CN108703032A - A kind of intercropping plant method reducing broad bean disease by regulating and controlling nitrogen fertilizer amount - Google Patents
A kind of intercropping plant method reducing broad bean disease by regulating and controlling nitrogen fertilizer amount Download PDFInfo
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- CN108703032A CN108703032A CN201810574395.4A CN201810574395A CN108703032A CN 108703032 A CN108703032 A CN 108703032A CN 201810574395 A CN201810574395 A CN 201810574395A CN 108703032 A CN108703032 A CN 108703032A
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- broad bean
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of intercropping plant methods reducing broad bean disease by regulating and controlling nitrogen fertilizer amount in broad bean technical field of cultivation,Nitrogen is mineral nutrient element necessary to growth and development of plants,Also it is that growth of pathogenic bacteria development and pathogen colonize and provide nutrition foundation while ensureing plant normal growth development,By making between reasonable to broad bean and wheat,Since wheat has stronger competitiveness to soil and fertilizer nitrogen,It can promote the reduction of broad bean rhizosphere soil nitrogen concentrations,To enhance broad bean itself nitrogen fixing capacity and amount of nitrogen fixation,It is reduced thus while broad bean absorbs the nitrogen in soil,But the nitrogen for coming from air in broad bean body dramatically increases,So that broad bean totality amount of nitrogen sucking more balances,It is divided into four applications using by nitrogenous fertilizer,And make to regulate and control the dosage of broad bean growth period nitrogenous fertilizer between broad bean and wheat,The foundation of the nutrition foundation of pathogen can effectively be hindered,It may to effectively prevent reducing broad bean introduced disease.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to broad bean technical field of cultivation, specific field is a kind of by regulating and controlling nitrogen fertilizer amount reduction broad bean disease
Intercropping plant method.
Background technology
Broad bean is important in the world legume, the features such as because of tool grain, vegetables, feed and green manure dual-purpose, and is adapted to
Property it is wide and there is higher amount of nitrogen fixation, the country worldwide planted is more than 70, and cultivated area is up to 2,600,000 hm2, mesh
Before, Chinese broad bean production area and yield rank the first in the world, and broad bean occupies China in the cultivated area and yield of Yunnan Province of China
First place, but since unreasonable nitrogen of applying leads to the outburst of broad bean disease and sprawling, cause heavy losses, cultivated area anxious yield of broad bean
Play declines, and seriously restricts broad bean production, therefore, how rationally to apply nitrogen and reduces production loss with important meaning to control broad bean disease
Justice.
Invention content
The intercropping plant method that the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of by regulating and controlling nitrogen fertilizer amount reduction broad bean disease, with
Solve the problems mentioned above in the background art.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：One kind reducing favism by regulating and controlling nitrogen fertilizer amount
Harmful intercropping plant method, implantation methods include the following steps：
1) it applies fertilizer
Applied nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are distinguished into planting site, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are used as base manure, disposably
Using the Phosphorus fertilizer usage is 85~95kg/hm2, the K Amounts are 85~95kg/hm2, the nitrogenous fertilizer is divided into bottom
Four fertile, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing applications, base fertilizer, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing amount of application are respectively
40kg/hm2、50kg/hm2、45kg/hm2、45kg/hm2, base fertilizer, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing Dressing date are respectively
Broad bean sowing before, branching stage, full-bloom stage and drum the pod phase；
2) it sows
To broad bean and wheat into the ranks making, wherein carrying out program request plantation to broad bean, broad bean line space is 0.28~0.32m,
Strain spacing is 0.12~0.18m, carries out strip sowing planting to wheat, line space is 0.18~0.22m, every two rows broad bean intercropping plant
Three row wheats；
3) field management
Routinely watering time and mode pour broad bean and wheat intercropping plant, are sprayed respectively in the Vicia faba seedling phase
Apply 1~2 pesticide A, the amount of spraying is 30~50kg/ mu every time, and branching stage sprays 1~2 pesticide B, every time the amount of spraying for 30~
50kg/ mus.
Preferably, nitrogenous fertilizer described in step 1) be urea, nitrogen content be not less than 46%, the phosphate fertilizer be calcium superphosphate, five
It aoxidizes two phosphorus contents and is not less than 16%, the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and potassium oxide content is not less than 50%.
Preferably, the thickness of sowing 150kg/hm of wheat described in step 2)2, as unit of every row wheat cultivation amount uniformly
It weighs to row.
