CN108675763B - Ceramic shower basin produced by using wastes and production method thereof - Google Patents
Ceramic shower basin produced by using wastes and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108675763B CN108675763B CN201810571692.3A CN201810571692A CN108675763B CN 108675763 B CN108675763 B CN 108675763B CN 201810571692 A CN201810571692 A CN 201810571692A CN 108675763 B CN108675763 B CN 108675763B
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000029305 taxis Effects 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Galacturonsaeure Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-WAXACMCWSA-N alpha-D-glucuronic acid Chemical compound O[C@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-WAXACMCWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940032147 starch Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007728 cost analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013070 direct material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052875 vesuvianite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1324—Recycled material, e.g. tile dust, stone waste, spent refractory material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
- A47K3/00—Baths; Douches; Appurtenances therefor
- A47K3/02—Baths
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
- A47K3/00—Baths; Douches; Appurtenances therefor
- A47K3/28—Showers or bathing douches
- A47K3/40—Pans or trays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/1305—Organic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/1315—Non-ceramic binders
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/32—Burning methods
- C04B33/34—Burning methods combined with glazing
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/634—Polymers
- C04B35/63404—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B35/63416—Polyvinylalcohols [PVA]; Polyvinylacetates
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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- C04B35/636—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
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- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
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- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ceramic shower basin produced by utilizing wastes, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-65 parts of quartz waste sand, 10-15 parts of waste porcelain, 10-15 parts of clay, 4-6 parts of raw material, 5-8 parts of feldspar, 8 parts of coal gangue, 0.5 part of talc and 0.5 part of electrolyte; the electrolyte consists of water glass and soda ash, and the mixing ratio is 3: 2. the ceramic shower basin comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.1-0.5 part of carboxymethyl starch, 0.2-0.4 part of sodium tripolyphosphate and 4-8 parts of montmorillonite. Crushing the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin to be less than 3mm, and putting the raw materials into a ball mill for ball milling for 12-13 hours to obtain blank slurry; performing slip casting on the blank slurry, and glazing the formed product; and sintering after glazing to obtain the finished ceramic shower basin. The invention can use a great deal of quartz waste sand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sanitary ceramics, and relates to a ceramic shower basin produced by using wastes and a production method thereof.
Background
Along with the continuous improvement of the living standard of the materials of people, the market raises the demand on sanitary equipment and shows an increasing trend, and the demand structure is continuously transited to the middle-grade and the high-grade. Clean, sanitary and convenient shower rooms are seen to enter ordinary families. The shower room chassis (shower tray) is mainly made of acrylic (plastic) in China. Ceramic products are generally adopted to replace the shower basin in foreign countries (developed countries), and the ceramic shower basin has the characteristics of being more sanitary, durable, non-deformable, convenient to scrub and the like. According to the reflection of Spanish investment businessmen, 100 million pieces are needed in European market, and the ceramic is produced abroad at present, and the production cost is relatively high because the ceramic production is an industry with resource consumption and labor intensity. With the addition of world trade organization in China, the national sanitary china is shifted from domestic production to import in China, wherein the sanitary china comprises a shower tray. The shower basin generally adopts the traditional sanitary porcelain production formula and process, and has high product cost and low product grade.
A large amount of quartz waste sand is generated in the production process of a glass factory, and the quartz waste sand is used as an auxiliary material of a building material in some utilization methods at present, but the utilization rate is limited. The sanitary ceramics need a large amount of quartz rock ores in the production process, the cost of raw materials is high, and the research on the aspect of producing the sanitary ceramics by using waste quartz sand is not seen at home at present.
Ceramic showers are large in shape, size and mass and consume a large amount of mineral resources and fuel energy. The thicker it is, the greater the mass is, the greater the raw material and energy consumption is, and the higher the production cost is. According to the calculation of the national sanitary ceramic yield in 2010, if the quality of the existing product is reduced by 10 percent, more than 30 million tons of high-quality raw materials and about 2 hundred million m are saved each year3The natural gas of (1). In order to reduce the production cost, reduce the labor intensity, improve the labor efficiency, save limited mineral resources and fuel energy, the necessary requirement for sustainable development of the sanitary ceramic industry is to develop thin-wall lightweight sanitary ceramic products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ceramic shower basin and a production method thereof.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize:
the ceramic shower basin is produced by utilizing wastes, and the ceramic shower basin comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40-65 parts of quartz waste sand, 10-15 parts of waste porcelain, 10-15 parts of clay, 4-6 parts of raw material, 5-8 parts of feldspar, 8 parts of coal gangue, 0.5 part of talc and 0.5 part of electrolyte;
the electrolyte consists of water glass and soda ash, and the mixing ratio is 3: 2.
preferably, the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin also comprise the following components in parts by weight:
0.1-0.5 part of carboxymethyl starch, 0.2-0.4 part of sodium tripolyphosphate and 4-8 parts of montmorillonite.
