CN108658601A - 碳化硅碳化硼复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

碳化硅碳化硼复合材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108658601A
CN108658601A CN201711425257.1A CN201711425257A CN108658601A CN 108658601 A CN108658601 A CN 108658601A CN 201711425257 A CN201711425257 A CN 201711425257A CN 108658601 A CN108658601 A CN 108658601A
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silicon
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李太平
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Chengdu Xinjingzhi Technology Co Ltd
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
    • C04B35/563—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on boron carbide
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
    • C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
    • C04B35/573—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide obtained by reaction sintering or recrystallisation
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
    • C04B35/65—Reaction sintering of free metal- or free silicon-containing compositions
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/48—Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
    • C04B2235/77—Density

Abstract

本发明涉及无机材料技术领域，具体涉及碳化硅碳化硼复合材料的制备方法，其所需材料为：碳化硼、金属硅、粘结剂、添加剂，本发明的碳化硅碳化硼复合材料的制备方法，采用活性剂包裹碳化硼表面，阻止硅元素侵蚀碳化硼，所制备的复合材料制作工艺简单，所制备的碳化硼复合材料具有强度极高、韧性好、密度低等优点。

Description

碳化硅碳化硼复合材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及无机材料技术领域，具体涉及碳化硅碳化硼复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
碳化硼别名黑钻石，分子式为B4C，通常为灰黑色微粉。是已知最坚硬的三种材料之一，用于坦克车的装甲、避弹衣和很多工业应用品中。它的摩氏硬度为9.3。它在19世纪作为金属硼化物研究的副产品被发现，直到1930年代才被科学地研究。碳化硼可由电炉中用碳还原三氧化二硼制得。
碳化硼可以吸收大量的中子而不会形成任何放射性同位素，因此它在核能发电场里它是很理想的中子吸收剂，而中子吸收剂主要是控制核分裂的速率。碳化硼在核反应炉场里主要是做成可控制的棒状，但有的时候会因为要增加表面积而把它制成粉末状。
因具有密度低、强度大、高温稳定性以及化学稳定性好的特点。在耐磨材料、陶瓷增强相，尤其在轻质装甲，反应堆中子吸收剂等方面使用。此外，和金刚石和立方氮化硼相比，碳化硼制造容易、成本低廉，因而使用更加广泛，在某些地方可以取代价格昂贵的金刚石、常见在磨削、研磨、钻孔等方面的应用。
现有技术制备碳化硼和碳化硅的复合材料时，硅元素会腐蚀碳化硼形成硅碳硼复合物，硅碳硼复合物的韧性与强度值均明显低于碳化硼，使得烧结的碳化硼复合材料出现腐蚀点，从而降低了材料质量。
发明内容
本发明提供碳化硅碳化硼复合材料的制备方法，其所需材料为：碳化硼、金属硅、粘结剂、添加剂，
其制备方法为：
1）混合：将碳化硼粉末中加入占总重量6%至8%的粘结剂、占总重量1%的添加剂、占总重量50%的酒精进行混合；
2）造粒：将粉末状的混合物进行喷雾造粒；
3）压制：将细颗粒状的混合物置入模具中，在30兆帕至80兆帕的压强下压制成硼饼；
