CN108631593A - One kind being based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers - Google Patents
One kind being based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108631593A CN108631593A CN201810768513.5A CN201810768513A CN108631593A CN 108631593 A CN108631593 A CN 108631593A CN 201810768513 A CN201810768513 A CN 201810768513A CN 108631593 A CN108631593 A CN 108631593A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- boost
- buck
- circuits
- semiconductor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
- H02M1/096—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices the power supply of the control circuit being connected in parallel to the main switching element
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides one kind being based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK BOOST digital powers, including BUCK BOOST main circuits, metal-oxide-semiconductor, accessory power supply, driving circuit, signal conditioning circuit, ADC module and governor circuit, governor circuit controls, driving circuit drives metal-oxide-semiconductor, the signal of signal conditioning circuit and ADC module acquisition input voltage, output voltage, output current, the signal of acquisition carries out operation control, constant pressure and flow output.With synchronous BUCK circuits and synchronous rectification BUCK BOOST circuit topologies made of synchronous BOOST circuits cascadings, the rectifier diode in circuit is replaced using metal-oxide-semiconductor, pressure drop when being opened due to metal-oxide-semiconductor on metal-oxide-semiconductor is relatively low, the efficiency of power supply can be significantly improved, and digital power is built using STM32F334 high-performance 32-bit ARM Cortex M4 MCU, real-time tracking output voltage reduces the steady state error of system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of power supplies, and in particular to one kind being based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers.
Background technology
With the increasingly reduction of non-renewable resources, increase in demand of the people to new cleaning fuel promotes such as too
Sun can generate electricity, the development of wind-power electricity generation, micro-capacitance sensor industry, storage release and the energy of energy are needed in these industry products
Two-way flow, for example the electricity that sends out of solar energy, wind-force needs to boost that power grid could be accessed after inversion, and for battery or
The charge and discharge of super capacitor then need system that can be provided simultaneously with the function of boosting and decompression, realize that energy in bidirectional flow function is whole
It flows there are many kinds of driving circuit topologys, bidirectional DC-DC converter generally can be whole in classical topologies circuit by being replaced with metal-oxide-semiconductor
Stream diode obtains new topology, such as two-way Cuk circuits, Sepic circuits, Zeta circuits etc., wherein two-way Cuk circuits need
Multiple inductance, export negative voltage, and the electric current of output is smaller；And Sepic circuits have extremely complex control loop characteristic, and efficiency
It is low；Zeta circuits are double Sepic circuits, it is desirable that higher input voltage ripple, large capacity striding capacitance.
Simple BUCK circuits or BOOST circuits currently on the market, can only be one-way flows, can not achieve the two-way of energy
Flowing can only realize stepping functions in same direction.
Therefore, the prior art also needs to be further improved and develop.
Invention content
It is a kind of based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers the purpose of the invention is to provide, it is intended to solve
Circuit currently on the market can not achieve the two-way flow of energy, can only be the problem of same direction realizes stepping functions.
Used technical solution is：
One kind is based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers, including BUCK-BOOST main circuits, metal-oxide-semiconductor, auxiliary
Power supply, driving circuit, signal conditioning circuit, ADC module and governor circuit, governor circuit control, driving circuit is helped to drive MOS
Pipe, the signal of signal conditioning circuit and ADC module acquisition input voltage, output voltage, output current, the signal of acquisition are transported
Calculate control, constant pressure and flow output.
BUCK-BOOST main circuits are formed by synchronizing BUCK circuits with synchronous BOOST circuits cascadings.
Driving circuit uses half-bridge driven chip, chip interior to integrate bootstrap diode, external connection bootstrap capacitor.
Accessory power supply takes electricity by diode-isolated from the input terminal and output end of BUCK-BOOST circuits.
Operational amplifier TLV237 is arranged in signal conditioning circuit, and signal conditioning circuit includes input and output voltage detection circuit
And output current detection circuit, operational amplifier TLV237 are reduced output voltage using difference channel, ADC module sampling is realized
Input and output voltage detects, and operational amplifier TLV237 sample differentials realize input and output electric current detection.
For governor circuit using STM32F334 as main control chip, driving circuit is UCC27211 driving circuits, STM32F334
HRPWM modules generate PWM, UCC27211 driving circuits drive metal-oxide-semiconductor.
Advantageous effect：The present invention provides one kind being based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers, using synchronization
BUCK circuits and synchronous rectification BUCK-BOOST circuit topologies made of synchronous BOOST circuits cascadings replace circuit using metal-oxide-semiconductor
In rectifier diode, pressure drop when being opened due to metal-oxide-semiconductor on metal-oxide-semiconductor is relatively low, can significantly improve the efficiency of power supply, and
Digital power is built using STM32F334 high-performance 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4MCU, real-time tracking output voltage reduces system
Steady state error.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of BUCK-BOOST main circuits based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers of the present invention
Circuit diagram；
Fig. 3 is a kind of electricity of the metal-oxide-semiconductor driving circuit based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers of the present invention
Lu Tu；
Fig. 4 is a kind of circuit diagram of the accessory power supply based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is that a kind of input and output voltage based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers of the present invention detects
Circuit diagram；
Fig. 6 is a kind of circuit of the output electric current measure based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 7 is a kind of circuit diagram of the reference voltage based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is a kind of flow chart of the system software based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer and more explicit, develop simultaneously embodiment pair referring to the drawings
The present invention is further described.
One kind as shown in Figure 1 is based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers, including the main electricity of BUCK-BOOST
Road, metal-oxide-semiconductor, accessory power supply, OLD driving circuits, signal conditioning circuit, ADC module and STM32F334 governor circuits.Wherein
STM32F334 generates required PWM as main control chip, using the HRPWM modules of F334, is driven by UCC27211 drivers
Metal-oxide-semiconductor；The signals such as input voltage, output voltage, output current are acquired by signal conditioning circuit and ADC module, and utilizes and adopts
The signal of collection carries out operation control, to achieve the purpose that constant pressure and flow exports.Accessory power supply uses XL7005A, AMS1117-3.0
Transformation generates 12V, 3.3V two-way power supply respectively, and is MOS drive circuit, signal conditioning circuit, OLED drive, master control core
Piece is powered；The information such as working condition, output voltage, the output current of OLED display systems.
As shown in Fig. 2, bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST circuit topologies are by synchronous BUCK circuits and synchronous BOOST electricity
Road cascades, and bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST circuits realize stepping functions in the same direction, and two-way same
It walks in rectification BUCK-BOOST circuits and replaces the rectifier diode in circuit using metal-oxide-semiconductor, when being opened due to metal-oxide-semiconductor on metal-oxide-semiconductor
Pressure drop it is relatively low, the efficiency of power supply can be significantly improved.
As shown in figure 3, metal-oxide-semiconductor driving circuit has the half-bridge driven chip of independent high side and low side drive using TI
UCC27211, the chip interior integrate bootstrap diode, and outside need is connected bootstrap capacitor, driven by the way of Bootstrap
High side metal-oxide-semiconductor；Bootstrap capacitor chooses 0.47uF, and chip drives current peak is up to 4A, maximum guiding voltage DC 120V；
Pwm signal input pin adds the pull down resistor of 10K, prevents metal-oxide-semiconductor when pwm signal input pull-down or high resistant from malfunctioning；Metal-oxide-semiconductor drives
Dynamic resistance uses 2 Ω, chip interior to need to realize on software to prevent from being connected when upper and lower bridge arm is logical without dead zone function
Dead zone function.
As shown in figure 4, accessory power supply takes electricity by diode-isolated from the input terminal and output end of BUCK-BOOST circuits,
It is converted by XL7005A and generates direct current 12V, converted by AMS1117-3.3 and generate 3.3V, A3.3V two-way power supply；Direct current 12V
It is powered for driving chip to drive metal-oxide-semiconductor to work；Direct current 3.3V, A3.3V are STM32F334 and amplifier is powered.
As shown in figure 5, input and output voltage is scaled by output voltage using difference channel by amplifier TLV2374
The range that can be sampled to ADC module, reuses ADC module sampling, and software calculates output voltage.Input voltage sampling is logical
Cross inside F334 that amplifier is scaled to be sent to what ADC module was sampled.
As shown in fig. 6, output current detection circuit is realized by operational amplifier TLV2374 sample differential amplifying circuits；
Sampling resistor is placed on low side, if sampling resistor is placed on high-end, having larger common-mode voltage keeps sample rate current inaccurate, sampling electricity
Resistance is 10m Ω, and since sampling resistor is smaller, the pressure drop on sampling resistor is smaller, is unfavorable for directly sampling, and is adopted again after needing amplification
Sample；Since electric current two-way flow has just and has negative in the design, MCU cannot sample negative voltage, so needing a reference voltage will
Amplified negative voltage is raised to positive voltage and is sampled for MCU；As shown in fig. 7, reference voltage passes through 1 with 3.3V:1 electric resistance partial pressure produces
Raw 1.65V, the voltage follower output 1.65V through operational amplifier TLV2374 compositions are used for circuit.
The pin of F334 governor circuits is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Voltage mode control is used in digital power, i.e., generates mistake compared with desired output voltage by sampling and outputting voltage
Error input pid algorithm is calculated required duty ratio, achievees the purpose that voltage stabilizing exports by changing duty ratio by difference signal.
As shown in figure 8, carrying out PID arithmetic and update duty ratio in the interrupt routine of timer 3, pid algorithm is divided into increment type and position
Set formula.
It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the above for those of ordinary skills can
With improvement or transformation based on the above description, all these modifications and variations should all belong to the guarantor of appended claims of the present invention
Protect range.
Claims (6)
1. one kind be based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers, which is characterized in that including BUCK-BOOST main circuits,
Metal-oxide-semiconductor, accessory power supply, driving circuit, signal conditioning circuit, ADC module and governor circuit, the governor circuit control, institute
State driving circuit driving metal-oxide-semiconductor, the signal conditioning circuit and ADC module acquisition input voltage, output voltage, output current
The signal of signal, acquisition carries out operation control, constant pressure and flow output.
2. according to claim 1 be based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers, which is characterized in that described
BUCK-BOOST main circuits are formed by synchronizing BUCK circuits with synchronous BOOST circuits cascadings.
3. according to claim 1 be based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers, which is characterized in that the drive
Dynamic circuit uses half-bridge driven chip, the chip interior to integrate bootstrap diode, external connection bootstrap capacitor.
4. according to claim 1 be based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers, which is characterized in that described auxiliary
Power supply is helped to take electricity from the input terminal and output end of BUCK-BOOST circuits by diode-isolated.
5. according to claim 1 be based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers, which is characterized in that the letter
Operational amplifier TLV237 is arranged in number modulate circuit, and the signal conditioning circuit includes input and output voltage detection circuit and output
Current detection circuit, the operational amplifier TLV237 are reduced output voltage using difference channel, and ADC module sampling is realized defeated
Enter output voltage detection, the operational amplifier TLV237 sample differentials realize input and output electric current detection.
6. according to claim 1 be based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers, which is characterized in that the master
Circuit is controlled using STM32F334 as main control chip, the driving circuit is UCC27211 driving circuits, the STM32F334's
HRPWM modules generate PWM, and the UCC27211 driving circuits drive metal-oxide-semiconductor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810768513.5A CN108631593B (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2018-07-13 | BUCK-BOOST digital power supply based on bidirectional synchronous rectification |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810768513.5A CN108631593B (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2018-07-13 | BUCK-BOOST digital power supply based on bidirectional synchronous rectification |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108631593A true CN108631593A (en) | 2018-10-09 |
| CN108631593B CN108631593B (en) | 2024-05-07 |
Family
ID=63688994
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810768513.5A Active CN108631593B (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2018-07-13 | BUCK-BOOST digital power supply based on bidirectional synchronous rectification |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108631593B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108258886A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-06 | 河南北瑞电子科技有限公司 | A kind of SCM Based single-phase sine-wave inverter |
| CN109672339A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-04-23 | 上海醇加能源科技有限公司 | A kind of multi-channel digital power supply |
| CN111614255A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-09-01 | 南宁学院 | Portable voltage converter |
| WO2022110205A1 (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-02 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | Voltage conversion circuit, voltage converter and electronic device |
| CN115932639A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-04-07 | 七四九(南京)电子研究院有限公司 | Electronic load DC end control method and system |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN208461697U (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2019-02-01 | 青岛华勋光电科技有限公司 | One kind rectifying BUCK-BOOST digital power based on bi-directional synchronization |
-
2018
- 2018-07-13 CN CN201810768513.5A patent/CN108631593B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN208461697U (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2019-02-01 | 青岛华勋光电科技有限公司 | One kind rectifying BUCK-BOOST digital power based on bi-directional synchronization |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张一娇;王旭;: "一款双向DC-DC变换器的设计", 实验室科学, no. 04 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108258886A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-06 | 河南北瑞电子科技有限公司 | A kind of SCM Based single-phase sine-wave inverter |
| CN109672339A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-04-23 | 上海醇加能源科技有限公司 | A kind of multi-channel digital power supply |
| CN111614255A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-09-01 | 南宁学院 | Portable voltage converter |
| WO2022110205A1 (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-02 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | Voltage conversion circuit, voltage converter and electronic device |
| CN115932639A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-04-07 | 七四九(南京)电子研究院有限公司 | Electronic load DC end control method and system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108631593B (en) | 2024-05-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108631593A (en) | One kind being based on bi-directional synchronization rectification BUCK-BOOST digital powers | |
| CN107070222B (en) | Control method of bidirectional DC/DC power converter control circuit | |
| CN106549577B (en) | Non-isolated two-way high-gain DC/DC converter and method for controlling frequency conversion | |
| CN106130434B (en) | It is a kind of to utilize solar powered pump motor control system | |
| CN105939112B (en) | A kind of quasi- boost switching DC-DC converter of high-gain | |
| CN105939107B (en) | A kind of quasi- boost switching DC-DC converter of mixed type | |
| CN114499170B (en) | Variable structure voltage conversion circuit, variable structure voltage conversion device, variable structure voltage conversion control method, and storage medium | |
| CN105048800A (en) | Double-disturbance MPPT control method of photovoltaic power generation system | |
| CN104253960B (en) | The voltage stabilizing backlight control circuit and television set of a kind of low-power consumption | |
| CN205490142U (en) | Switched inductor boost converter | |
| WO2020098463A1 (en) | Buck-boost circuit | |
| CN208461697U (en) | One kind rectifying BUCK-BOOST digital power based on bi-directional synchronization | |
| CN102290807A (en) | Small-sized wind power generation controller with wide voltage input range | |
| CN202524145U (en) | High-efficiency solar charging device | |
| CN209283094U (en) | A kind of step-up/step-down circuit | |
| CN105024547B (en) | A kind of redundant power | |
| CN106787900A (en) | Boosting combining inverter and its control method | |
| CN205986699U (en) | Utilize water pump motor control system of solar energy power supply | |
| CN209134302U (en) | A kind of step-up/step-down circuit | |
| CN208589918U (en) | A kind of traditional direct current booster circuit | |
| CN219779990U (en) | Three-tube bidirectional direct current buck-boost circuit | |
| CN220964661U (en) | Photovoltaic power optimizer circuit | |
| CN100587647C (en) | Solar maximum efficiency tracking circuit based on CVT method | |
| CN209375460U (en) | A kind of DC-DC converter system | |
| CN204334326U (en) | A kind of D.C. regulated power supply control circuit |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |