CN102249638A - Environment-friendly diatom decorative mud powder capable of automatic humidification / formaldehyde elimination / antibiosis / flame retardation - Google Patents
Environment-friendly diatom decorative mud powder capable of automatic humidification / formaldehyde elimination / antibiosis / flame retardation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102249638A CN102249638A CN2011101162743A CN201110116274A CN102249638A CN 102249638 A CN102249638 A CN 102249638A CN 2011101162743 A CN2011101162743 A CN 2011101162743A CN 201110116274 A CN201110116274 A CN 201110116274A CN 102249638 A CN102249638 A CN 102249638A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- diatom
- diatomite
- powder
- weight percentage
- environment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of environment-friendly and energy saving building material, and especially relates to an aqueous environment-friendly diatom decorative mud powder, which is prepared from diatomite as main ingredient and formulated multi-ingredients, and capable of automatic humidification / formaldehyde elimination / antibiosis / flame retardation, for office and household room interior wall decoration. The diatom decorative mud powder mainly comprises gelling ingredients, a core ingredient and auxiliary functional ingredients. The gelling ingredients comprise magnesium hydroxide, lake salt, attapulgite clay and palygorskite lay, and the core ingredient is a diatomite elaborate material, wherein a weight ratio of magnesium hydroxide to lake salt to attapulgite clay to palygorskite lay is 8-12:0.5-3:2-7:0.5-3. The auxiliary functional ingredients comprise, by weight, 5-35% of zeolite powder, 1-3% of tourmaline powder, 1-10% of barite powder, 1-3% of photocatalyst and 0.1-0.5% of meerschaum powder. The product of the invention has high strength, strong endurance, substantial environmental protection efficacy and low costs, and is convenient for construction and capable of efficiently eliminating formaldehyde and peculiar smell in air, releasing negative ions continuously and purifying indoor air.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the environmental protection and energy saving building materials field, relate in particular to a kind of water-based and be with diatomite the office of main composite multi-functional component and environment-friendly type automatic humidifying that the family room inner wall decoration is used remove formaldehyde antibiotic fire-retardant diatom decorations mud pulvis.
Background technology
Diatomite is from the oceanogenic sedimentation before millions of year,, by ancient times the diatom remains form, its Chemical Composition mainly is SiO
2, contain a spot of Al
2O
3, Fe
2O
3, CaO, MgO, K
2O, Na
2O, P
2O
5And organic matter.SiO
2Usually account for more than 80%, reach as high as 94%.The diatomaceous iron oxide content of high-quality is generally 1～1.5%, and alumina content is 3～6%.Diatomaceous mineral composition mainly is opal and mutation thereof, secondly is clay mineral-hydromica, kaolinite and mineral chip.Mineral chip has mica and organic matter.
Under electron microscope, diatom is vesicular structure, and countless micro pores and material character have unique physical adsorption function and remove the chemical effect of formaldehyde.People for the building room that enters relative closure day by day, for the morbific people of pollution that bring because of indoor hardware fitting that are on the increase in the society, look forward to having a kind of ecological decoration material that reduces pollution, so the inner wall decoration material that with diatomite is main component has come out, but because people's understanding deepens constantly, be the coming up of decorative material for internal wall of main component along with diatomite, some problems need to be resolved hurrily, all if any product strength poor, can not recycle; The use resene binding agent that has has stopped up diatomaceous small pore, the decomposing formaldehyde ability drop; Water-intake rate is low, function singleness; The producer that has is used for the house decoration material with rare industrial raw material; The product self that also has does not have antibacterial, causes indoor secondary to pollute; The quality that also has is low etc., makes people pay expensive tuition fee.
At present, the products such as diatom great soil group material used of comprehensive inner wall decoration both at home and abroad probably have three classes:
Gelling material in the product: 1. adopt cement based; 2. adopt tackiness agent (resene) agglutinating.3. adopt industrial gypsum and other inorganic mineral in a large number.
Character from the product matrix material: 1. single employing is diatomaceous; 2. the inert mineral fillers that add are used diatomaceous less; 3. follow the line of least resistance, the heavy addition high molecular polymer.
From the functional effect of product: owing to too emphasize and rely on the single performance of diatomite, though adopt the smart soil of diatomite in a large number, do not note with each function mineral organic compound, absorption decomposing formaldehyde, noxious odor DeGrain.The also a large amount of composite kaolin that have, the mineral powder of mica group just contain a large amount of kaolinites and micaceous clay ore deposit in the diatomaceous in fact associated minerals, highly beneficial to the decorative material moulding and the functional stack of diatom great soil group.
More than these products exist the shortcoming that can not be ignored:
1, diatomite itself does not possess into the gelling of mud, and in order to improve its bonding and intensity, the employing cement based that has is as gelling material, and diatomite not only can't recycle, and has limited diatomaceous adsorption function, and the most direct effect is exactly that water-intake rate descends.
2, the use resene binding agent that has has stopped up diatomaceous small pore, the decomposing formaldehyde ability drop; Simultaneously a large amount of adopt macromolecule adhesives bring into benzene, ammonia, formaldehyde etc. indoor unavoidably.
3, the diatomite main component is an opal, and is the same with other material of construction, and erosion and the pollution of various moulds are arranged, and do not take measures, and also can carry it in the room of finishing.
4, single utilization diatomite.Nature has many mineral additives that possess excellent function, can use with diatomite is collaborative, make the more perfect function of diatom decorations mud, but irrational interpolation inert mineral filler, not only strength at break also may be brought heavy metal in the diatom great soil group decorative material.
5, the adding of a large amount of organic high molecular polymers is unfavorable for fire-retardant.
6, it is bad to criticize scraping property.Because each component ratio is unreasonable, the diatom great soil group decorative material rapid hardening that has, the shortage plasticity that has is difficult to machine-shaping.
7, cost height, unreasonable use causes waste of material.Diatomite belongs to Nonrenewable resources, and abuse will shorten diatomaceous Sustainable Development and Utilization.
