CN108719181A - Using the kind pig feeding method of accurate nutrient formulation feed - Google Patents
Using the kind pig feeding method of accurate nutrient formulation feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN108719181A CN108719181A CN201810307289.XA CN201810307289A CN108719181A CN 108719181 A CN108719181 A CN 108719181A CN 201810307289 A CN201810307289 A CN 201810307289A CN 108719181 A CN108719181 A CN 108719181A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
Using the kind pig feeding method of accurate nutrient formulation feed, the boar raised will be needed to classify by strain, multigroup test group is extracted to be tested, determine the maximum growth curve and feed intake of the strain boar, according to the nutritional requirement of selected strain boar, energy requirement amount, the adjustment standard ration formulation such as amino acid requirement amount obtains accurate nutrient formulation feed, boar feeds accurate nutrient formulation feed according to different phase and is raised, realizing reduces feed cost, and enhance boar reproduction ability, reduce calcium monohydrogen phosphate dosage and discharge of poisonous waste simultaneously, be conducive to the effect of environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to modern agriculture aquaculture field, specially a kind of kind swine rearing using accurate nutrient formulation feed
Method.
Background technology
Boar is the core on pig farm, is the foundation stone that can pig farm get a profit, by taking sow as an example, one mother of the states such as Holland, Denmark
One the mean P SY of pig is in 27-32 heads, and China's PSY quantity, than external low 30%-50%, causes such gap in 16-24 heads
There is following factor：
(1) gap of poultry feeders：The pig farm operator that foreign countries are engaged in pig breeding industry is that professional person is raising pigs, and China is many
Pig farm operator all slowly to develop on a small scale, several years ago there are many more at all to pig a little recognize all do not have somebody also into
Enter this industry.Now, professional gradually is engaged in pig raising, the pig raising for also improving China to a certain extent is horizontal.
Piggery enviroment：China is since decentralized household is more, financial strength shortcoming, the input of equipment, environment etc. on pig farm
Less, cooling in summer is insufficient, Winter protection is inadequate, so causing female piglet many problems occurs, reduces PSY levels.
Kind factor：It is well known that it is pig that the PSY levels that pellet is pig, which are higher than U.S.A, and U.S.A is lean meat percentage of pig etc.
Show it is excellent, so it is also the factor that a pig farm must take into consideration to select which kind of pig.
The difference of trophic level：The all one's life of sow, each stage was to nutrition from standby, pregnancy, gestation, again heat cycle
Requirement it is all different, the intake of which Stage Nutrition is inadequate, can influence the reproductive performance of sow.
It can be seen that in the production performance of boar, breeding is the important function of boar race procreation, and nutrition is to influence
An important factor for reproductive capabilities such as kind porcine somatic cell, sexual organ, endocrine dysfunction and development of fetus.Trophic factor is to the first of boar
Age feelings phase, sexual development speed and sexual desire etc. have large effect.Boar takes in subalimentation, puberty can be made to postpone, and reduces
The secretion of sex hormone, causes sexual performance to weaken, and influences the formation of sperm and the maturation of ovum；When nutrition wretched insufficiency, sow meeting
Anovulation, boar can then lose sexual desire.Pregnant sow subalimentation, not only influences development of fetus, even results in embryo's early stage
Death, the absorption of embryo, miscarriage or small and weak piglet of giving a birth out.
Invention content
Scientific experiment method is used the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of, each product are made to each strain boar sampling experiment
It is the ration ingredient proportioning and use flow vector that boar different phase needs, realizes that accurate nutrition is raised, it is ensured that boar is in each stage
Take in enough nutrition, and the method that can substantially save feeding cost.
In order to achieve the above objectives, technical scheme is as follows：
（1）Distinguish centralization feeding management according to the boar of different lines, and random 2~4 groups of test pigs, every group 100~160
Head；
（2）Test pig average weight starts to test when reaching 20kg, using B ultrasound equipment and weighing-appliance measure test pig weight,
Back fat and eye muscle area simultaneously record；
（3）Standard recipe daily ration is fed to test pig, using the feeding manner of free choice feeding, test pig was carried out in every 21 days primary
The measurement and record of weight, back fat and eye muscle area；
（4）Test pig weight stops experiment when exceeding 125kg, and last time to the measurement of weight, back fat and eye muscle area simultaneously
Record, obtains the maximum growth potentiality and feed intake of each test pig strain under Various Seasonal；
（5）It establishes growth and food consumption curve respectively according to the data of test data sheet, standard recipe daily ration is adjusted according to curve
In lysine to measure, amino acid requirement will be measured and be digested to energy, form the accurate nutrient formulation feed of each strain；
（6）The accurate nutrient formulation feed and each stage that each strain boar obtains according to each test pig strain are carried out precisely with flow vector
Nutrition is fed, and in such a way that limitation is fed, all boars are started with average 15~20kg, and it is a rank often to increase by 10~15kg
Section, until average weight reaches 125kg list marketings.
