CN108695406A - 一种薄膜光探测器及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种薄膜光探测器及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种薄膜光探测器及其制备方法,其中,包括:步骤A、在阳极上沉积一层电子阻挡层;步骤B、在电子阻挡层上沉积一层吸光层;步骤C、在吸光层上沉积一层空穴阻挡层;所述空穴阻挡层的材料为纳米颗粒薄膜经交联处理而成的交联纳米颗粒薄膜;步骤D、在空穴阻挡层上蒸镀一层阴极,得到薄膜光探测器。本发明将获得的交联纳米颗粒薄膜应用在溶液法制备的薄膜光探测器中,可以显著降低电流,提高器件的光探测率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光探测器领域,尤其涉及一种薄膜光探测器及其制备方法。
背景技术
光探测器是利用半导体材料的光电导效应制成的一种光探测器件,所谓光电导效应,是指由辐射引起被照射材料电导率改变的一种物理现象,光电探测器能把光信号转换为电信号。
溶液法制备光探测器的过程中,氧化物纳米颗粒是形成相应氧化物薄膜的重要解决方案之一。这主要是因为氧化物纳米颗粒(或球形氧化物纳米晶)具有良好的结晶程度,这保证了其与体材料(低维材料)相似的光学、电学性质;另一方面,由于氧化物纳米颗粒自组装成膜的效果很好,使低成本的涂布制备工艺可以被应用。常见的氧化物纳米颗粒包括氧化锌(ZnOx)纳米颗粒,氧化钛(TiOx)纳米颗粒等,该纳米颗粒的薄膜在薄膜光探测器中作为传输电子的半导体材料;氧化镍(NiOx)在该器件中作为传输空穴的半导体材料。
尽管如此,纳米颗粒之间相互堆积形成的薄膜与体材料薄膜仍然存在区别,这主要体现在载流子的传输特性上。虽然纳米颗粒内部具有良好的结晶性,但这样的结构只局限在纳米级别的范围内,即便在密排的情况下,纳米颗粒之间往往是由绝缘的表面配体填充甚至没有任何物质填充。如此,纳米颗粒之间存在相当高的载流子传输势垒,载流子在纳米颗粒薄膜内部的传输只能遵循跳跃式传输的规律,这导致材料在薄膜尺度下表现出的载流子迁移率远小于相应的体材料薄膜。
因此,现有技术还有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种薄膜光探测器及其制备方法,旨在解决现有薄膜光探测器的光探测率有待提高的问题。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其中,包括:
步骤A、在阳极上沉积一层电子阻挡层;
步骤B、在电子阻挡层上沉积一层吸光层;
步骤C、在吸光层上沉积一层空穴阻挡层;所述空穴阻挡层的材料为纳米颗粒薄膜经交联处理而成的交联纳米颗粒薄膜;
步骤D、在空穴阻挡层上蒸镀一层阴极,得到薄膜光探测器。
所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其中,所述步骤C中的交联纳米颗粒薄膜的制备过程具体包括:
步骤C1、将纳米颗粒分散在溶剂中,并搅拌均匀,得到纳米颗粒溶液;
步骤C2、通过溶液法将纳米颗粒溶液制成纳米颗粒薄膜,并通入组合气体,促使交联反应发生,得到交联纳米颗粒薄膜。
所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其中,所述组合气体包括还原性气体、氧气、水汽和二氧化碳。
所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其中,还原性气体偏压控制在1~100Pa之间,氧气偏压控制在0~2×104Pa之间,水汽偏压控制在0~2×103Pa之间、二氧化碳偏压控制在0~100Pa之间;
所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其中,所述步骤C1中,所述纳米颗粒溶液的质量浓度为1~100mg/ml,所述溶剂为醇类溶剂。
所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其中,所述步骤C1中,所述纳米颗粒为氧化物纳米颗粒、硫化物纳米颗粒、硒化物纳米颗粒、氮化物纳米颗粒、氟化物纳米颗粒中的一种或多种。
所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其中,所述步骤C1中,所述纳米颗粒的平均直径控制在5nm以内。
所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其中,所述步骤C2具体包括:
步骤C21、首先将纳米颗粒溶液置于密闭的环境中,通过溶液法将纳米颗粒溶液制成纳米颗粒薄膜;
步骤C22、然后往密闭的环境中通入组合气体,促使交联反应发生,得到交联纳米颗粒薄膜。
所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其中,所述步骤C2具体包括:
步骤C21’、首先将纳米颗粒溶液置于惰性气体环境中,通过溶液法将纳米颗粒溶液制成纳米颗粒薄膜;
步骤C22’、然后将纳米颗粒薄膜置于密闭的环境中,往密闭的环境中通入组合气体,促使交联反应发生,得到交联纳米颗粒薄膜。
所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其中,所述还原性气体为一氧化碳、氢气、氨气中的一种。
所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其中,所述步骤C中,所述交联纳米颗粒薄膜的厚度为15~60nm。
一种薄膜光探测器,其中,采用如上任一项所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法制备而成;
所述薄膜光探测器依次包括:阳极、电子阻挡层、吸光层、空穴阻挡层和阴极;所述空穴阻挡层的材料为纳米颗粒薄膜经交联处理而成的交联纳米颗粒薄膜。
所述的薄膜光探测器,其中,所述吸光层的材料为二元III-V族化合物、多元的III-V族化合物、II-VI化合物材料的纳米晶、有机半导体材料、含卤素钙钛矿材料、黄铜矿结构材料、单晶、多晶、无定型硅中的一种或多种。
有益效果:本发明在纳米颗粒成膜时使颗粒之间相互交联,以增加颗粒之间的电学耦合,降低载流子传输的势垒,增加载流子迁移率,从而大幅度提升电学性能,这样制备出的交联纳米颗粒薄膜应用在薄膜光探测器中,可以显著降低电流,提高器件的光探测率。
附图说明
图1为现有未交联氧化锌纳米颗粒薄膜的结构示意图。
图2为本发明方法制备的交联氧化锌纳米颗粒薄膜的结构示意图。
图3为不同薄膜对薄膜光探测器的电流-电压曲线示意图。
图4为本发明的一种薄膜光探测器较佳实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种薄膜光探测器及其制备方法,为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确,以下对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明的一种薄膜光探测器的制备方法较佳实施例,其中,包括:
步骤A、在阳极上沉积一层电子阻挡层;
步骤B、在电子阻挡层上沉积一层吸光层;
步骤C、在吸光层上沉积一层空穴阻挡层;所述空穴阻挡层的材料为纳米颗粒薄膜经交联处理而成的交联纳米颗粒薄膜;
步骤D、在空穴阻挡层上蒸镀一层阴极,得到薄膜光探测器。
具体地,本发明中,所述步骤C中的交联纳米颗粒薄膜的制备过程具体包括:
步骤C1、将纳米颗粒分散在溶剂中,并搅拌均匀,得到纳米颗粒溶液;