Though China's diatomite resource reserves are abundant, widely distributed, high-quality soil is less, the diatomite that can directly be used in industrial goods has only the minority mining area, quite a few needs import, but much higher-grade diatomite is used on the material of construction in the past, for widening Application Areas, improve product specification, the change resources advantage is economic advantages, with low-grade diatomite rational gradation composition, to the application of being purified of diatom clay and mine tailing, can make full use of local resources, make the increment of diatom mineral products.
The contrast of table 1 diatomaceous earth products structural applications
As can be seen from Table 1, domestic diatomite is mainly used in low value-added building materials field, makes filtering material and be mainly used in abroad.Situation along with social development and development of technology and resource-constrained, the diatomite that is used for building materials field will face resource scarcity, but the powerful market requirement to the environment-friendly type inner wall decorative material, but can atrophy, diatom great soil group decorative material is inevitable towards the consumption that both reduces the smart soil of diatomite, can not reduce even improve the environment-friendly function development of diatom great soil group inner wall decoration material again.The present invention researches and develops successful at this requirement.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the weak point of existing office and household inner wall decoration technology and material environment friendly and provides a kind of use pure natural material to make binding agent, composite have a multiple natural minerals with good nourishing function, makes the product strength height, weather resistance is strong, environmental protection efficacy is remarkable; Be convenient to construction, with low cost, and can reduce the consumption of the smart soil of diatomite, can efficiently eliminate formaldehyde, airborne peculiar smell again, continue discharge negative ion, the ornamental automatic humidifying of the environment-friendly type inner wall that room air is purified remove formaldehyde antibiotic fire-retardant diatom decorations mud pulvis.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved in that
Environment-friendly type Zi Dongtiaoshi removes the fire-retardant diatom decorations of Jia Quan Kang Jun mud pulvis, and it mainly comprises bonding component and core component; Described bonding component comprises magnesium hydroxide, lake salt and attapulgite clay.Described core group is divided into diatomite elaboration material.
As a kind of preferred version, the present invention is in weight percentage, and described bonding component accounts for 5～65% of total amount; 35～95% of described core ingredients constitute total amount.
As another kind of preferred version, the weight ratio of magnesium hydroxide of the present invention, lake salt and attapulgite clay is followed successively by 8～12%: 0.5～3%: 2～7%.
Further, the present invention also contains the subsidiary function component; Described subsidiary function component comprises zeolite powder, and in weight percentage, described zeolite powder accounts for 5～35% of total amount; Described bonding component accounts for 5～30% of total amount; 35～75 of described core ingredients constitute total amount; Described bonding component also contains Attapulgite great soil group clay; The weight ratio of described magnesium hydroxide, lake salt, attapulgite clay and polygorskite class clay is followed successively by 8～12%: 0.5～3%: 2～7%.
Further, subsidiary function component of the present invention also comprises the Tourmaline powder; In weight percentage, described Tourmaline powder accounts for 1～3% of total amount.
In addition, subsidiary function component of the present invention also comprises ground barium sulfate; In weight percentage, described ground barium sulfate accounts for 1～10 of total amount.
Secondly, subsidiary function component of the present invention also comprises photocatalyst; In weight percentage, described photocatalyst accounts for 1～3% of total amount.In diatom decorations mud, add photocatalyst (nano-TiO
2) and the compound photocatalyst of diatomite, utilize unique photocatalysis technology that toxic gas in the air is had intensive decomposition, elimination effect.Obnoxious flavour such as PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95), ammonia has the function that absorbs and eliminate, and makes room air more pure and fresh.
Once more, subsidiary function component of the present invention also comprises sepiolite powder; In weight percentage, described sepiolite powder accounts for 0.1～0.5% of total amount.
The present invention also contains intensity/denseness and excites component; Described intensity/denseness excites component to comprise pyrophyllite powder, vermiculite power and xanthan gum; In weight percentage, described pyrophyllite powder, vermiculite power and xanthan gum account for 1～5% of total amount successively respectively; 1～5%; 0.05～0.1%.
Intensity/denseness of the present invention excites component also to comprise the volcanic ash material, and in weight percentage, described volcanic ash material, pyrophyllite powder, vermiculite power and xanthan gum account for 3～5%, 1～5% of total amount successively respectively; 1～5%; 0.05～0.1%.
At last, the present invention also can contain aggregate; Described aggregate is a quartz sand; In weight percentage, described quartz sand accounts for 5～15% of total amount.Diatomite elaboration material package of the present invention is drawn together activation diatomite, diatomite, diatom clay powder and diatomite mine tailing; The weight ratio of described activation diatomite, diatomite, diatom clay powder and diatomite mine tailing is followed successively by 60～90: 5～15: 1～8: 1～8.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following characteristics:
1, adopts multi-functional design.Formulating of recipe is used for reference the successful theory of the diatomite series products being used abroad in house decoration, in conjunction with domestic diatomaceous resource and utilize the reality of situation, research and develop successfully under the increasing situation of the market requirement.The design is not changing on the diatomaceous essential property, use the natural mineral binding agent, courageously adopt diatomite elaboration material and multifunctional mineral component composite, diatomaceous absorption and automatic humidifying had both been strengthened, remove formaldehyde, anti-flaming function, increased antibiotic again, radioprotective and Tourmaline powder utilize self emitting far-infrared and hot poor physical influence that can produce positive and negative electromagnetic field that changes, come environment purification, discharge a large amount of negative ions, 6 functions such as degraded harmful substances in air, also reduced the consumption of the smart soil of diatomite simultaneously greatly, both save resource, reduced cost again, also increased function.
2, diatom decorations mud product can recycle.Formulating of recipe is through repetition test and site construction check, and the accumulation of certain construction experience is arranged.Design has been carried out a large amount of market studys before forming.This diatom decorations mud is the principle that adopts air hardening cementitious materials, and this diatom decorations mud product can recycle.
