinding processing from ideal.
To reduce this difference, it is recommended to run-in the working surface 21111 of the first grinding disk linear groove and the working surface 22111 of the second grinding disk spiral groove with the tapered rollers 3 to be machined of the same geometric parameters before the first grinding disk 21 and the second grinding disk 22 are used for the first time. The running-in method is the same as the grinding method of the tapered roller 3 to be processed; performing spot check on the processed tapered roller 3 which participates in running-in, and entering a running-in process into a step nine when the surface quality, shape precision and size consistency of the rolling surface 32 of the processed tapered roller of the spot check meet the technical requirements; otherwise, continuing to step eight.

Claims (9)

1. A grinding disc kit for finishing tapered roller rolling surfaces, characterized by comprising a pair of coaxial first (21) and second (22) grinding discs, the front face (211) of the first grinding disc (21) being arranged opposite the front face (221) of the second grinding disc (22);
the front surface (211) of the first grinding disc (21) comprises a group of radial linear grooves (2111) and a transition surface (2112) connecting two adjacent linear grooves (2111);
the working surface (21111) of the linear groove which is contacted with the rolling surface (32) of the tapered roller (3) to be processed during grinding is arranged on a linear groove scanning surface (21113) which is symmetrical on two sides, and the linear groove scanning surface (21113) is a constant cross section scanning surface; the scanning path of the linear groove scanning surface (21113) is a straight line, and a generatrix of the linear groove scanning surface (21113) is in a linear groove normal section (21114); in the straight-line groove normal section (21114), the section outline (211131) of the straight-line groove scanning surface is two symmetrical straight-line sections, and an included angle between the two straight-line sections is 2 theta;
The plane of symmetry (21112) of the working surface (21111) of the linear groove is a plane containing the line of symmetry (211132) of the cross-sectional profile (211131) of the linear groove scanning surface and the scanning path of the linear groove scanning surface (21113); an axis (31) of a tapered roller to be processed is in a symmetrical plane (21112) of a working surface (21111) of the linear groove during grinding, and the rolling surface (32) of the tapered roller to be processed is in line contact with two symmetrical side surfaces of the working surface (21111) of the linear groove respectively; -a scanning path of the linear groove scanning surface (21113) passing through a midpoint (Q) of a mapping (CD) of the rolling surface (32) of the tapered roller being processed on its axis (31), the scanning path being a baseline (21116) of the linear groove;
the half cone angle of the processed tapered roller (3) isThe included angle between the axis (31) of the processed tapered roller (3) and the base line (21116) of the linear groove is gamma,and:
the base lines (21116) of all the linear grooves are distributed on a right circular conical surface, wherein the right circular conical surface is a base surface (214) of the first grinding disc, the axis of the base surface (214) of the first grinding disc is an axis (213) of the first grinding disc, and the cone apex angle of the base surface (214) of the first grinding disc is 2 alpha;
-the base line (21116) of the linear groove is within the axial section (215) of the first grinding disc, the symmetry plane (21112) of the working face (21111) of the linear groove coinciding with the axial section (215) of the first grinding disc containing the base line (21116) of the linear groove;
the front surface (221) of the second grinding disc comprises one or more spiral grooves (2211) and a transition surface (2212) connecting adjacent spiral grooves;
the working surface (22111) of the spiral groove comprises a first working surface (221111) which is contacted with the rolling surface (32) of the tapered roller to be processed during grinding processing and a second working surface (221112) which is contacted with the ball basal plane (342) of the big head end of the tapered roller to be processed or the round corner (341) of the big head end or the round corner (331) of the small head end, the first working surface (221111) and the second working surface (221112) are respectively arranged on the first scanning surface (221121) and the second scanning surface (221122), and the first scanning surface (221121) and the second scanning surface (221122) are all uniform-section scanning surfaces; under the constraint of a working surface (21111) of a linear groove, a rolling surface (32) of a tapered roller to be processed is tangent to the first working surface (221111), and a big-end ball base surface (342) or a big-end rounding (341) or a small-end rounding (331) of the tapered roller to be processed is tangent to the second working surface (221112); the scanning paths (22116) of the first scanning surface (221121) and the second scanning surface (221122) are equal-angle spiral lines of a right circular cone, which are distributed on a right circular cone and pass through the midpoint (Q) of the mapping (CD) of the rolling surface (32) of the tapered roller to be processed on the axis (31) of the tapered roller; the right conical surface is a base surface (224) of the second grinding disc, and the axis of the base surface (224) of the second grinding disc is an axis (223) of the second grinding disc; the generatrix of the first scanning surface (221121) and the second scanning surface (221122) are both in the axial section (225) of the second grinding disc;