The standard recipe daily ration includes the composition of following weight part ratio：
Corn 40~80；Vinasse albumen 0~10；Fish meal 1~2；Dregs of beans 15~20；Lysine 0.1~0.5；Methionine 0
~0.1；Threonine 0.01~0.1；Thick protein 15~20；Calcium 0.5~0.7；Trace element 0.1~0.5.
The trace element includes Si, Zn, Mn, I, weight part ratio 1:2:1:0.5.
The foundation of formulation selection：
1. influence of the feed intake to breeder performance
Properly increasing Energy intake contributes to sow pig to reach puberty early, and can increase the ovulation of sow pig
Number.For the sow of free choice feeding compared with puberty early 11 d of limit food, free choice feeding can be such that sow pig number of eggs ovulated increases, but can also make
Sow pig heat unobvious, therefore can be reduced when close to the 1st heat of puberty and day feed amount.Allow blueness from 170 ages in days
Year sow be freely eaten can longer-term play the role of promoting the sexual maturity.The ultra-short term of sow pig is promoted the sexual maturity, and is best method of promoting the sexual maturity.But
The excessively high raise competence of First Trimester can cause rate of embryonic death to increase, wherein rate of embryonic death highest in 1~3 d after breeding.
The feed intake of second trimester of pregnancy should have increased slightly, and feed intake is doubled to fetus quantity, placental weight, fetal weight and feeding
Material utilization rate has no effect.Latter half of gestation increases feeding level has certain effect to promotion piglet birth weight and survival rate,
But excessively feeding can cause lactation period feed intake to decline, body weight loss increases, lactation is reduced, and decline so as to cause production capacity.
2. energy
Energy can influence the lactation amount of its fertility and nursing period, and energy can excessively make extra energy in addition to meeting nutritional need
Amount is transformed into fat and metabolism is caused to lose and obesity, and it is too low or insufficient can make to directly affect heat, ovulation and gestation, energy
It becomes thin at sow, influences its fertility.Experiments have shown that appropriate low energy, low nutrient protein level can meet brood sow
The physiology and production requirement of entire growth cycle；Excessively high energy and proteinaceous nutrient level cannot be that parent effectively absorbs profit
With, and can not achieve the purpose that improve sow breeding production performance, these opposite remaining energy and protein increase
Feeding cost energy level improves metabolic energy on the basis of controlled feeding, can make the multiple rows of ovum of sow.
Energy level influences herd boar age puberty, when reducing energy raise competence, postpones age puberty.Puberty
In the past, excessively high raise competence can make herd boar overfertilization, can reduce the lifelong fecundity of herd boar, and sexual desire and sexual function reduce,
And the output of sperm is reduced later, poor quality.But too low raise competence can make herd boar body condition be deteriorated, under breeding capacity
Drop.
3. protein and amino acid
Protein and the too high or too low research in terms of Reproduction of amino acid levels are reported very in pregnant sow daily ration
It is more.Since the negative effect that the slight deficiency of gestational period protein is brought can be fed in nursing period with the protein level more than recommended amounts
It is compensated, therefore seldom there is a phenomenon where reduce sow Growth Results because of protein deficiency in daily production management.It is right
For breeding pig, when protein and lysine level in pregnant daily ration are respectively 14.0% and 0.60 % or so,
Maintain good reproductive performance.
Protein in lactating swine diets is the key factor for influencing reproductive performance.Nursing period, low dietary protein can make
The time lengthening of heat again is arrived in sow wean, and first farrowing sow is even more so.