Preferably, the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin also comprise the following components in parts by weight:
0.1-0.4 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-5 parts of sodium alginate and 0.1-0.5 part of xanthan gum.
The production method of the ceramic shower basin produced by using the wastes comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin to be less than 3mm, and putting the raw materials into a ball mill for ball milling for 12-13 hours to obtain blank slurry;
2) performing slip casting on the blank slurry, and glazing the formed product;
3) and sintering after glazing to obtain the finished ceramic shower basin.
Preferably, the water content of the blank slurry in the step 1) is 28-29%, and the specific gravity of the blank slurry is more than or equal to 1.80g/cm3The pH value of the blank slurry is 7-9, and the content of particles with the granularity gradation D of less than 10um is 45-50 percent; screening residue of blank slurry: the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 2.5 percent; stock flow properties (100 ml): the thickness coefficient of 34.6-47.5s is 1.1-1.2
Preferably, the glaze used for glazing in the step 2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-55 parts of quartz waste sand, 10-15 parts of kaolin, 5-8 parts of montmorillonite, 3-10 parts of titanium oxide, 5-8 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 10-12 parts of clay, 1-2 parts of sodium nitrate, 1-2 parts of boric acid, 5-8 parts of volcanic rock and 8-15 parts of pigment.
Further preferably, the glaze slip prepared from the glaze contains 30-32% of water; the specific gravity rho of the glaze slip is 1.78-1.80; the pH value of the glaze slip is 7-9; the particle size distribution D of the glaze slip is less than 10um, and the accumulated content of the particles is 60-65%; the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 0.5 percent; the flow property (100ml) is 15.6-17.5 s.
Preferably, the firing conditions in the step 3) are as follows: heating to 600-800 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5-8 minutes, heating to 1050-1200 ℃ at the speed of 3-10 ℃/10min, preserving heat, firing for 6-8 hours, and finally cooling to normal temperature at the speed of 1-5 ℃/10min to obtain the high-strength wear-resistant ceramic product. Preferably, the firing in the step 3) adopts three-dimensional firing, one side surface of the ceramic shower basin is in contact with the kiln car, and the ceramic shower basin is vertically or obliquely arranged on the kiln car and supported by the support cushion.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the utilization of industrial wastes, namely the quartz waste sand in the glass industry, is regarded as a waste for a long time, and the waste is piled in fields and sloping fields in large quantity, occupies a large amount of fields, and can generate sand dust in windy seasons, pollute the environment and cause desertification of partial fields. The research of production test proves that: the quartz powder can completely replace quartz raw materials in a formula for producing the ceramic shower basin, and the addition amount reaches 40-65 parts, so that the waste is changed into valuable, the resources are comprehensively utilized, the cost is reduced, the environment is improved, and the benefit is improved. The method plays an immeasurable role in comprehensive utilization of waste resources and environmental protection. The ceramic shower tray is successfully produced by using industrial wastes, so that the waste quartz sand pile of a glass plant is relieved, and the waste sand is not required to be treated by investing manpower and material resources. Not only reduces the cost, but also governs the environment.
2. By adopting the three-dimensional loading and burning technology, the quantity of the shower trays loaded in each kiln car is increased by 10 times compared with that of the shower trays loaded in the traditional method, namely the quantity of the shower trays loaded in each kiln car is increased from 2-3 conventional units to 10-20 conventional units. Greatly reduces the energy consumption and improves the space utilization rate of the kiln. The production cost of the ceramic shower basin is reduced.
3. The shower basin is produced by using industrial wastes, the direct material cost of the product is reduced due to the addition of the waste sand, and the processing cost is saved due to the fine waste sand. Compared with the traditional mode for producing the shower basin, the production cost is greatly reduced.
4. Economic benefits are as follows: 1) sales revenue: the product is calculated 140 yuan/piece according to the market conservation price, the annual output reaches 40 ten thousand pieces, and the annual sales income reaches 5000 ten thousand yuan. 2) Cost analysis firstly, cost of a production factory: calculating according to 3.2 yuan/KG porcelain and 30KG of each product, wherein the production cost of each product is 96 yuan, the annual production cost is 3840 ten thousand yuan, the depreciation capital is 150 ten thousand yuan, and the period cost is as follows: A. financial cost. Newly adding 500 ten thousand yuan of mobile fund and 50 ten thousand yuan of annual financial cost; B. and (3) sale expense: the salary and other goods of warehouse personnel and business personnel are provided by 5 percent, and the annual sales cost is 250 ten thousand yuan; C. and (4) managing cost: the method is improved according to the proportion of 8 percent, and the annual management cost is 400 ten thousand yuan. The period cost is 700 ten thousand yuan. 3) And (3) economic benefit analysis: adding new taxes (value-added taxes are 4% and other taxes are 4%): 5000 x 8% ═ 400 ten thousand yuan; secondly, profit level: 5000-3840-700-460 ten thousand yuan; thirdly, collecting the obtained tax by reducing 33% by half: 460 ten thousand 33%/2 is 75.9 ten thousand yuan; fourthly, profit can be distributed; 460 ten thousand yuan-75.9 ten thousand yuan 384 ten thousand yuan
