CN1086445C - 膨胀和压缩至少一种气态物流的方法和装置 - Google Patents

膨胀和压缩至少一种气态物流的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1086445C
CN1086445C CN95120507A CN95120507A CN1086445C CN 1086445 C CN1086445 C CN 1086445C CN 95120507 A CN95120507 A CN 95120507A CN 95120507 A CN95120507 A CN 95120507A CN 1086445 C CN1086445 C CN 1086445C
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赫威·比翰
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Abstract

在一种用于压缩和膨胀至少一种气态物流的方法中，一部分由涡轮机(9)产生的能量被与压缩机(5)的至少一级(5A、5B、5C)平行连接的增压器(7)回收。优选地用涡轮机膨胀来自空气蒸馏装置的氮气。空气在指定的压缩机和增压器中压缩。

Description

膨胀和压缩至少一种气态物流的方法和装置
本发明涉及用于压缩和膨胀至少一种气态物流的方法和装置，其方法包括：
—将气态混合物的第一物流在至少有一级的压缩机内进行压缩；
—在增压器内对气态混合物的第二物流进行增压；
—在膨胀机内膨胀气态混合物的第三物流；和
—用增压器回收至少一部分由膨胀机产生的能量。
EP-A-0,557,935公开了一种这一类型的方法，其中第一物流是待蒸馏的空气，第二物流是用增压器110增压至中等压力的氮气，而第三物流是在与增压器相连的涡轮机113中经膨胀的利余气体。DE-A-28,54,508公开了一种这一类型的方法，其中首先将一部分空气在增压器内增压，然后在与增压器相连的涡轮机中膨胀，再输送到一个双重柱的低压柱中。
这些方法增加了涡轮机中的膨胀负荷，随着产生了制冷而减小了膨胀工作气流或由于恒定的膨胀气流速率而增加了制冷，并且通常改进了设备的性能。
在某些情况下，没有简单的装置来实施这类方法或简单地用增压器回收由涡轮机产生的机械能。例如，当涡轮机膨胀从空气分离装置的中等压力柱中排出的氮气时，没有对氮气预热而是在现有的低温下对其进行压缩，然后冷却，再送至涡轮机，这样就增加了热交换线的主要成本。
DE-A-25,57,453公开了一种解决这个问题的方法，即第二物流包括一部分是待蒸馏空气的第一物流。第二物流的增压器5与涡轮机6相连接，涡轮机5在中等压力下用于膨胀氮气(第三物流)。
在DE-A-28,54,508所涉及的情况下，要求所需的冷产品的工作膨胀流可小于或等于允许蒸馏的程度。在这种情况下，工作膨胀空气流的降低未带来节约，并且因为从效果上没有降低工作膨胀气流速率，而没有增加涡轮机的输入压力。
于是，现有技术指出用发电机回收涡轮机的能量或用油闸消耗能量。
本发明的目的是提高能效或降低这些已知方法的总成本。
为此，本发明提供了一种用于压缩在一个蒸馏单元中被蒸馏的气体混合物和膨胀至少一个气流的方法，其中，
a.在具有至少三个压缩级的压缩机的第一级中压缩气体混合物并在膨胀涡轮机中膨胀气流；
其特征在于：
b.在压缩机的相连级中压缩之后，将被压缩的气流分成第一部分气流和第二部分气流；
c.在压缩机的第二级中压缩第一部分气流；
d.在一个增压器中压缩气体混合物的第二部分气流；
e.至少一部分由膨胀涡轮机产生的能量由增压器回收，和
g.将在增压器中压缩增压的第二部分气流的至少一部分送到压缩机的第二级的下游。
为达到其目的，本发明还提供了一种用于压缩在一个蒸馏单元中被蒸馏的气体混合物和膨胀至少一个气流的装置，包括：
-一个至少具有三级的压缩机；
-一个增压器；
-一个与增压器相连的膨胀涡轮机；
-用于将气体混合物送到压缩机第一级的装置；
其特征在于：
-用于将气体混合物的第二部分气流送到增压器并将被增压的第二部分气流的至少一部分送到压缩机的一级的上游的装置，增压器与压缩机的第二级平行连接；和
-用于输送膨胀涡轮机的入口的气流的装置。
为了实现本发明的目的，本发明还提供一种用低温蒸馏分离气体混合物的装置，包括
-一个至少具有三级的压缩机；
-一个增压器；
-一个与增压器相连的膨胀涡轮机；
-用于将气体混合物送到压缩机第一级的装置；
其特征在于：
-用于将气体混合物的第二部分气流送到增压器并将被增压的第二部分气流的至少一部分送到压缩机的一级的下游的装置，增压器与压缩机的第二级平行连接；和
-用于输送膨胀涡轮机的入口的气流的装置。
本发明的其它特点和优点将参照附图，按图示的方式(但不是限定性的方式)通过下文描述的一个具体实施方案而更加易于理解，其中：
-唯一的附图示意性地示出了本发明的装置。
将空气流输送到有几级5A、5B、5C的压缩机5中。在第一级5A中压缩后，气流被分为两部分。在第二级5B中压缩第一部分气流。第二部分气流在增压器7中增至大约是级5B所处压力的压力，然后与第一部分气流混和。所有重新合并的空气流在级5C被压缩后在热交换管线11中冷却，然后送到蒸馏柱13中，在那里被分离。
分离产物之一是从压力大约为6bar的中压柱13的顶部排出的氮气流。在热交换器11中被部分再加热之后，一部分31在涡轮机9中膨胀至接近大气压的压力，然后输送到热交换管线的冷却端再加热，将其的冷传递给用于蒸馏的空气流。涡轮机9与增压器7相联，因此一部分膨胀能用于使第二空气流2增压。
作为一种改变，可将一部分在压力下从双重柱的低压柱排出的不纯的或纯的氮气进行膨胀，在热交换管线11中部分地再加热后，这部分氮气可被送到热交换管线11的冷却端。
作为另一种改变，至少一部分在简单的HPN型柱中产生的氮气或剩余物在于这个柱的顶部冷凝器中汽化后，再进行膨胀。使氮气或剩余物在热交换管线中部分地再加热。
这里，还可以设计成使用与涡轮机9或一个独立的涡轮机相联的第二增压器。从级5A的上游排出的空气将供给该第二增压器，至少一部分增压了的空气再循环到级5B的上游和级5A的下游。
通过改变增压器7和压缩机5的级的压缩负载，可使增压了的气流再循环到级5C的出口而不是级5B的出口。
在一个更简单的方法中，本发明可以在一套包括有唯一一级的压缩机，一个增压器和与增压机配合的一个涡轮机的装置中实施。气态混合物的第一气流可在压缩机中被压缩，而气态混合物的第二气流在增压器中增压，然后将气态混合物的这两部分压缩了的气流混合在一起。
应注意的是，气态混合物可以是基本上纯净的气体并且被压缩机和增压器压缩的气态混合物不必有相同的组成。

Claims (6)

1.用于压缩在一个蒸馏单元中被蒸馏的气体混合物和膨胀至少一个气流的方法，其中，
a.在具有至少三个压缩级(5A，5B，5C)的压缩机(5)的第一级中压缩气体混合物并在膨胀涡轮机(9)中膨胀气流；
其特征在于：
b.在压缩机(5)的相连级中压缩之后，将被压缩的气流分成第一部分气流和第二部分气流；
c.在压缩机的第二级中压缩第一部分气流；
d.在一个增压器(7)中压缩气体混合物的第二部分气流；
e.至少一部分由膨胀涡轮机产生的能量由增压器(7)回收，和
f.将在增压器中压缩增压的第二部分气流的至少一部分送到压缩机的第二级(5B)的下游。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述被增压的第二部分气流的至少一部分送回第三级(5C)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，第一和第二部分气流是空气流。
4.用于压缩在一个蒸馏单元中被蒸馏的气体混合物和膨胀至少一个气流的装置，包括：
-一个至少具有三级(5A，5B，5C)的压缩机(5)；
-一个增压器(7)；
-一个与增压器(7)相连的膨胀涡轮机(5)；
-用于将气体混合物送到压缩机第一级的装置；
其特征在于：
-用于将气体混合物的第二部分气流(2)送到增压器并将被增压的第二部分气流的至少一部分送到压缩机的一级的上游的装置，增压器与压缩机的第二级平行连接；和
-用于输送膨胀涡轮机的入口的气流的装置。
5.如权利要求4所述的装置，其特征在于，第一和第二部分气流是将在一个蒸馏设备中被蒸馏的空气流。
6.用低温蒸馏分离气体混合物的装置，包括
-一个至少具有三级的压缩机(5)；
-一个增压器(7)；
-一个与增压器(7)相连的膨胀涡轮机(5)；
-用于将气体混合物送到压缩机第一级的装置；
其特征在于：
-用于将气体混合物的第二部分气流(2)送到增压器并将被增压的第二部分气流的至少一部分送到压缩机的一级的下游的装置，增压器与压缩机的第二级平行连接；和
-用于输送膨胀涡轮机的入口的气流的装置。
CN95120507A 1994-10-25 1995-10-24 膨胀和压缩至少一种气态物流的方法和装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1086445C (zh)

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FR9412715A FR2726046B1 (fr) 1994-10-25 1994-10-25 Procede et installation de detente et de compression d'au moins un flux gazeux
FR9412715 1994-10-25

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CN1086445C true CN1086445C (zh) 2002-06-19

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JP2009257119A (ja) * 2008-04-14 2009-11-05 Kobe Steel Ltd 蒸気膨張機駆動空気圧縮装置
US20130000351A1 (en) * 2011-06-28 2013-01-03 Air Liquide Process & Construction, Inc. Production Of High-Pressure Gaseous Nitrogen
US9097459B2 (en) 2011-08-17 2015-08-04 Air Liquide Process & Construction, Inc. Production of high-pressure gaseous nitrogen
CN104533851B (zh) * 2014-12-30 2016-08-17 大连理工大学 一种激波对撞双重增压型气波增压器
CN104728188B (zh) * 2015-03-28 2017-01-04 大连理工大学 一种相向膨胀波叠加型自驱动增压器
CN109059422A (zh) * 2018-07-12 2018-12-21 北京拓首能源科技股份有限公司 一种利用污氮冷能预冷空气的装置
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CN114923295B (zh) * 2022-06-27 2024-02-20 北京中科富海低温科技有限公司 一种两级串联中间换热的透平膨胀机变工况调节方法
CN116412104A (zh) * 2023-01-13 2023-07-11 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种滑压分流式压缩空气储能系统及方法

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BR9504523A (pt) 1997-05-27
CN1133392A (zh) 1996-10-16
DE69520134T2 (de) 2001-07-19
EP0710809A1 (fr) 1996-05-08
JPH08226758A (ja) 1996-09-03
FR2726046B1 (fr) 1996-12-20
FR2726046A1 (fr) 1996-04-26
US5560223A (en) 1996-10-01
EP0710809B1 (fr) 2001-02-21
DE69520134D1 (de) 2001-03-29

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