3, adopt this design to save cost 20～40% than traditional diatom ooze.
Rationally adopt diatomaceous inner grating, make full use of low-grade diatomite and associated minerals, free of contamination diatomite mine tailing resource,, can effectively prolong the work-ing life of diatom ooze resource if national diatom ooze product all adopts this prescription.This product is easy to use, and wear resistant and weather resistance are apparently higher than traditional diatom great soil group decorative material.Utilize low-grade diatomite and associated minerals, mine tailing resource to produce the diatom decorations mud of environmental protection and waste utilization, improve constantly people's quality of life, reasonable development diatomite and associated minerals resource meet the economic strategy of national sustainable development.
This diatom decorations mud and traditional diatom great soil group decorative material are more perfect on use properties, have lowered 10～15% on production cost, and easy to use, workability is good, and wear resistant and water-intake rate improve 40%.This diatom decorations mud does not have chemical pollution, and all raw material adopts the free of contamination high molecular polymer of natural minerals and denier, has stopped up the channel that pollutes from the source.
4, be convenient to produce with universal.Diatom decorations mud only needs to produce in the drum mixer under the sealed state when producing, no dust, and noise is little, takes up an area of few.Penetration and promotion is convenient in the production that can make the transition of the producer of many production powder building materials.
Economic benefit and social benefit:
Economic benefit:
1, the cost of 1Kg diatom decorations mud: 12 yuan/Kg; Retail price: 15 yuan/Kg, profit 20%.
2, produce 1000 tons of costs that are used for interior wall automatic humidifying, degerming, fire-retardant diatom decorations mud per year: 1,200 ten thousand yuan, gain a profit of three million dollars.
3, with a large amount of economic benefits of using smart soil of diatomite and relevant mineral products to compare:
Table 2 performance, price comparison
Social benefit:
1, economizes on resources, reduces pollution, promote exploitation use, the recycle diatomite resource of industrial tailings;
2, environmental protection effectively reduces the chemical pollution that house decoration brings, the health that is beneficial to people;
3, improve product effect and increase multiple efficacies, significantly improve weather resistance;
4, cost is lower, is convenient to produce, constructs and promotes.
Table 3 material contrast
Table 4 main performance index
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Diatom decorations mud pulvis of the present invention adopts magnesium hydroxide (Haicheng product), lake salt (Dongwuzhumuqin Banner, Inner Mongol product), attapulgite clay (real estates such as Anhui, Jiangsu), and (4 composition weight proportionings are followed successively by 8～12: 0.5～3: 2～7: 0.5～3) as bonding component, (comprise activation diatomite, diatomite, diatom clay powder and diatomite mine tailing with Changbai Mountain natural diatomaceous earth elaboration material with polygorskite class clay (real estates such as Anhui, Jiangsu); Its weight proportion is followed successively by 60～90: 5～15: 1～8: 1～8; Wherein the diatomite mine tailing is the diatom mine tailing that the physical concentration method produces) be main, add part zeolite powder, Tourmaline powder (another name: tourmaline powder, it is a kind of natural jewel mineral substance, normal tool colour band phenomenon, streak is colourless, vitreous luster, no cleavage.Hardness 7.0-7.5.Proportion 3.03-3.25.), photocatalyst (nano TiO 2) as automatic humidifying, remove formaldehyde, function ingredients such as antibiotic, fire-retardant, with quartz sand is aggregate, be equipped with pyrophyllite powder, sepiolite powder, pre-gelatinized starch, calcium sulfate etc. and excite component, adopts the convenient construction of the environmental protection and waste utilization that anhydrous, no dust, noiselessness production technique produce and can recycle and handle official business and the family room inner wall decoration is adornd the mud pulvis with diatom as multiviscosisty, sclerosis.
The physical property of zeolite powder
The chemical ingredients of zeolite powder (%)
The barite chemical constitution is Ba[SO
4], crystal belongs to the sulfate mineral of quadrature (tiltedly side) crystallographic system.Often be thick plate-like or styloid, mostly be compact mass or tabular, granular aggregate.Water white transparency when matter is pure is dyed shades of colour when impure, streak white, and vitreous luster is clear to translucent.Three groups of cleavage are complete, and angle equals or is bordering on 90 °.Mohs hardness 3-3.5, proportion 4.0-4.6.
Agalmatolite is a kind of of clay mineral, and genus crystalline texture is that the stratiform hydrous alumino silicates mineral of 2: 1 types draw.Chemical structural formula is Al
2[Si
4O
10] (OH)
2Agalmatolite quality exquisiteness, hardness low (1-2), agalmatolite has good thermostability and hygral expansion seldom.
Vermiculite is a kind of hydrate, is block, sheet and granular, is the product of natural mineral weathering alteration such as biotite.When frequency of sound wave is 512HZ, the sound-absorbing index be its middle water molecule of 0.53～0.73. through high temperature sintering, volume increases 18-25 doubly.Water-intake rate up 350～370%.Be rich in compositions such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, aluminium, iron, magnesium, silicate.The place of production is Long Guan area, Hebei.
Material constitutes and effect:
1, bonding component: magnesium hydroxide (Haicheng product), lake salt (Dongwuzhumuqin Banner, Inner Mongol product), (4 composition weight proportionings are followed successively by 8～12 to attapulgite clay (real estates such as Anhui, Jiangsu): 0.5～3: 2～7: 0.5～3) 200～400 orders (5～30%) with polygorskite class clay (real estates such as Anhui, Jiangsu).