The cone apex angle of the basal plane (224) of the second grinding disc is 2 beta, and:
2α+2β＝360°；
when 2α=2β=180°, the axis (213) of the first grinding disc is perpendicular to the base surface (214) of the first grinding disc, the axis (223) of the second grinding disc is perpendicular to the base surface (224) of the second grinding disc, and there is a case where the base line (21116) of the linear groove is not within the axial section (215) of the first grinding disc in addition to the base line (21116) of the linear groove is within the axial section (215) of the first grinding disc; -when the baseline (21116) of the linear groove is not within the axial section (215) of the first grinding disc, the plane of symmetry (21112) of the linear groove working surface (21111) is parallel to the axis (213) of the first grinding disc;
when the rolling surface (32) of the tapered roller to be processed is designed with convexity, the cross-sectional profile (211131) of the straight line groove scanning surface corresponding to the convexity is correspondingly shaped according to the convexity curve of the rolling surface (32).
2. Grinding disc kit for finishing tapered roller rolling surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlets (21118) of the linear grooves of the first grinding disc are located at the outer edge of the first grinding disc (21), and the outlets (21119) of the linear grooves of the first grinding disc are located at the inner edge of the first grinding disc (21); or the inlets (21118) of the linear grooves of the first grinding disc are all positioned at the inner edge of the first grinding disc (21), and the outlets (21119) of the linear grooves of the first grinding disc are all positioned at the outer edge of the first grinding disc (21).
3. A grinding disc kit for finishing a tapered roller rolling surface according to claim 1, wherein when a free abrasive grain grinding mode is adopted, by selecting the material of the working face (21111) of the straight groove and the material of the working face (22111) of the spiral groove, the sliding friction driving moment generated by the friction pair composed of the material of the working face (22111) of the spiral groove and the material of the tapered roller (3) to be processed rotating around the self axis (31) is larger than the sliding friction resisting moment generated by the friction pair composed of the material of the working face (21111) of the straight groove and the material of the tapered roller (3) to be processed rotating around the self axis (31) under the grinding working condition, so that the tapered roller (3) to be processed is driven to continuously rotate around the self axis (31).
4. Grinding apparatus for finishing tapered roller rolling surfaces, characterized by comprising a main machine, a grinding disc kit (2) for finishing tapered roller rolling surfaces as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 and an external roller circulation disc system;
the host comprises a base (11), an upright post (12), a cross beam (13), a sliding table (14), an upper tray (15), a lower tray (16), an axial loading device (17) and a main shaft device (18);
The base (11), the upright posts (12) and the cross beams (13) form a frame of the host;
a first grinding disc (21) of the grinding disc kit (2) is connected with the lower tray (16), and a second grinding disc (22) of the grinding disc kit (2) is connected with the upper tray (15);
the sliding table (14) is connected with the cross beam (13) through the axial loading device (17), and the upright post (12) can also serve as a guide component to provide a guide function for the sliding table (14) to do linear motion along the axis (213) of the second grinding disc; the sliding table (14) is driven by the axial loading device (17) to linearly move along the axis (213) of the second grinding disc under the constraint of the upright post (12) or other guide components;
the spindle device (18) is used for driving the first grinding disc (21) or the second grinding disc (22) to rotate around the axis;
the roller circulation off-disc system comprises a roller collecting device (41), a roller conveying system (43), a roller finishing mechanism (44) and a roller feeding mechanism (45);
the roller collecting device (41) is arranged at the outlet (21119) of each linear groove of the first grinding disc and is used for collecting the processed tapered rollers (3) leaving the grinding processing area from the outlet (21119) of each linear groove;
The roller conveying system (43) is used for conveying the processed tapered roller (3) from the roller collecting device (41) to the roller feeding mechanism (45);
the roller arrangement mechanism (44) is arranged at the front end of the roller feeding mechanism (45) and is used for adjusting the axis (31) of the processed tapered roller to the direction required by the roller feeding mechanism (45) and adjusting the direction of the small head end (33) of the processed tapered roller (3) to be the direction which is matched with the cross-section contour of the scanning surface where the working surface (22111) of the second grinding disc spiral groove (2211) enters;
