CN1086490A - Container loading and unloading method and facility - Google Patents
Container loading and unloading method and facility Download PDFInfo
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- CN1086490A CN1086490A CN 93107997 CN93107997A CN1086490A CN 1086490 A CN1086490 A CN 1086490A CN 93107997 CN93107997 CN 93107997 CN 93107997 A CN93107997 A CN 93107997A CN 1086490 A CN1086490 A CN 1086490A
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Abstract
A kind of container loading and unloading method with hoisting crane, crane carriage, vehicle, freight container is at the parallel intensive of limited space and change the outfit in batch as the major technique feature.The reorganization and expansion of field, harbour station and newly-built and design a kind of hoisting crane of the specific dimensions scope of special use when being used for that multilayer is intensive to change the outfit is carried out in the position of storing up of the traffic arrangement in place and case of changing the outfit of making rational planning for for this reason.There is the information system of a perfect in shape and function to be used for management.When being changed the outfit, boats and ships take measures to prevent the displacement such as unstability, fluctuation of ship.Used traffic control during prestowage.This costume changing method efficient height that changes the outfit, the turnover of car and boat case is fast, takes up an area of less, expense is low.
Description
1, title: container loading and unloading method and facility
2, the invention belongs to the freight container traffic field
3, prior art:
In order to change existing container loading and unloading method, it is graphic with the raising efficient that changes the outfit that people have imagined the hundreds of kind, and having only three classes in these imaginations is to be used to solve the harbour amount of changing the outfit in the same circulation on the bottleneck-limited space of operation that changes the outfit.This three classes mode is: (1) big freight container and big hoisting crane; (2) the freight container primary and secondary is refuted; (3) overcoming cliding friction makes freight container become the vertical deliver from vault of row.
Because the scope that they are considered is too narrow, and need carry out large-scale redevelopment to boats and ships, so the end can be implemented.
4, the present invention proposes on the basis of each link of multi-analysis freight container traffic different modes, is used to improve the amount of changing the outfit in the single circulation on the limited space, the turn round time of accelerating the car and boat case, reduces and takes up an area of the reduction expense.
The method of 5, dealing with problems:
On limited space from length and breadth to parallel intensive hoisting crane with vertical direction and crane carriage, carry out in a row or become the container loading and unloadings of row and various multimachine operations.For job stacking can be implemented, hoisting crane, crane carriage, vehicle, freight container are also all stacked accordingly or are arranged, and resolve the traffic organization planning of vehicle and hoisting crane.Container stacking mode in the cabin will be accomplished international standarkdization.
Be the basic skills that changes the outfit in batch below and introduce multimachine mould turnover, multimachine prestowage, the stowage of multimachine list lattice.
(1) one-tenth in train, automobile, warehouse row change the outfit:
Alike sight: a row hoisting crane is picked up a row freight container from a train or the one group of automobile and is put in the warehouse in the different lines.
This imagination can be implemented in a workshop that is covered with overhead traveling crane, also can be implemented by row's gauntry crane or cantilever handling bridge, for the reduction expense, raises the efficiency, and can construct a kind of special use workshop array that changes the outfit and implement, and be used for classification and store up freight container.
Build earlier a car, hoisting crane, and arrange in a row the workshop that changes the outfit of vanning, freight container is vertically parallel with vehicle heading in this changes the outfit the workshop, and is vertical with the crane track direction.Make such workshop enough narrowly and become a string, make in the workshop freight container and lifting function just can realize imagining sight corresponding to the freight container of train along the rectilinear direction arrangement in parallel of railway or road.Automobile will have two circuits to make here to be spaced about the automobile energy in the fleet to adapt to train freight container spacing.
When row are not enough, also can reproduce several row.Between these several trains and crane track is communicated, then can form array if laterally be arranged in parallel, the hoisting crane in different lines workshop can be supported mutually in the array.Its scale will be decided by this area shipping situation, and the handling speed of case could be the highest during suitable scale.When it when the pier storage yard, its mode that row are set will be with reference to the reconnaissance method of train marshalling, a train is used as in a port of call or transhipment port treats throughly.