5. The product quality reaches the GB 6952-2005 sanitary ceramic standard.
6. The waste quartz sand in the glass industry is fired at high temperature for more than one time, so that the ceramic bathtub has low radioactivity, no toxicity and no pollution.
7. According to the invention, carboxymethyl starch, sodium alginate, xanthan gum and montmorillonite are used as reinforcing agents and binding agents of the green body as raw materials, and the coal gangue is added to be used as electrolyte and reinforcing agents, so that the fluidity of slurry can be effectively increased, and the coal gangue can act together with montmorillonite minerals, and the green body strength and the ceramic forming strength are further enhanced by adopting an inorganic and organic combination mode; xanthan gum is added on the basis of carboxymethyl cellulose, the aqueous solution of sodium alginate has high viscosity, and the sodium alginate contains Ca2 +、Sr2+Na on G unit in the presence of an isocation+And carrying out ion exchange reaction with divalent cations, and stacking the G units to form a cross-linked network structure, thereby forming a network structure. The side chain of the xanthan gum is formed by alternately connecting D-mannose and D-glucuronic acid, the D-mannose and the D-glucuronic acid are decomposed by reaction at 60 ℃ to generate D-glucose sol gel, raw materials such as quartz waste sand, waste porcelain, clay, coal gangue, talc, electrolyte and the like are added, then the hydroxyl of a D-glucose branched chain and metal cations generate stable precursors, and the composite ceramic raw material is obtained by calcining, and the composite ceramic raw material has uniform ceramic particle size, good dispersibility and high strength. The combination effect of the carboxymethyl starch, the sodium alginate, the xanthan gum and the montmorillonite greatly reduces the firing time to about 8 hours on the basis of 15 hours of firing in the prior art, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
8. The glaze comprises industrial quartz waste sand, kaolin, montmorillonite, titanium oxide, sodium fluosilicate, clay, titanium dioxide, sodium nitrate, boric acid and vesuvianite as raw materials, wherein the industrial quartz waste sand has high usage amount, the prepared ceramic shower basin has high strength and wear resistance, and the glass industrial quartz waste sand is fired at high temperature more than once, so that the glaze has low radioactivity, is nontoxic and pollution-free; kaolin, montmorillonite, sepiolite, titanium oxide, sodium fluosilicate and other raw materials can improve the adhesion of the glaze on the blank; during firing, silicon oxide and aluminum oxide in the raw materials undergo a complex reaction with various compounds in other raw materials to produce silicates with compact structures, so that the strength and wear resistance of the fired ceramic are further improved.
Detailed Description
The ceramic shower basin is produced by utilizing wastes, and the ceramic shower basin comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40-65 parts of quartz waste sand, 10-15 parts of waste porcelain, 10-15 parts of clay, 4-6 parts of raw material, 5-8 parts of feldspar, 8 parts of coal gangue, 0.5 part of talc and 0.5 part of electrolyte;
the electrolyte consists of water glass and soda ash, and the mixing ratio is 3: 2.
preferably, the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin also comprise the following components in parts by weight:
0.1-0.5 part of carboxymethyl starch, 0.2-0.4 part of sodium tripolyphosphate and 4-8 parts of montmorillonite.
Preferably, the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin also comprise the following components in parts by weight:
0.1-0.4 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-5 parts of sodium alginate and 0.1-0.5 part of xanthan gum.
The production method of the ceramic shower basin produced by using the wastes comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin to be less than 3mm, and putting the raw materials into a ball mill for ball milling for 12-13 hours to obtain blank slurry;
2) performing slip casting on the blank slurry, and glazing the formed product;
3) and sintering after glazing to obtain the finished ceramic shower basin.
Preferably, the water content of the blank slurry in the step 1) is 28-29%, and the specific gravity of the blank slurry is more than or equal to 1.80g/cm3The pH value of the blank slurry is 7-9, and the content of particles with the granularity gradation D of less than 10um is 45-50 percent; screening residue of blank slurry: the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 2.5 percent; stock flow properties (100 ml): the thickness coefficient of 34.6-47.5s is 1.1-1.2
Preferably, the glaze used for glazing in the step 2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-55 parts of quartz waste sand, 10-15 parts of kaolin, 5-8 parts of montmorillonite, 3-10 parts of titanium oxide, 5-8 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 10-12 parts of clay, 1-2 parts of sodium nitrate, 1-2 parts of boric acid, 5-8 parts of volcanic rock and 8-15 parts of pigment.