Preferably, planting width respectively by broad bean bunch planting planting patterns with wheat Jian Zuo area's surroundings in broad bean in step 2) is
The broad bean growth belt of 1m.
Preferably, pesticide A described in step 3) is the Sandofan that 800 times are diluted through water, and the pesticide B is to be diluted through water
1000 times of triadimefon.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：A kind of intercropping plant method reducing broad bean disease by regulating and controlling nitrogen fertilizer amount, nitrogen
Element is mineral nutrient element necessary to growth and development of plants, is also that pathogen gives birth to while ensureing plant normal growth development
Long development and pathogen colonize offer nutrition foundation, by making between reasonable to broad bean and wheat, since wheat is to soil and change
Fertile nitrogen has stronger competitiveness, can promote the reduction of broad bean rhizosphere soil nitrogen concentrations, to enhance broad bean itself nitrogen fixing capacity
And amount of nitrogen fixation, it is reduced thus while broad bean absorbs the nitrogen in soil, but the nitrogen for coming from air in broad bean body dramatically increases,
So that broad bean totality amount of nitrogen sucking more balances, make to regulate and control silkworm using nitrogenous fertilizer to be divided between four applications and broad bean and wheat
The dosage of beans growth period nitrogenous fertilizer can effectively hinder the foundation of the nutrition foundation of pathogen, to effectively prevent reducing broad bean sense
It catches an illness and does harm to possibility, Vicia faba seedling phase and branching stage are the periods of disease of red spot and rust, carry out pesticide spray to broad bean during this period
It applies, broad bean disease infection can be further prevented.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that institute
The embodiment of description is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention,
Every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, belongs to this hair
The range of bright protection.
Embodiment 1：
1) it applies fertilizer
Applied nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are distinguished into planting site, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are used as base manure, disposably
Using the Phosphorus fertilizer usage is 85kg/hm2, the K Amounts are 85kg/hm2, the nitrogenous fertilizer be divided into base fertilizer, it is middle fertilizer,
Four applications of top dressing and secondary top dressing, base fertilizer, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing amount of application are respectively 40kg/hm2、
50kg/hm2、45kg/hm2、45kg/hm2, base fertilizer, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing Dressing date are respectively broad bean sowing
Before, branching stage, full-bloom stage and drum the pod phase；
2) it sows
To broad bean and wheat into the ranks making, wherein carrying out program request plantation to broad bean, broad bean line space is 0.28m, strain spacing
For 0.12m, strip sowing planting, line space 0.18m, every two rows broad bean intercropping plant, three row wheat are carried out to wheat；
3) field management
Routinely watering time and mode pour broad bean and wheat intercropping plant, are sprayed respectively in the Vicia faba seedling phase
1 Sandofan that 800 times are diluted through water is applied, the amount of spraying is 50kg/ mus every time, and branching stage sprays 1 time and dilutes 1000 times through water
Triadimefon, the amount of spraying is 50kg/ mus every time.
Embodiment 2：
1) it applies fertilizer
Applied nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are distinguished into planting site, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are used as base manure, disposably
Using the Phosphorus fertilizer usage is 87kg/hm2, the K Amounts are 87kg/hm2, the nitrogenous fertilizer be divided into base fertilizer, it is middle fertilizer,
Four applications of top dressing and secondary top dressing, base fertilizer, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing amount of application are respectively 40kg/hm2、
50kg/hm2、45kg/hm2、45kg/hm2, base fertilizer, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing Dressing date are respectively broad bean sowing
Before, branching stage, full-bloom stage and drum the pod phase；
2) it sows
To broad bean and wheat into the ranks making, wherein carrying out program request plantation to broad bean, broad bean line space is 0.29m, strain spacing
For 0.13m, strip sowing planting, line space 0.19m, every two rows broad bean intercropping plant, three row wheat are carried out to wheat；
3) field management
Routinely watering time and mode pour broad bean and wheat intercropping plant, are sprayed respectively in the Vicia faba seedling phase
1 Sandofan that 800 times are diluted through water is applied, the amount of spraying is 46kg/ mus every time, and branching stage sprays 1 time and dilutes 1000 times through water
Triadimefon, the amount of spraying is 46kg/ mus every time.
