CN108658964A - 多晶型物 - Google Patents
多晶型物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108658964A CN108658964A CN201810666169.9A CN201810666169A CN108658964A CN 108658964 A CN108658964 A CN 108658964A CN 201810666169 A CN201810666169 A CN 201810666169A CN 108658964 A CN108658964 A CN 108658964A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- bases
- polymorph
- tetrahydrochysene
- pyrans
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 125000004793 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group Chemical group FC(CO*)(F)F 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 69
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Abstract
本发明涉及多晶型物。具体地,本发明涉及4‑{[4‑({[4‑(2,2,2‑三氟乙氧基)‑1,2‑苯并异噁唑‑3‑基]氧基}甲基)呱啶‑1‑基]甲基}‑四氢‑2H‑吡喃‑4‑羧酸的新型晶体形式。更具体而言,本发明涉及多晶型物IV、多晶型物V及多晶型物VI和制备这些多晶型物的方法、含有这些多晶型物的组合物以及这些多晶型物的用途。
Description
本申请为国际申请PCT/JP2013/006853于2015年5月8日进入中国国家阶段、申请号为201380058522.0、发明名称为“多晶型物”的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸的新型晶体形式。
更具体而言,本发明涉及多晶型物(多晶型物I、多晶型物II、多晶型物III、多晶型物IV、多晶型物V及多晶型物VI)和制备这些多晶型物的方法、含有这些多晶型物的组合物以及这些多晶型物的用途。
背景技术
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸在专利文献1中作为5-HT4受体拮抗剂公开,该5-HT4受体拮抗剂在治疗或缓解由5-HT4受体活性,尤其是由5-HT4受体激动活性介导的疾病病症中有用,所述疾病病症例如为胃食管反流疾病(GERD)、胃肠疾病、胃动力障碍(gastricmotility disorder)、非溃疡性消化不良、功能性消化不良(FD)、肠易激综合症(IBS)、便秘、消化不良、食道炎、胃食管疾病、胃炎、恶心、中枢神经系统疾病、阿尔茨海默氏(Alzheimer)病、认知障碍、呕吐、偏头痛、神经疾病、疼痛、心血管疾病、心力衰竭、心律失常、糖尿病以及呼吸暂停综合症(参见非专利文献1至13以及专利文献2至7)。
先前已知的在专利文献1中所记载的制备4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸的方法只制造了一种白色固体。因此,关于晶体或晶体形式的混合物一般没有被公开。
{参考文献}
{专利文献}
{专利文献1}WO 2006/090224
{专利文献2}美国专利第6,106,864号
{专利文献3}WO 00/35298
{专利文献4}WO 91/11172
{专利文献5}WO 94/02518
{专利文献6}WO 98/55148
{专利文献7}PCT/JP2012/003288
{非专利文献}
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发明内容
如本领域技术人员所熟知,从包括药物的剂型和制备在内的各个方面来说,在药物研制中,理想的目标是找到或制备晶体或晶体形式(参见Byrn S.R.等人,Solid-StateChemistry of Drugs第2版,3-43页以及461-503页,1999,SSCI,Inc.)。
根据技术,自4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸这种化合物由Pfizer Inc.在2006年公开(WO2006/090224)以来,人们一直致力于寻找或制备所述化合物的晶体或晶体形式。例如,诸如乙酸乙酯之类的酯、诸如甲醇、乙醇和异丙醇之类的醇、诸如乙腈之类的腈、诸如二乙醚、MTBE(甲基第三丁基醚)之类的醚、诸如丙酮和甲基乙基酮之类的酮、诸如二氯甲烷和氯彷之类的卤代烃等被用作重结晶溶剂,但是上述这些溶剂均导致失败。
尽管作出这么大的努力,但是还未鉴定出所述化合物的药学上合适的晶体形式。
如上所述,当以本领域技术人员常用的方式使用乙酸乙酯作为重结晶溶剂时,仅仅得到不成功的结果。在彻底和仔细研究后,本发明的发明人设法找出了使用乙酸乙酯制备晶体形式的非常特殊的且独一无二的条件,该条件可提供所述化合物的长期期待的晶体形式(多晶型物I)。
如本发明的操作实施例中所公开,将所述化合物的白色固体悬浮于乙酸乙酯中在40℃下持续1天并且在室温(通常为15至35℃)下持续5天,从而得到多晶型物I。本领域技术人员从未想到过这样的结晶条件。
多晶型物II已从在如上所述的特殊条件下得到的多晶型物I中得到。多晶型物I在110℃或更高温度下转化为多晶型物II,但是当将多晶型物II冷却至室温时,得到的多晶型物II在诸如氮气流之类的测量条件下转变为多晶型物I。本发明的发明人还发现在15至35℃范围的室温下得到多晶型物II的条件。
此外,一旦得到晶体形式的晶种,则相同晶体形式一般能够在小规模合成中轻松得到。在大规模合成中,温度控制对于制备药学上合适的晶体形式而言是必要的。
根据技术,多晶型物I和多晶型物II由本申请的同一申请人作为PCT/JP2012/003288已做过申请,但目前为止从未公开于众。
多晶型物III可在下述条件下从多晶型物I中得到。在较高的相对湿度条件例如70℃/75%RH下,多晶型物I转化为多晶型物III。并且,在25℃/60%RH条件下,多晶型物I也逐渐转化为多晶型物III。
另外,多晶型物III也可在于异丙醇或乙醇中混合3至5%(v/v)的水,并使用多晶型物III的晶种的条件下来得到。
多晶型物IV也可在下述条件下从多晶型物III中得到。在90℃下,多晶型物III开始转化为多晶型物IV,并且在100℃下,完全转化为多晶型物IV。
多晶型物V也可在下述条件下从多晶型物I中得到。在水中悬浮的条件下,多晶型物I转化为多晶型物V。另外,多晶型物V还可在于四氢呋喃中混合10至50%(v/v)的水的条件下得到。
多晶型物VI可在下述条件下从多晶型物I中得到。多晶型物VI也可在于丙酮中混合5至10%(v/v)的水、于乙腈中混合5至10%(v/v)的水或者于四氢呋喃中混合5%(v/v)的水的条件下得到。
当对多晶型物VI进行干燥时,多晶型物VI转化为多晶型物III。
本发明的目的在于提供4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸的药学上合适的晶体形式,该晶体形式可轻松地、经济地并且可再生地制备成用于具有诸如稳定性和生物利用度等始终如一的性能特征的药物剂型中。本发明的目的还在于提供制备这些多晶型物的方法、含有这些多晶型物的组合物以及这些多晶型物的用途。
因此,本发明提供以下:
[1]
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物III,其通过由Cu-K alfa放射线辐射得到的粉末X-射线衍射图谱(PXRD)来表征,该图谱包括2-theta 5.5,10.1,10.9,13.9,15.7,18.5,18.9,20.8,21.8和23.6(°)位置的主峰,其中,每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度。
[2]
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物III,其通过红外(IR)光谱(漫反射)来表征,该光谱显示出4376-4370,3525-3519,3462,2946-2940,2127,1713,1624,1537,1508,1441,1368,1287,1157,1121,1103,1063,1034,1013,916,870,816,781,746,733,654,619,590和556cm-1位置的吸收谱带,其中,每个峰具有+/-2cm-1的误差幅度。
[3]
[1]或[2]所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物III,其进一步通过差示扫描量热分析(DSC)来表征,在该差示扫描量热分析中,该多晶型物III表现出在170℃下发生吸热,其中,该温度具有+/-1℃的误差幅度。
[4]
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物IV,其通过由Cu-K alfa放射线辐射得到的粉末X-射线衍射图谱(PXRD)来表征,该图谱包括2-theta 5.6,9.8,10.2,11.3,13.6,13.8,15.7,17.0,18.7,19.3,21.3和22.8(°)位置的主峰,其中,每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度。
[5]
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物V,其通过由Cu-K alfa放射线辐射得到的粉末X-射线衍射图谱(PXRD)来表征,该图谱包括2-theta 5.2,10.0,10.3,11.6,15.5,17.7,18.6,19.2,20.5,21.7,22.4和24.3(°)位置的主峰,其中,每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度。
[6]
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物V,其通过红外(IR)光谱(漫反射)来表征,该光谱显示出4381-4375,4130,2853,2760,1701,1630,1618,1541,1387,1281,1186,1171,1157,1123,1103,1069,1032,1013,991,962,917,787,748,731,660和650cm-1位置的吸收谱带,其中,每个峰具有+/-2cm-1的误差幅度。
[7]
[5]或[6]所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物V,其进一步通过差示扫描量热分析(DSC)来表征,在该差示扫描量热分析中,该多晶型物V表现出在169℃下发生吸热,其中,该温度具有+/-1℃的误差幅度。
[8]