The attapulgite clay ore deposit that area, Xuyi, Jiangsu Province, China exists, its crystal shape is bar-shaped, fibrous, needle-like, long 0.5～5 micron, wide 0.05～0.15 micron, be 2: 1 type clay minerals, promptly two-layer silicon-oxy tetrahedron, the plumbous oxygen of one deck is gone into the face body, and its molecular formula is Mg
5Si
8O
20 (OH)
44H
2O.The attapulgite clay aggregate is the earthy block configuration, and color is canescence, steel gray, little Huang or light green, oily luster, light specific gravity (1.6 ±), 2～3 grades of mohs hardnesses, be viscosity and plasticity-when moist, dry shrinkage is little, and does not produce be full of cracks, water-absorbent is strong, can reach more than 150%, about PH=8.5, because inner porous road, specific surface area is big, can reach 350m
2More than/the g, most positively charged ion, water molecules and a certain size organic molecule all can directly be adsorbed in the duct, and its stable electrochemical property is difficult for being flocculated by ionogen.
Inner duct 3.7 * 6.4A °.Cation exchange capacity: 25～50mg/100g soil, thermal conductivity 0.06W/m2 ℃, electro kinetic potential-25.8mv, water-intake rate 〉=150%, oil absorbency 〉=80%
Effect: utilize the cohesive action of natural minerals, neither stop up diatomaceous pore, diatomite and other component bond again; Alkaline matter also plays decomposing formaldehyde, anti-microbial effect with the photocatalyst comprehensive action, and magnesium hydroxide also has fire retardation.
2, core component: (comprise activation diatomite, diatomite, diatom clay powder and diatomite mine tailing, its weight proportion is followed successively by 60～90 to diatomite elaboration material: 5～15: 1～8: 1～8; Wherein the diatomite mine tailing is the diatom mine tailing of physical concentration method generation) 400～800 orders (weight percentage: 35～75%).
Diatomite elaboration material belongs to composite shape matl, is the optimum combination of diatomite mineral products series product, and China's fine diatomite original ore and deep processing ability are mainly concentrated Jilin Bai Shan area near a river.
Effect: have effects such as absorption decomposing formaldehyde, oil smoke, smell, adjust humiture, discharge negative ion, purify air.
3, subsidiary function component:
1. zeolite powder 200～325 orders (weight percentage: 5～35%).
Effect: have effects such as ion-exchange, absorption, catalysis, energy preferentially adsorbed moisture, moisture releasing when temperature rises, moisture absorption when temperature descends.
2. Tourmaline powder (tourmaline powder) 800 orders (weight percentage: 1～3%).
Effect: utilize self emitting far-infrared and hot poor physical influence that can produce positive and negative electromagnetic field that changes, come environment purification.Discharge a large amount of negative ions, the degraded harmful substances in air is as paint, peculiar smell that glue produced etc.
3. photocatalyst (main ingredient: nano-TiO
2) (weight percentage: 1～3%).
Effect: under the effect of light, nano-TiO
2The high mars free radical that himself produces is invaded bacterial cytoplasm, destroys the protoplasma organized enzyme in the bacterium, reaches antibiotic and antibacterial, germ-resistant effect.Nano titanium oxide is a kind of permanent inorganic antiseptic of keeping antibacterial effect.
4. sepiolite powder (weight percentage: 0.1%～0.5%).
Effect: sepiolite powder and nano-TiO
2Cooperate the degerming functions that increases diatom ooze, can also improve the tension of diatom ooze, water-fast, alkaline-resisting, wear resistant.
5. ground barium sulfate (weight percentage: 1～10%).
Effect: ray is had stronger adsorption, when diatom ooze is decorated television background wall, can add vast scale.
4, intensity/denseness excites component:
6. volcanic ash material: the mixture of volcanic ash, pumice sand or volcanic ash and pumice sand (weight percentage: 3～5%).
Effect: two prong material density are low, the water-intake rate height, because its volcanic ash effect, can significantly improve the intensity of diatom decorations mud, and the calcium hydroxide reaction of separating out with each component, generate faint silicate material with the zeolite powder component is collaborative, improve the physical strength of diatom decorations mud as skeleton, the weakness of compensation magnesium hydroxide poor water resistance can make the material reduction again automatically behind the chance water.
7. pyrophyllite powder 200～400 orders (weight percentage: 1～5%).
Effect: fire-resistant, increase snappiness and improve intensity, improve easily the scraping property of diatom ooze.
8. vermiculite power 200～400 orders (weight percentage: 1～5%).
9. xanthan gum (weight percentage: 0.05～0.1%).
Effect: thickening, slow setting.
10. pre-gelatinized starch weight percentage: calcium sulfate weight percentage 1%: 1%
5, aggregate:
Quartz sand 30～120 orders (weight percentage 5～15%).
Can select titanium dioxide, red iron oxide, iron oxide black, iron oxide yellow, ultramarine (another name: ultramarine) etc. nontoxic, the dyestuff 5% that has no side effect according to the needs of color and luster in addition.
Magnesium hydroxide: main chemical compositions is that magnesium oxide (MgO) 〉=95%. tap density is 0.45～0.50g/cm
3. will make magnesium basic carbonate after dolomite calcination, digestion, the carbonization, again through thermolysis, calcining can make light magnesium oxide.The white amorphous powder, pore volume 5cm
3More than/the g.Relative density 3.58,2852 ℃ of fusing points, 3600 ℃ of boiling points. nontoxic, in air, easily absorb carbon dioxide in air and moisture and generate magnesium basic carbonate and hardening.The fireproof heat-insulating performance that height is arranged.
Diatomite clay powder: diatomite clay raw ore is ground, promptly makes the konilite mineral products, SiO after dry, the screening
2〉=65%. places of production are Bai Shan area, a Jilin band near a river.
Activation diatomite: will be crushed to 50～80 purpose diatomite original ores and after 600～800 ℃ of calcinings, promptly make activation diatomite, SiO
2〉=85%. places of production are Bai Shan area, a Jilin band near a river.
Diatomite: with diatomite original ore earlier with 90 ℃ of hot washes, again with 36%～40% sulfuric acid by acid/soil than the consumption processing 12h that is 1, filter then, wash, drying, promptly make terra silicea purificata, SiO
2〉=80%. are called for short diatomite.The place of production is Bai Shan area, a Jilin band near a river.