Embodiment 3：
1) it applies fertilizer
Applied nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are distinguished into planting site, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are used as base manure, disposably
Using the Phosphorus fertilizer usage is 89kg/hm2, the K Amounts are 89kg/hm2, the nitrogenous fertilizer be divided into base fertilizer, it is middle fertilizer,
Four applications of top dressing and secondary top dressing, base fertilizer, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing amount of application are respectively 40kg/hm2、
50kg/hm2、45kg/hm2、45kg/hm2, base fertilizer, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing Dressing date are respectively broad bean sowing
Before, branching stage, full-bloom stage and drum the pod phase；
2) it sows
To broad bean and wheat into the ranks making, wherein carrying out program request plantation to broad bean, broad bean line space is 0.30m, strain spacing
For 0.15m, strip sowing planting, line space 0.20m, every two rows broad bean intercropping plant, three row wheat are carried out to wheat；
3) field management
Routinely watering time and mode pour broad bean and wheat intercropping plant, are sprayed respectively in the Vicia faba seedling phase
1 Sandofan that 800 times are diluted through water is applied, the amount of spraying is 42kg/ mus every time, and branching stage sprays 1 time and dilutes 1000 times through water
Triadimefon, the amount of spraying is 42kg/ mus every time.
Embodiment 4：
1) it applies fertilizer
Applied nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are distinguished into planting site, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are used as base manure, disposably
Using the Phosphorus fertilizer usage is 91kg/hm2, the K Amounts are 91kg/hm2, the nitrogenous fertilizer be divided into base fertilizer, it is middle fertilizer,
Four applications of top dressing and secondary top dressing, base fertilizer, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing amount of application are respectively 40kg/hm2、
50kg/hm2、45kg/hm2、45kg/hm2, base fertilizer, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing Dressing date are respectively broad bean sowing
Before, branching stage, full-bloom stage and drum the pod phase；
2) it sows
To broad bean and wheat into the ranks making, wherein carrying out program request plantation to broad bean, broad bean line space is 0.30m, strain spacing
For 0.16m, strip sowing planting, line space 0.20m, every two rows broad bean intercropping plant, three row wheat are carried out to wheat；
3) field management
Routinely watering time and mode pour broad bean and wheat intercropping plant, are sprayed respectively in the Vicia faba seedling phase
2 Sandofans that 800 times are diluted through water are applied, the amount of spraying is 38kg/ mus every time, sprays be separated by 8 days twice, branching stage sprays 2 times
1000 times of triadimefon is diluted through water, the amount of spraying is 38kg/ mus every time, sprays be separated by 7 days twice.
Embodiment 5：
1) it applies fertilizer
Applied nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are distinguished into planting site, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are used as base manure, disposably
Using the Phosphorus fertilizer usage is 93kg/hm2, the K Amounts are 93kg/hm2, the nitrogenous fertilizer be divided into base fertilizer, it is middle fertilizer,
Four applications of top dressing and secondary top dressing, base fertilizer, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing amount of application are respectively 40kg/hm2、
50kg/hm2、45kg/hm2、45kg/hm2, base fertilizer, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing Dressing date are respectively broad bean sowing
Before, branching stage, full-bloom stage and drum the pod phase；
2) it sows
To broad bean and wheat into the ranks making, wherein carrying out program request plantation to broad bean, broad bean line space is 0.31m, strain spacing
For 0.17m, strip sowing planting, line space 0.21m, every two rows broad bean intercropping plant, three row wheat are carried out to wheat；
3) field management
Routinely watering time and mode pour broad bean and wheat intercropping plant, are sprayed respectively in the Vicia faba seedling phase
2 Sandofans that 800 times are diluted through water are applied, the amount of spraying is 34kg/ mus every time, sprays be separated by 8 days twice, branching stage sprays 2 times
1000 times of triadimefon is diluted through water, the amount of spraying is 34kg/ mus every time, sprays be separated by 7 days twice.