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物VI,其通过由Cu-K alfa放射线辐射得到的粉末X-射线衍射图谱(PXRD)来表征,该图谱包括2-theta 10.3,10.6,11.4,12.6,18.8,19.2,19.5,20.2,21.2和21.7(°)位置的主峰,其中,每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度。
[9]
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物VI,其通过红外(IR)光谱(漫反射)来表征,该光谱显示出4378-4372,3944,3467-3461,3306,2959,2884,2835,1711,1537,970,920,883和785cm-1位置的吸收谱带,其中,每个峰具有+/-2cm-1的误差幅度。
[10]
[8]或[9]所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物VI,其进一步通过差示扫描量热分析(DSC)来表征,在该差示扫描量热分析中,该多晶型物VI表现出在170℃下发生吸热,其中,该温度具有+/-1℃的误差幅度。
[11]
一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含[1]至[10]中任一项所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物以及一种以上药学上可接受的赋形剂。
[12]
[1]至[10]中任一项所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物用作药物。
[13]
[1]至[10]中任一项所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物或[11]所述的药物组合物在制备用于治愈性治疗、缓解性治疗或预防性治疗由5-HT4受体活性介导的疾病病症的药物中的用途。
[14]
一种治疗由5-HT4受体活性介导的疾病病症的方法,所述方法包括将有效量的[1]至[10]中任一项所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物或[11]所述的药物组合物给药于需要这种治疗的包括人类在内的动物。
[15]
一种制备[1]至[3]中任一项所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物III的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:在15至35℃的室温或更高温度下,将多晶型物I暴露在60至100%范围内的相对湿度条件下。
[16]
一种制备[1]至[3]中任一项所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物III的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:将多晶型物I暴露于在醇、优选在乙醇或异丙醇中混合3至5%(v/v)的水的条件下。
[17]
一种制备[4]所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物IV的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:将多晶型物III置于90至115℃的气氛中,优选置于90℃至100℃的气氛中。
[18]
一种制备[5]至[7]中任一项所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物V的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:在水与有机溶剂的混合物中不形成其他多晶型物,就将多晶型物I暴露在多晶型物V的形成条件下。更具体而言,本方法例如可通过下述实施例7中所记载的方式来进行。
[19]
一种制备[8]至[10]中任一项所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物VI的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:在水与有机溶剂的混合物中不形成其他多晶型物,就将多晶型物I暴露在多晶型物VI的形成条件下。
发明效果
如上所述,从包括药物的剂型和制备在内的各个方面来说,本发明的目的在于在药物研制中找到或制造晶体或晶体形式。现已出乎意料地发现,本发明的目的已被本发明实现,本发明的目的在于提供4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸的晶体多晶型物(称为多晶型物I、形式II、形式III、形式IV、形式V及形式VI)。
尽管本领域技术人员作出这么大的努力,但是还未鉴定出所述化合物的药学上合适的晶体形式。
本发明的所有多晶型物具有超过现有技术WO 2006/090224中公开的白色固体的优秀且意想不到的优势。发现多晶型物I和多晶型物II比现有技术WO 2006/090224中公开的白色固体更加稳定。此外,在吸湿性方面来说,多晶型物I和多晶型物II这两者都具有超过现有技术WO 2006/090224中公开的白色固体的优秀且意想不到的优势。
另外,与现有技术WO 2006/090224中公开的白色固体相比,多晶型物III和多晶型物V具有较低吸湿性。
如上所述,与现有技术WO 2006/090224中公开的白色固体相比,多晶型物I具有优异的固态稳定性,但是多晶型物III比多晶型物I具有更加优秀的固态稳定性。
多晶型物IV是优异的多晶型物III的中间体,这是因为只要对多晶型物IV进行冷却,就容易转换为多晶型物III。多晶型物VI也是优异的多晶型物III的中间体,这是因为只要对多晶型物VI进行干燥,就容易转换为多晶型物III。
此外,本发明的多晶型物被判定为适于大规模合成。这些具有适于固体剂型开发的固态性质。
附图说明
{图1}图1是表示通过WO 2006/090224的实施例1中所记载的制备4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸的方法得到的参比产物的PXRD图谱。
{图2}图2是表示4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物I的PXRD图谱。
{图3}图3是表示4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物I的IR光谱(KBr)。
{图4}图4是表示4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物I的IR光谱(漫反射)。
{图5}图5是表示4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物II的PXRD图谱。
{图6}图6是表示4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物II的IR光谱(KBr)。
{图7}图7是表示4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物III的PXRD图谱。
{图8}图8是表示4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物III的IR光谱(漫反射)。
{图9}图9是表示4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物IV的PXRD图谱。
{图10}图10是表示4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物V的PXRD图谱。
{图11}图11是表示4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物V的IR光谱(漫反射)。
{图12}图12是表示4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物VI的PXRD图谱。
{图13}图13是表示4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物VI的IR光谱(漫反射)。
{图14}图14是表示多晶型物I、多晶型物III、多晶型物V及现有技术WO 2006/090224中公开的白色固体在各RH条件下的质量%的变化(重量增加%)。
具体实施方式
因此,本发明提供以下晶体:
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物I,其通过由Cu-K alfa放射线辐射得到的粉末X-射线衍射图谱(PXRD)来表征,该图谱包括2-theta 5.9,9.3,9.8,11.9,13.7,14.3,15.0,17.8,18.2-19.3,19.7,22.6,23.4-24.5和24.9(°)位置的主峰,其中,每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度;
如上所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物I,其进一步通过差示扫描量热分析(DSC)来表征,在该差示扫描量热分析中,该多晶型物I表现出在169℃下发生吸热,其中,该温度具有+/-1℃的误差幅度;
如上所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物I,其通过红外(IR)光谱(KBr)来表征,该光谱显示出2948,1723,1615,1535,1506,1437,1383,1366,1287,1262,1245,1180,1164,1120,1095,1059,1032,992,974,935,918,869,858,828,784,746,732,654和556(cm-1)位置的吸收谱带,其中,每个峰具有+/-2(cm-1)的误差幅度;
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物II,其通过由Cu-K alfa放射线辐射得到的粉末X-射线衍射图谱(PXRD)来表征,该图谱包括2-theta 5.8,9.7,10.5,11.8,12.4,13.5,14.2,14.6-14.9,15.4,17.8,18.2,19.9-20.5,21.2,21.8,23.6,24.1和24.6(°)位置的主峰,其中,每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度;
如上所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物II,其进一步通过差示扫描量热分析(DSC)来表征,在该差示扫描量热分析中,该多晶型物II表现出在167至169℃下发生吸热;以及
