CN108617302A - 一种提高辣椒嫁接成活率的方法 - Google Patents

一种提高辣椒嫁接成活率的方法 Download PDF

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CN108617302A
CN108617302A CN201810277381.6A CN201810277381A CN108617302A CN 108617302 A CN108617302 A CN 108617302A CN 201810277381 A CN201810277381 A CN 201810277381A CN 108617302 A CN108617302 A CN 108617302A
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杨奕文
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    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/06—Coniferophyta [gymnosperms], e.g. cypress

Abstract

本发明公开了一种提高辣椒嫁接成活率的方法，涉及种植技术领域。所述嫁接时先在砧木苗第2‑3片真叶的上方切掉腋芽，得一个平滑切口，并于切口自上而下垂直切一个刀口，然后选择健壮接穗苗，在接穗苗第4‑5片真叶处剪下枝条，并削成与砧木刀口大小相等的楔形，接着将接穗插入砧木切口处，使砧木与接穗插口相吻合，最后在嫁接部位涂抹愈合剂，用保鲜膜包紧；所述愈合剂包括以下原料：水、香柏提取物、脱落酸、寡聚半乳糖醛酸、黄芪胶、蔗糖、多抗霉素、谷胱甘肽和维生素C。本发明采用特制愈合剂处理嫁接部位，解决了嫁接苗伤口易感染，成活率低的问题，可加快伤口愈合，提高嫁接成活率。