during grinding, the rotation of the grinding disc sleeve (2) is in two modes; in the first mode, the first grinding disc (21) rotates around the axis, and the second grinding disc (22) does not rotate; in the second mode, the first grinding disc (21) does not rotate, and the second grinding disc (22) rotates around the axis of the second grinding disc;
the host has three configurations: -a mainframe-shaped one for the grinding disc kit (2) to revolve in a manner; the second main machine type is used for the second rotation of the grinding disc suite (2) in a mode II; the third main machine type is applicable to both the first rotation of the grinding disc kit (2) and the second rotation of the grinding disc kit (2);
Corresponding to host configuration one:
the main shaft device (18) is arranged on the base (11), and drives the first grinding disc (21) to rotate around the axis thereof through the lower tray (16) connected with the main shaft device; the upper tray (15) is connected with the sliding table (14);
during grinding, the first grinding disc (21) rotates around the axis; the sliding table (14) approaches the first grinding disc (21) along the axis (213) of the second grinding disc under the constraint of the upright (12) or other guide parts, along with an upper tray (15) connected with the sliding table and a second grinding disc (22) connected with the upper tray, and applies working pressure to the processed tapered rollers (3) distributed in each linear groove of the first grinding disc (21);
the roller feeding mechanism (45) is respectively arranged at the inlets (22118) of the spiral grooves (2211) of the second grinding disc and is used for pushing a processed conical roller (3) into the inlet (21118) of the linear groove of the first grinding disc when the inlet (21118) of any linear groove of the first grinding disc is intersected with the inlet (22118) of the spiral groove (2211) of the second grinding disc;
corresponding to host configuration two:
the main shaft device (18) is arranged on the sliding table (14), and drives the second grinding disc (22) to rotate around the axis of the second grinding disc through the upper tray (15) connected with the main shaft device; the lower tray (16) is mounted on the base (11);
During grinding, the second grinding disc (22) rotates around the axis; the sliding table (14) is restrained by the upright post (12) or other guide parts, and is close to the first grinding disc (21) along the axis (213) of the second grinding disc along with a main shaft device (18) on the sliding table, an upper tray (15) connected with the main shaft device (18) and a second grinding disc (22) connected with the upper tray (15), and working pressure is applied to the processed tapered rollers (3) distributed in each linear groove of the first grinding disc (21);
the roller feeding mechanism (45) is respectively arranged at the inlets (21118) of the linear grooves of the first grinding disc and is used for pushing a processed conical roller (3) into the inlet (21118) of the linear groove of the first grinding disc when the inlet (22118) of any spiral groove (2211) of the second grinding disc is intersected with the inlet (21118) of the linear groove of the first grinding disc;
corresponding to host configuration three:
two sets of spindle devices (18) are arranged, wherein one set of spindle devices (18) is arranged on the base (11), the lower tray (16) connected with the spindle devices drives the first grinding disc (21) to rotate around the axis of the spindle devices, the other set of spindle devices (18) is arranged on the sliding table (14), and the upper tray (15) connected with the spindle devices drives the second grinding disc (22) to rotate around the axis of the spindle devices; the two sets of spindle devices (18) are provided with locking mechanisms, and only one of the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22) is allowed to rotate at the same time, and the other grinding disc is in a circumferential locking state;
When the grinding disc set (2) of the grinding device carries out grinding processing in a way of one revolution, the relative motion of the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22) is the same as that of the main machine; the installation position and the function of the roller feeding mechanism (45) are the same as those of the main frame;
when the grinding disc set (2) of the grinding device rotates for grinding processing in a second mode, the relative motion of the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22) is the same as that of the second main machine mode; the installation position and the function of the roller feeding mechanism (45) are the same as those of the second main machine form.
5. Grinding apparatus for the finishing of tapered roller rolling surfaces according to claim 4, characterized in that the base surface (214) of the first grinding disc coincides with the base surface (224) of the second grinding disc during the grinding process; a gap exists between a transition surface (2112) of the first grinding disc front surface (211) connected with two adjacent linear grooves (2111) and a transition surface (2212) of the second grinding disc front surface (221) connected with two adjacent spiral grooves (2211).