所述步骤C1具体为,按质量浓度为1~100mg/ml的配比,将纳米颗粒分散在溶剂中,并搅拌至混合均匀,配制得到可供溶液法成膜使用的纳米颗粒溶液。其中,所述纳米颗粒可以为宽带隙的氧化物纳米颗粒、硫化物纳米颗粒、硒化物纳米颗粒、氮化物纳米颗粒、氟化物纳米颗粒中的一种或多种,所述氧化物纳米颗粒可以为但不限于ZnOx(如ZnO)、TiOx(如TiO2)等中的一种;所述硫化物纳米颗粒可以为但不限于硫化锌、硫化钼中的一种;所述硒化物纳米颗粒可以为但不限于硒化锌、硒化铅中的一种;所述氮化物纳米颗粒可以为但不限于氮化硅、氮化铝中的一种;所述氟化物纳米颗粒可以为但不限于氟化镧、氟化钠中的一种。本发明控制纳米颗粒的尺寸,较佳地将球状纳米颗粒的平均直径控制在5nm以内,以保证有足量表面态金属原子可以参与反应。所述溶剂可以为醇类溶剂,如甲醇、乙醇等。
步骤C2、通过溶液法将纳米颗粒溶液制成纳米颗粒薄膜,并通入组合气体,促使交联反应发生,得到交联纳米颗粒薄膜;
所述步骤C2具体为,通过溶液法在吸光层上将纳米颗粒溶液制成纳米颗粒薄膜,然后通入组合气体,使纳米颗粒薄膜与组合气体接触,控制适合的条件,促使交联反应发生,得到交联纳米颗粒薄膜;本发明通过溶液法沉积薄膜,所述溶液法可以为旋涂、喷墨打印、喷涂、刮刀涂布等。
具体地,所述组合气体包括还原性气体、氧气、水汽和二氧化碳。较佳地,还原性气体(如一氧化碳、氢气或氨气等)偏压控制在1~100Pa之间,氧气偏压控制在0~2×104Pa之间,水汽偏压控制在0~2×103Pa之间、二氧化碳偏压控制在0~100Pa之间。本发明控制与膜接触的组合气体,较佳地将与膜接触的组合气体控制在上述偏压范围内,这是因为在该偏压范围内制成的薄膜致密度会较高,薄膜中载流子电子迁移率也会较高。
下面对上述各类型纳米颗粒发生交联反应的条件进行详细说明。
1、氧化物纳米颗粒
纳米颗粒为氧化锌纳米颗粒时,将还原性气体(如一氧化碳、氢气或氨气等)偏压控制在1~100Pa之间,氧气偏压控制在0~1×103Pa之间,水汽偏压控制在0~1×103Pa之间、二氧化碳偏压控制在0~100Pa之间。在该偏压范围内制成的薄膜致密度会较高,薄膜中载流子电子迁移率也会较高。
纳米颗粒为氧化钛纳米颗粒时,将还原性气体(如一氧化碳、氢气或氨气等)偏压控制在1~100Pa之间,氧气偏压控制在0~1×104Pa之间,水汽偏压控制在0~2×103Pa之间、二氧化碳偏压控制在0~100Pa之间。在该偏压范围内制成的薄膜致密度会较高,薄膜中载流子电子迁移率也会较高。
纳米颗粒为氧化镍纳米颗粒时,将还原性气体(如一氧化碳、氢气或氨气等)偏压控制在1~100Pa之间,氧气偏压控制在0~5×103Pa之间,水汽偏压控制在0~2×103Pa之间、二氧化碳偏压控制在0~100Pa之间。在该偏压范围内制成的薄膜致密度会较高,薄膜中载流子电子迁移率也会较高。
2、硫化物纳米颗粒
纳米颗粒为硫化锌纳米颗粒时,将还原性气体(如一氧化碳、氢气或氨气等)偏压控制在1~100Pa之间,氧气偏压控制在小于0.1Pa,水汽偏压控制在0~2×103Pa之间、二氧化碳偏压控制在0~100Pa之间。在该偏压范围内制成的薄膜致密度会较高,薄膜中载流子电子迁移率也会较高。
纳米颗粒为硫化钼纳米颗粒时,将还原性气体(如一氧化碳、氢气或氨气等)偏压控制在1~100Pa之间,氧气偏压控制在小于0.1Pa,水汽偏压控制在0~2×103Pa之间、二氧化碳偏压控制在0~100Pa之间。在该偏压范围内制成的薄膜致密度会较高,薄膜中载流子电子迁移率也会较高。
3、硒化物纳米颗粒
纳米颗粒为硒化锌纳米颗粒时,将还原性气体(如一氧化碳、氢气或氨气等)偏压控制在1~100Pa之间,氧气偏压控制在小于0.1Pa,水汽偏压控制在0~1×102Pa之间、二氧化碳偏压控制在0~10Pa之间。在该偏压范围内制成的薄膜致密度会较高,薄膜中载流子电子迁移率也会较高。
纳米颗粒为硒化铅纳米颗粒时,将还原性气体(如一氧化碳、氢气或氨气等)偏压控制在1~100Pa之间,氧气偏压控制在小于0.1Pa,水汽偏压控制在小于0.1Pa、二氧化碳偏压控制在0~100Pa之间。在该偏压范围内制成的薄膜致密度会较高,薄膜中载流子电子迁移率也会较高。
4、氮化物纳米颗粒
纳米颗粒为氮化硅纳米颗粒时,将还原性气体(如一氧化碳、氢气或氨气等)偏压控制在1~100Pa之间,氧气偏压控制在0.1~1Pa,水汽偏压控制在0~2×103Pa之间、二氧化碳偏压控制在0~100Pa之间。此外,氮气保持在1×105Pa左右。在该偏压范围内制成的薄膜致密度会较高,薄膜中载流子电子迁移率也会较高。
