CN108684351A - 一种辣椒的嫁接方法 - Google Patents

一种辣椒的嫁接方法 Download PDF

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CN108684351A
CN108684351A CN201810277345.XA CN201810277345A CN108684351A CN 108684351 A CN108684351 A CN 108684351A CN 201810277345 A CN201810277345 A CN 201810277345A CN 108684351 A CN108684351 A CN 108684351A
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种辣椒的嫁接方法，涉及种植技术领域。所述嫁接时先在砧木苗第2‑3片真叶的上方切掉腋芽，得一个平滑切口，并于切口自上而下垂直切一个刀口，然后选择健壮接穗苗，在接穗苗第4‑5片真叶处剪下枝条，并削成与砧木刀口大小相等的楔形，接着将接穗插入砧木切口处，使砧木与接穗插口相吻合，最后在嫁接部位涂抹愈合剂，用保鲜膜包紧；所述愈合剂包括以下原料：水、紫茉莉提取物、脱落酸、脱乙酰壳多糖、阿拉伯胶、蔗糖、农用链霉素、谷胱甘肽和维生素C。本发明采用特制愈合剂处理嫁接部位，解决了嫁接苗伤口易感染，成活率低的问题，可加快伤口愈合，提高嫁接成活率。

Description

一种辣椒的嫁接方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及种植技术领域，具体涉及一种辣椒的嫁接方法。
【背景技术】
近年来辣椒种植规模的扩大，辣椒病害发生越来越严重，加上辣椒连作障碍，青枯病、疫病、根结线虫病、病毒病等土传病害的危害加剧，导致辣椒产量降低，轻者减产20-30％，重者导致绝收，严重挫伤种植户的积极性。采用农业防治和化学药剂防治虽可起到一定作用，但效果不理想，通过嫁接方法是最经济、有效安全的方法，选择好嫁接方法是保证嫁接苗成活的关键。现阶段辣椒的嫁接方法有斜切平夹法、斜切针接法、劈接捆扎法和劈接平夹法。但由于嫁接技术水平和气候条件等诸多因素的影响，嫁接后易感染和腐烂，伤口愈合速度慢，成活率低，因此，加快伤口愈合，提高嫁接成活率是当前需要解决的问题。而当前的嫁接后使用的伤口愈合剂效果不显著，伤口愈合速度慢，且容易被雨水冲掉失效。
【发明内容】
针对上述问题，本发明提供了一种辣椒的嫁接方法，该方法可加快伤口愈合速度，效果显著，提高嫁接成活率。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种辣椒的嫁接方法，包括砧木培育、接穗选择、嫁接、嫁接后管理，所述嫁接是以高抗土传病害的野生选育辣椒为砧木，以常规品种辣椒为接穗进行嫁接；砧木苗长出5-6片真叶、接穗苗长出6-8片真叶时开始嫁接，嫁接时先用刀片在砧木苗第2-3片真叶的上方横切，除去腋芽，得一个平滑切口，并于所述平滑切口自上而下垂直切一个0.5-1cm深的刀口，然后选择健壮接穗苗，在接穗苗第4-5片真叶处剪下枝条，剪掉枝条的部分叶片，保留2-3片真叶，并将切口处削成削面长与砧木刀口大小相等的楔形，接着将接穗插入砧木切口处，使砧木与接穗插口相吻合，并用细绳扎紧捆绑，最后在嫁接部位涂抹愈合剂，用保鲜膜包紧，即可；
所述愈合剂包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成：水100-200份、紫茉莉提取物0.1-0.7份、脱落酸0.05-0.07份、脱乙酰壳多糖0.3-0.8份、阿拉伯胶10-17份、蔗糖7-13份、农用链霉素1-4份、谷胱甘肽0.02-0.08份和维生素C 0.3-0.9份。
进一步地，所述紫茉莉提取物的制备方法为：将紫茉莉花瓣粉碎，加入5-8重量倍的60-75％的乙醇溶液中超声波提取20-30min，避光静置1-2h，抽滤，收集滤液，并将滤渣按照上述操作重复提取2-3次，合并滤液，将滤液浓缩、干燥，即得。
较优的，所述愈合剂包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成：水150份、紫茉莉提取物0.3份、脱落酸0.06份、脱乙酰壳多糖0.6份、阿拉伯胶16份、蔗糖11份、农用链霉素2份、谷胱甘肽0.05份和维生素C 0.7份。
进一步地，嫁接结束后立即给苗床浇足水分，覆盖6-7层遮阳网，并于4-6天后撤去部分遮阳网，留下1-2层遮阳网即可。
进一步地，所述嫁接方法还包括嫁接后及时抹除砧木上萌发的侧芽的步骤。