Diatomite mine tailing: be the residue associated minerals after physics is peeled off diatomite original ore, be mainly clay minerals such as illite, contain higher SiO
2Deng, SiO
2〉=55%.The place of production is Bai Shan area, a Jilin band near a river.
Lake salt: composition is NaCl, wherein contains Na39.4%.Cl 60.6%, often contains shale, organic and bittern (MgCl) and KCl etc.Hardness 2.0～2.5, density 2.1～2.2g/cm
3. soluble in water.Mainly originate in ground such as Inner Mongol, Qinghai, Xinjiang.
Polygorskite:, and, contain a small amount of kaolinite and clinoptilolite sometimes with montmorillonite, quartz, rhombspar, calcite based on polygorskite.Polygorskite Mg5SiO
20 (OH)
2(OH
2) 4.4H
2O belongs to the magnesium silicate minerals.Under electron microscope, be asbestiform or xylon shape; Crystal is long and thick, and the surface longitudinal striped is clear, often is fibrous.Acid and alkali-resistance, water-absorbent is strong, do not expand after the suction.Be bark shape, strawboard shape after the weathering.Usually contain SiO
254.5%, Fe
2O
32.8%, Al
2O
35.9%, the industrial alternative wilkinite of MgO 8.9%. is made the binding agent of casting mold with sand.The place of production: ground such as Anhui Quanjiang.
Sepiolite: the waterbearing stratum chain silicate that is rich magnesium.The performance of sepiolite and Application Areas and polygorskite are similar, and different is the MgO content height of sepiolite, Al
2O content is generally very low, and then MgO content is low for polygorskite, Al
2O content height.The sepiolite outward appearance is similar to polygorskite, and white, pale yellow, light gray, pale red good, black green etc. can float on water when dry.Sepiolite can adsorb 200～250% water of own wt.The cation-adsorption ability of sepiolite is higher than polygorskite.Goods can instead use.Sepiolite also can be used for ammonia, organic amine, the SO in the absorbed air
2And other deleterious sour gas, adsorption effect is better than gac and organic compound sorbent material.The rheological of polygorskite and sepiolite makes it be widely used as thickening material, plays to prevent concavo-convex and the homogenizing effect.PH=8～8.5 o'clock viscosity is relatively stable.
Volcanic ash: chemical ingredients SiO
263～90%.When float stone and volcanic ash are underground magmatic exhalations because of in atmosphere sharply cooling form product based on volcanic glass.Canescence, light brown, lilac.Water-absorbent is bigger.Wudalianchi, fecund Heilungkiang, Changbai Mountain one band.
Pumice sand: pumice sand is the hand breaking of float stone particle.Main component is a volcanic glass, and its content accounts for more than 85%.Chemical ingredients SiO
263～90%. colors are more shallow, are canescence, lark.Particle unit weight 0.459～0.651g/cm
3. water-intake rate is bigger, reaches Wudalianchi, 64%. voluminous Heilungkiang, Changbai Mountain one band.
Embodiment 1: television background wall class (100% pulvis)
Component constitutes:
1. bonding component comprises that magnesium hydroxide (Haicheng product), lake salt (Dongwuzhumuqin Banner, Inner Mongol product), attapulgite clay and polygorskite clay [8: 1: 7: 1 (in weight ratio)] account for 15.5% (weight percentage);
2. diatomite elaboration material [activation diatomite: diatomite: diatom clay powder: diatomite mine tailing 80: 10: 5: 5 (in weight ratios)] accounts for 40% (weight percentage), and wherein the diatomite mine tailing is the diatom mine tailing of physical concentration method generation;
3. zeolite powder 9.5% (weight percentage);
4. Tourmaline powder (tourmaline powder) 1% (weight percentage);
5. sepiolite powder 0.4% (weight percentage);
6. in weight percentage, ground barium sulfate 8%, pyrophyllite powder 1%, pumice sand 3%, vermiculite power 1%;
7. quartz sand (40 order) 10.5% (weight percentage);
8. photocatalyst 3% (weight percentage);
9. xanthan gum 0.1% (weight percentage);
10. pre-gelatinized starch 1% (weight percentage);
Calcium sulfate 1% (weight percentage);
Dyestuff can be according to the on-the-spot admixture of construction needs, consumption 5% (weight percentage).
Embodiment 2: parlor and meeting room class (100% pulvis)
Component constitutes:
1. bonding component comprises that magnesium hydroxide (Haicheng product), lake salt (Dongwuzhumuqin Banner, Inner Mongol product), attapulgite clay and polygorskite clay [8: 1: 7: 1 (in weight ratio)] account for 16.5% (weight percentage);
2. diatomite elaboration material [activation diatomite: diatomite: diatom clay powder: diatomite mine tailing 80: 10: 5: 5 (in weight ratios)] accounts for 40.5% (weight percentage), and wherein the diatomite mine tailing is the diatom mine tailing of physical concentration method generation;
3. zeolite powder 11% (weight percentage);
4. Tourmaline powder (tourmaline powder) 1.5% (weight percentage);
5. photocatalyst 3% (weight percentage);
6. sepiolite powder 0.4% (weight percentage);
7. ground barium sulfate 1% (weight percentage), pyrophyllite powder 1.5% (weight percentage), volcanic ash 3.5% (weight percentage), vermiculite power 1.5% (weight percentage);
8. quartz sand (80 order) 12.5% (weight percentage);
9. xanthan gum 0.1% (weight percentage);
10. pasted starch 1% (weight percentage), calcium sulfate 1% (weight percentage);
Dyestuff can be according to the on-the-spot admixture of construction needs, consumption 5% (weight percentage).