纳米颗粒为氮化铝纳米颗粒时,将还原性气体(如一氧化碳、氢气或氨气等)偏压控制在1~100Pa之间,氧气偏压控制在小于0.1Pa,水汽偏压控制在0~2×103Pa之间、二氧化碳偏压控制在10~100Pa之间。此外,氮气保持在1×105Pa左右。在该偏压范围内制成的薄膜致密度会较高,薄膜中载流子电子迁移率也会较高。
5、氟化物纳米颗粒
纳米颗粒为氟化镧纳米颗粒时,将还原性气体(如一氧化碳、氢气或氨气等)偏压控制在1~100Pa之间,氧气偏压控制在小于0.1Pa,水汽偏压控制在0~1×102Pa之间、二氧化碳偏压控制在0~10Pa之间。在该偏压范围内制成的薄膜致密度会较高,薄膜中载流子电子迁移率也会较高。
纳米颗粒为氟化钠纳米颗粒时,将还原性气体(如一氧化碳、氢气或氨气等)偏压控制在1~100Pa之间,氧气偏压控制在小于0.1Pa,水汽偏压控制在0~2×103Pa之间、二氧化碳偏压控制在10~100Pa之间。在该偏压范围内制成的薄膜致密度会较高,薄膜中载流子电子迁移率也会较高。
本发明使纳米颗粒在成膜时相互交联,交联是指纳米颗粒之间有物质填充并通过化学键使纳米颗粒连接。相对应地,未交联的纳米颗粒之间没有通过化学键作用连接的物质。本发明通过上述交联方法,可提高相应薄膜的致密度和载流子迁移率。这样制备出的交联纳米颗粒薄膜应用在薄膜光探测器中,可以显著提升薄膜光探测器的性能。
本发明可在非真空条件下将纳米颗粒溶液直接制成纳米颗粒薄膜,具体地,所述步骤C2具体包括:
步骤C21、首先将纳米颗粒溶液置于密闭的环境中,通过溶液法将纳米颗粒溶液制成纳米颗粒薄膜;
步骤C22、然后往密闭的环境中通入组合气体,促使交联反应发生,得到交联纳米颗粒薄膜。
上述步骤即为,在密闭的非真空条件下将纳米颗粒溶液制成纳米颗粒薄膜,然后往该密闭的环境中通入上述组合气体,促使交联反应发生,得到交联纳米颗粒薄膜。
本发明不限于上述气体环境下制成交联纳米颗粒薄膜,还可先在惰性气体条件下制成纳米颗粒薄膜后,将得到的纳米颗粒薄膜置于密闭的环境中,然后通入组合气体促使交联反应发生,得到交联纳米颗粒薄膜。具体地,所述步骤C2具体包括:
步骤C21’、 首先将纳米颗粒溶液置于惰性气体环境中,通过溶液法将纳米颗粒溶液制成纳米颗粒薄膜;
步骤C22’、 然后将纳米颗粒薄膜置于密闭的环境中,往密闭的环境中通入组合气体,促使交联反应发生,得到交联纳米颗粒薄膜。
本发明上述交联反应结束后,将交联纳米颗粒薄膜取出,然后对交联纳米颗粒薄膜进行干燥处理,最终得到厚度为15~60nm的交联纳米颗粒薄膜。其中干燥温度高于纳米颗粒溶液中溶剂的沸点;根据膜厚,干燥时间大于15分钟之每50纳米。
通常的纳米颗粒薄膜由相互不交联的纳米颗粒自组装而成,本发明采用在纳米颗粒成膜时,通入组合气体,促使颗粒之间相互交联,由此增加颗粒之间的电学耦合,降低载流子传输的势垒,增加载流子迁移率,从而大幅度提升电学性能。将如此获得的交联纳米颗粒薄膜应用在溶液法制备的薄膜光探测器中,所述交联纳米颗粒薄膜作为空穴阻挡层,可以显著降低电流,提高器件的光探测率。
下面以氧化锌纳米颗粒为例,对现有未交联氧化锌纳米颗粒薄膜和通过本发明方法制备的交联氧化锌纳米颗粒薄膜的性能进行测试。结合图1-3,图1为现有未交联氧化锌纳米颗粒薄膜的结构示意图,图2为本发明方法制备的交联氧化锌纳米颗粒薄膜的结构示意图,图3为不同薄膜对薄膜光探测器的电流-电压曲线示意图。从图1可以看出,未交联的纳米颗粒1之间没有通过化学键作用连接的物质;从图2可以看出,纳米颗粒2之间有物质3填充并通过化学键使纳米颗粒2连接。由于加入的氧化锌对薄膜光探测器的电流有非常有效的抑制作用,可以通过观察电流是否增加的方式判断ZnO纳米颗粒薄膜有没有在浸泡过程中脱离。从图3可以看出,交联ZnO纳米颗粒薄膜不论是否经过醇类溶剂(如乙醇)浸泡,电流都保持在较低数值,这说明交联ZnO纳米颗粒薄膜没有在浸泡过程中脱离,使得ZnO对薄膜光探测器的电流起到了明显的抑制作用;而未交联的ZnO纳米颗粒薄膜经过醇类溶剂(如乙醇)浸泡后,电流显著升高,这说明未交联的ZnO纳米颗粒薄膜在浸泡过程中脱落了,使响应器件的电流显著升高,并非常接近不添加ZnO纳米颗粒薄膜的器件。因此,氧化锌纳米颗粒交联后得到的交联氧化锌纳米颗粒薄膜在原溶剂(指分散氧化锌纳米颗粒时采用的溶剂,通常是醇类溶剂)中浸泡后没有明显溶解或物质脱离;相反,未经交联的纳米颗粒薄膜经过浸泡后很容易脱落。使用交联的ZnO薄膜作为空穴阻挡层的光探测器具有比对照器件更低的直流噪声电流,薄膜光探测器的光探测率被相应提高。