如上所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物II,其进一步通过红外(IR)光谱(KBr)来表征,该光谱显示出2950,1724,1614,1534,1507,1438,1383,1366,1287,1262,1245,1180,1164,1121,1095,1059,1031,992,974,935,918,869,857,828,784,746,732,654和555(cm-1)位置的吸收谱带,其中,每个峰具有+/-2(cm-1)的误差幅度;
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物III,其通过由Cu-K alfa放射线辐射得到的粉末X-射线衍射图谱(PXRD)来表征,该图谱包括2-theta 5.5,10.1,10.9,13.9,15.7,18.5,18.9,20.8,21.8和23.6(°)位置的主峰,其中,每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度;
如上所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物III,其进一步通过差示扫描量热分析(DSC)来表征,在该差示扫描量热分析中,该多晶型物III表现出在170℃下发生吸热,其中,该温度具有+/-1℃的误差幅度;
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物IV,其通过由Cu-K alfa放射线辐射得到的PXRD来表征,该图谱包括2-theta 5.6,9.8,10.2,11.3,13.6,13.8,15.7,17.0,18.7,19.3,21.3和22.8(°)位置的主峰,其中,每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度;
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物V,其通过由Cu-K alfa放射线辐射得到的粉末X-射线衍射图谱(PXRD)来表征,该图谱包括2-theta 5.2,10.0,10.3,11.6,15.5,17.7,18.6,19.2,20.5,21.7,22.4和24.3(°)位置的主峰,其中,每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度;
如上所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物V,其进一步通过差示扫描量热分析(DSC)来表征,在该差示扫描量热分析中,该多晶型物V表现出在169℃下发生吸热,其中,该温度具有+/-1℃的误差幅度;
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物VI,其通过由Cu-K alfa放射线辐射得到的粉末X-射线衍射图谱(PXRD)来表征,该图谱包括2-theta 10.3,10.6,11.4,12.6,18.8,19.2,19.5,20.2,21.2和21.7(°)位置的主峰,其中,每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度;
如上所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物VI,其进一步通过差示扫描量热分析(DSC)来表征,在该差示扫描量热分析中,该多晶型物VI表现出在170℃下发生吸热,其中,该温度具有+/-1℃的误差幅度;
本发明的另一方式在于提供本发明的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物用作药物。
本发明的又一方式在于提供本发明的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物在制备用于治疗由5-HT4受体拮抗剂介导的任何疾病的药物中的用途,尤其是在制备用于治愈性治疗、预防性治疗或缓解性治疗下述疾病的药物中的用途,所述疾病为胃食管反流疾病(GERD)、胃肠疾病、胃动力障碍、非溃疡性消化不良、功能性消化不良(FD)、肠易激综合症(IBS)、便秘、消化不良、食道炎、胃食管疾病、胃炎、恶心、中枢神经系统疾病、阿尔茨海默氏病、认知障碍、呕吐、偏头痛、神经疾病、疼痛、心血管疾病、心力衰竭、心律失常、糖尿病以及呼吸暂停综合症。
作为可选的方式,本发明提供用于治疗由5-HT4受体拮抗剂介导的任何疾病的方法,尤其是治愈性治疗、预防性治疗或缓解性治疗胃食管反流疾病(GERD)、胃肠疾病、胃动力障碍、非溃疡性消化不良、功能性消化不良(FD)、肠易激综合症(IBS)、便秘、消化不良、食道炎、胃食管疾病、胃炎、恶心、中枢神经系统疾病、阿尔茨海默氏病、认知障碍、呕吐、偏头痛、神经疾病、疼痛、心血管疾病、心力衰竭、心律失常、糖尿病以及呼吸暂停综合症的方法,所述方法包括将治疗有效量的本发明的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物给药于需要这种治疗的包括人类在内的动物。
本发明的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]-甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物在全身性治疗由5-HT4受体活性介导的疾病病症中有用。
本发明的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]-甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物还在治疗下列失调或病症中有用,所述失调或病症选自由以下所构成的组:胃食管反流疾病(GERD)、胃肠疾病、胃动力障碍、非溃疡性消化不良、功能性消化不良(FD)、肠易激综合症(IBS)、便秘、消化不良、食道炎、胃食管疾病、胃炎、恶心、中枢神经系统疾病、阿尔茨海默氏病、认知障碍、呕吐、偏头痛、神经疾病、疼痛、心血管疾病、心力衰竭、心律失常、糖尿病以及呼吸暂停综合症。
下面,将对WO 2006/090224和实施例部分所记载的用于制备4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸的合成过程进行说明。
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物I可通过从4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸的乙酸乙酯溶液中结晶来进行制备。
包括乙酸乙酯在内的有机溶剂可用于多晶型物I的结晶。优选可以与乙酸乙酯混合的溶剂的例子包括选自由以下所构成组的一种以上溶剂:水、诸如甲醇、乙醇和丙醇之类的醇、诸如二乙醚、第三丁基甲基醚、二氧六环和四氢呋喃之类的醚、诸如己烷、庚烷、环己烷、二氯甲烷、氯彷、苯、甲苯和二甲苯之类的烃、诸如丙酮和甲基乙基酮之类的酮、诸如二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基乙酰胺之类的酰胺以及诸如二甲基亚砜之类的亚砜。
重结晶时的温度降低速度取决于该化合物的浓度,在浓度约0.1mg/mL至约200mg/mL时,重结晶时的温度降低速度通常低于100℃/小时。优选低于50℃/小时,更优选低于20℃/小时,以及最优选低于5℃/小时可用于重结晶。
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物II可通过将多晶型物I置于110℃或更高温度下来进行制备。
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物III可通过在相对湿度条件下从多晶型物I中转化来进行制备。相对湿度可在15至35℃以上范围的室温下,在60至100%范围内变动。
另外,多晶型物III也可通过在水与异丙醇的混合物中,任意使用多晶型物III的晶种,从多晶型物I中转化来得到。可以于在醇中混合3至5%(v/v)水的条件下,不形成其他多晶型物,就得到多晶型物III。优选醇的例子包括乙醇、异丙醇等,但不限定于此。
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物IV可通过在90至100℃下,从多晶型物III中转化来得到。多晶型物IV在高达115℃下保持稳定性。
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物V可在于水中悬浮的条件下,从多晶型物I中转化来得到。
另外,多晶型物V也可通过在水与有机溶剂的混合物中,从多晶型物I中转化来得到。水在有机溶剂中的比例取决于所使用的溶剂。例如,在四氢呋喃的情况下,可在四氢呋喃中混合10%(v/v)以上的水来得到多晶型物V。在异丙醇的情况下,可在异丙醇中混合20%(v/v)以上的水来得到多晶型物V。在丙酮或乙腈的情况下,可通过在丙酮或乙腈中混合50%(v/v)以上的水来得到多晶型物V。
有机溶剂的例子包括四氢呋喃、异丙醇、乙醇、丙酮、乙腈等,但不限定于此。
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物VI可通过在水与有机溶剂的混合物中,从多晶型物I中转化来得到。水在有机溶剂中的比例取决于所使用的溶剂。例如,在丙酮的情况下,可在丙酮中混合5至10%(v/v)的水来得到多晶型物VI。在乙腈的情况下,可在乙腈中混合5至10%(v/v)的水来得到多晶型物VI。在四氢呋喃的情况下,可在四氢呋喃中混合5%(v/v)的水来得到多晶型物VI。
有机溶剂的例子包括四氢呋喃、异丙醇、乙醇、乙腈、丙酮等,但不限定于此。
本发明的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]-甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物可单独给药或者可与一种以上其它药物联合(或作为其组合)给药。通常,它们可作为与一种以上药学上可接受的赋形剂结合的剂型给药。本申请中所使用的术语“赋形剂”描述除了本发明的化合物之外的任何成分。赋形剂的选择很大程度上取决于诸如特定的给药模式、赋形剂在溶解性和稳定性方面的作用以及剂型的性质之类的因素。
因此,作为本发明的另一方式,本发明提供一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)-呱啶-1-基]甲基}四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物和一种以上合适的赋形剂。所述组合物适于治疗由5-HT4受体活性介导的疾病病症。
本申请中所使用的术语“多晶型物”包括多晶型物I和、多晶型物II、多晶型物III、多晶型物IV、多晶型物V和/或多晶型物VI。
本发明的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物的重量纯度不受限制,但是优选地,基本上纯的多晶型物可用于本发明的特定实施方式。