Nursing period protein provision should be not less than 700 g/d, otherwise since insufficiency of intake can cause sow body protein to be mobilized
It is excessive, to have an adverse effect to milking sow reproductive performance, the time lengthening from wean to heat again is made not send out even
Feelings.Protein level does not influence the sow thickness of backfat, feed intake and the time interval of postweaning estrus, but protein level can
Piglet speed of growth is set to reach maximum.
4. trace element
Content of the trace element in feed is seldom, has containing 1/10th in per kilogram substance, or even have a ten thousandth, but
There is extremely important effect in body.
4.1 selenium
Selenium plays important antioxidation in animal body, promotes the synthesis of protein.Brood sow selenium deficiency will appear breeding
Obstacle, lactation amount decline, and immune response is deteriorated；Boar selenium deficiency can be such that tubules epithelium is denaturalized, necrosis, thus sperm cannot be
Epididymis is reached maturity.Because VE with selenium there is synergistic effect, herd boar can be expired using suitable VE sodium selenites additive
The needs of sufficient herd boar.
4.2 zinc
Zinc is the constituent and activator of a variety of enzymes, is played an important role in DNA synthesis, nucleic acid and protein metabolism.Zinc-deficiency
First farrowing sow produce surviving of son can be made few and small, piglet zinc values in body declines, but the abnormal phenomenon unobvious of sexual behaviour and development of fetus；
Herd boar sexual hypoesthesia, testicualr development are obstructed, sperm quality declines, pachyderma, scurf are more, the serious outside in four limbs,
There is papule, incrustation, cracking in scrotum and abdomen, eye socket etc..Zinc sulfate or zinc oxide etc. are added in feed to be changed in a short time
Kind zinc-deficiency situation.
4.3 manganese
Sow manganese deficiency can cause oestrus of sow abnormal or disappear, and fetus is absorbed, and newborn piglet is small and weak, and lactation amount declines；Kind is public
Anaphrodisia when pig manganese deficiency, convoluted seminiferous tubule are denaturalized, azoospermia, and the spermatid of many denaturation is accumulated in seminal vesicle, leads to reproductive ability
It can decline.
4.4 iodine
Boar long-term lacking iodine can cause Thyroid Gland Swell, basic metabolism to decline, and slow-growing, reproductive development is obstructed, pregnant
Sow of being pregnent leads to foetal death or is absorbed, and some productions are without live pig；Boar iodine deficiency semen quality declines, sexual anesthesia.
In above-mentioned composition, mainly as starch source, fish meal, vinasse albumen and thick protein are main for corn, dregs of beans
As animal protein, Source Organic Matter, lysine, methionine and threonine are as amino acid additive, wherein corn, dregs of beans
Influencing pork lean meat percentage, fish meal, vinasse albumen and crude protein influences kind of a daily gain in pigs, and amino acid additive maintains ammonia in boar body
Base acid balance, improves immunity, calcium influence boar bone growth, and the final influence boar that respectively cooperates between composition grows bent
Line.
Advantages of the present invention：
（1）The present invention will need the different lines boar raised to carry out centralization raising and management respectively, establish each strain
Experimental group is tested, and is once measured within every three weeks, reduces error to greatest extent, calculates each strain boar accurately most
Big growth potential, daily gain, meat feed ratio and feed intake, to formulate the accurate nutrient formulation feeding side for being specific to each strain
Method has specific aim and directive property, so that each strain boar can accurately obtain the nutrition needed for growth, be not in nutrition
Insufficient or excessive situation.
（2）Boar growth is divided into several stages by the present invention, and since 15~20kg, it is a rank often to increase by 10~15kg
Section, each stage, according to being fed after test result modification standard Diet Formula, it is enough to ensure that boar each stage absorbs
Nutrition, and superfluous generate will not be caused to waste, high degree is cost-effective.
（3）The Diet Formula trophic structure of the present invention is comprehensive, each ingredient all has directive property, can influence boar growth
Each index, therefore the present invention can be by analyzing obtained data and curves, for boar fattening period, oestrus each stage tune
Whole formula ensures the reproduction ability and piglet health degree of boar.