6. A grinding method for finishing a tapered roller rolling surface, characterized by using the grinding apparatus for finishing a tapered roller rolling surface according to claim 4 or 5, and comprising the steps of:
The first step, the second grinding disc (22) approaches to the first grinding disc (21) along the axis of the second grinding disc, and the space of each grinding processing area formed by the surrounding of the working surface (21111) of the linear groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface (22111) of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc can only accommodate one processed tapered roller (3);
step two, corresponding to a first rotation mode of the grinding disc suite, the first grinding disc (21) rotates around the axis (213) of the first grinding disc at a low speed of 1-10 rpm relative to the second grinding disc (22); corresponding to a second rotation mode of the grinding disc suite, the second grinding disc (22) rotates around the axis (223) of the second grinding disc at a low speed of 1-10 rpm relative to the first grinding disc (21);
step three, starting a roller conveying system (43), a roller finishing mechanism (44) and a roller feeding mechanism (45); adjusting the feed speed of the roller feed mechanism (45) to match the relative rotational speeds of the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22); adjusting the conveying speed of the roller conveying system (43) and the finishing speed of the roller finishing mechanism (44) to be matched with the feeding speed of the roller feeding mechanism (45); thereby establishing the linear feeding of the processed tapered roller (3) between the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22) along the base line (21116) of the linear groove and the cycle of collection, conveying, arrangement and feeding through the roller cycle off-disc system;
Step four, adjusting the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22) to 15-60 rpm relative working rotation speed, adjusting the feeding speed of the roller feeding mechanism (45) to the working feeding speed to be matched with the relative working rotation speed of the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22), and adjusting the conveying speed of the roller conveying system (43) and the finishing speed of the roller finishing mechanism (44) so that the stock of the processed tapered rollers (3) in the positions of the roller collecting device (41), the roller conveying system (43), the roller finishing mechanism (44) and the roller feeding mechanism (45) in the roller circulating disc external system is matched, and the circulation is smooth and orderly;
fifthly, filling grinding liquid into the grinding processing area;
step six, the second grinding disc (22) further approaches to the first grinding disc (21) along the axis of the second grinding disc, so that the rolling surface (32) of the processed tapered roller in the grinding processing area is respectively in line contact with the two symmetrical side surfaces of the working surface (21111) of the linear groove of the first grinding disc and the working surface I (221111) of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, the big head end ball basal surface (342) or the big head end rounding (341) or the small head end rounding (331) of the processed tapered roller is in line contact with the working surface II (221112) of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, and an initial working pressure of 0.5-2N is applied to each processed tapered roller (3) distributed in the grinding processing area; the processed tapered roller (3) is driven by friction of the working surface (22111) of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc to continuously rotate around the self axis (31); simultaneously, the processed tapered roller (3) performs linear feeding motion along a base line (21116) of the linear groove under the continuous pushing action of the spiral groove working surface (22111); the tapered roller rolling surface (32) to be processed starts to be subjected to grinding processing of the working face (21111) of the first grinding disc linear groove and the working face (221111) of the second grinding disc spiral groove;
Step seven, along with stable operation of the grinding processing process, gradually increasing the working pressure of each processed tapered roller (3) distributed in the grinding processing area to the normal working pressure of 2-50N; the tapered roller (3) to be processed maintains the linear contact relation between the working surface (21111) of the first grinding disc linear groove and the working surface (22111) of the second grinding disc spiral groove in the sixth step, the continuous rotation motion around the self axis (31) and the linear feeding motion along the base line (21116) of the linear groove, and the rolling surface (32) of the tapered roller is continuously subjected to the grinding processing of the working surface (21111) of the first grinding disc linear groove and the working surface (221111) of the second grinding disc spiral groove;
step eight, after a period of grinding processing, performing spot check on the processed tapered roller (3); when the surface quality, shape precision and size consistency of the processed tapered roller rolling surface (32) of the spot check do not meet the technical requirements, continuing the grinding processing of the step; when the surface quality, the shape precision and the size consistency of the processed tapered roller rolling surface (32) of the spot check meet the technical requirements, entering a step nine;
step nine, gradually reducing the working pressure and finally reaching zero; stopping the operation of the roller feeding mechanism (45), the roller conveying system (43) and the roller finishing mechanism (44), and adjusting the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22) to zero; stopping filling the grinding processing area with the grinding liquid; the second abrasive disk (22) is axially retracted back to the rest position.