为了避免引起疑问,在本申请中使用术语“基本上纯的”时是指至少90重量%纯度。更优选“基本上纯的”是指至少95重量%纯度,以及最优选是指至少98重量%纯度。
本申请中提及的“治疗”包括治愈性的、缓解性的和预防性的治疗。
对于非人类的动物给药而言,本申请中所使用的术语“药学上的”可由“兽药的”来代替。
适于递送本发明的多晶型物的药物组合物和制备方法对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。这些组合物和制备方法可在例如Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,第19版(Mack出版公司,1995)中找到。
口服给药
本发明的多晶型物可口服给药。口服给药可包括吞咽,以使得该化合物进入胃肠道,和/或颊部给药、舌给药或舌下给药,由此该化合物直接从嘴进入血流。
适于口服给药的剂型包括诸如片剂之类的固体、半固体和液体系统;含有多个颗粒或含有纳米颗粒、液体或粉末的软胶囊或硬胶囊;锭剂(包括液体填充类型);咀嚼物;胶体;快速分散剂型;薄膜;卵形栓剂(ovule);喷雾剂;和颊部贴片或粘膜粘着贴片。
液体剂型包括悬浮液、溶液、糖浆和酏剂。这些剂型可用作软胶囊或硬胶囊(例如,由凝胶或羟丙基甲基纤维素制备)中的填充剂并且通常包含载体和一种以上乳化剂和/或悬浮剂,所述载体例如水、乙醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、甲基纤维素或合适的油。液体剂型也可通过例如装在药袋中的固体的复原(reconstitution)来进行制备。
本发明的多晶型物也可用于快速溶解剂型、快速崩解剂型中,例如,由Liang和Chen(2001)发表的Expert Opinion in Therapeutic Patents,11(6),981-986中所记载的那些剂型。
对于片剂剂型而言,基于剂量,药物可占剂型的1重量%至80重量%,更通常地,可占剂型的5重量%至60重量%。除了药物之外,片剂通常含有崩解剂。崩解剂的例子包括淀粉乙醇酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素钙、交联羧甲基纤维素钠(croscarmellosesodium)、交联聚维酮、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、低级烷基取代的羟丙基纤维素、淀粉、预凝胶化的淀粉和藻酸钠。通常,崩解剂占剂型的1重量%至25重量%,优选占5重量%至20重量%。
粘合剂通常用于为片剂剂型赋予粘合性质。合适的粘合剂包括微晶纤维素、凝胶、糖、聚乙二醇、天然的和合成的树胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、预凝胶化的淀粉、羟丙基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素。片剂还可含有稀释剂,例如乳糖(一水乳糖、喷雾干燥的一水乳糖、无水乳糖等)、甘露醇、木糖醇、右旋糖(dextrose)、蔗糖、山梨醇、微晶纤维素、淀粉和磷酸氢钙二水合物。任选地,片剂还可包含表面活性剂(例如,月桂基硫酸钠和聚山梨醇酯80)和助流剂(例如,二氧化硅和滑石)。当存在表面活性剂和助流剂时,表面活性剂可占片剂的0.2重量%至5重量%,助流剂可占片剂的0.2重量%至1重量%。
片剂通常还含有润滑剂,例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、硬脂富马酸钠以及硬脂酸镁与月桂基硫酸钠的混合物。润滑剂通常占片剂的0.25重量%至10重量%,优选占0.5重量%至3重量%。
其他可能的成分包括抗氧化剂、着色剂、调味剂、防腐剂和味道掩蔽剂。
示例性的片剂包含高达约80%的药物、约10重量%至约90重量%的粘合剂、约0重量%至约85重量%的稀释剂、约2重量%至约10重量%的崩解剂以及约0.25重量%至约10重量%的润滑剂。
片剂混合物可被直接压缩或通过滚轮压缩以形成片剂。或者,在压片之前,片剂混合物或混合物的一部分可实施湿式造粒、干式造粒或熔融造粒、熔融冻凝(meltcongealed)或挤压。最终的剂型可包括一个或一个以上层并且可以包被或未包被,其甚至可以被胶囊化。
在由H.Lieberman和L.Lachman发表的Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms:Tablets,Vol.1(Marcel Dekker,纽约,1980)中对片剂剂型进行了讨论。
人类或兽用消耗性口服薄膜通常为柔软的、可溶于水或水可膨润的薄膜剂型,该薄膜剂型可快速溶解或粘膜粘着,并且通常包含根据本发明的多晶型物、成膜聚合物、粘合剂、溶剂、润湿剂、增塑剂、稳定剂或乳化剂、粘度改性剂和溶剂。剂型的一些成分可发挥一种以上的作用。
本发明的多晶型物可以溶于水或不溶于水。溶于水的化合物通常占溶质的1重量%至80重量%,更通常地,占溶质的20重量%至50重量%。可溶性较小的化合物可构成组合物的较大部分,典型地,高达溶质的88重量%。或者,本发明的多晶型物可为多颗粒小球(multiparticulate bead)的形式。
成膜聚合物可选自天然的多糖、蛋白质或合成的亲水胶体,并且通常在0.01至99重量%的范围内,更通常地,在30至80重量%的范围内存在。
其他可能的成分包括抗氧化剂、着色剂、调味剂和风味增强剂、防腐剂、唾液刺激剂、冷却剂、共溶剂(包括油)、润肤剂,膨胀剂、消泡剂、表面活性剂和味道掩蔽剂。
根据本发明的薄膜通常通过对涂布于可剥离的背板(backing support)或纸上的薄的含水膜进行蒸发干燥来进行制备。
所述干燥可在干燥箱或烘干隧道中进行,通常在组合的涂布机烘干器中进行或通过冷冻干燥或真空处理来进行。
口服给药的固体剂型可配制成立即释放和/或改良的释放。改良的释放剂型包括延迟释放、持续释放、脉冲释放、控制释放、靶向释放及程式释放。
在美国专利第6,106,864号中对用于本发明目的的合适改良的释放剂型进行了描述。其他合适的释放技术(例如,高能分散、以及渗透性的颗粒和包被的颗粒)的详细内容可在由Verma等人发表的Pharmaceutical Technology On-line,25(2),1-14(2001)中找到。在WO 00/35298中对口香糖在实现控制释放中的用途进行了描述。
肠胃外给药
本发明的多晶型物也可给药直接进入血流,肌肉或内脏器官中。用于肠胃外给药的合适的方式包括静脉内、动脉内、腹膜内、鞘内、心室内、尿道内、胸骨内、颅内、肌肉内、滑膜内和皮下。用于肠胃外给药的合适的设备包括针(包括微针)注射器、无针注射器和输注技术。
肠胃外剂型通常为水性溶液,所述水性溶液可含有诸如盐、糖类和缓冲剂(优选pH为3至9)之类的赋形剂,但是对于一些用途而言,所述肠胃外剂型可更加合适地配制成无菌非水性溶液或与诸如无菌无热原的水之类的合适载体联合使用的干燥的形式。
例如通过冷冻干燥法在无菌条件下制备肠胃外剂型可使用本领域技术人员熟知的标准制药技术轻松完成。
用于肠胃外给药的剂型可配制成立即释放和/或改良的释放。改良的释放剂型包括延迟释放、持续释放、脉冲释放、控制释放、靶向释放及程式释放。因此,本发明的多晶型物可配制成用于给药的悬浮液或固体、半固体或触变性液体作为提供活性化合物的改良的释放的植入储藏库(implanted depot)。这些剂型的例子包括药物包被的支架和半固体以及含有负载了药物的聚乳酸-甘醇酸(poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid))(PLGA)微球的悬浮液。
局部给药
本发明的多晶型物也可局部给药、皮肤(皮内)给药或透皮给药于皮肤或粘膜。用于该目的的典型的剂型包括胶体、水凝胶、洗液、溶液、霜剂、软膏、隔离剂、敷料剂、泡沫、薄膜、皮肤贴片、晶片、埋植剂、海绵、纤维、绷带和微乳液。也可使用脂质体。典型的载体包括醇、水、矿物油、液体凡士林、白色凡士林、甘油、聚乙二醇和丙二醇。渗透促进剂可被併入-参见,例如,J Pharm Sci,88(10),955-958,由Finnin和Morgan发表(1999年10月)。
局部给药的其他方法包括通过电穿孔法、离子透入法、音波透入法、超音波透入法及微针或无针(例如Powderject(商标)、Bioject(商标)等)注射递送。局部给药也可使用诸如透皮离子透入贴片之类的贴片来实现。
用于局部给药的剂型可配制为立即释放和/或改良的释放。改良的释放剂型包括延迟释放、持续释放、脉冲释放、控制释放、靶向释放及程式释放。
本发明的多晶型物也可鼻内给药或通过吸入给药,典型地,以干粉吸入器中的干燥粉末的形式(单独地作为混合物,例如与乳糖的干燥混合物,或者作为混合成分的颗粒,例如与诸如卵磷脂之类的磷脂混合)给药,作为加压的容器、帮浦、喷雾器,喷射器(优选使用电流体力学产生非常细微的雾的喷射器)或雾化器中的气雾给药(与合适的推进物一同使用或不一同使用,合适的推进物例如为1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷或1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷),或者作为滴鼻剂给药。对于鼻内使用而言,粉末可包含生物粘附剂,例如壳聚糖或环煳精。
加压的容器、帮浦、喷雾器、喷射器或雾化器包含根据本发明的多晶型物的溶液或悬浮液,所述溶液或悬浮液例如包含乙醇、乙醇水溶液或用于活性剂的分散、增溶或延长释放的合适的可选的药剂、作为溶剂的推进物和任意的表面活性剂,所述表面活性剂例如为山梨糖醇酐三油酸酯、油酸或寡聚乳酸。
在用于干燥粉末或悬浮液剂型中之前,药物产品被微粉化至适于通过吸入递送的尺寸(通常小于5微米)。这可通过任何合适的粉碎方法实现,例如螺旋喷射研磨法、流化床喷射研磨法、形成纳米颗粒的超临界流体处理、高压均匀化化法或喷雾干燥法。
在用于吸入器或吹入器中的胶囊(例如,从明胶或羟丙基甲基纤维素制成)、起泡剂(blister)及药筒可配制成含有本发明的化合物、诸如乳糖或淀粉之类的合适的粉体基质以及诸如亮胺酸、甘露醇或硬脂酸镁之类的性能改质剂的粉末混合物。乳糖可为无水的或单水合的形式,优选为后者。其他合适的赋形剂包括葡聚糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、果糖、蔗糖及海藻糖。
用于在喷射器中使用电流体力学生成非常细微的雾的合适的溶液剂型可包括每次推进1μg至20mg的本发明的化合物,并且推进体积可为1μL至100μL。典型的剂型可包括根据本发明的多晶型物、丙二醇、无菌水、乙醇及氯化钠。可替代丙二醇使用的可选的溶剂包括甘油和聚乙二醇。
诸如薄荷脑和左薄荷脑之类的合适的调味剂或诸如糖精或糖精钠之类的甜味剂可添加至意在吸入/鼻内给药的本发明的那些剂型中。
用于吸入/鼻内给药的剂型可使用例如PLGA配制成立即释放和/或改良的释放。改良的释放剂型包括延迟释放、持续释放、脉冲释放、控制释放、靶向释放及程式释放。
在干粉吸入器和气溶胶的情况下,剂量单位通过阀的方式来确定,所述阀递送计量的量。根据本发明的单位通常安排成给药含有1μg至20mg的化合物的计量剂量或“喷量(puff)”。每日总剂量通常为1μg至100mg,可以在一天内单剂量给药,或者更通常为分剂量给药。