Specific implementation mode
Implement place：Carry out on Guangxi herding Group Co., Ltd of land reclamation and cultivation Yongxin good boundary original seed pig farm
Implementation steps：
（1）Long white race pig is chosen, and randomly selects 4 groups of test pigs, every group 100, pig is healthy, uniform in size；
（2）Start to test when test pig average weight about 20 ± 2kg, be weighed electronic cage using ALOKASSD-500V types B ultrasound and pig
Claim one, measures weight, back fat and the eye muscle area of test pig and record；
（3）Standard recipe daily ration is fed to test pig, using the feeding manner of free choice feeding, test pig was carried out in every 21 days primary
The measurement and record of weight, back fat and eye muscle area；
（4）Test pig weight stops experiment when exceeding 125kg, and last time to the measurement of weight, back fat and eye muscle area simultaneously
Record, obtains the maximum growth potentiality and feed intake of each test pig strain under Various Seasonal；
（5）By all test data typing Microsoft Excels, test data is arranged, every batch of test pig is obtained and respectively tests rank
The test datas such as weight, back-fat thickness, eye muscle area of section, draw weight, accumulative feed intake, digestible lysine requirement with
Age in days regression curve.It utilizes《U.S.'s pig nutritional guidelines》Related software calculate test pig carcass fat-free lean weightening, according to no fat
Lean meat weightening, weight, accumulative feed intake, digestible lysine requirement and age in days regression curve determine each growth phase of test pig
Accurate nutrient fodder formula.
（6）After above-mentioned four generation of method for breeding pure breeding, the female Landrace data for extracting the first generation to forth generation carry out pair
Than obtaining following table：
Female Landrace reproductive performance phenotype is in progress
As can be seen from the above table, 4 generations compared with 1 generation, first farrowing sow, Suprapubic arch sling total yield coefficient be respectively increased 0.29
Head, 0.43；Litter size living is respectively increased 0.34,0.31；Son's rate living is respectively increased 0.55 percentage point, reduces by 0.64
Percentage point；0.45kg, 0.49kg is respectively increased in weigth at birth；It corrects 21 age in days weight of weaning litters and 2.1kg, 2.25kg is respectively increased.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of kind pig feeding method using accurate nutrient formulation feed, which is characterized in that including：
Distinguish centralization feeding management according to the boar of different lines, and random 2~4 groups of test pigs, every group 100~160；
Test pig average weight starts to test when reaching 20kg, and the weight of test pig, back fat are measured using B ultrasound equipment and weighing-appliance
With eye muscle area and record；
Standard recipe daily ration is fed to test pig, using the feeding manner of free choice feeding, a body was carried out to test pig in every 21 days
The measurement and record of weight, back fat and eye muscle area；
Test pig weight stops experiment when exceeding 125kg, and last time is to the measurement and note of weight, back fat and eye muscle area
Record, obtains the maximum growth potentiality and feed intake of each test pig strain under Various Seasonal；
It establishes growth and food consumption curve respectively according to the data of test data sheet, is adjusted in standard recipe daily ration according to curve
Lysine will be measured, energy will measure digestion amino acid requirement, form the accurate nutrient formulation feed of each strain；
The accurate nutrient formulation feed and each stage that each strain boar obtains according to each test pig strain are precisely sought with flow vector
It supports and feeds, all boars are started with average 15~20kg, and it is a stage often to increase by 10~15kg, until average weight reaches
125kg list marketings.
2. the kind pig feeding method according to claim 1 using accurate nutrient formulation feed, which is characterized in that the mark
Quasi- formula daily ration includes the composition of following weight part ratio：
Corn 40~80；Vinasse albumen 0~10；Fish meal 1~2；Dregs of beans 15~20；Lysine 0.1~0.5；Methionine 0
~0.1；Threonine 0.01~0.1；Thick protein 15~20；Calcium 0.5~0.7；Trace element 0.1~0.5.
3. the kind pig feeding method according to claim 1 using accurate nutrient formulation feed, it is characterised in that：Described
Trace element includes Si, Zn, Mn, I, weight part ratio 1:2:1:0.5.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108575890A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-09-28 | 广西农垦永新畜牧集团有限公司良圻原种猪场 | Using the pork pig method for breeding of accurate nutrient formulation feed |
| CN111493025A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-07 | 广西大学 | Construction method of low-backfat-thickness pig model |
| KR102278911B1 (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2021-07-19 | 주식회사 잇다 | Pig feed method for each breeding stage |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111493025A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-07 | 广西大学 | Construction method of low-backfat-thickness pig model |
| KR102278911B1 (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2021-07-19 | 주식회사 잇다 | Pig feed method for each breeding stage |
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