进一步地，所述嫁接时间为2-3月。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明采用特制愈合剂处理嫁接部位，解决了嫁接苗伤口易感染，成活率低的问题，可加快伤口愈合，提高嫁接成活率，嫁接后10-15天开始愈合，成活率高达94.2-98.0％，得到的嫁接苗植株健壮且长势好。
(2)本发明愈合剂由紫茉莉提取物、脱落酸、脱乙酰壳多糖、阿拉伯胶、蔗糖、农用链霉素、谷胱甘肽、维生素C与水混制而成，其中紫茉莉提取物、脱乙酰壳多糖、脱落酸和蔗糖均可加快细胞增殖，加快愈伤组织的分化，刺激伤口愈合；阿拉伯胶具有粘合作用，可保湿、防风干，保持嫁接口的湿润，防止干枯死忙；农用链霉素和脱乙酰壳多糖均具有抗菌作用，可防止病菌滋生；谷胱甘肽和维生素C均具有解毒和抗氧化作用，可提高植物细胞活力，加速新陈代谢，减缓细胞的衰老和死亡速度；因此紫茉莉提取物、脱落酸、脱乙酰壳多糖、阿拉伯胶、蔗糖、农用链霉素、谷胱甘肽、维生素C共同作用进一步提高了愈合剂的使用效果，加快了伤口愈合速度。
【具体实施方式】
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例一种辣椒的嫁接方法，包括砧木培育、接穗选择、嫁接、嫁接后管理，所述嫁接是以高抗土传病害的野生选育辣椒为砧木，以常规品种辣椒为接穗进行嫁接；砧木苗长出5片真叶、接穗苗长出6片真叶时开始嫁接，嫁接时先用刀片在砧木苗第2片真叶的上方横切，除去腋芽，得一个平滑切口，并于所述平滑切口自上而下垂直切一个0.5cm深的刀口，然后选择健壮接穗苗，在接穗苗第4片真叶处剪下枝条，剪掉枝条的部分叶片，保留2片真叶，并将切口处削成削面长与砧木刀口大小相等的楔形，接着将接穗插入砧木切口处，使砧木与接穗插口相吻合，并用细绳扎紧捆绑，最后在嫁接部位涂抹愈合剂，用保鲜膜包紧，即可；嫁接结束后立即给苗床浇足水分，覆盖6层遮阳网，并于4天后撤去部分遮阳网，留下1层遮阳网，嫁接后及时抹除砧木上萌发的侧芽；所述嫁接时间为2月。
所述愈合剂包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成：水100份、紫茉莉提取物0.1份、脱落酸0.05份、脱乙酰壳多糖0.3份、阿拉伯胶10份、蔗糖7份、农用链霉素1份、谷胱甘肽0.02份和维生素C 0.3份。
所述紫茉莉提取物的制备方法为：将紫茉莉花瓣粉碎，加入5重量倍的60％的乙醇溶液中超声波提取20min，避光静置1h，抽滤，收集滤液，并将滤渣按照上述操作重复提取2次，合并滤液，将滤液浓缩、干燥，即得。
实施例2
本实施例一种辣椒的嫁接方法，包括砧木培育、接穗选择、嫁接、嫁接后管理，所述嫁接是以高抗土传病害的野生选育辣椒为砧木，以常规品种辣椒为接穗进行嫁接；砧木苗长出6片真叶、接穗苗长出8片真叶时开始嫁接，嫁接时先用刀片在砧木苗第3片真叶的上方横切，除去腋芽，得一个平滑切口，并于所述平滑切口自上而下垂直切一个1cm深的刀口，然后选择健壮接穗苗，在接穗苗第5片真叶处剪下枝条，剪掉枝条的部分叶片，保留3片真叶，并将切口处削成削面长与砧木刀口大小相等的楔形，接着将接穗插入砧木切口处，使砧木与接穗插口相吻合，并用细绳扎紧捆绑，最后在嫁接部位涂抹愈合剂，用保鲜膜包紧，即可；嫁接结束后立即给苗床浇足水分，覆盖7层遮阳网，并于6天后撤去部分遮阳网，留下2层遮阳网，嫁接后及时抹除砧木上萌发的侧芽。所述嫁接时间为3月。
所述愈合剂包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成：水200份、紫茉莉提取物0.7份、脱落酸0.07份、脱乙酰壳多糖0.8份、阿拉伯胶17份、蔗糖13份、农用链霉素4份、谷胱甘肽0.08份和维生素C 0.9份。
所述紫茉莉提取物的制备方法为：将紫茉莉花瓣粉碎，加入8重量倍的75％的乙醇溶液中超声波提取30min，避光静置2h，抽滤，收集滤液，并将滤渣按照上述操作重复提取3次，合并滤液，将滤液浓缩、干燥，即得。
实施例3
本实施例一种辣椒的嫁接方法，包括砧木培育、接穗选择、嫁接、嫁接后管理，所述嫁接是以高抗土传病害的野生选育辣椒为砧木，以常规品种辣椒为接穗进行嫁接；砧木苗长出6片真叶、接穗苗长出8片真叶时开始嫁接，嫁接时先用刀片在砧木苗第3片真叶的上方横切，除去腋芽，得一个平滑切口，并于所述平滑切口自上而下垂直切一个0.8cm深的刀口，然后选择健壮接穗苗，在接穗苗第5片真叶处剪下枝条，剪掉枝条的部分叶片，保留3片真叶，并将切口处削成削面长与砧木刀口大小相等的楔形，接着将接穗插入砧木切口处，使砧木与接穗插口相吻合，并用细绳扎紧捆绑，最后在嫁接部位涂抹愈合剂，用保鲜膜包紧，即可；嫁接结束后立即给苗床浇足水分，覆盖6层遮阳网，并于6天后撤去部分遮阳网，留下1层遮阳网，嫁接后及时抹除砧木上萌发的侧芽。所述嫁接时间为3月。