直肠/阴道内给药
本发明的多晶型物可直肠或阴道给药,例如以栓剂、子宫套或灌肠剂的形式给药。可可脂为传统的栓剂基质,但是可使用合适的各种可选的栓剂基质。
用于直肠/阴道给药的剂型可配制成立即释放和/或改良的释放。改良的释放剂型包括延迟释放、持续释放、脉冲释放、控制释放、靶向释放及程式释放。
眼部/耳部给药
本发明的多晶型物也可直接给药于眼部或耳部,典型地以微粉化悬浮液的液滴或等渗的经pH调节的无菌盐水溶液的液滴的形式给药。适于眼部和耳部给药的其他剂型包括软膏、凝胶、生物可降解的(例如,可吸收的凝胶海绵、胶原蛋白)和非生物可降解的(例如,硅树脂)埋植剂、晶片、水晶体和颗粒或囊泡体系(例如,类脂囊泡(niosome)或脂质体(liposome))。诸如交联的聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯醇、透明质酸、纤维素聚合物(例如,羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素或甲基纤维素)或杂多糖聚合物(例如,吉兰糖胶)之类的聚合物可与诸如苯扎氯铵之类的防腐剂一起併入。这些剂型还可通过离子透入法来递送。
用于眼部/耳部给药的剂型可被配制成立即释放和/或改良的释放。改良的释放剂型包括延迟释放、持续释放、脉冲释放、控制释放、靶向释放或程式释放。
其他技术
本发明的多晶型物可与可溶的大分子实体(例如,环煳精及其合适的衍生物或含有聚乙二醇的聚合物)结合,以改善其在上述给药模式中的任一种中的溶解性、溶解速度、味道掩蔽、生物利用度和/或稳定性。
例如,发现药物-环煳精複合物通常在大多数剂型和给药途径中有用。可使用包合物和非包合错合物这两种。除了与药物直接错合以外,环煳精可用作辅助添加剂,即,作为载体、稀释剂或增溶剂。通常用于这些目的大多数环煳精为alpha-、beta及gamma-环煳精,这些环煳精的例子可在国际公开专利WO 91/11172、WO 94/02518、WO 98/55148及Evrard,B.,等人,Journal of Controlled Release 96(3),403-410页,2004中找到。
剂量
为了治疗或预防如胃肠疾病等由5-HT4受体活性介导的疾病病状,本发明的多晶型物的合适的剂量水准为约0.0001mg/天至1000mg/天的活性化合物,优选为约0.001mg/天至100mg/天的活性化合物,更优选为约0.005mg/天至50mg/天的活性化合物,最优选为1mg/天至50mg/天的活性化合物。化合物可以每天一次至四次的方案给药。然而,在一些情况下,可使用这些限制之外的剂量。
这些剂量基于体重为约60kg至70kg的一般人类受治者。内科医生能够轻松确定体重在该范围之外的受治者的剂量,例如,婴儿和老年人。为了避免产生疑问,本申请中所提到的“治疗”包括治愈性、缓解性及预防性治疗。
尤其在治疗由5-HT4受体活性介导的疾病病症方面,本发明的多晶型物也可任选地与另一药学上的活性化合物联合使用,或者与两种或两种以上其他药学上的活性化合物联合使用。例如,如上所定义,本发明的多晶型物可与一种以上药剂同时给药、依次给药或分开给药,所述一种以上药剂选自以下:
-阿片类镇痛药,例如吗啡、海洛因、氢吗啡酮、氧吗啡酮、羟甲左吗喃、烯丙左吗喃、美沙酮、哌替啶、芬太奴、可卡因、可待因、双氢可待因、羟考酮、氢可酮、丙氧酚、纳美芬、纳洛芬、纳洛酮、纳曲酮、丁丙诺菲、布托啡诺、纳布啡或戊唑辛;
-非甾体类抗炎药物(NSAID),例如阿司匹林、双氯高灭酸、二氟尼柳、依托度酸、芬布芬、非诺洛芬、氟苯沙酸、氟联苯丙酸、布洛芬、茚甲新、苯酮苯丙酸、酮咯酸、甲氯灭酸、甲灭酸、美洛昔康、萘普酮、萘普生、尼美舒利、硝基氟比洛芬、奥沙拉嗪、噁丙嗪、苯基丁氮酮、吡罗昔康、硫氮磺胺吡啶、舒林酸、托美丁或佐美酸;
-巴比妥类镇静剂,例如异戊巴比妥、阿普比妥、仲丁巴比妥、布他比妥、甲苯巴比妥、美沙比妥、美索比妥、戊巴比妥、苯巴比妥、司可巴比妥、他布酮、硫戊巴比妥或戊硫代巴比妥;
-具有镇静作用的苯二氮,例如氯氮卓、氯卓酸盐、苯甲二氮卓、氟胺安定、萝拉西泮、奥沙西泮、替马西泮或三唑仑;
-具有镇静作用的H1拮抗剂,例如苯海拉明、吡拉明、异丙嗪、氯屈米或氯环嗪;
-镇静剂,例如格鲁米特、甲丙胺酯、安眠酮或氯醛比林;
-骨骼肌肉松弛剂,例如巴氯芬、卡立普多、氯唑沙宗、环苯扎林、美索巴莫或奥芬那君(orphrenadine);
-NMDA受体拮抗剂,例如右美沙芬((+)-3-羟基-N-甲基吗啡烷)或其代谢物右啡烷((+)-3-羟基-N-甲基吗啡烷)、克他命、美金刚、吡咯并喹啉奎宁,顺-4-(膦酰基甲基)-2-呱啶羧酸、布地品、EN-3231(MorphiDex(注册商标)、吗啡与右美沙芬的组合剂型)、托吡酯、奈拉美生(neramexane)或包括NR2B拮抗剂在内的伯井弗帖(perzinfotel),例如艾芬地尔、曲索罗地或(-)-(R)-6-{2-[4-(3-氟苯基)-4-羟基-1-呱啶基]-1-羟基乙基-3,4-二氢-2(1H)-喹啉酮;
-alpha-肾上腺素,例如多沙唑嗪、坦舒罗新、氯压定、胍法新、右美托咪定、莫达非尼或4-胺基-6,7-二甲氧基-2-(5-甲烷-磺酰胺基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-2-基)-5-(2-吡啶基)喹唑啉;
-三环抗抑郁剂,例如地昔帕明、丙咪嗪、阿米替林或去甲替林;
-抗惊厥剂,例如卡马西平、拉莫三嗪、托吡酯或丙戊酸盐;
-速激肽(NK)拮抗剂,具体为NK-3、NK-2或NK-1拮抗剂,例如(alpha R,9R)-7-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基]-8,9,10,11-四氢-9-甲基-5-(4-甲基苯基)-7H-[1,4]二氮芳辛[2,1-g][1,7]-二氮杂萘-6-13-二酮(TAK-637)、5-[[(2R,3S)-2-[(1R)-1-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基]乙氧基-3-(4-氟苯基)-4-吗啉基]甲基]-1,2-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮(MK-869)、阿瑞匹坦、拉奈匹坦、达匹坦或3-[[2-甲氧基-5-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]-甲基胺基]-2-苯基呱啶(2S,3S);
-毒蕈碱拮抗剂,例如奥昔布宁、托特罗定、丙哌维林、曲司氯铵、达非那新、索非那新、替米维林和异丙托铵;
-COX-2选择性抑制剂,例如塞来考昔、罗非考昔、帕瑞考昔、伐地考昔、地拉考昔、艾托考昔或罗美昔布;
-煤焦油镇痛剂,具体而言为,扑热息痛;
-精神抑制药,例如氟哌利多、氯丙嗪、氟哌啶醇、奋乃静、甲硫哒嗪、美索达嗪、三氟啦嗪、氟非那嗪、氯氮平、奥氮平、利哌酮、齐拉西酮、喹硫平、施立碟、阿立哌唑、索奈哌唑、布南色林、伊潘立酮、哌罗匹隆、雷氯必利、佐替平、联苯芦诺(bifeprunox)、阿莫沙平、盐酸鲁拉西酮、氨磺必利、帕潘立酮、派林多(palindore)、依利色林、奥沙奈坦、利莫那班、美兰那坦、Miraxion(注册商标)或沙立佐坦;
-辣椒素受体激动剂(例如,树胶脂毒素)或拮抗剂(例如,抗辣椒碱);
-瞬态受体电位阳离子通道亚型(V1、V2、V3、V4、M8、A1)激动剂或拮抗剂;
-beta-肾上腺素,例如普萘洛尔;
-局部麻醉剂,例如美西律;
-皮质类固醇,例如地塞米松;
-5-HT受体激动剂或拮抗剂,尤其是5-HT1B/1D激动剂,例如依来曲坦、舒马曲坦、那拉曲坦、佐米曲坦或利扎曲坦;
-5-HT2A受体拮抗剂,例如R(+)-alpha-(2,3-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-[2-(4-氟苯基乙基)]-4-呱啶甲醇(MDL-100907);
-胆碱能(烟碱酸)镇痛剂,例如伊普尼可林(TC-1734)、(E)-N-甲基-4-(3-吡啶基)-3-丁烯-1-胺(RJR-2403)、(R)-5-(2-氮杂环丁基甲氧基)-2-氯代吡啶(ABT-594)或尼古丁;
-Tramadol(注册商标)
-PDEV抑制剂,例如,
5-[2-乙氧基-5-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基-磺酰基)苯基]-1-甲基-3-正丙基-1,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮(昔多芬)、
(6R,12aR)-2,3,6,7,12,12a-六氢-2-甲基-6-(3,4-亚甲基二氧基苯基)-吡嗪并[2',1':6,1]-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1,4-二酮(IC-351或他达拉非)、
2-[2-乙氧基-5-(4-乙基-哌嗪-1-基-1-磺酰基)-苯基]-5-甲基-7-丙基-3H-咪唑并[5,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪-4-酮(伐地那非)、
5-(5-乙酰基-2-丁氧基-3-吡啶基)-3-乙基-2-(1-乙基-3-氮杂环丁基)-2,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮、
5-(5-乙酰基-2-丙氧基-3-吡啶基)-3-乙基-2-(1-异丙基-3-氮杂环丁基)-2,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮、
5-[2-乙氧基-5-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基磺酰基)吡啶-3-基]-3-乙基-2-[2-甲氧基乙基]-2,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮、
4-[(3-氯-4-甲氧基苄基)胺基]-2-[(2S)-2-(羟基甲基)吡咯烷-1-基]-N-(嘧啶-2-基甲基)嘧啶-5-羧酰胺、
3-(1-甲基-7-氧-3-丙基-6,7-二氢-1H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-5-基)-N-[2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基]-4-丙氧基苯磺酰胺;
-alpha-2-delta配体,例如加巴喷丁、普加巴林、3-甲基加巴喷丁、(1alpha,3alpha,5alpha)(3-胺基-甲基-双环[3.2.0]庚-3-基)-乙酸、(3S,5R)-3胺基甲基-5甲基-庚酸,(3S,5R)-3胺基-5甲基-庚酸,(3S,5R)-3胺基-5甲基-辛酸,(2S,4S)-4-(3-氯苯氧基)脯胺酸,(2S,4S)-4-(3-氟苄基)-脯胺酸、[(1R,5R,6S)-6-(胺基甲基)双环[3.2.0]庚-6-基]乙酸、3-(1-胺基甲基-环己基甲基)-4H-[1,2,4]噁二唑-5-酮;C-[1-(1H-四唑-5-基甲基)-环庚基]-甲胺;(3S,4S)-(1-胺基甲基-3,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸、(3S,5R)-3胺基甲基-5甲基-辛酸、(3S,5R)-3胺基-5甲基-壬酸、(3S,5R)-3胺基-5甲基-辛酸、(3R,4R,5R)-3-胺基-4,5-二甲基-庚酸以及(3R,4R,5R)-3-胺基-4,5-二甲基-辛酸;