Embodiment 3: room class (100% pulvis)
Component constitutes:
1. bonding component comprises that magnesium hydroxide (Haicheng product), lake salt (Dongwuzhumuqin Banner, Inner Mongol product), attapulgite clay and polygorskite clay [8: 1: 7: 1 (in weight ratio)] account for 18% (weight percentage);
2. diatomite elaboration material [activation diatomite: diatomite: diatom clay powder: diatomite mine tailing 90: 10: 1: 1 (in weight ratio)] accounts for 45.5% (weight percentage), and wherein the diatomite mine tailing is the diatom mine tailing of physical concentration method generation;
3. zeolite powder 8.5% (weight percentage);
4. Tourmaline powder (tourmaline powder) 1% (weight percentage);
5. photocatalyst 3% (weight percentage);
6. sepiolite powder 0.4% (weight percentage);
7. ground barium sulfate 2% (weight percentage), pyrophyllite powder 2% (weight percentage), vermiculite power 2% (weight percentage);
8. quartz sand (200 order) 10.5% (weight percentage);
9. xanthan gum 0.1% (weight percentage);
10. pasted starch 1% (weight percentage), calcium sulfate 1% (weight percentage);
Dyestuff can be according to the on-the-spot admixture of construction needs, consumption 5% (weight percentage).
Example 4, children room class (100% pulvis)
Component constitutes:
1. bonding component comprises that magnesium hydroxide (Haicheng product), lake salt (Dongwuzhumuqin Banner, Inner Mongol product), attapulgite clay and polygorskite clay [8: 1: 7: 1 (in weight ratio)] account for 17% (weight percentage);
2. diatomite elaboration material [activation diatomite: diatomite: diatom clay powder: diatomite mine tailing 90: 5: 1: 1 (in weight ratio)] accounts for 51.8% (weight percentage), and wherein the diatomite mine tailing is the diatom mine tailing of physical concentration method generation;
3. zeolite powder 10% (weight percentage);
4. Tourmaline powder (tourmaline powder) 1% (weight percentage);
5. photocatalyst 3% (weight percentage);
6. sepiolite powder 0.1% (weight percentage);
7. quartz sand (200 order) 10% (weight percentage);
8. xanthan gum 0.1% (weight percentage);
9. pre-gelatinized starch 1% (weight percentage);
10. calcium sulfate 1% (weight percentage);
Dyestuff can be according to the on-the-spot admixture of construction needs, consumption 5% (weight percentage).
Concrete construction technology of the present invention
Referring to Fig. 1, solid powder of the present invention mainly is to detect on the qualified basis at starting material, by the prescription of above-mentioned design product is carried out conventional physical mixed (can adopt airtight powder mixing machine), can then, saturating sieve, packing, quality inspection, put in storage, dispatch from the factory.
The construction process requirement of diatom decorations mud is on-the-spot converts the water mixing to above-mentioned finished product pulvis, is reduced into dense thick attitude (by slurry consistency 50～100mm).Smearing dataller's skill is (to carry out after preferably plasterboard has been scraped putty or after being coated with the emulsion paint drying at water-proof base material.
1, the ratio of converting water is: finished product pulvis: water=1: 0.8～1.5.
2, form of construction work and instrument
1. scrape or smear: instrument is trowel and putty scraper.
2. round brush: round brush commonly used.
3. spraying: air compressor and spray gun.
Adopt when 4. converting water and put the predetermined water yield in bucket, then powder is poured in the bucket slowly, pulvis is poured on the limit into, and stir with electric mixer on the limit.Electric mixer can oneself be made and reequip as required.
3, materials
1. scrape or smear: 0.5～2.5Kg/m
2
2. round brush: 0.15～0.2Kg/m
2
3. spray: 0.15～0.25Kg/m
2
4, art processing
Artistic design can be carried out before the interface loses plasticity, and plasticity can be adjusted according to construction technology and field condition.
Be with being appreciated that, more than about specific descriptions of the present invention, only be used to the present invention is described and be not to be subject to the described technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, still can make amendment or be equal to replacement the present invention, to reach identical technique effect; Use needs as long as satisfy, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. environment-friendly type Zi Dongtiaoshi removes the fire-retardant diatom decorations of Jia Quan Kang Jun mud pulvis, it is characterized in that, mainly comprises bonding component and core component; Described bonding component comprises magnesium hydroxide, lake salt and attapulgite clay; Described core group is divided into diatomite elaboration material.
2. environment-friendly type automatic humidifying according to claim 1 remove formaldehyde antibiotic fire-retardant diatom decorations mud pulvis, it is characterized in that: in weight percentage, described bonding component accounts for 5～65% of total amount; 35～95% of described core ingredients constitute total amount.
3. environment-friendly type automatic humidifying according to claim 1 and 2 remove formaldehyde antibiotic fire-retardant diatom decorations mud pulvis, it is characterized in that: the weight ratio of described magnesium hydroxide, lake salt and attapulgite clay is followed successively by 8～12: 0.5～3: 2～7.
4. environment-friendly type automatic humidifying according to claim 1 remove formaldehyde antibiotic fire-retardant diatom decorations mud pulvis, it is characterized in that: also contain the subsidiary function component; Described subsidiary function component comprises zeolite powder, and in weight percentage, described zeolite powder accounts for 5～35% of total amount; Described bonding component accounts for 5～30% of total amount; 35～75% of described core ingredients constitute total amount; Described bonding component also contains polygorskite class clay; The weight ratio of described magnesium hydroxide, lake salt, attapulgite clay and polygorskite class clay is followed successively by 8～12: 0.5～3: 2～7: 0.5～3.
5. environment-friendly type automatic humidifying according to claim 4 remove formaldehyde antibiotic fire-retardant diatom decorations mud pulvis, it is characterized in that: described subsidiary function component also comprises the Tourmaline powder; In weight percentage, described Tourmaline powder accounts for 1～3% of total amount.
6. environment-friendly type automatic humidifying according to claim 5 remove formaldehyde antibiotic fire-retardant diatom decorations mud pulvis, it is characterized in that: described subsidiary function component also comprises ground barium sulfate; In weight percentage, described ground barium sulfate accounts for 1～10% of total amount.