本发明还提供一种薄膜光探测器,采用如上任一项所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法制备而成;
如图4所示,所述薄膜光探测器依次包括:阳极4、电子阻挡层5、吸光层6、空穴阻挡层7和阴极8;所述空穴阻挡层7的材料为纳米颗粒薄膜经交联处理而成的交联纳米颗粒薄膜。本发明将经交联得到的交联纳米颗粒薄膜应用在薄膜光探测器中,可显著提高器件的光探测率。
所述薄膜光电探测器是指能把光信号转换为电信号的器件,其原理是由辐射引起被照射材料电导率发生改变。溶法制备的薄膜光探测器可以包含:有机光探测器、量子点光探测器、钙钛矿光探测器、无机薄膜光探测器等。另外,所述薄膜光探测器的器件结构种类多样,可根据不同需要设计不同的器件结构,还可通过添加多个器件单元,组成叠层结构的薄膜光电探测器。
本发明所述薄膜光电探测器中,所述阳极和阴极中至少有一个电极对探测波段有高透过率。
进一步,在本发明中,所述阳极可选自铟掺杂氧化锡(ITO)、氟掺杂氧化锡(FTO)、锑掺杂氧化锡(ATO)、铝掺杂氧化锌(AZO)中的一种或多种;优选地,所述阳极为ITO。
进一步,在本发明中,所述电子阻挡层的材料可选自聚(9,9-二辛基芴-CO-N-(4-丁基苯基)二苯胺)(TFB)、聚乙烯咔唑(PVK)、聚(N, N'双(4-丁基苯基)-N,N'-双(苯基)联苯胺)(poly-TPD)、聚(9,9-二辛基芴-共-双-N,N-苯基-1,4-苯二胺)(PFB)、4,4’,4’’-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺(TCTA)、4,4'-二(9-咔唑)联苯(CBP)、N,N’-二苯基-N,N’-二(3-甲基苯基)-1,1’-联苯-4,4’-二胺(TPD)、N,N’-二苯基-N,N’-(1-萘基)-1,1’-联苯-4,4’-二胺(NPB)、掺杂石墨烯、非掺杂石墨烯、C60、或它们的混合物;优选地,所述电子阻挡层为poly-TPD。所述电子阻挡层的厚度为10~100 nm。
进一步,在本发明中,所述吸光层的材料可以为二元III-V族化合物(如GaN、GaAs或InGaAs)、多元的III-V族化合物、II-VI化合物材料的纳米晶、有机半导体材料、含卤素钙钛矿材料、黄铜矿结构材料(如铜铟镓硒)、单晶、多晶、无定型硅中的一种或多种。所述吸光层(光电子产生层)可以为一个半导体同制结,也可以为一个半导体异制结。具体地,若吸光层为同制结,吸光层的材料为上述某一材料类别中的一种具体材料。若吸光层为异制结,其材料为上述某一材料类别或者两种材料类别中总共两种具体材料。
进一步,在本发明中,所述阴极可选自Al、Ag、Cu、Mo、Au或它们的合金;优选地,所述阴极为Au。所述阴极的厚度为50~500 nm;优选地,所述阴极的厚度为100~200 nm。
优选地,所述薄膜光探测器为部分封装、全封装、或不封装。
综上所述,本发明提供的一种薄膜光探测器及其制备方法,本发明采用在氧化物纳米颗粒成膜时,通入组合气体,促使颗粒之间相互交联,由此增加颗粒之间的电学耦合,降低载流子传输的势垒,增加载流子迁移率,从而大幅度提升电学性能。将如此获得的交联纳米颗粒薄膜应用在溶液法制备的薄膜光探测器中,所述交联纳米颗粒薄膜作为空穴阻挡层,可以显著降低电流,提高器件的光探测率。
应当理解的是,本发明的应用不限于上述的举例,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (13)