所述愈合剂包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成：水150份、紫茉莉提取物0.3份、脱落酸0.06份、脱乙酰壳多糖0.6份、阿拉伯胶16份、蔗糖11份、农用链霉素2份、谷胱甘肽0.05份和维生素C 0.7份。
所述紫茉莉提取物的制备方法为：将紫茉莉花瓣粉碎，加入7重量倍的70％的乙醇溶液中超声波提取25min，避光静置1.5h，抽滤，收集滤液，并将滤渣按照上述操作重复提取3次，合并滤液，将滤液浓缩、干燥，即得。
对比试验：
为了说明本发明效果，申请人做了以下试验，分别布设试验组1、试验组2、试验组3、对照组1、对照组2、对照组3、对照组4共7个小组。试验组1、试验组2、试验组3分别采用实施例1、实施例2、实施例3的方法嫁接辣椒；对照组1未使用愈合剂处理嫁接部位，其他步骤均与实施例3相同；对照组2使用的愈合剂中不含紫茉莉提取物，其他步骤均与实施例3相同；对照组3使用的愈合剂中不含脱落酸和脱乙酰壳多糖，其他步骤均与实施例3相同；对照组4使用的愈合剂中不含阿拉伯胶和蔗糖，其他步骤均与实施例3相同。嫁接后统计各组小苗伤口开始愈合时间和成活率，统计结果见表1：
表1
从表1可以看出本发明采用特制愈合剂处理嫁接部位，解决了嫁接苗伤口易感染，成活率低的问题，可加快伤口愈合，提高嫁接成活率，嫁接后10-15天开始愈合，成活率高达94.2-98.0％，得到的嫁接苗植株健壮且长势好。同时，本发明紫茉莉提取物、脱落酸、脱乙酰壳多糖、阿拉伯胶、蔗糖、农用链霉素、谷胱甘肽、维生素C共同作用进一步提高了愈合剂的使用效果，加快了伤口愈合速度。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明，但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围，凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更，均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种辣椒的嫁接方法，包括砧木培育、接穗选择、嫁接、嫁接后管理，其特征在于：所述嫁接是以高抗土传病害的野生选育辣椒为砧木，以常规品种辣椒为接穗进行嫁接；砧木苗长出5-6片真叶、接穗苗长出6-8片真叶时开始嫁接，嫁接时先用刀片在砧木苗第2-3片真叶的上方横切，除去腋芽，得一个平滑切口，并于所述平滑切口自上而下垂直切一个0.5-1cm深的刀口，然后选择健壮接穗苗，在接穗苗第4-5片真叶处剪下枝条，剪掉枝条的部分叶片，保留2-3片真叶，并将切口处削成削面长与砧木刀口大小相等的楔形，接着将接穗插入砧木切口处，使砧木与接穗插口相吻合，并用细绳扎紧捆绑，最后在嫁接部位涂抹愈合剂，用保鲜膜包紧，即可；
所述愈合剂包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成：水100-200份、紫茉莉提取物0.1-0.7份、脱落酸0.05-0.07份、脱乙酰壳多糖0.3-0.8份、阿拉伯胶10-17份、蔗糖7-13份、农用链霉素1-4份、谷胱甘肽0.02-0.08份和维生素C 0.3-0.9份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣椒的嫁接方法，其特征在于：所述紫茉莉提取物的制备方法为：将紫茉莉花瓣粉碎，加入5-8重量倍的60-75％的乙醇溶液中超声波提取20-30min，避光静置1-2h，抽滤，收集滤液，并将滤渣按照上述操作重复提取2-3次，合并滤液，将滤液浓缩、干燥，即得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣椒的嫁接方法，其特征在于：所述愈合剂包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成：水150份、紫茉莉提取物0.3份、脱落酸0.06份、脱乙酰壳多糖0.6份、阿拉伯胶16份、蔗糖11份、农用链霉素2份、谷胱甘肽0.05份和维生素C 0.7份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣椒的嫁接方法，其特征在于：嫁接结束后立即给苗床浇足水分，覆盖6-7层遮阳网，并于4-6天后撤去部分遮阳网，留下1-2层遮阳网即可。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣椒的嫁接方法，其特征在于：所述嫁接方法还包括嫁接后及时抹除砧木上萌发的侧芽的步骤。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣椒的嫁接方法，其特征在于：所述嫁接时间为2-3月。
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