Further preferably, the glaze slip prepared from the glaze contains 30-32% of water; the specific gravity rho of the glaze slip is 1.78-1.80; the pH value of the glaze slip is 7-9; the particle size distribution D of the glaze slip is less than 10um, and the accumulated content of the particles is 60-65%; the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 0.5 percent; the flow property (100ml) is 15.6-17.5 s.
Preferably, the firing conditions in the step 3) are as follows: heating to 600-800 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5-8 minutes, heating to 1050-1200 ℃ at the speed of 3-10 ℃/10min, preserving heat, firing for 6-8 hours, and finally cooling to normal temperature at the speed of 1-5 ℃/10min to obtain the high-strength wear-resistant ceramic product. Preferably, the firing in the step 3) adopts three-dimensional firing, one side surface of the ceramic shower basin is in contact with the kiln car, and the ceramic shower basin is vertically or obliquely arranged on the kiln car and supported by the support cushion.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the scope of the invention as claimed is not limited to the scope of the examples.
Example 1
The ceramic shower basin is produced by utilizing wastes, and the ceramic shower basin comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40 parts of quartz waste sand, 10 parts of waste porcelain, 10 parts of clay, 4 parts of raw material, 5 parts of feldspar, 8 parts of coal gangue, 0.5 part of talc and 0.5 part of electrolyte;
the electrolyte consists of water glass and soda ash, and the mixing ratio is 3: 2.
preferably, the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin also comprise the following components in parts by weight:
0.1 part of carboxymethyl starch, 0.2 part of sodium tripolyphosphate and 4 parts of montmorillonite.
Preferably, the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin also comprise the following components in parts by weight:
0.1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5 part of sodium alginate and 0.1 part of xanthan gum.
The production method of the ceramic shower basin produced by using the wastes comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin to be less than 3mm, and putting the raw materials into a ball mill for ball milling for 12-13 hours to obtain blank slurry;
2) performing slip casting on the blank slurry, and glazing the formed product;
3) and sintering after glazing to obtain the finished ceramic shower basin.
Preferably, the water content of the blank slurry in the step 1) is 28-29%, and the specific gravity of the blank slurry is more than or equal to 1.80g/cm3The pH value of the blank slurry is 7-9, and the content of particles with the granularity gradation D of less than 10um is 45-50 percent; screening residue of blank slurry: the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 2.5 percent; stock flow properties (100 ml): the thickness coefficient of 34.6-47.5s is 1.1-1.2
Preferably, the glaze used for glazing in the step 2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of quartz waste sand, 10 parts of kaolin, 5 parts of montmorillonite, 3 parts of titanium oxide, 5 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 10 parts of clay, 1 part of sodium nitrate, 1 part of boric acid, 5 parts of volcanic rock and 8 parts of pigment.
Further preferably, the glaze slip prepared from the glaze contains 30-32% of water; the specific gravity rho of the glaze slip is 1.78-1.80; the pH value of the glaze slip is 7-9; the particle size distribution D of the glaze slip is less than 10um, and the accumulated content of the particles is 60-65%; the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 0.5 percent; the flow property (100ml) is 15.6-17.5 s.
Preferably, the firing conditions in the step 3) are as follows: heating to 600 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5 minutes, heating to 1050 ℃ at the speed of 3-10 ℃/10min, preserving heat, firing for 6 hours, and finally cooling to normal temperature at the speed of 1-5 ℃/10min to obtain the high-strength wear-resistant ceramic product. Preferably, the firing in the step 3) adopts three-dimensional firing, one side surface of the ceramic shower basin is in contact with the kiln car, and the ceramic shower basin is vertically or obliquely arranged on the kiln car and supported by the support cushion.
Example 2
The ceramic shower basin is produced by utilizing wastes, and the ceramic shower basin comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
65 parts of quartz waste sand, 15 parts of waste porcelain, 15 parts of clay, 6 parts of raw material, 8 parts of feldspar, 8 parts of coal gangue, 0.5 part of talc and 0.5 part of electrolyte;
the electrolyte consists of water glass and soda ash, and the mixing ratio is 3: 2.
preferably, the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin also comprise the following components in parts by weight:
0.5 part of carboxymethyl starch, 0.4 part of sodium tripolyphosphate and 8 parts of montmorillonite.
Preferably, the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin also comprise the following components in parts by weight:
0.4 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of sodium alginate and 0.5 part of xanthan gum.