-大麻素;
-代谢型谷氨酸亚型1受体(mGluR1)拮抗剂;
-血清素再吸收抑制剂,例如舍曲林、舍曲林代谢物去甲基舍曲林、氟西汀、诺氟西汀(氟西汀去甲基代谢物)、氟伏沙明、帕罗西汀、西酞普兰、西酞普兰代谢物去甲基西酞普兰、依他普仑、d,l-氟苯丙胺、苯哌甲氧苯、伊福西汀、氰基度硫平、利托西汀、达泊西汀、奈法唑酮、西克拉明和曲拉唑酮;
-去甲肾上腺素再吸收抑制剂,例如马普替林、洛非帕明、米氮平、羟丙替林、非唑拉明、托莫西汀、米塞林、安非他酮、安非他酮代谢物羟基安非拉酮、诺米芬新和维洛沙嗪(Vivalan(注册商标)),尤其是选择性去甲肾上腺素再吸收抑制剂,例如瑞波西汀,具体为(S,S)-瑞波西汀;
-双血清素-去甲肾上腺素再吸收抑制剂,例如文拉法辛、文拉法辛代谢物O-去甲基文拉法辛、氯米帕明、氯米帕明代谢物去甲基氯米帕明、度洛西汀、米那普伦和丙咪嗪;
-可诱导的一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)抑制剂,例如
S-[2-[(1-亚胺基乙基)胺基]乙基]-L-高半胱胺酸、
S-[2-[(1-亚胺基乙基)-胺基]乙基]-4,4-二氧代-L-半胱胺酸、
S-[2-[(1-亚胺基乙基)胺基]乙基]-2-甲基-L-半胱胺酸、
(2S,5Z)-2-胺基-2-甲基-7-[(1-亚胺基乙基)胺基]-5-庚烯酸、
2-[[(1R,3S)-3-胺基-4-羟基-1-(5-噻唑基)-丁基]硫代]-5-氯代-3-吡啶腈;
2-[[(1R,3S)-3-胺基-4-羟基-1-(5-噻唑基)丁基]硫代]-4-氯代苯基腈、
(2S,4R)-2-胺基-4-[[2-氯代-5-(三氟甲基)苯基]硫代]-5-噻唑丁醇、
2-[[(1R,3S)-3-胺基-4-羟基-1-(5-噻唑基)丁基]硫代]-6-(三氟甲基)-3吡啶腈、
2-[[(1R,3S)-3-胺基-4-羟基-1-(5-噻唑基)丁基]硫代]-5-氯代苯基腈、N-[4-[2-(3-氯苄基胺基)乙基]苯基]噻吩-2-甲脒(carboxamidine),或
胍基乙基二硫化物;
-乙酰基胆碱酯酶抑制剂,例如多奈哌齐;
-前列腺素E2亚型4(EP4)拮抗剂,例如N-[({2-[4-(2-乙基-4,6-二甲基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-1-基)苯基]乙基}胺基)羰基]-4-甲基苯磺酰胺或4-[(1S)-1-({[5-氯-2-(3-氟代苯氧基)吡啶-3-基]羰基}胺基)乙基]苯甲酸;
-白三烯B4拮抗剂,例如1-(3-联苯基-4-基甲基-4-羟基-色满-7-基)-环戊烷羧酸(CP-105696)、5-[2-(2-羧基乙基)-3-[6-(4-甲氧基苯基)-5E-己烯基]氧苯氧基]-戊酸(ONO-4057)或DPC-11870;
-5-脂加氧酶抑制剂,例如齐留通、6-[(3-氟-5-[4-甲氧基-3,4,5,6-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基])苯氧基-甲基]-1-甲基-2-喹诺酮(ZD-2138)、或2,3,5-三甲基-6-(3-吡啶基甲基)、1,4-苯醌(CV-6504);
-钠通道阻断剂,例如利多卡因;
-钙通道阻断剂,例如齐考诺肽、唑尼沙胺、米贝地尔;
-5-HT3拮抗剂,例如昂丹司琼;
-化疗剂,例如奥沙利铂、5-氟脲嘧啶、瘤可维、紫杉酚;
-降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)拮抗剂;
-缓激肽(BK1和BK2)拮抗剂;
-电压门控钠依赖性通道阻断剂(Nav1.3、Nav1.7、Nav1.8);
-电压依赖性钙通道阻断剂(N-型、T-型);
-P2X(离子通道型ATP受体)拮抗剂;
-酸-敏感离子通道(ASIC1a、ASIC3)拮抗剂;
-血管紧张素AT2拮抗剂;
-趋化因子CCR2B受体拮抗剂;
-组织蛋白酶(B、S、K)抑制剂;
-sigma1受体激动剂或拮抗剂;及
其药学上可接受的盐及其溶剂化物。
这种组合在疗法中提供包括协同活性在内的显着优点。
组合的药物和试剂盒
本发明的一实施方式为本发明的多晶型物与不同于本发明的多晶型物的用于胃肠疾病的药物的组合。根据本发明的“组合”可作为“固定组合(fix combination)”或“部件组合的试剂盒(kit of parts combination)”存在。“固定组合”定义为其中(i)至少一种不同于本发明的多晶型物的用于胃肠疾病的药物和(ii)多晶型物存在于一个单元中的组合。“部件组合的试剂盒”定义为其中(i)至少一种不同于本发明的多晶型物的用于胃肠疾病的药物和(ii)多晶型物存在于一个以上单元中的组合。“部件组合的试剂盒”中的成分可同时给药、依次给药或分开给药。不同于本发明的多晶型物的用于胃肠疾病的药物与根据本发明使用的多晶型物的摩尔比例为1:100至100:1,例如1:50至50:1或1:20至20:1或1:10至10:1。两种药物可以相同的比例分开给药。酸分泌抑制剂的例子为其他5-HT4激动剂、质子泵抑制剂、H2受体拮抗剂和用于IBS或便秘的药物。这些例子为H2阻断剂(例如西咪替丁,雷尼替丁)和质子泵抑制剂(例如,吡啶基甲基亚磺酰基苯并咪唑(例如奥美拉唑,艾美拉唑、兰索拉唑、泮托拉唑、雷贝拉唑)或相关物质(例如,来明拉唑))。
本发明延伸为在治愈性、预防性或缓解性治疗由5-HT4受体活性介导的疾病病症中同时使用、分开使用或顺序使用的含有4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物I和/或多晶型物II以及一种以上治疗剂的组合,所述治疗剂例如为上面列举的那些药物。
实施例
下面的实施例仅供参考。
分析
粉末X-射线衍射(PXRD)
PXRD分析由使用Cu-K alfa放射线的Rigaku RINT-TTR X射线粉末衍射仪来进行。样品也可通过使用不同温度样品架的附件在高温度/低温度条件下测量。仪器装配有细焦X-射线管。管电压和电流分别设置为50kV和300mA。发散和散射狭缝设置为0.5°,并且接收狭缝设置为0.15mm。衍射的放射线通过NaI闪烁探测器检测。以4°/分钟(步长0.02°)的速度从3至40(°)2-theta使用theta-2theta连续扫描。分析硅标准以检查机器对准。收集数据并使用Rigaku X-射线系统进行分析。通过将样品置于铝制样品架中来制备用于分析的样品,在数据获取过程中所述铝制样品架以60rpm的速度水准旋转。
热重分析法/差热分析法(TG/DTA)
TG/DTA使用Seiko 6200R系统来进行。将样品置于铝制TG/DTA盘中。每个样品在氮气吹扫的条件下以5℃/分钟的速度加热,直至最终温度为300℃。铟金属被用作校准标准。报导的值为四舍五入值,因此,报导的值应被认为是近似值。
差示扫描量热分析(DSC)
DSC分析使用Mettler Toledo DSC822来进行。将样品置于铝制DSC盘中并且准确记录重量。用带有销孔的盖子将盘盖上,然后捲起。每个样品在氮气吹扫的条件下以5℃/分钟的速度加热,直至最终温度为220℃。铟金属被用作校准标准。报导的值为四舍五入值,因此,报导的值应被认为是近似值。
FT-IR光谱分析
红外光谱使用Shimadzu IRPrestige-21(FT-IR)光谱仪来得到,所述光谱仪上装配有黑色涂层加热丝光束源(用于KBr测定法)、涂布锗的溴化钾(KBr)分光器和高灵敏度热电探测器(DLATGS)。每个光谱代表在4cm-1光谱解析度条件下收集的40共叠加扫描。在KBr测定法的情况下,将样品和KBr混合来制备KBr圆盘,将此置于载物台上。在曼散射的情况下,在自动进样器(auto-sampler)的板(直径6mm,深度1.5mm)上放置少量样品。背景数据集通过没有样品的空白KBr圆盘得到(KBr测定法)或通过空白样品板(漫反射法)得到。波长校准使用聚苯乙烯进行。Log MR(R=反射系数)光谱通过获取这两个数据集彼此之间的比例来得到(KBr测定法)。报导的值为四舍五入值,因此,报导的值应被认为是近似值。
基于动态蒸汽吸附分析(DVS)的吸湿性研究
吸湿性研究使用Surface Measurement Systems DVS-1来进行。将样品置于仪器中的微量天平上,监控在25℃下的吸附/解吸附循环中的重量变化。吸附/解吸附程式中的一个由0至95%相对湿度(RH)下的吸附扫描和95至10%RH下的解吸附扫描构成。另一个由40至95%RH下的吸附扫描和在95至0%RH下的解吸附扫描、接着进行的0至40%RH下的第二吸附扫描构成。两个程式中相对湿度均以5%RH增加,将样品保持平衡状态360分钟,或者在每一步保持样品直至达到平衡。在DVS实验的最终阶段,通过PXRD对样品进行测定。
核磁共振(NMR)
NMR数据在270MHz(JEOL JNM-LA 270分光仪)或300MHz(JEOL JNM-LA300)下,没有特别提及就使用氘代氯彷(99.8%D)或二甲基亚砜(99.9%D)作为溶剂,相对于四甲基硅烷(TMS)以百万分之一(ppm)作为内标来进行确定。所使用的通常的略语如下:s=单线、d=双重线、t=三重线、q=四重线、m=多重线、br=广域等。
高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定
HPLC数据通过带有2996PDA检测器的Waters Alliance 2695HPLC system,利用下述条件而得到;
色谱柱:Inertsil ODS-3(3微米,4.6×150mm)
洗脱剂:乙腈/10mM乙酸铵=32:68
检测:UV,215nm
流速:1mL/分钟
色谱柱温度:40℃
数据处理使用Waters Corporation提供的Empower2软件进行。
室温是指15至35℃,但只要能够达成目标则并未限定于此。
化学符号具有该等通常的含义:M(摩尔/升)、L(升)、mL(毫升)、g(克)、mg(毫克)、mol(摩尔)、mmol(毫摩尔)、N(正常浓度)。
实施例1
根据常规方法制备4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸
在70℃条件下,将4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸甲酯(89mg,0.18mmol,WO 2006090224实施例1,步骤5)的四氢呋喃(1mL)溶液、甲醇(1mL)溶液和2N氢氧化钠水溶液(1mL)的混合物搅拌17小时。用2N盐酸(1mL)中和该混合物并且过滤所形成的沉淀。用二乙醚研碎沉淀,从而生成50mg(58%)白色固体标题化合物。
本说明书中,符号“α”、“θ”、“δ”及“ν”分别标记为“alfa”、“theta”、“delta”及“nu”。
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)delta:7.59(1H,dd,J=8.1,8.4Hz),7.25(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.94(1H,d,J=8.1Hz),4.93(2H,q,J=8.7Hz),4.19(2H,d,J=5.9Hz),3.75-3.62(2H,m),3.48-3.30(2H,m),2.90-2.74(2H,m),2.50(2H,s),2.29-2.13(2H,m),1.94-1.23(9H,m)。
没有观察到起因于CO2H的信号。
MS(ESI)m/z:473(M+H)+,471(M-H)-。
IR(KBr)nu:2950,1617,1527,1188,1113cm-1。
C22H27N2O6F3的理论值:C,55.93;H,5.76;N,5.93。实际值:C,55.72;H,5.78;N,5.80。
实施例2
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物I的制备
通过超音波处理和涡旋混合,将根据实施例1的方法得到的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]-甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸(40mg,0.085mmol)的混合物溶于1,4-二氧六环(2mL)中,然后在-40℃的冷冻机中冷冻数小时。在真空中过夜干燥所生成的混合物,从而得到冷冻干燥的无定形固体。将乙酸乙酯(0.8mL)添加至样品中并且将混合物加热至65℃以溶解。将生成的溶液在三天中逐渐冷却至室温。通过过滤收集沉淀并干燥,从而获得27mg白色固体。然后将一部分白色固体悬浮于乙酸乙酯中在40℃下持续1天并且在室温(15至35℃)下持续5天,从而获得4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]-甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸的晶体形式。
在1H-NMR和MS光谱中观察到相同的信号。
m.p.(DSC起始):169℃。
由PXRD得到的结晶度:结晶(图2)。2-theta:5.9,9.3,9.8,11.9,13.7,14.3,15.0,17.8,18.2-19.3,19.7,22.6,23.4-24.5和24.9(°)位置的主峰。每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度。
IR(KBr)nu:(图3)。2948,1723,1615,1535,1506,1437,1383,1366,1287,1262,1245,1180,1164,1120,1095,1059,1032,992,974,935,918,869,858,828,784,746,732,654和556cm-1。每个峰具有+/-2cm-1的误差幅度。
IR(漫反射)nu:(图4)。4389-4383,3426,2943-2937,2120,1904,1724,1614,1535,1508,1437,1420,1287,1261,1221,1180,1121,1094,1059,1022,991,974,957,934,918,868,827,783,746,731,654,638,615,588,554,542and 507cm-1。每个峰具有+/-2cm-1的误差幅度。
C22H27N2O6F3的理论值:C,55.93;H,5.76;N,5.93。实际值:C,56.10;H,5.75;N,5.99。
实施例3
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物I的制备
在70℃下,将根据实施例1的方法得到的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]-甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸(1.326kg,2.807mol,白色固体)的乙酸乙酯的浆状物(18.564L)溶解。在35分钟内将溶液冷却至64℃,并将200mg多晶型物I的晶种(0.423mmol)添加至混合物中。在5小时内将混合物冷却至40℃并在该温度下搅拌14.5小时。在6小时内该浆状物逐渐冷却至19℃并且在该温度下将混合物搅拌46小时。通过过滤收集所形成的沉淀,并且用2.0L乙酸乙酯洗涤滤饼。在50℃及减压条件下干燥滤饼,从而得到1.140kg期望的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸(86%)的晶体形式。
C22H27N2O6F3的理论值:C,55.93;H,5.76;N,5.93。实际值:C,55.76;H,5.74;N,5.85。
其他分析数据与上面的实施例2中的那些数据相同。
实施例4
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物II的制备
制备方法1)
多晶型物I在约110℃下开始转化为多晶型物II。
制备方法2)
将4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物I(5mg)置于PXRD的温度变化样品架上,并且使样品架的温度上升至120℃保持10分钟,然后,在无氮气流吹向样品架的条件下冷却至室温,从而得到4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物II。向多晶型物II的转换通过现场监测PXRD光谱来确定。
m.p.(DSC起始):167℃。
由PXRD得到的结晶度:结晶(图5)。2-theta 5.8,9.7,10.5,11.8,12.4,13.5,14.2,14.6-14.9,15.4,17.8,18.2,19.9-20.5,21.2,21.8,23.6,24.1和24.6(°)位置的主峰。每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度。
IR(KBr)nu:(图6)。2950,1724,1614,1534,1507,1438,1383,1366,1287,1262,1245,1180,1164,1121,1095,1059,1031,992,974,935,918,869,857,828,784,746,732,654和555cm-1。每个峰具有+/-2cm-1的误差幅度。
实施例5
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物III的制备
制备方法1)
将4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物I(100mg,0.21mmol)置于平盘上并在70℃/75%相对湿度条件存放。24小时之后,将样品从湿度腔室取出而置于环境条件下,从而获得白色固体的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物III。晶体形式通过PXRD测定来确定。
由PXRD得到的结晶度:结晶(图7)。2-theta:5.5,10.1,10.9,13.9,15.7,18.5,18.9,20.8,21.8和23.6(°)位置的主峰。每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度。
IR(漫反射)nu:(图8)。4376-4370,3525-3519,3462,2946-2940,2127,1713,1624,1537,1508,1441,1368,1287,1157,1121,1103,1063,1034,1013,916,870,816,781,746,733,654,619,590和556cm-1。每个峰具有+/-2cm-1的误差幅度。
m.p.(DSC起始):170℃。
根据制备方法1,多晶型物I在60至100%相对湿度条件下以及在15至35℃的室温或更高温度下转化为多晶型物III。
制备方法2)
对将根据实施例3的方法得到的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]-甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸(50mg,0.11mmol)混合在5%(v/v)水-异丙醇(1.4mL)中的混合物进行加热至60℃而使固体完全溶解。在将混合物冷却至室温期间,添加通过制备方法1制备的多晶型物III的晶种。通过吸附收集所得到的固体并在40℃以及真空中干燥,从而获得白色固体的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物III。
在1H NMR中观察到如WO 2006/090224中所记载的相同的信号。
在PXRD中观察到如实施例5的制备方法1中所记载的相同的信号。
m.p.(DSC起始):170℃。
根据制备方法2,多晶型物III也可在于异丙醇或乙醇中混合3至5%(v/v)的水的条件下得到。
实施例6
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物IV的制备
在约90℃下,4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物III开始转化为多晶型物IV。向多晶型物IV的转换通过现场监测PXRD光谱(温度变化PXRD测定)来确定。
由PXRD得到的结晶度:结晶(图9)。2-theta:5.6,9.8,10.2,11.3,13.6,13.8,15.7,17.0,18.7,19.3,21.3和22.8(°)位置的主峰。每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度。
实施例7
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物V的制备
制备方法1)
在水(1.25mL)中混合根据实施例3的方法得到的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物I(25mg,0.053mmol)并在在室温下搅拌1小时。通过吸附收集所得到的固体并进行空气干燥,从而获得白色固体的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物V。
由PXRD得到的结晶度:结晶(图10)。2-theta 5.2,10.0,10.3,11.6,15.5,17.7,18.6,19.2,20.5,21.7,22.4和24.3(°)位置的主峰。每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度。
IR(漫反射)nu:(图11)。4381-4375,4130,2853,2760,1701,1630,1618,1541,1387,1281,1186,1171,1157,1123,1103,1069,1032,1013,991,962,917,787,748,731,660和650cm-1。每个峰具有+/-2cm-1的误差幅度。