1.一种薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤A、在阳极上沉积一层电子阻挡层;
步骤B、在电子阻挡层上沉积一层吸光层;
步骤C、在吸光层上沉积一层空穴阻挡层;所述空穴阻挡层的材料为纳米颗粒薄膜经交联处理而成的交联纳米颗粒薄膜;
步骤D、在空穴阻挡层上蒸镀一层阴极,得到薄膜光探测器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤C中的交联纳米颗粒薄膜的制备过程具体包括:
步骤C1、将纳米颗粒分散在溶剂中,并搅拌均匀,得到纳米颗粒溶液;
步骤C2、通过溶液法将纳米颗粒溶液制成纳米颗粒薄膜,并通入组合气体,促使交联反应发生,得到交联纳米颗粒薄膜。
3.根据权利要求2所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述组合气体包括还原性气体、氧气、水汽和二氧化碳。
4.根据权利要求3所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,还原性气体偏压控制在1~100Pa之间,氧气偏压控制在0~2×104Pa之间,水汽偏压控制在0~2×103Pa之间、二氧化碳偏压控制在0~100Pa之间。
5.根据权利要求2所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤C1中,所述纳米颗粒溶液的质量浓度为1~100mg/ml,所述溶剂为醇类溶剂。
6.根据权利要求2所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤C1中,所述纳米颗粒为氧化物纳米颗粒、硫化物纳米颗粒、硒化物纳米颗粒、氮化物纳米颗粒、氟化物纳米颗粒中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求2所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤C1中,所述纳米颗粒的平均直径控制在5nm以内。
8.根据权利要求2所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤C2具体包括:
步骤C21、首先将纳米颗粒溶液置于密闭的环境中,通过溶液法将纳米颗粒溶液制成纳米颗粒薄膜;
步骤C22、然后往密闭的环境中通入组合气体,促使交联反应发生,得到交联纳米颗粒薄膜。
9.根据权利要求2所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤C2具体包括:
步骤C21’、首先将纳米颗粒溶液置于惰性气体环境中,通过溶液法将纳米颗粒溶液制成纳米颗粒薄膜;
步骤C22’、然后将纳米颗粒薄膜置于密闭的环境中,往密闭的环境中通入组合气体,促使交联反应发生,得到交联纳米颗粒薄膜。
10.根据权利要求3所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述还原性气体为一氧化碳、氢气、氨气中的一种。
11.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤C中,所述交联纳米颗粒薄膜的厚度为15~60nm。
12.一种薄膜光探测器,其特征在于,采用如权利要求1~11任一项所述的薄膜光探测器的制备方法制备而成;
所述薄膜光探测器依次包括:阳极、电子阻挡层、吸光层、空穴阻挡层和阴极;所述空穴阻挡层的材料为纳米颗粒薄膜经交联处理而成的交联纳米颗粒薄膜。
13.根据权利要求12所述的薄膜光探测器,其特征在于,所述吸光层的材料为二元III-V族化合物、多元的III-V族化合物、II-VI化合物材料的纳米晶、有机半导体材料、含卤素钙钛矿材料、黄铜矿结构材料、单晶、多晶、无定型硅中的一种或多种。
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