The production method of the ceramic shower basin produced by using the wastes comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin to be less than 3mm, and putting the raw materials into a ball mill for ball milling for 12-13 hours to obtain blank slurry;
2) performing slip casting on the blank slurry, and glazing the formed product;
3) and sintering after glazing to obtain the finished ceramic shower basin.
Preferably, the water content of the blank slurry in the step 1) is 28-29%, and the specific gravity of the blank slurry is more than or equal to 1.80g/cm3The pH value of the blank slurry is 7-9, and the content of particles with the granularity gradation D of less than 10um is 45-50 percent; screening residue of blank slurry: the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 2.5 percent; stock flow properties (100 ml): the thickness coefficient of 34.6-47.5s is 1.1-1.2
Preferably, the glaze used for glazing in the step 2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of quartz waste sand, 15 parts of kaolin, 8 parts of montmorillonite, 10 parts of titanium oxide, 8 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 12 parts of clay, 2 parts of sodium nitrate, 2 parts of boric acid, 8 parts of volcanic rock and 15 parts of pigment.
Further preferably, the glaze slip prepared from the glaze contains 30-32% of water; the specific gravity rho of the glaze slip is 1.78-1.80; the pH value of the glaze slip is 7-9; the particle size distribution D of the glaze slip is less than 10um, and the accumulated content of the particles is 60-65%; the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 0.5 percent; the flow property (100ml) is 15.6-17.5 s.
Preferably, the firing conditions in the step 3) are as follows: heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5-8 minutes, heating to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 3-10 ℃/10min, preserving heat, firing for 6 hours, and finally cooling to normal temperature at the speed of 1-5 ℃/10min to obtain the high-strength wear-resistant ceramic product. Preferably, the firing in the step 3) adopts three-dimensional firing, one side surface of the ceramic shower basin is in contact with the kiln car, and the ceramic shower basin is vertically or obliquely arranged on the kiln car and supported by the support cushion.
Example 3
The ceramic shower basin is produced by utilizing wastes, and the ceramic shower basin comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
55 parts of quartz waste sand, 12 parts of waste porcelain, 12 parts of clay, 5 parts of raw material, 6 parts of feldspar, 8 parts of coal gangue, 0.5 part of talc and 0.5 part of electrolyte;
the electrolyte consists of water glass and soda ash, and the mixing ratio is 3: 2.
preferably, the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin also comprise the following components in parts by weight:
0.3 part of carboxymethyl starch, 0.3 part of sodium tripolyphosphate and 6 parts of montmorillonite.
Preferably, the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin also comprise the following components in parts by weight:
0.3 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 2.5 parts of sodium alginate and 0.4 part of xanthan gum.
The production method of the ceramic shower basin produced by using the wastes comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin to be less than 3mm, and putting the raw materials into a ball mill for ball milling for 12-13 hours to obtain blank slurry;
2) performing slip casting on the blank slurry, and glazing the formed product;
3) and sintering after glazing to obtain the finished ceramic shower basin.
Preferably, the water content of the blank slurry in the step 1) is 28-29%, and the specific gravity of the blank slurry is more than or equal to 1.80g/cm3The pH value of the blank slurry is 7-9, and the granularity of the blank slurry is graded by DThe content of particles less than 10um is 45-50 percent; screening residue of blank slurry: the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 2.5 percent; stock flow properties (100 ml): the thickness coefficient of 34.6-47.5s is 1.1-1.2
Preferably, the glaze used for glazing in the step 2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of quartz waste sand, 12 parts of kaolin, 7 parts of montmorillonite, 8 parts of titanium oxide, 7 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 11 parts of clay, 1.5 parts of sodium nitrate, 1.5 parts of boric acid, 6 parts of volcanic rock and 12 parts of pigment.
Further preferably, the glaze slip prepared from the glaze contains 30-32% of water; the specific gravity rho of the glaze slip is 1.78-1.80; the pH value of the glaze slip is 7-9; the particle size distribution D of the glaze slip is less than 10um, and the accumulated content of the particles is 60-65%; the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 0.5 percent; the flow property (100ml) is 15.6-17.5 s.
Preferably, the firing conditions in the step 3) are as follows: heating to 700 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5-8 minutes, heating to 1150 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/10min, preserving heat, firing for 7 hours, and finally cooling to normal temperature at the speed of 4 ℃/10min to obtain the high-strength wear-resistant ceramic product. Preferably, the firing in the step 3) adopts three-dimensional firing, one side surface of the ceramic shower basin is in contact with the kiln car, and the ceramic shower basin is vertically or obliquely arranged on the kiln car and supported by the support cushion.
Example 4
The ceramic shower basin is produced by utilizing wastes, and the ceramic shower basin comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
55 parts of quartz waste sand, 12 parts of waste porcelain, 12 parts of clay, 5 parts of raw material, 6 parts of feldspar, 8 parts of coal gangue, 0.5 part of talc and 0.5 part of electrolyte;
the electrolyte consists of water glass and soda ash, and the mixing ratio is 3: 2.
preferably, the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin also comprise the following components in parts by weight:
0.3 part of carboxymethyl starch, 0.3 part of sodium tripolyphosphate and 6 parts of montmorillonite.
Preferably, the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin also comprise the following components in parts by weight:
0.3 part of polyvinyl alcohol and 2.5 parts of sodium alginate.
The production method of the ceramic shower basin produced by using the wastes comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin to be less than 3mm, and putting the raw materials into a ball mill for ball milling for 12-13 hours to obtain blank slurry;
2) performing slip casting on the blank slurry, and glazing the formed product;
3) and sintering after glazing to obtain the finished ceramic shower basin.
Preferably, the water content of the blank slurry in the step 1) is 28-29%, and the specific gravity of the blank slurry is more than or equal to 1.80g/cm3The pH value of the blank slurry is 7-9, and the content of particles with the granularity gradation D of less than 10um is 45-50 percent; screening residue of blank slurry: the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 2.5 percent; stock flow properties (100 ml): the thickness coefficient of 34.6-47.5s is 1.1-1.2
Preferably, the glaze used for glazing in the step 2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of quartz waste sand, 12 parts of kaolin, 7 parts of montmorillonite, 8 parts of titanium oxide, 7 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 11 parts of clay, 1.5 parts of sodium nitrate, 1.5 parts of boric acid, 6 parts of volcanic rock and 12 parts of pigment.
Further preferably, the glaze slip prepared from the glaze contains 30-32% of water; the specific gravity rho of the glaze slip is 1.78-1.80; the pH value of the glaze slip is 7-9; the particle size distribution D of the glaze slip is less than 10um, and the accumulated content of the particles is 60-65%; the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 0.5 percent; the flow property (100ml) is 15.6-17.5 s.
Preferably, the firing conditions in the step 3) are as follows: heating to 700 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5-8 minutes, heating to 1150 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/10min, preserving heat, firing for 7 hours, and finally cooling to normal temperature at the speed of 4 ℃/10min to obtain the high-strength wear-resistant ceramic product. Preferably, the firing in the step 3) adopts three-dimensional firing, one side surface of the ceramic shower basin is in contact with the kiln car, and the ceramic shower basin is vertically or obliquely arranged on the kiln car and supported by the support cushion.
Example 5
The ceramic shower basin is produced by utilizing wastes, and the ceramic shower basin comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
55 parts of quartz waste sand, 12 parts of waste porcelain, 12 parts of clay, 5 parts of raw material, 6 parts of feldspar, 8 parts of coal gangue, 0.5 part of talc and 0.5 part of electrolyte;
the electrolyte consists of water glass and soda ash, and the mixing ratio is 3: 2.
preferably, the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin also comprise the following components in parts by weight:
0.3 part of carboxymethyl starch, 0.3 part of sodium tripolyphosphate and 6 parts of montmorillonite.
Preferably, the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin also comprise the following components in parts by weight:
0.3 part of polyvinyl alcohol.
The production method of the ceramic shower basin produced by using the wastes comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin to be less than 3mm, and putting the raw materials into a ball mill for ball milling for 12-13 hours to obtain blank slurry;
2) performing slip casting on the blank slurry, and glazing the formed product;
3) and sintering after glazing to obtain the finished ceramic shower basin.
Preferably, the water content of the blank slurry in the step 1) is 28-29%, and the specific gravity of the blank slurry is more than or equal to 1.80g/cm3The pH value of the blank slurry is 7-9, and the content of particles with the granularity gradation D of less than 10um is 45-50 percent; screening residue of blank slurry: the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 2.5 percent; stock flow properties (100 ml): the thickness coefficient of 34.6-47.5s is 1.1-1.2
Preferably, the glaze used for glazing in the step 2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of quartz waste sand, 12 parts of kaolin, 7 parts of montmorillonite, 8 parts of titanium oxide, 7 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 11 parts of clay, 1.5 parts of sodium nitrate, 1.5 parts of boric acid, 6 parts of volcanic rock and 12 parts of pigment.
Further preferably, the glaze slip prepared from the glaze contains 30-32% of water; the specific gravity rho of the glaze slip is 1.78-1.80; the pH value of the glaze slip is 7-9; the particle size distribution D of the glaze slip is less than 10um, and the accumulated content of the particles is 60-65%; the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 0.5 percent; the flow property (100ml) is 15.6-17.5 s.
Preferably, the firing conditions in the step 3) are as follows: heating to 700 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5-8 minutes, heating to 1150 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/10min, preserving heat, firing for 7 hours, and finally cooling to normal temperature at the speed of 4 ℃/10min to obtain the high-strength wear-resistant ceramic product. Preferably, the firing in the step 3) adopts three-dimensional firing, one side surface of the ceramic shower basin is in contact with the kiln car, and the ceramic shower basin is vertically or obliquely arranged on the kiln car and supported by the support cushion.
Example 6
The ceramic shower basin is produced by utilizing wastes, and the ceramic shower basin comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
55 parts of quartz waste sand, 12 parts of waste porcelain, 12 parts of clay, 5 parts of raw material, 6 parts of feldspar, 8 parts of coal gangue, 0.5 part of talc and 0.5 part of electrolyte;
the electrolyte consists of water glass and soda ash, and the mixing ratio is 3: 2.
preferably, the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin also comprise the following components in parts by weight:
0.3 part of carboxymethyl starch, 0.3 part of sodium tripolyphosphate and 6 parts of montmorillonite.
The production method of the ceramic shower basin produced by using the wastes comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin to be less than 3mm, and putting the raw materials into a ball mill for ball milling for 12-13 hours to obtain blank slurry;
2) performing slip casting on the blank slurry, and glazing the formed product;
3) and sintering after glazing to obtain the finished ceramic shower basin.
Preferably, the water content of the blank slurry in the step 1) is 28-29%, and the specific gravity of the blank slurry is more than or equal to 1.80g/cm3The pH value of the blank slurry is 7-9, and the content of particles with the granularity gradation D of less than 10um is 45-50 percent; screening residue of blank slurry: the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 2.5 percent; stock flow properties (100 ml): the thickness coefficient of 34.6-47.5s is 1.1-1.2
Preferably, the glaze used for glazing in the step 2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of quartz waste sand, 12 parts of kaolin, 7 parts of montmorillonite, 8 parts of titanium oxide, 7 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 11 parts of clay, 1.5 parts of sodium nitrate, 1.5 parts of boric acid, 6 parts of volcanic rock and 12 parts of pigment.
Further preferably, the glaze slip prepared from the glaze contains 30-32% of water; the specific gravity rho of the glaze slip is 1.78-1.80; the pH value of the glaze slip is 7-9; the particle size distribution D of the glaze slip is less than 10um, and the accumulated content of the particles is 60-65%; the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 0.5 percent; the flow property (100ml) is 15.6-17.5 s.
Preferably, the firing conditions in the step 3) are as follows: heating to 700 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5-8 minutes, heating to 1150 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/10min, preserving heat, firing for 7 hours, and finally cooling to normal temperature at the speed of 4 ℃/10min to obtain the high-strength wear-resistant ceramic product. Preferably, the firing in the step 3) adopts three-dimensional firing, one side surface of the ceramic shower basin is in contact with the kiln car, and the ceramic shower basin is vertically or obliquely arranged on the kiln car and supported by the support cushion.
Example 7
The ceramic shower basin is produced by utilizing wastes, and the ceramic shower basin comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
55 parts of quartz waste sand, 12 parts of waste porcelain, 12 parts of clay, 5 parts of raw material, 6 parts of feldspar, 8 parts of coal gangue, 0.5 part of talc and 0.5 part of electrolyte;
the electrolyte consists of water glass and soda ash, and the mixing ratio is 3: 2.
the production method of the ceramic shower basin produced by using the wastes comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin to be less than 3mm, and putting the raw materials into a ball mill for ball milling for 12-13 hours to obtain blank slurry;
2) performing slip casting on the blank slurry, and glazing the formed product;
3) and sintering after glazing to obtain the finished ceramic shower basin.
Preferably, the water content of the blank slurry in the step 1) is 28-29%, and the specific gravity of the blank slurry is more than or equal to 1.80g/cm3The pH value of the blank slurry is 7-9, and the content of particles with the granularity gradation D of less than 10um is 45-50 percent; screening residue of blank slurry: the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 2.5 percent; flow of stockProperties (100 ml): the thickness coefficient of 34.6-47.5s is 1.1-1.2
Preferably, the glaze used for glazing in the step 2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of quartz waste sand, 12 parts of kaolin, 7 parts of montmorillonite, 8 parts of titanium oxide, 7 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 11 parts of clay, 1.5 parts of sodium nitrate, 1.5 parts of boric acid, 6 parts of volcanic rock and 12 parts of pigment.
Further preferably, the glaze slip prepared from the glaze contains 30-32% of water; the specific gravity rho of the glaze slip is 1.78-1.80; the pH value of the glaze slip is 7-9; the particle size distribution D of the glaze slip is less than 10um, and the accumulated content of the particles is 60-65%; the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 0.5 percent; the flow property (100ml) is 15.6-17.5 s.
Preferably, the firing conditions in the step 3) are as follows: heating to 700 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5-8 minutes, heating to 1150 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/10min, preserving heat, firing for 7 hours, and finally cooling to normal temperature at the speed of 4 ℃/10min to obtain the high-strength wear-resistant ceramic product. Preferably, the firing in the step 3) adopts three-dimensional firing, one side surface of the ceramic shower basin is in contact with the kiln car, and the ceramic shower basin is vertically or obliquely arranged on the kiln car and supported by the support cushion.
TABLE 1
From table 1, it can be seen: according to the invention, carboxymethyl starch, sodium alginate, xanthan gum and montmorillonite are adopted as raw materials, so that the fluidity of the slurry can be effectively increased, the slurry can act together with montmorillonite minerals, and the green body strength and the ceramic strength are further enhanced by adopting an inorganic and organic combination mode.
The above examples are merely representative of preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these are all within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for producing ceramic shower trays from waste, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the raw materials of the ceramic shower basin to be less than 3mm, and putting the raw materials into a ball mill for ball milling for 12-13 hours to obtain blank slurry;
2) performing slip casting on the blank slurry, and glazing the formed product;
3) sintering after glazing to obtain a finished ceramic shower basin;
the ceramic shower basin comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40-65 parts of quartz waste sand, 10-15 parts of waste porcelain, 10-15 parts of clay, 4-6 parts of raw material, 5-8 parts of feldspar, 8 parts of coal gangue, 0.5 part of talc and 0.5 part of electrolyte; 0.1-0.5 part of carboxymethyl starch, 0.2-0.4 part of sodium tripolyphosphate and 4-8 parts of montmorillonite; 0.1-0.4 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-5 parts of sodium alginate and 0.1-0.5 part of xanthan gum;
the electrolyte consists of water glass and soda ash, and the mixing ratio is 3: 2; the water content of the blank slurry in the step 1) is 28-29%, and the specific gravity rho of the blank slurry is more than or equal to 1.80g/cm3The pH of the blank slurry is =7-9, and the content of particles with the particle size gradation D less than 10 μm is 45% -50%; screening residue of blank slurry: the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 2.5 percent; blank slurry flow performance 100 mL: the thickness coefficient of 34.6-47.5s is 1.1-1.2; the glaze adopted in the glazing in the step 2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-55 parts of quartz waste sand, 10-15 parts of kaolin, 5-8 parts of montmorillonite, 3-10 parts of titanium oxide, 5-8 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 10-12 parts of clay, 1-2 parts of sodium nitrate, 1-2 parts of boric acid, 5-8 parts of volcanic rock and 8-15 parts of pigment.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the glaze material is prepared into glaze slip containing 30-32% of water; the glaze slip specific gravity rho = 1.78-1.80; glaze slip pH = 7-9; the accumulated content of the particles with the grain size distribution D less than 10 mu m of the glaze slip is 60 to 65 percent; the 350-mesh sieve residue is less than 0.5 percent; flow properties 100 mL: 15.6-17.5 s.
3. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the firing conditions in the step 3) are as follows: heating to 600-800 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5-8 minutes, heating to 1050-1200 ℃ at the speed of 3-10 ℃/10min, preserving heat, firing for 6-8 hours, and finally cooling to normal temperature at the speed of 1-5 ℃/10min to obtain the high-strength wear-resistant ceramic product.
4. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the firing in the step 3) is carried out in a three-dimensional mode, one side surface of the ceramic shower basin is in contact with the kiln car, and the ceramic shower basin is vertically or obliquely arranged on the kiln car and supported by the support cushion.
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| CN1276356A (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 2000-12-13 | 肥城市陶瓷厂 | Formulation for preparing greenware of fine ceramics from coal gangue |
| CN1686918A (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2005-10-26 | 宜昌长江陶瓷有限责任公司 | Method for fabricating sanitary ceramics by using waste sand of quartz |
| CN101759366A (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2010-06-30 | 方夕涛 | Porcelain glaze slurry |
| CN101967064A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-02-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Protein foaming method for preparing porous ceramics composite material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1276356A (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 2000-12-13 | 肥城市陶瓷厂 | Formulation for preparing greenware of fine ceramics from coal gangue |
| CN1686918A (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2005-10-26 | 宜昌长江陶瓷有限责任公司 | Method for fabricating sanitary ceramics by using waste sand of quartz |
| CN101759366A (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2010-06-30 | 方夕涛 | Porcelain glaze slurry |
| CN101967064A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-02-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Protein foaming method for preparing porous ceramics composite material |
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