m.p.(DSC起始):169℃。
制备方法2)
在10%(v/v)水-四氢呋喃(0.15mL)中混合根据实施例3的方法得到的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物I(5mg,0.011mmol)并加热至60℃而使固体完全溶解。然后,将混合物过夜冷却到室温。通过收集所得到的固体并进行空气干燥,从而获得白色固体的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物V。
在PXRD中观察到如实施例7的制备方法1中所记载的相同的信号。
根据制备方法2,多晶型物V也可在于异丙醇中混合20%(v/v)以上的水的条件下得到。类似地,多晶型物V也可在于丙酮或乙腈中混合50%(v/v)以上的水的条件下,以及于四氢呋喃中混合10%(v/v)以上的水的条件下得到。
实施例8
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物VI的制备
在5%(v/v)水-丙酮(1.2mL)中混合根据实施例3的方法得到的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物I(100mg,0.21mmol)并加热至60℃而使固体完全溶解。然后,将混合物过夜冷却至室温。通过收集所得到的固体并进行空气干燥,从而获得白色固体的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物VI。
由PXRD得到的结晶度:结晶(图12)。2-theta 10.3,10.6,11.4,12.6,18.8,19.2,19.5,20.2,21.2和21.7(°)位置的主峰。每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度。
IR(漫反射)nu:(图13)。4378-4372,3944,3467-3461,3306,2959,2884,2835,1711,1537,970,920,883和785cm-1。每个峰具有+/-2cm-1的误差幅度。
m.p.(DSC起始):170℃。
根据实施例8,多晶型物VI也可在于丙酮中混合5至10%(v/v)的水的条件下得到。类似地,多晶型物VI也可在于乙腈中混合5至10%(v/v)的水的条件下,以及于四氢呋喃中混合5%(v/v)的水的条件下得到。
实施例9
4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物III的制备
在40℃以及真空中,将4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物VI干燥2小时,从而获得白色固体的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物III。
在PXRD中观察到如实施例5的制备方法1中所记载的相同的信号。
m.p.(DSC起始):170℃。
实施例10
在基于动态蒸汽吸附(DVS)分析的吸湿性研究中,多晶型物III和多晶型物V在25℃下的95%相对湿度(RH)条件下吸收少于1.2wt%。另一方面,现有技术WO 2006/090224中公开的白色固体和多晶型物I在25℃下的95%RH条件下分别吸收15wt%和14wt%的水分。下述表1和图14是表示多晶型物III、多晶型物V、多晶型物I和现有技术WO2006/090224中公开的白色固体的重量增加%。
{表1}
实施例11
[稳定性研究]
固态稳定性研究使用Nagano Science Constant温度/湿度控制腔室LH-20-11M、LH-21-11M、LTL-200D3CJ-14或LTX-01来进行。将样品置于腔室中并且暴露在25℃/60%RH、40℃/75%RH条件下和/或用氙灯辐射条件下。在暴露或辐射之后得到的样品的晶体形式、热行为、纯度和/或重量的变化分别通过PXRD、TG/DTA或DSC、HPLC、微量天平来评估。
发现多晶型物I和III是稳定的。
在40℃/75%RH的条件下存放1个月来进行固态稳定性研究的结果,多晶型物III的残留物为99%,多晶型物I的残留物为98%(表2)。另外,多晶型物III中观察到更少的降解产物,纯度高于多晶型物I。残留物和纯度通过HPLC测定来评估。
{表2}
观察到4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸的六种降解产物。#表示各降解产物。
N.D.是指未被检测出。
在40℃/75%RH的条件下存放6个月的结果,多晶型物III的残留物为97%,多晶型物I的残留物为87%(表3)。另外,多晶型物III的纯度为99%,其更高于多晶型物I的96%。
{表3}
观察到4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸的六种降解产物。#是指各降解产物。
N.D.是指未被检测出。
在70℃/75%RH下进行固态稳定性研究的结果,发现多晶型物III具有化学、物理稳定性。残留物为100%,在3周之后,才观察到一种降解产物0.01面积%。另一方面,多晶型物I在一天内转化为多晶型物III。残留物和纯度通过HPLC测定来评估。
图1是表示WO 2006/090224中所记载的参比产物的PXRD图谱。图2、图5、图7、图9、图10及图12分别表示多晶型物I、多晶型物II、多晶型物III、多晶型物IV、多晶型物V及多晶型物VI的PXRD图谱。
将图1与图2、图5、图7、图9、图10及图12比较的结果,本申请中所记载的多晶型物中不存在与WO 2006/090224中所记载的参比产物对应的多晶型物,这清楚地说明所有多晶型物均为不同的新型多晶型物。
Claims (13)
1.4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物IV,其通过由Cu-K alfa放射线辐射得到的粉末X-射线衍射图谱来表征,该图谱包括2-theta 5.6,9.8,10.2,11.3,13.6,13.8,15.7,17.0,18.7,19.3,21.3和22.8(°)位置的主峰,其中,每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度。
2.4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物V,其通过由Cu-K alfa放射线辐射得到的粉末X-射线衍射图谱来表征,该图谱包括2-theta 5.2,10.0,10.3,11.6,15.5,17.7,18.6,19.2,20.5,21.7,22.4和24.3(°)位置的主峰,其中,每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度。
3.根据权利要求2所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物V,其通过红外光谱来表征,该光谱显示出4381-4375,4130,2853,2760,1701,1630,1618,1541,1387,1281,1186,1171,1157,1123,1103,1069,1032,1013,991,962,917,787,748,731,660和650cm-1位置的吸收谱带,其中,每个峰具有+/-2cm-1的误差幅度。
4.根据权利要求2所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物V,其进一步通过差示扫描量热分析来表征,在该差示扫描量热分析中,该多晶型物V表现出在169℃下发生吸热,其中,该温度具有+/-1℃的误差幅度。
5.4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物VI,其通过由Cu-K alfa放射线辐射得到的粉末X-射线衍射图谱来表征,该图谱包括2-theta10.3,10.6,11.4,12.6,18.8,19.2,19.5,20.2,21.2和21.7(°)位置的主峰,其中,每个峰具有+/-0.2(°)的误差幅度。
6.根据权利要求5所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物VI,其通过红外光谱来表征,该光谱显示出4378-4372,3944,3467-3461,3306,2959,2884,2835,1711,1537,970,920,883和785cm-1位置的吸收谱带,其中,每个峰具有+/-2cm-1的误差幅度。
7.根据权利要求3所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物VI,其进一步通过差示扫描量热分析来表征,在该差示扫描量热分析中,该多晶型物VI表现出在170℃下发生吸热,其中,该温度具有+/-1℃的误差幅度。
8.一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含权利要求1至7中任一项所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物以及一种以上药学上可接受的赋形剂。
9.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物在制备用于治愈性治疗、缓解性治疗或预防性治疗由5-HT4受体活性介导的疾病病症的药物中的用途。
10.权利要求8所述的药物组合物在制备用于治愈性治疗、缓解性治疗或预防性治疗由5-HT4受体活性介导的疾病病症的药物中的用途。
11.一种制备权利要求1所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物IV的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:将多晶型物III置于90至115℃的气氛中。
12.一种制备权利要求2至4中任一项所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物V的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:在水与有机溶剂的混合物中不形成任何其他多晶型物,就将多晶型物I暴露在多晶型物V的形成条件下。
13.一种制备权利要求5至7中任一项所述的4-{[4-({[4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1,2-苯并异噁唑-3-基]氧基}甲基)呱啶-1-基]甲基}-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸多晶型物VI的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:在水与有机溶剂的混合物中不形成任何其他多晶型物,就将多晶型物I暴露在多晶型物VI的形成条件下。
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