Description

一种提高辣椒嫁接成活率的方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及种植技术领域，具体涉及一种提高辣椒嫁接成活率的方法。
【背景技术】
近年来辣椒种植规模的扩大，辣椒病害发生越来越严重，加上辣椒连作障碍，青枯病、疫病、根结线虫病、病毒病等土传病害的危害加剧，导致辣椒产量降低，轻者减产20-30％，重者导致绝收，严重挫伤种植户的积极性。采用农业防治和化学药剂防治虽可起到一定作用，但效果不理想，通过嫁接方法是最经济、有效安全的方法，选择好嫁接方法是保证嫁接苗成活的关键。现阶段辣椒的嫁接方法有斜切平夹法、斜切针接法、劈接捆扎法和劈接平夹法。但由于嫁接技术水平和气候条件等诸多因素的影响，嫁接后易感染和腐烂，伤口愈合速度慢，成活率低，因此，加快伤口愈合，提高嫁接成活率是当前需要解决的问题。而当前的嫁接后使用的伤口愈合剂效果不显著，伤口愈合速度慢，且容易被雨水冲掉失效。
【发明内容】
针对上述问题，本发明提供了一种提高辣椒嫁接成活率的方法，该方法可加快伤口愈合速度，效果显著，提高嫁接成活率。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种提高辣椒嫁接成活率的方法，包括砧木培育、接穗选择、嫁接、嫁接后管理，所述嫁接是以高抗土传病害的野生选育辣椒为砧木，以常规品种辣椒为接穗进行嫁接；砧木苗长出5-6片真叶、接穗苗长出6-8片真叶时开始嫁接，嫁接时先用刀片在砧木苗第2-3片真叶的上方横切，除去腋芽，得一个平滑切口，并于所述平滑切口自上而下垂直切一个0.5-1cm深的刀口，然后选择健壮接穗苗，在接穗苗第4-5片真叶处剪下枝条，剪掉枝条的部分叶片，保留2-3片真叶，并将切口处削成削面长与砧木刀口大小相等的楔形，接着将接穗插入砧木切口处，使砧木与接穗插口相吻合，并用细绳扎紧捆绑，最后在嫁接部位涂抹愈合剂，用保鲜膜包紧，即可；
所述愈合剂包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成：水100-200份、香柏提取物0.4-0.9份、脱落酸0.05-0.07份、寡聚半乳糖醛酸0.1-0.5份、黄芪胶15-19份、蔗糖7-13份、多抗霉素1-7份、谷胱甘肽0.02-0.08份和维生素C 0.3-0.9份。
进一步地，所述香柏提取物的制备方法为：将香柏叶片粉碎，加入10-20重量倍的水中煎煮1-2h，过滤，得滤液，取滤渣，加入5-10重量倍的水继续煎煮1-2h，过滤取滤液，合并滤液，浓缩、喷雾干燥，即得。
较优的，所述愈合剂包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成：水150份、香柏提取物0.8份、脱落酸0.06份、寡聚半乳糖醛酸0.2份、黄芪胶16份、蔗糖11份、多抗霉素4份、谷胱甘肽0.05份和维生素C 0.6份。
进一步地，嫁接结束后立即给苗床浇足水分，覆盖6-7层遮阳网，并于4-6天后撤去部分遮阳网，留下1-2层遮阳网即可。
进一步地，所述嫁接方法还包括嫁接后及时抹除砧木上萌发的侧芽的步骤。
进一步地，所述嫁接时间为2-3月。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明采用特制愈合剂处理嫁接部位，解决了嫁接苗伤口易感染，成活率低的问题，可加快伤口愈合，提高嫁接成活率，嫁接后10-15天开始愈合，成活率高达94.3-97.4％，得到的嫁接苗植株健壮且长势好。
(2)本发明愈合剂由香柏提取物、脱落酸、寡聚半乳糖醛酸、黄芪胶、蔗糖、多抗霉素、谷胱甘肽、维生素C与水混制而成，其中香柏提取物、寡聚半乳糖醛酸、脱落酸和蔗糖均可加快细胞增殖，加快愈伤组织的分化，刺激伤口愈合；黄芪胶具有粘合作用，可保湿、防风干，保持嫁接口的湿润，防止干枯死忙；多抗霉素和寡聚半乳糖醛酸均具有抗菌作用，可防止病菌滋生；谷胱甘肽和维生素C均具有解毒和抗氧化作用，可提高植物细胞活力，加速新陈代谢，减缓细胞的衰老和死亡速度；因此香柏提取物、脱落酸、寡聚半乳糖醛酸、黄芪胶、蔗糖、多抗霉素、谷胱甘肽、维生素C共同作用进一步提高了愈合剂的使用效果，加快了伤口愈合速度。
【具体实施方式】
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例一种提高辣椒嫁接成活率的方法，包括砧木培育、接穗选择、嫁接、嫁接后管理，所述嫁接是以高抗土传病害的野生选育辣椒为砧木，以常规品种辣椒为接穗进行嫁接；砧木苗长出5片真叶、接穗苗长出6片真叶时开始嫁接，嫁接时先用刀片在砧木苗第2片真叶的上方横切，除去腋芽，得一个平滑切口，并于所述平滑切口自上而下垂直切一个0.5cm深的刀口，然后选择健壮接穗苗，在接穗苗第4片真叶处剪下枝条，剪掉枝条的部分叶片，保留2片真叶，并将切口处削成削面长与砧木刀口大小相等的楔形，接着将接穗插入砧木切口处，使砧木与接穗插口相吻合，并用细绳扎紧捆绑，最后在嫁接部位涂抹愈合剂，用保鲜膜包紧，即可；嫁接结束后立即给苗床浇足水分，覆盖6层遮阳网，并于4天后撤去部分遮阳网，留下1层遮阳网，嫁接后及时抹除砧木上萌发的侧芽；所述嫁接时间为2月。
所述愈合剂包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成：水100份、香柏提取物0.4份、脱落酸0.05份、寡聚半乳糖醛酸0.1份、黄芪胶15份、蔗糖7份、多抗霉素1份、谷胱甘肽0.02份和维生素C 0.3份。
所述香柏提取物的制备方法为：将香柏叶片粉碎，加入10重量倍的水中煎煮1h，过滤，得滤液，取滤渣，加入5重量倍的水继续煎煮1h，过滤取滤液，合并滤液，浓缩、喷雾干燥，即得。
实施例2
本实施例一种提高辣椒嫁接成活率的方法，包括砧木培育、接穗选择、嫁接、嫁接后管理，所述嫁接是以高抗土传病害的野生选育辣椒为砧木，以常规品种辣椒为接穗进行嫁接；砧木苗长出6片真叶、接穗苗长出8片真叶时开始嫁接，嫁接时先用刀片在砧木苗第3片真叶的上方横切，除去腋芽，得一个平滑切口，并于所述平滑切口自上而下垂直切一个1cm深的刀口，然后选择健壮接穗苗，在接穗苗第5片真叶处剪下枝条，剪掉枝条的部分叶片，保留3片真叶，并将切口处削成削面长与砧木刀口大小相等的楔形，接着将接穗插入砧木切口处，使砧木与接穗插口相吻合，并用细绳扎紧捆绑，最后在嫁接部位涂抹愈合剂，用保鲜膜包紧，即可；嫁接结束后立即给苗床浇足水分，覆盖7层遮阳网，并于6天后撤去部分遮阳网，留下2层遮阳网，嫁接后及时抹除砧木上萌发的侧芽。所述嫁接时间为3月。
所述愈合剂包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成：水200份、香柏提取物0.9份、脱落酸0.07份、寡聚半乳糖醛酸0.5份、黄芪胶19份、蔗糖13份、多抗霉素7份、谷胱甘肽0.08份和维生素C 0.9份。
所述香柏提取物的制备方法为：将香柏叶片粉碎，加入20重量倍的水中煎煮2h，过滤，得滤液，取滤渣，加入10重量倍的水继续煎煮2h，过滤取滤液，合并滤液，浓缩、喷雾干燥，即得。
实施例3
本实施例一种提高辣椒嫁接成活率的方法，包括砧木培育、接穗选择、嫁接、嫁接后管理，所述嫁接是以高抗土传病害的野生选育辣椒为砧木，以常规品种辣椒为接穗进行嫁接；砧木苗长出6片真叶、接穗苗长出8片真叶时开始嫁接，嫁接时先用刀片在砧木苗第3片真叶的上方横切，除去腋芽，得一个平滑切口，并于所述平滑切口自上而下垂直切一个0.8cm深的刀口，然后选择健壮接穗苗，在接穗苗第5片真叶处剪下枝条，剪掉枝条的部分叶片，保留3片真叶，并将切口处削成削面长与砧木刀口大小相等的楔形，接着将接穗插入砧木切口处，使砧木与接穗插口相吻合，并用细绳扎紧捆绑，最后在嫁接部位涂抹愈合剂，用保鲜膜包紧，即可；嫁接结束后立即给苗床浇足水分，覆盖6层遮阳网，并于6天后撤去部分遮阳网，留下1层遮阳网，嫁接后及时抹除砧木上萌发的侧芽。所述嫁接时间为3月。
所述愈合剂包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成：水150份、香柏提取物0.8份、脱落酸0.06份、寡聚半乳糖醛酸0.2份、黄芪胶16份、蔗糖11份、多抗霉素4份、谷胱甘肽0.05份和维生素C 0.6份。
所述香柏提取物的制备方法为：将香柏叶片粉碎，加入15重量倍的水中煎煮1.5h，过滤，得滤液，取滤渣，加入8重量倍的水继续煎煮1.5h，过滤取滤液，合并滤液，浓缩、喷雾干燥，即得。
对比试验：
为了说明本发明效果，申请人做了以下试验，分别布设试验组1、试验组2、试验组3、对照组1、对照组2、对照组3、对照组4共7个小组。试验组1、试验组2、试验组3分别采用实施例1、实施例2、实施例3的方法嫁接辣椒；对照组1未使用愈合剂处理嫁接部位，其他步骤均与实施例3相同；对照组2使用的愈合剂中不含香柏提取物，其他步骤均与实施例3相同；对照组3使用的愈合剂中不含脱落酸和寡聚半乳糖醛酸，其他步骤均与实施例3相同；对照组4使用的愈合剂中不含黄芪胶和蔗糖，其他步骤均与实施例3相同。嫁接后统计各组小苗伤口开始愈合时间和成活率，统计结果见表1：
表1
从表1可以看出本发明采用特制愈合剂处理嫁接部位，解决了嫁接苗伤口易感染，成活率低的问题，可加快伤口愈合，提高嫁接成活率，嫁接后10-15天开始愈合，成活率高达94.3-97.4％，得到的嫁接苗植株健壮且长势好。同时，本发明香柏提取物、脱落酸、寡聚半乳糖醛酸、黄芪胶、蔗糖、多抗霉素、谷胱甘肽、维生素C共同作用进一步提高了愈合剂的使用效果，加快了伤口愈合速度。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明，但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围，凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更，均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种提高辣椒嫁接成活率的方法，包括砧木培育、接穗选择、嫁接、嫁接后管理，其特征在于：所述嫁接是以高抗土传病害的野生选育辣椒为砧木，以常规品种辣椒为接穗进行嫁接；砧木苗长出5-6片真叶、接穗苗长出6-8片真叶时开始嫁接，嫁接时先用刀片在砧木苗第2-3片真叶的上方横切，除去腋芽，得一个平滑切口，并于所述平滑切口自上而下垂直切一个0.5-1cm深的刀口，然后选择健壮接穗苗，在接穗苗第4-5片真叶处剪下枝条，剪掉枝条的部分叶片，保留2-3片真叶，并将切口处削成削面长与砧木刀口大小相等的楔形，接着将接穗插入砧木切口处，使砧木与接穗插口相吻合，并用细绳扎紧捆绑，最后在嫁接部位涂抹愈合剂，用保鲜膜包紧，即可；
所述愈合剂包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成：水100-200份、香柏提取物0.4-0.9份、脱落酸0.05-0.07份、寡聚半乳糖醛酸0.1-0.5份、黄芪胶15-19份、蔗糖7-13份、多抗霉素1-7份、谷胱甘肽0.02-0.08份和维生素C 0.3-0.9份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高辣椒嫁接成活率的方法，其特征在于：所述香柏提取物的制备方法为：将香柏叶片粉碎，加入10-20重量倍的水中煎煮1-2h，过滤，得滤液，取滤渣，加入5-10重量倍的水继续煎煮1-2h，过滤取滤液，合并滤液，浓缩、喷雾干燥，即得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高辣椒嫁接成活率的方法，其特征在于：所述愈合剂包括以下重量份数的原料混制而成：水150份、香柏提取物0.8份、脱落酸0.06份、寡聚半乳糖醛酸0.2份、黄芪胶16份、蔗糖11份、多抗霉素4份、谷胱甘肽0.05份和维生素C 0.6份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高辣椒嫁接成活率的方法，其特征在于：嫁接结束后立即给苗床浇足水分，覆盖6-7层遮阳网，并于4-6天后撤去部分遮阳网，留下1-2层遮阳网即可。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高辣椒嫁接成活率的方法，其特征在于：所述嫁接方法还包括嫁接后及时抹除砧木上萌发的侧芽的步骤。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高辣椒嫁接成活率的方法，其特征在于：所述嫁接时间为2-3月。
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