Embodiment 6：
1) it applies fertilizer
Applied nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are distinguished into planting site, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are used as base manure, disposably
Using the Phosphorus fertilizer usage is 95kg/hm2, the K Amounts are 95kg/hm2, the nitrogenous fertilizer be divided into base fertilizer, it is middle fertilizer,
Four applications of top dressing and secondary top dressing, base fertilizer, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing amount of application are respectively 40kg/hm2、
50kg/hm2、45kg/hm2、45kg/hm2, base fertilizer, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing Dressing date are respectively broad bean sowing
Before, branching stage, full-bloom stage and drum the pod phase；
2) it sows
To broad bean and wheat into the ranks making, wherein carrying out program request plantation to broad bean, broad bean line space is 0.32m, strain spacing
For 0.18m, strip sowing planting, line space 0.22m, every two rows broad bean intercropping plant, three row wheat are carried out to wheat；
3) field management
Routinely watering time and mode pour broad bean and wheat intercropping plant, are sprayed respectively in the Vicia faba seedling phase
2 Sandofans that 800 times are diluted through water are applied, the amount of spraying is 30kg/ mus every time, sprays be separated by 8 days twice, branching stage sprays 2 times
1000 times of triadimefon is diluted through water, the amount of spraying is 30kg/ mus every time, sprays be separated by 7 days twice.
Examples 1 to 6 and existing nonoculture broad bean (comparative example) disease are counted, table 1 is broad bean disease species and classification
Standard, table 2 count for disease.
1 broad bean disease species of table and grade scale
2 disease of table counts
| Red spot | Rust | Droop | Brown spot | Ring spot | Root rot | |
| Embodiment 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Embodiment 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Embodiment 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Embodiment 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Embodiment 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Embodiment 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Comparative example | 5 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 3 |
As seen from the experiment, a kind of intercropping plant method reducing broad bean disease by regulating and controlling nitrogen fertilizer amount of the present invention,
Effectively reduce broad bean disease infection.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
Understanding without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention can carry out these embodiments a variety of variations, modification, replace
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of intercropping plant method reducing broad bean disease by regulating and controlling nitrogen fertilizer amount, it is characterised in that：Its implantation methods packet
Include following steps：
1) it applies fertilizer
Applied nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are distinguished into planting site, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are used as base manure, disposably apply
With the Phosphorus fertilizer usage is 85~95kg/hm2, the K Amounts are 85~95kg/hm2, and the nitrogenous fertilizer is divided into bottom
Four fertile, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing applications, base fertilizer, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing amount of application are respectively
40kg/hm2、50kg/hm2、45kg/hm2、45kg/hm2, base fertilizer, middle fertilizer, a top dressing and secondary top dressing Dressing date are respectively
Broad bean sowing before, branching stage, full-bloom stage and drum the pod phase；
2) it sows
To broad bean and wheat into the ranks making, wherein carrying out program request plantation to broad bean, broad bean line space is 0.28~0.32m, between strain
Away from for 0.12~0.18m, strip sowing planting is carried out to wheat, line space is 0.18~0.22m, every two rows broad bean intercropping plant, three row
Wheat；
3) field management
Routinely watering time and mode pour broad bean and wheat intercropping plant, spray 1 in the Vicia faba seedling phase respectively
~2 pesticide A, the amount of spraying is 30~50kg/ mu every time, and branching stage sprays 1~2 pesticide B, every time the amount of spraying for 30~
50kg/ mus.
2. a kind of intercropping plant method reducing broad bean disease by regulating and controlling nitrogen fertilizer amount according to claim 1, special
Sign is：Nitrogenous fertilizer described in step 1) is urea, and nitrogen content is not less than 46%, and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, phosphorus pentoxide
Content is not less than 16%, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and potassium oxide content is not less than 50%.
3. a kind of intercropping plant method reducing broad bean disease by regulating and controlling nitrogen fertilizer amount according to claim 1, special
Sign is：The thickness of sowing 150kg/hm of wheat described in step 2)2, uniformly weighed as unit of every row wheat cultivation amount to
Row.
4. a kind of intercropping plant method reducing broad bean disease by regulating and controlling nitrogen fertilizer amount according to claim 1, special
Sign is：In step 2) broad bean that width is 1m is planted respectively by broad bean bunch planting planting patterns in broad bean and wheat Jian Zuo area's surroundings
Growth belt.
5. a kind of intercropping plant method reducing broad bean disease by regulating and controlling nitrogen fertilizer amount according to claim 1, special
Sign is：Pesticide A described in step 3) is the Sandofan that 800 times are diluted through water, and the pesticide B is the powder that 1000 times are diluted through water
Rust is peaceful.
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| CN111727847A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-10-02 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Straw fiber seedling culture substrate for colonization biocontrol bacteria, production method thereof and two-step colonization biocontrol bacteria method |
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