4）干燥：将压制成型的硼饼置入干燥室内，进行缓慢升温干燥，干燥温度从室温缓慢升至200摄氏度，升温耗时为24H，升温速度为匀速升温；
5）配硅：取硅含量大于99%的金属硅粉40目至160目与占总重量3%的粘结剂进行混合，将混合均匀的硅粉压制成硅饼；
6）烧结：将硅饼重叠放置在硼饼上，并置入真空炉中进行烧结，烧结温度为1480摄氏度至1600摄氏度，真空度小于等于10pa；
7）冷却：将烧结成型的板材随炉冷却，冷却至常温取出。
8）除硅：将表面残余的硅渣进行喷砂处理。
优选的，所述粘结剂为酚醛树脂，所述添加剂为表面活性剂，其主要成分为钛酸酯钛酸酯螯合物。
优选的，所述除硅过程中清除表面残渣的喷砂处理方式的可替换方式为打磨处理。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：本发明的碳化硅碳化硅碳化硼复合材料的制备方法，采用活性剂包裹碳化硼表面，阻止硅元素侵蚀碳化硼，所制备的复合材料制作工艺简单，所制备的碳化硼复合材料具有强度极高、韧性好、密度低等优点。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明做进一步描述：
本发明的炭黑碳化硅碳化硼复合材料的制备方法，其所需材料为：碳化硼、金属硅、粘结剂、添加剂，
其制备方法为：
1）混合：将碳化硼粉末中加入占总重量6%至8%的粘结剂、占总重量1%的添加剂、占总重量50%的酒精进行混合；
2）造粒：将粉末状的混合物进行喷雾造粒；
3）压制：将细颗粒状的混合物置入模具中，在30兆帕至80兆帕的压强下压制成硼饼；
4）干燥：将压制成型的硼饼置入干燥室内，进行缓慢升温干燥，干燥温度从室温缓慢升至200摄氏度，升温耗时为24H，升温速度为匀速升温；
5）配硅：取硅含量大于99%的金属硅粉40目至160目与占总重量3%的粘结剂进行混合，将混合均匀的硅粉压制成硅饼；
6）烧结：将硅饼重叠放置在硼饼上，并置入真空炉中进行烧结，烧结温度为1480摄氏度至1600摄氏度，真空度小于等于10pa；
7）冷却：将烧结成型的板材随炉冷却，冷却至常温取出。
8）除硅：将表面残余的硅渣进行喷砂处理。
本发明制备的复合材料密度为2.59克每立方厘米至2.6克每立方厘米，其抗弯强度大于等于350兆帕，。
添加剂的表面活性剂的主要功能为包裹碳化硼表面，阻止在烧结过程中金属硅对碳化硼的进一步腐蚀。
实施例1：
采用F240的碳化硼70g、F800的碳化硼30g、W3.5的碳化硼8g、粘结剂8g、添加剂1g的成分配比进行如上方法进行配置，制得的碳化硼的压制密度为1.91克每立方厘米，将重量比为0.7：1的硼饼和硅饼进行烧结，最终烧结密度为2.59克每立方厘米。
实施例2
采用F150的碳化硼70g、F800的碳化硼30g、粘结剂7g、添加剂1g的成分配比进行如上方法进行配置，制得的碳化硼的压制密度为1.89克每立方厘米，将重量比为0.7：1的硼饼和硅饼进行烧结，最终烧结密度为2.6克每立方厘米。
利用本发明所述的技术方案，或本领域的技术人员在本发明技术方案的启发下，设计出类似的技术方案，而达到上述技术效果的，均是落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.碳化硅碳化硼复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于所需材料为：碳化硼、金属硅、粘结剂、添加剂，
其制备方法为：
1） 混合：将碳化硼粉末中加入占总重量6%至8%的粘结剂、占总重量1%的添加剂、占总重量50%的酒精进行混合；
2） 造粒：将粉末状的混合物进行喷雾造粒；
3） 压制：将细颗粒状的混合物置入模具中，在30兆帕至80兆帕的压强下压制成硼饼；
4） 干燥：将压制成型的硼饼置入干燥室内，进行缓慢升温干燥，干燥温度从室温缓慢升至200摄氏度，升温耗时为24H，升温速度为匀速升温；
5） 配硅：取硅含量大于99%的金属硅粉40目至160目与占总重量3%的粘结剂进行混合，将混合均匀的硅粉压制成硅饼；
6） 烧结：将硅饼重叠放置在硼饼上，并置入真空炉中进行烧结，烧结温度为1480摄氏度至1600摄氏度，真空度小于等于10pa；
7） 冷却：将烧结成型的板材随炉冷却，冷却至常温取出；
8） 除硅：将表面残余的硅渣进行喷砂处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳化硅碳化硼复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于所述粘结剂为酚醛树脂，所述添加剂为表面活性剂，其主要成分为钛酸酯钛酸酯螯合物。
3.碳化硅碳化硼复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于所述除硅过程中清除表面残渣的喷砂处理方式的可替换方式为打磨处理。
CN201711425257.1A 2017-12-25 2017-12-25 碳化硅碳化硼复合材料的制备方法 Pending CN108658601A (zh)

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