7. environment-friendly type automatic humidifying according to claim 6 remove formaldehyde antibiotic fire-retardant diatom decorations mud pulvis, it is characterized in that: described subsidiary function component also comprises photocatalyst; In weight percentage, described photocatalyst accounts for 1～3% of total amount.
8. environment-friendly type automatic humidifying according to claim 7 remove formaldehyde antibiotic fire-retardant diatom decorations mud pulvis, it is characterized in that: described subsidiary function component also comprises sepiolite powder; In weight percentage, described sepiolite powder accounts for 0.1～0.5% of total amount.
9. environment-friendly type automatic humidifying according to claim 8 remove formaldehyde antibiotic fire-retardant diatom decorations mud pulvis, it is characterized in that: also contain intensity/denseness and excite component; Described intensity/denseness excites component to comprise pyrophyllite powder, vermiculite power and xanthan gum; In weight percentage, described pyrophyllite powder, vermiculite power and xanthan gum account for 1～5% of total amount successively respectively; 1～5%; 0.05～0.1%.
10. environment-friendly type automatic humidifying according to claim 9 remove formaldehyde antibiotic fire-retardant diatom decorations mud pulvis, it is characterized in that: described intensity/denseness excites component also to contain the volcanic ash material; In weight percentage, described volcanic ash material, pyrophyllite powder, vermiculite power and xanthan gum account for 3～5%, 1～5% of total amount successively respectively; 1～5%; 0.05～0.1%.
11. environment-friendly type automatic humidifying according to claim 10 remove formaldehyde antibiotic fire-retardant diatom decorations mud pulvis, it is characterized in that: also contain aggregate; Described aggregate is a quartz sand; In weight percentage, described quartz sand accounts for 5～15% of total amount; Described diatomite elaboration material package is drawn together activation diatomite, diatomite, diatom clay powder and diatomite mine tailing; The weight ratio of described activation diatomite, diatomite, diatom clay powder and diatomite mine tailing is followed successively by 60～90: 5～15: 1～8: 1～8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110116274 CN102249638B (en) | 2011-05-06 | 2011-05-06 | Environment-friendly diatom decorative mud powder capable of automatic humidification / formaldehyde elimination / antibiosis / flame retardation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110116274 CN102249638B (en) | 2011-05-06 | 2011-05-06 | Environment-friendly diatom decorative mud powder capable of automatic humidification / formaldehyde elimination / antibiosis / flame retardation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102249638A true CN102249638A (en) | 2011-11-23 |
| CN102249638B CN102249638B (en) | 2013-06-12 |
Family
ID=44977261
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110116274 Expired - Fee Related CN102249638B (en) | 2011-05-06 | 2011-05-06 | Environment-friendly diatom decorative mud powder capable of automatic humidification / formaldehyde elimination / antibiosis / flame retardation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102249638B (en) |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103030421A (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2013-04-10 | 韩方超 | Preparation method of diatom mud wall material with hygroscopic property, respiratory property and antibacterial property |
| CN103212368A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-07-24 | 胡勇 | Multi-functional photocatalyst diatom purification particles and preparation method thereof |
| CN103351688A (en) * | 2013-06-22 | 2013-10-16 | 天长市开林化工有限公司 | Preparation method of interior wall putty capable of eliminating formaldehyde |
| CN103351697A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-10-16 | 天长市开林化工有限公司 | Elastic thermal insulation exterior wall putty |
| CN104150948A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-11-19 | 华南理工大学 | Composite light weight ceramic ecological building material with humidifying function and preparation method thereof |
| CN104448956A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-03-25 | 刘立先 | Diatom ooze coating material capable of purifying air and absorbing and decomposing formaldehyde harmful gas |
| CN104529330A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-22 | 德清扬泰建筑材料有限公司 | Environment-friendly fireproof dry-mixed mortar for exterior wall |
| CN104725029A (en) * | 2015-03-22 | 2015-06-24 | 周光惠 | Composite ceramic toughened ceramic brick with humidity adjusting function and production method thereof |
| CN104725030A (en) * | 2015-03-22 | 2015-06-24 | 周光惠 | High-strength ceramic brick with humidity adjustment function and production method thereof |
| CN104725028A (en) * | 2015-03-22 | 2015-06-24 | 周光惠 | High-strength ceramic tile with humidity adjusting function and production method thereof |
| CN104744018A (en) * | 2015-03-22 | 2015-07-01 | 周光惠 | Ceramic tile with humidity adjusting function and production method of ceramic tile |
| CN106145824A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-11-23 | 德清扬泰建筑材料有限公司 | A kind of dry powder for inner wall mortar with effect of calming the nerves and preparation method thereof |
| CN106892676A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-27 | 淡江大学 | Damping ceramics and preparation method thereof |
| CN111170673A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-19 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Composite nano material for anti-seepage partition wall and preparation method thereof |
| CN111393085A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-07-10 | 闫明亮 | Environment-friendly diatom ooze and preparation method thereof |
| CN113387621A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-09-14 | 刘德武 | Diatom ooze material processing method |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1632010A (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2005-06-29 | 中国建筑材料科学研究院 | Decoration paint with air-purifying, sterilization and dampness adjusting function for internal wall |
| WO2006068161A1 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2006-06-29 | Polyplastics Co., Ltd. | Polyarylene sulfide resin composition and method for producing same |
| CN101597160A (en) * | 2009-07-13 | 2009-12-09 | 遂昌碧岩生态资源开发行 | A kind of carbon-containing wall surface decoration materials and preparation method thereof |
| CN101618958A (en) * | 2009-07-21 | 2010-01-06 | 青岛川一硅藻土有限公司 | Kieselguhr wall material, preparation technology and construction technology thereof |
| CN101935188A (en) * | 2009-07-02 | 2011-01-05 | 余春冠 | Stereoscopic coating for removing harmful gases |
-
2011
- 2011-05-06 CN CN 201110116274 patent/CN102249638B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1632010A (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2005-06-29 | 中国建筑材料科学研究院 | Decoration paint with air-purifying, sterilization and dampness adjusting function for internal wall |