7. Grinding method for finishing tapered roller rolling surfaces according to claim 6, characterized in that the second grinding disc (22) of the grinding disc package (2) in the grinding apparatus used is internally provided with a magnetic structure, the roller circulation outside system in the grinding apparatus used further comprising a roller demagnetizing device, in contrast to the grinding method according to claim 6, only:
step three, starting a roller demagnetizing device at the same time;
step six, before the initial working pressure is applied to the processed tapered roller (3) distributed in the grinding processing area, the magnetic structure enters into a working state; while applying an initial working pressure of 0.5-2N to each processed tapered roller (3) distributed in the grinding processing area, adjusting the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic structure so that the sliding friction driving moment generated by the working surface (22111) of the spiral groove of the second grinding disk on the processed tapered roller (3) rotating around the self axis (31) is larger than the sliding friction resistance moment generated by the working surface (21111) of the linear groove of the first grinding disk on the processed tapered roller (3) rotating around the self axis (31), thereby driving the processed tapered roller to continuously rotate around the self axis;
in step nine, after the relative rotation speed of the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22) is adjusted to zero, the magnetic structure is switched to a non-working state, and the roller demagnetizing device is stopped.
8. Grinding method for the finishing of tapered roller rolling surfaces according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the working surfaces (21111) of the first grinding disc linear grooves and the working surfaces (22111) of the second grinding disc spiral grooves are run-in with the tapered rollers (3) to be machined of the same geometrical parameters before the first grinding disc (21) and the second grinding disc (22) are used for the first time; the running-in method is the same as the grinding method of the processed tapered roller (3); performing spot check on the machined tapered roller (3) which participates in running-in, and entering a running-in process into a step nine when the surface quality, shape precision and size consistency of the machined tapered roller rolling surface (32) of the spot check meet the technical requirements; otherwise, continuing to step eight.
9. Grinding method for finishing tapered roller rolling surfaces according to claim 7, characterized in that the second grinding disc (22) of the grinding disc package (2) in the grinding apparatus used is provided with a magnetic structure inside, either:
firstly, when a processed tapered roller (3) made of ferromagnetic materials is ground by adopting a fixed abrasive grain grinding mode, a magnetic structure is arranged in a second grinding disc (22), and the working surface (22111) of a spiral groove of the second grinding disc continuously rotates around an own axis (31) by adjusting the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic structure so that the sliding friction driving moment generated by the rotation of the processed tapered roller (3) made of ferromagnetic materials around the own axis (31) is larger than the sliding friction resistance moment generated by the rotation of the working surface (21111) of a linear groove of the first grinding disc around the own axis (31) to the processed tapered roller (3) made of ferromagnetic materials;
And in the second case, when the free abrasive grain grinding mode is adopted to grind the processed tapered roller (3) made of ferromagnetic materials, the second grinding disc (22) is internally provided with a magnetic structure so as to increase the sliding friction driving moment generated by the rotation of the processed tapered roller (3) made of ferromagnetic materials around the self axis (31) of the working surface (22111) of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc, so that the continuous rotation of the processed tapered roller (3) made of ferromagnetic materials around the self axis (31) is not restricted by the matching of the material of the working surface (21111) of the linear groove of the first grinding disc and the material of the working surface (22111) of the spiral groove of the second grinding disc.
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CN201810850331.2A CN108723979B (en) 2018-07-28 2018-07-28 Grinding disc kit, equipment and method for finishing tapered roller rolling surface
PCT/CN2019/097909 WO2020024878A1 (en) 2018-07-28 2019-07-26 Grinding disk kit, apparatus and method for finishing rolling surfaces of bearing roller
JP2021504163A JP7311171B2 (en) 2018-07-28 2019-07-26 Grinding disc set, equipment and method for finishing rolling surfaces of bearing rollers
US17/160,351 US20210146494A1 (en) 2018-07-28 2021-01-27 Grinding disk kit, grinding equipment and grinding method for finishing rolling surfaces of bearing rollers

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