Can arrange several arteries of communications again for reducing the hoisting crane wait time, and road surface or rail level are improved; Can arrange which floor hoisting crane in the spatial vertical direction for reducing the vehicle wait time, at this moment lower floor's hoisting crane need adopt a kind of hoisting crane of specific dimensions scope; When one deck workshop is not enough, also one deck workshop can be set on the spatial vertical direction again, can consider shared road railway sometimes.
Changing the outfit to have on the track in operation place case bit line or rice journey line to determine stop position with general, will inform driver's stop position by some way before entrance or entrance, he can be known what's what, unlikely advancing rashly.The vehicle of each outbound all will be apprised of travel direction and driving instruction.Can the selective light electroacoustic etc. mode inform that it is single also can to send the papery order successively.
This one-tenth is listed as the workshop that changes the outfit and is equivalent to a marshalling yard, its product be exactly a kind of thoroughly do not need to organize into groups disintegrate and container train at the bottom of the fixedly car that just can dispatch a car that only need change the outfit, the long and big train that is combined by this train can adopt the mode of wire communication to handle, and is more reliable than radio communication in mountain area and hills area.
The workshop that changes the outfit just can change the outfit expeditiously with seldom place, does turnover and the containerized shipment speed of having accelerated vehicle greatly like this.
(2) the boats and ships automobile in a row changes the outfit:
Imagination sight: one on the steam discharge car arranged in a row vanning and one queued heavy dolly and pick up and be put in the cabin on the handling bridge.
Has only a crane carriage on the existing container loading bridge, every circulation case that can only change the outfit.If on handling bridge, add one, two, three again ... tens crane carriages, automobile also is arranged in a row, it also just in time is to unload a ship in the Hong kong that in the ship arranged in a row vanning, and this queues heavy dolly and just can pick up one in the cabin and arrange in a row to case and be put on the steam discharge car on the harbour so.Conversely, if adorn in the cabin from the steam discharge car one to arrange in a row vanning also just in time be same port of unloading, this port of call also can in a row change the outfit so.Here run into a stowage standardization issue obviously, the case that needs the formulation international convention to retrain the same arrival point of each port of call is laterally shipped.
Boats and ships are changed the outfit select automobile and do not select other transportation means-train, conveyer, fork truck, straddle carrier, transfer crane, hoisting crane etc., be because:
(1) automobile can directly leave the port, reduce to unload and store up time and place, accelerates the turnover of case.
One joint lacks than a case number that is listed as when (2) laterally dividing volume of compartment, can reduce depositing the case number and depositing the case time of harbour.
(3) laterally prestowage is more convenient: the freight container that sails the Different Weight on the automobile in the different tracks into by instruction can be placed in the cabin in the particular column.
(4) the automobile route investment is low, and alerting ability is good, and the addressing of stockyard, rear is more convenient.
(5) the automobile turning radius is little, and road is circular layout, the moving velocity height.
(6) do not need handling bridge heavy duty vertical shift.
When changing the outfit the boats and ships automobile all will with handling bridge running rail keeping parallelism.
Progressively increase and to consider the planer-type or the crane in bridge type handling bridge that use single span, twin spans and three to stride when crane carriage increases cantilevered handling bridge and harbour cost.When changing the outfit insufficient space, a side can consider to arrange that at the opposite side of ship the bulkhead wall line forms dock formula or ship lock formula harbour.Wait for the time of boats and ships turnover for reducing handling bridge, can arrange " H to H " turnover two opening ship lock formula harbours or " H to H " two dock formulas harbour and shared handling bridge simultaneously.Handling bridge also can add one or more layers crane carriage, has at this moment just used the crane carriage of specific dimensions scope; When the parking of automobile positional precision is high, can not make crane carriage into hoisting crane.
It is worthy of note, the order of not necessarily leaveing no choice but the by specification narration during intensive hoisting crane goes to implement, also can directly make double-ply hoisting crane and handling bridge earlier, and then remove intensive hoisting crane from two directions in length and breadth, can constitute the various systems that change the outfit in this way, this system can also be compound once more, further improves the closeness in the limited space, be equipped with different traffic organization methods and storage management method respectively, form an individual system.
It is shorter that the handling bridge mould turnover of a lot of heavy dolly hoisting cranes is smash year time ratio, also can use this method in the warehouse.
When boats and ships change the outfit in batch in every circulation loading and unloading all bigger, limit displacements such as the heel that causes by changing the outfit, trim, fluctuation, drift.Restriction boats and ships displacement has soft or hard two class methods: soft method is that pure equilibrium changes the outfit and solves problem, hard method is that the external force that position such as the deck, hull bottom, side string to boats and ships applies certain mode actively or passively comes limiting displacement to take place within the specific limits, does not influence the operation that changes the outfit.Machinery and the structures that constitute can be varied for this purpose, and wherein mode is to use dock or ship lift the most completely, and fast speed mode is the passive inhibition come-up of initiatively clamping.Initiatively clamping is ajusted hull rapidly with external force nip side string exactly, makes it keep with the parallel of handling bridge track and prevents its heel and drift, and its friction also can partly prevent to fluctuate.Applying external force can use from lock wall or telescopic boom under water or vertical pivot pivot arm and finish This move.From can also locking to be placed on the deck completely that this arm puts down, boats and ships will unload come-up when changing the outfit beginning, suppress its come-up passively and just can keep hull that trim and fluctuation do not take place.The ship type of the thin speciality of point generally need not suppress come-up, if can utilize the Mooring Fittings in the ship lock, chucking device can be set yet.The harbour of some form needs ship's fix to stop.
Operation concentrated of changing the outfit makes major vehicular movement, case stream concentrate on the limited space with hoisting crane, thisly concentrates the most outstanding the concentrating of information processing that show.License number, case number (CN), stop position information acquisition and transmission, the establishment of crane operation instruction and vehicle scheduling instruction and sending to, the design and implementation of cargo plan, the case position administration program establishment that takes turns the clear end and do not have a mould turnover in warehouse with complexity and numerous information all requires to handle at short notice like this such as implement.The management role of Zu Chenging can only be undertaken by computing machine therefrom, and need be aided with a large amount of electronic machines.
Parking information collection, transmission, processing to be arranged in the electronic system, work out and assign the device of hoisting crane steering command.Its objective is and make the accurate alignment pin holes of gripping apparatus energy and freight container accurately is placed on the automobile of diverse location, its acquisition mode is diversified, select according to regional disparity, but it must be worked under bad working environments such as night, greasy weather, electromagnetic pollution, halation, strong vibration.Can consider to use infrared ray simultaneously, means such as radar, TV, laser are measured the position of pin-and-hole, also can the use characteristic thing and the contrast of background come indirect identification pin-and-hole position, also can on the track, be coated with in advance with certain color or embedding corner reflector, the indirect determination stop position, being gone to convert by stop position again obtains the pin-and-hole position.Harvester can be placed on independent high tower, beam, post, handling bridge or the hoisting crane or directly be placed on the gripping apparatus even can consider and imbed in the track.General principle is that the production time that track, warehouse train cabin etc. is located is the shortest, reduces the wait time of computation center main frame as far as possible.In sum, the suitable multiple warhead guidance system that can carry out preparative treatment to background and characteristic body of simplifying greatly of the principle of various systems, the aiming again of identification earlier, feedback offset is also constantly revised, and realizes closed loop control.Each gripping apparatus, steel rope and hoisting crane constitute one " bullet ", and this " bullet " is several at least, tens at most, up to a hundred, are in respectively in the different berth or stockyard.
In the present invention, stockyard, workshop, warehouse are notions, no actual difference.
The stockyard that the boats and ships automobile in a row changes the outfit is central controlled, central controlled purpose is that the case stream that in a row changes the outfit required can be organized at short notice, be the freight container outbounds of the same port of call of inner tissue at one time of many hoisting cranes, and need assign the instruction of vehicle driving direction by cargo plan.
The stockyard can be made of the workshop array that changes the outfit, and also can be become by the workshop group that changes the outfit that disperses, and also can be made up of a few row's gantry cranes or handling bridge.Generally speaking, be located at the stockyard beyond the harbour, save the total quayage of the port and also reduce cost.If the stockyard is replaced and is built directly on the lock wall of harbour both sides with the row workshop that changes the outfit, just can not use any horizontal transportation means and directly use hoisting crane and handling bridge that stockyard and boats and ships are docked in, this harbour needs multilayer handling bridge orbital docking, vertically moving of heavily loaded continually vertical shift or boats and ships, its cost is higher, work organization is very complicated, causes its efficient and reliability all to descend.
The one-tenth row of vertically dividing volume of compartment and using other horizontal transportation means can the construct many forms harbour that changes the outfit, but the closeness of these wharf cranes is compared all with the in a row mode of changing the outfit of automobile with the service efficiency of hoisting crane and is lacked competitiveness, the cost height, degree of automation is also high, but the efficient that changes the outfit is not high, and in a row stowage with to become to equip the cabin also incompatible.The delivery harbour of especially big ancestor's bulk goods can use and become to equip ship, and at this moment train can directly sail harbour into.
Need mould turnover to take out if in warehouse or cabin, have one the case, other hoisting crane and vehicle are waited as long for,, take following measure, be used in hinterland and port city respectively in order to prevent this phenomenon.
(1) in the case position planning, the freight container of same arrival point arranges into straight line, i.e. the mode of row or row, and multi-layer stacking in vertical direction.
(2) different joint transport company and station terminals are formed more massive through transport market, carry out the big production of socialization, implement in full " Men Zhimen " transportation, and the behavior that takes place with the fact is as the foundation of settling accounts between different legal persons.
(3) freight container that takies the cabin ad-hoc location being opened row in addition in the warehouse stacks respectively.
(4) some vehicle is guided into the bicycle parking district on demand in the wagon flow of outbound, waits the instruction back and inserts the wagon flow ad-hoc location, enters the operating area that changes the outfit.
(5) automobile of sailing give another the right of way field, track can in time be discerned and be reported to the police, for realizing that this purpose can adopt far infrared license number means of identification.
(6) non-intermodal container leaves in the stockyard of energy multimachine mould turnover, the specific delivery of cargo people of ccasual to receive fragmentary.Perhaps non-intermodal container is placed in the higher warehouse of degree of automation, adopts the translation shelf, rotate shelf, modes such as regulating course shelf are deposited freight container.
(7) 20 feet of same arrival points and 40 feet containers are stored up in two separate ranks, do not use 30 feet casees.
Specific dimensions scope hoisting crane or crane carriage are meant that hoisting crane lower floor's hoisting crane oad when multilayer is intensive must be in the following scope:
(1) must be between the hoisting crane double track by the freight container of upper strata hoisting crane.
(2) hoisting crane can be corresponding one by one with the freight container on cabin or the train when two-dimensional directional is closely arranged in the plane.
(3) can there be enough sections to arrange member support upper strata hoisting crane between per two compact arranged hoisting cranes.
In the time of figuratively speaking exactly in this hoisting crane is buckled in a freight container, have only both sides can expose several the wheel, be used for vertical shift or traversing, when wheel load is too big, can consider that the 3rd rail is respectively applied for current collection and communicates by letter with the 4th rail.
The method that intensive hoisting crane changes the outfit in batch can be generalized on the changing the outfit of other goods by changing suspender.During boats and ships are changed the outfit bulk goods can barreled, case dress or with grabbing bucket, the loading and unloading of breakbulk can be transformed into the mechano decking that has container corner seating to the deck, successively start each layer deck by poly-machine lifting crane.It can be placed in the framework that has a container corner seating for the special-shaped goods, take several cells in the cabin, change the outfit, use the corner casting restraint of loads with poly-machine lifting crane.This method helps the safety of navigation of goods and boats and ships.
The raising of container loading and unloading efficient and expense reduce, and can make the many bulk goods of the few class of some amounts adopt freight container traffic, environmental pollution and occupation of land during this method can reduce in the swivel link, travelling speed height.Only need be configured in grown place and area of consumption in the swivel link during many bulk handling special-purpose machineries needn't appear at, can further reduce its cost of transportation like this, not build special station field harbour.
If intensive 64 hoisting cranes of dock type harbour (four handling bridges, every bridge is two-layer, every layer of eight hoisting crane), annual throughput is more than several ten million tons.If task is unsaturated, its economic benefit just is less competitive than present container wharf.For this reason, to decide its handling capacity with the shipping situation in the design of harbour ability.Dock type harbour preferably can be chosen near the suitable water front of the open depth of water in waters of main boat fare, is beneficial to the boats and ships tune, the shipping speed on total voyage of quickening boats and ships.From initial cost, it is both economical transforming dock ship lock or ship lift.The two will be weighed.
6, embodiment:
(1) be that the double-deck track handling bridge of planer-type of having arranged a height leg on the quay berth in a row changes the outfit shown in the Figure of abstract, its another leg adopts the doube bridge symmetry to load and unload and keeps hull balance on the track of submarine laying.Adopt the half-section operation in order to utilize hoisting crane on the handling bridge to return to sail stroke, loading and unloading synchronously.As the level conveyor tool, automobile parking lot, forward position is two parallelogram parking lots of arranging along bank with automobile.For preventing ship collision, the handling bridge after having changed the outfit direction running forward leaves the berth.Ship needs " H to H " to berth when arranging two berths simultaneously, at this moment can shared handling bridge and empty wagons.Have in this scheme an outstanding advantage be exactly hoisting crane transposing stop position joint operation on the handling bridge can lane change on the ordering of freight container, the multimachine prestowage.When being ABCDEF such as the ordering of freight container on the steam discharge car in the track, forward position, hoisting crane can become order modification the stowage of ACFBDE or CEFABD or the like order to keep balance in roll, reduce establishment traffic instructions time of run in the main frame prestowage, it can also multimachine list lattice stowage: the freight container in the steam discharge car is packed in lattice of grid ship, and makes it be different from putting in order on the track up and down in proper order.Handling bridge will design quite lowly, and the cycle time of two-layer hoisting crane is approaching about just making.
(2) width of cloth figure is the planar view of a harbour below the Figure of description, and two dock type harbours " H to H " are arranged along bank.Traffic is got in touch with a road bridge (or tunnel) in lock wall both sides, and each berth can be arranged four planer-type handling bridges simultaneously, adopts the full joint of double-deck hoisting crane in a row to change the outfit, and does not utilize back and sails stroke.Two handling bridges of each berth one side can be formed a conveyor line, and the automobile parking lot is straight-through parking lot.Empty wagons annular scheduling nearby.When " water water changes the outfit " measures when big, two berths can be designed to inland river, sea-freight berth respectively.
The mode of this full joint operation need to begin the empty wagons of a greater number changing the outfit, in order to reduce scheduling time, can be in advance handling bridge part lengthening by land, can be discharged to first discharged freight container outside the track cabin that soars, beginning Detroit automation like this., load onto one and arrange in a row the harbour of casing out to overtake to second handling bridge at an emptying car of the cabin of on first handling bridge freight container being packed into.The automobile of last batch of shipment oppositely sails the harbour track into, an emptying car of on second handling bridge, loading onto ship to overtake to first handling bridge unload at first the case place by first handling bridge the freight container entrucking, each steam discharge car changes the outfit successively, just can form Detroit automation.
The energy force evaluating: suppose on the berth and just stopping a ship that has eight row freight containers, every layer has eight hoisting cranes to be used to change the outfit on every handling bridge, open eight tracks, parking lot.If circulation of hoisting crane is three minutes, double-deck hoisting crane cross-operation, then row of automobile is inferior to one and half, article two, during the conveyor line co-operation, each divides half to cross time totally 16 cars of two rows, and then harbour entrance and exit place vehicle density is exactly about 6 seconds/car, if per car all is equipped with one 40 feet or two 20 feet casees, then frequency of freight is 30 tons/6 seconds=5 tons/second=5T/S, and during two berth co-operation, annual loading and unloading capacity must be greater than 5T/S * 60 * 60 * 24 * 365=1.5768 * 10
8Ton.
From each straight-through parking lot, each divides half to cross a row that eight cars form time.Each divides eight freight containers that partly load and unload on eight automobiles can accomplish under the prior art condition.
7, the effect of invention:
The present invention improves the ability that changes the outfit in the unit interval on the limited place that changes the outfit, and boats and ships and train were shortened in the time of staying on the ground that changes the outfit. Accelerate the turnover of car and boat casees, reduced the land used that changes the outfit, reduced the expense of changing the outfit.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of container loading and unloading method and facility is characterized in that the parallel intensive of hoisting crane on the limited space, crane carriage, freight container, vehicle, concentrate to change the outfit.
2,, it is characterized in that the stacking mode of freight container and place traffic organization plan accordingly so that make hoisting crane be carried out to batch job according to described costume changing method of claim 1 and facility.
3,, use traffic control when taking measures to limit boats and ships displacement and prestowage when it is characterized in that boats and ships are changed the outfit according to claim 1,2 described costume changing method and facilities.
4, according to claim 1,2,3 described costume changing method and facilities, automatic management is promptly implemented in information acquisition in the operation that it is characterized in that changing the outfit, processing, transmission automation.
5,, when it is characterized in that the intensive hoisting crane of multilayer, design the hoisting crane or the crane carriage that use a kind of specific dimensions scope according to described costume changing method of claim 1 and facility.
6,, when being used for other goods and changing the outfit, it is characterized in that the replacing of suspender according to claim 1,2,3,4 described costume changing method and facilities.
7, a kind of container train is the product of claim 1,2,4 described change the outfit mode and facilities, it is characterized in that replacing marshalling with loading and unloading.
8, a kind of combined train is combined by the described container train of claim 7, it is characterized in that wire communication between locomotive.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93107997 CN1086490A (en) | 1993-07-17 | 1993-07-17 | Container loading and unloading method and facility |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93107997 CN1086490A (en) | 1993-07-17 | 1993-07-17 | Container loading and unloading method and facility |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1086490A true CN1086490A (en) | 1994-05-11 |
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ID=4986977
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93107997 Pending CN1086490A (en) | 1993-07-17 | 1993-07-17 | Container loading and unloading method and facility |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN1086490A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100368245C (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2008-02-13 | 圭多·波尔塔 | Method for railroad transport and apparatus for loading and unloading trains |
| CN106530755A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-03-22 | 盐田国际集装箱码头有限公司 | Gantry crane container vehicle queuing container turn-around passage method |
| CN109436859A (en) * | 2018-12-22 | 2019-03-08 | 王燏斌 | A kind of container terminal |
| CN110182595A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-08-30 | 中山益达服装有限公司 | A method of dividing cylinder automatically for cloth supplied materials |
| CN112573219A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-03-30 | 山东启和云梭物流科技有限公司 | Intelligent port based on multi-type intermodal rail system |
-
1993
- 1993-07-17 CN CN 93107997 patent/CN1086490A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100368245C (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2008-02-13 | 圭多·波尔塔 | Method for railroad transport and apparatus for loading and unloading trains |
| CN106530755A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-03-22 | 盐田国际集装箱码头有限公司 | Gantry crane container vehicle queuing container turn-around passage method |
| CN110182595A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-08-30 | 中山益达服装有限公司 | A method of dividing cylinder automatically for cloth supplied materials |
| CN109436859A (en) * | 2018-12-22 | 2019-03-08 | 王燏斌 | A kind of container terminal |
| CN112573219A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-03-30 | 山东启和云梭物流科技有限公司 | Intelligent port based on multi-type intermodal rail system |
| CN112573219B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-04-29 | 山东启和云梭物流科技有限公司 | Intelligent port based on multi-type intermodal rail system |
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