| WO2006068161A1 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2006-06-29 | Polyplastics Co., Ltd. | Polyarylene sulfide resin composition and method for producing same |
| CN101935188A (en) * | 2009-07-02 | 2011-01-05 | 余春冠 | Stereoscopic coating for removing harmful gases |
| CN101597160A (en) * | 2009-07-13 | 2009-12-09 | 遂昌碧岩生态资源开发行 | A kind of carbon-containing wall surface decoration materials and preparation method thereof |
| CN101618958A (en) * | 2009-07-21 | 2010-01-06 | 青岛川一硅藻土有限公司 | Kieselguhr wall material, preparation technology and construction technology thereof |
Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103030421A (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2013-04-10 | 韩方超 | Preparation method of diatom mud wall material with hygroscopic property, respiratory property and antibacterial property |
| CN103030421B (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2014-12-31 | 潍坊泥博士新型材料有限公司 | Preparation method of diatom mud wall material with hygroscopic property, respiratory property and antibacterial property |
| CN103212368A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-07-24 | 胡勇 | Multi-functional photocatalyst diatom purification particles and preparation method thereof |
| CN103351688A (en) * | 2013-06-22 | 2013-10-16 | 天长市开林化工有限公司 | Preparation method of interior wall putty capable of eliminating formaldehyde |
| CN103351697A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-10-16 | 天长市开林化工有限公司 | Elastic thermal insulation exterior wall putty |
| CN104448956A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-03-25 | 刘立先 | Diatom ooze coating material capable of purifying air and absorbing and decomposing formaldehyde harmful gas |
| CN104150948A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-11-19 | 华南理工大学 | Composite light weight ceramic ecological building material with humidifying function and preparation method thereof |
| CN104529330A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-22 | 德清扬泰建筑材料有限公司 | Environment-friendly fireproof dry-mixed mortar for exterior wall |
| CN104529330B (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-09-21 | 德清扬泰建筑材料有限公司 | A kind of environment-friendly fireproof dry powder for inner wall mortar |
| CN104725028A (en) * | 2015-03-22 | 2015-06-24 | 周光惠 | High-strength ceramic tile with humidity adjusting function and production method thereof |
| CN104725030A (en) * | 2015-03-22 | 2015-06-24 | 周光惠 | High-strength ceramic brick with humidity adjustment function and production method thereof |
| CN104744018A (en) * | 2015-03-22 | 2015-07-01 | 周光惠 | Ceramic tile with humidity adjusting function and production method of ceramic tile |
| CN104725029A (en) * | 2015-03-22 | 2015-06-24 | 周光惠 | Composite ceramic toughened ceramic brick with humidity adjusting function and production method thereof |
| CN106892676A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-27 | 淡江大学 | Damping ceramics and preparation method thereof |
| CN106892676B (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2020-01-03 | 淡江大学 | Humidity-regulating ceramic and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106145824A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-11-23 | 德清扬泰建筑材料有限公司 | A kind of dry powder for inner wall mortar with effect of calming the nerves and preparation method thereof |
| CN111170673A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-19 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Composite nano material for anti-seepage partition wall and preparation method thereof |
| CN111393085A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-07-10 | 闫明亮 | Environment-friendly diatom ooze and preparation method thereof |
| CN111393085B (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2022-03-29 | 浙江蓝天知识产权运营管理有限公司 | Environment-friendly diatom ooze and preparation method thereof |
| CN113387621A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-09-14 | 刘德武 | Diatom ooze material processing method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102249638B (en) | 2013-06-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102249638B (en) | Environment-friendly diatom decorative mud powder capable of automatic humidification / formaldehyde elimination / antibiosis / flame retardation | |
| CN102249694B (en) | Production method of lightweight ceramic bricks | |
| CN101700965B (en) | Environment-friendly diatom ooze wall material powder and wall material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105669152B (en) | Indoor wall basalis, which is used, has the levelling mud of purification function and preparation, construction method | |
| CN103086619B (en) | The preparation method of building waste micro-powder composite admixture | |
| CN105060786B (en) | A kind of feldspar waste material concrete and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101492263A (en) | Wax shale gray slag base polymer gelled material | |
| CN102491730B (en) | Method for preparing artificial vesuvianite building block from Bayer red mud | |
| CN105131692A (en) | Shell powder putty and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN109437753B (en) | Inorganic stone and production process thereof | |
| CN104944862A (en) | Energy-saving wall material produced by using construction solid wastes and producing method of wall material | |
| CN109206062A (en) | A kind of extrusion molding alkali-activated carbonatite flyash-alkaline residue decorative plate of outer wall and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107902966A (en) | A kind of unburned red mud porcelain granule mixture and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111217582A (en) | Waste red brick powder-based mineral polymer inorganic dry powder texture coating and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109704711A (en) | Zeolite prepares the non-autoclaved and unburned brick of iron tailings | |
| CN109206060A (en) | It is a kind of using steel slag-gangue as the plate of primary raw material | |
| CN101486541B (en) | Building mortar densification powder and preparation | |
| CN109206088A (en) | A kind of preparation method of decorative panel | |
| CN109206101A (en) | A kind of stream slurry shaping powder coal ash-alkaline residue cementitious material purposes | |
| CN107216080A (en) | A kind of environmental protection brick | |
| CN107265902A (en) | A kind of purposes of alkali-activator | |
| CN103274634A (en) | Composition for preparing interior wall paint | |
| CN109206077A (en) | A kind of purposes of alkali-activated carbonatite flyash | |
| CN105566977B (en) | Indoor wall intermediate layer has purification function leveling putty and its construction method | |
| CN109206067A (en) | A kind of purposes of alkali-activated carbonatite steel slag |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20130612 Termination date: 20150506 |
|
| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |