CN108631013B - 电池系统以及用于其运行的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种尤其用于机动车辆的电池系统,一种包括该电池系统的用于电机、尤其车辆驱动器的电源,以及一种用于给该电池系统充电的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种尤其用于机动车辆的电池系统,一种包括该电池系统的用于电机、尤其车辆驱动器的电源,以及一种用于给该电池系统充电的方法。
背景技术
具有并利用至少一个电动机以便被驱动或前进的机动车辆被称作电动车辆或混合动力车辆。在此,该至少一个电动机在机动车辆的行驶运行期间由至少一个电能储存器(也可以被称为电池或蓄电池)来提供电能。该至少一个电能储存器可以例如是高压电池(HV电池)。该高压电池又进而可以在充电操作中被供以电能。
HV电池的发展趋势趋向于具有更高额定电压的电池。由此可以实现缩减车辆内的缆线尺寸并减轻电气部件的重量,因为在电压升高的情况下要达到所期望的功率所需要的电流强度更小。电压的增大不仅伴随着对车辆内的部件有额外要求,而且伴随着对用于给HV电池充电所需要的外部基础设施有额外要求。目前,几乎不能提供额定电压超过800V的充电站。因此可能值得期望的是,这样的高压电池系统也可以利用目前能提供的充电基础设施来充电。
HV电池通常包含多个电池模块。为了限制在内部短路时的损坏,大多数情况下在模块之间设置有电气保险装置。这些保险装置必须可容易地替换,以便在失效的情况下使维修时间(“平均维修时间”,“Mean Time To Repair”-MTTR)是尽可能短的。
US 2016/272084 A1公开了一种用于车辆电池组的充电系统,其中,多个充电设备各自与电池组的相应数量的电池模块部分相连接。
US 5 477 936 A公开了一种车辆电池组,该车辆电池组具有多个电池组件和一个保险装置,该保险装置串联地连接在每个电池组件与插头之间,以便提供与控制电路的接口。
US 8 704 485 B1公开了一种车辆电池组,该车辆电池组具有以多个部分安排的电池和与每个电池模块串联连接的分离的保险装置。
另外值得期望的是具有一种简单的可能性:即,将电池与内部电路分离并且使得电池的端子无电势,以便可以实现无危险地安装、拆卸或运输HV电池。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是,提供一种具有高额定电压的电池系统,该电池系统可以用这样的充电设备充电:即,这些充电设备的输出电压小于电池系统的额定电压。本发明的另一个目的是,提供这样一种电池系统:即,该电池系统可以在内部短路后简单且快速地进行维修。另一个目的在于,该电池系统可以无危险地进行安装、拆卸和运输。
本发明提供了一种尤其用于车辆的HV电池。HV电池具有内部分离装置,从而在端子处不施加电压。因此,电池的组装、拆装或者运输是安全的。HV电池包括被划分成多个部分的多个电池单元的串联电路。导体将电池单元的正端子和负端子与接口相连接。该接口还具有用于联接电池的中间电极的极。当电池处于放电模式中时,电池被联接到车载整流器。中间电极与在接口另一侧的这些端子之间的中间保险装置(Zwischensicherung)串联连接。中间保险装置通过这种方式被安排在电池壳体的外部,这减小了电池壳体的重量和大小。
此外,提供一种分摊式的(geteiltes)充电联接系统。在电池的充电模式下,多个充电设备在利用中间电极的情况下各自与一个电池部分相连接,以便并行地给这些部分充电。这使得使用功率不太强的、带有较低的电压范围的充电设备成为可能。
本发明的主题是一种电池系统,该电池系统包括至少两个模块,该至少两个模块各自具有至少两个串联连接的电池单元。该电池系统包括第一接口,该第一接口具有数量等于这些模块的双倍数量的端子。这些模块的每个极分别经由导体分别与该第一接口的一个端子相连接。将模块的正极与第一接口相连接的这些导体各自具有一个开关,当该第一接口的相关联的端子断开时,该开关即为断开的。
在一个实施方式中,该电池系统是HV电池系统。在一个实施方式中,这些模块的电压总和大于800V,例如大于1000V,或者甚至大于1200V。
在电池系统的一个实施方式中,该第一接口被实施为HV插拔连接器。该第一接口例如可以被实施为多极插座或多极插头。
安排在将模块的正极与第一接口相连接的导体中的开关可以被实施为机械式开关,该机械式开关可以从电池系统的外侧来操作。在一个实施方式中,这涉及磁性致动的磁簧开关。优选地,开关被实施为电气致动的开关。在一个实施方式中,开关被实施为继电器。在一个实施方式中,开关被实施为电子开关,例如晶体管。
本发明的主题还包括一种用于电机、尤其车辆驱动器的电源,该电源包括根据本发明的电池系统。电源包括第二接口,该第二接口与该电池系统的该第一接口一样具有相同数量的端子。该第二接口的每个端子分别与该第一接口的一个端子相连接。多个保险装置(其数量对应于该电池系统中的模块数量减去1)以如下方式联接该第二接口:即,使得每个保险装置分别与该电池系统的这些模块中的一个模块的正极、以及该电池系统的这些模块中的另外一个模块的负极相连接。因此,该电池系统的所有模块经由这些保险装置串联连接。电源还包括整流器。该整流器的输入端与该第二接口的其余两个端子相连接,使得在整流器的输入端处施加该电池系统的这些模块的电压总和。
该整流器将电池模块的电压转换成用于运行电机所需的电压。根据所使用的的电机的类型,使用产生具有所需要的电压数的直流电压或交流电压的整流器。在一个实施方式中,整流器包括逆变器。在另一个实施方式中,整流器包括降压变换器。
这些保险装置保护电池系统的模块免于由于过压或者过高的电流引起的损坏。适合的保险装置原则上对于本领域技术人员而言是已知的。实例是熔断保险装置、电子保险装置、自复位式保险装置(如双金属保险装置或正温度系数电阻器、断路器等等。
第二接口被实施为第一接口的配对件,从而使该第一接口的每个端子与该第二接口的对应的端子相连接。如果例如第一接口被实施为多极插座,那么第二接口是对应的配对件,即多极插头。在另一个实施方式中,该第一接口被实施为多极插头,而该第二接口被实施为多极插座。在一个实施方式中,该第一接口和该第二接口共同构成了HV插拔连接。
本发明的主题还包括一种用于给包含多个模块的电池系统充电的方法,在该方法中至少一个充电设备与该电池系统的至少一个模块相连接并被充电。
在该方法的一个实施方式中,该电池系统的每个模块与一个充电设备相连接并被充电。
在该方法的一个实施方式中,多个充电设备同时各自与该电池系统的至少一个模块相连接,并且与这些充电设备相连接的模块同时被充电。在一个实施方式中,充电设备的数量等于电池系统中的模块的数量,也就是说,电池系统的每个模块分别与一个充电设备相连接,并且所有模块同时被充电。
总体上,本发明在此提供下述1、6和12的技术方案,下述2-5、7-11和13-15为本发明的优选技术方案:
1.一种电池系统,该电池系统包括:至少两个模块,该至少两个模块各自具有串联连接的至少两个电池单元、正极和负极;和,第一接口,该第一接口具有数量等于这些模块的双倍数量的端子,其中这些模块的每个极各自经由导体来相应地与该第一接口的一个端子相连接,其中将这些模块的正极与该第一接口相连接的这些导体各自具有一个开关,当该第一接口的相关联的端子断开时,该开关为断开的。
2.根据上述1所述的电池系统,该电池系统是HV电池系统。
3.根据上述1或2所述的电池系统,其中,这些模块的电压总和大于800V。
4.根据前述1-3之一所述的电池系统,其中,该第一接口被实施为HV插拔连接器。
5.根据前述1-4之一所述的电池系统,其中,该开关被实施为电气或电子致动的开关。
6.一种用于电机、尤其车辆驱动器的电源,该电源包括:根据前述1-5之一所述的电池系统;第二接口,该第二接口具有数量与该电池系统的该第一接口的数量相同的端子;多个保险装置,这些保险装置的数量对应于在该电池系统中的模块的数量减去1;和,整流器,其中该第二接口的每个端子分别与该第一接口的一个端子相连接,并且每个保险装置分别与该电池系统的这些模块中的一个模块的正极、以及与该电池系统的这些模块中的另一个模块的负极相连接,使得该电池系统的所有模块经由这些保险装置串联连接,并且其中该第二接口的其余两个端子与该整流器的输入端相连接。
7.根据上述6所述的电源,其中,该整流器包括逆变器。
8.根据上述6或7所述的电源,其中,该整流器包括降压变换器。
9.根据上述6至8之一所述的电源,其中,这些保险装置中的至少一个为熔断保险装置。
10.根据上述6至9之一所述的电源,其中,这些保险装置中的至少一个为电子保险装置。
11.根据上述6至10之一所述的电源,其中,该第一接口和该第二接口共同构成HV插拔连接。
12.一种用于给上述1至5之一所述的电池系统充电的方法,其中至少一个充电设备与该电池系统的至少一个模块相连接并被充电。
13.根据上述12所述的方法,其中,每个模块与一个充电设备相连接并被充电。
14.根据上述12或13所述的方法,其中,多个充电设备自同时与至少一个模块相连接、并且与这些充电设备相连接的这些模块同时被充电。
15.根据上述12至14之一所述的方法,其中,这些充电设备的数量等于在该电池系统中的这些模块的数量。
附图说明
本发明借助于在附图中的实施方式示意性地展示并且参照附图示意性及详细地进行描述。
图1以示意性图示示出了根据本发明的电池系统的一个实施方式;
图2以示意性图示示出了根据本发明的电源的一个实施方式;
图3以示意性图示示出了用于执行根据本发明的用于给电池系统充电的方法的装置。
相关联地并且综合性地描述这些附图。相同的参考标号指代相同的部件。
具体实施方式
图1示出了电池10,该电池包含M个串联连接的电池单元,这些电池单元被划分成N个部分或模块2。导体4自第(i*M/N+1)个(i=1...N-1)电池单元的负极通向HV连接的接口6。另一导体3自第(i*M/N)个(i=1...N-1)电池单元的正极通向HV连接的接口6。接口6具有2×N个极,两个用于电池10的正极和负极,其余的用于电池10中的中间极。在将模块2的正极与接口6相连接的导体3中设置有开关5,当接口6的触点断开(即,既不与用电器、也不与充电设备相连接)时,这些开关为断开的。在图1中所示的实施方式中,附加地还在导体4中设置有开关5,该导体将前后相继地连接的模块2中的最后一个模块的负极(即,电池10的负极)与接口6相连接。
当电池10未被连接时,在接口6处不施加电压,接口6的端子是无电势的。由此,确保了电池10的安全操作以及安全运输。在常规结构方式的电池中,这对应于断开电池组之间的中央断续器或移除电池组之间的内部的分离保险装置。
根据本发明的电池系统的结构方式使得使用中央断续器成为多余的,由此节省了重量和体积。在这些模块之间的分离保险装置位于电池壳体外部,这使得可以进一步节省重量和体积。此外,这明显使得更换出故障的保险装置变得更加容易。
图2示出了根据本发明的用于电机的电源的一个实施方式。电池10经由第一接口6与第二接口7相连接。接口6和7例如为HV插拔连接的两个半部。电池10的正极和负极与整流器20的输入端相连接,该整流器将电池电压转换成适合于运行电机(该电机在图2中未示出)的电压。电池10的中间极是串联连接的,在这些中间极之间安排有N-1个保险装置8,从而前后相继地连接的模块2相应地经由保险装置8相连接。因此,在整流器20的输入端施加了模块2的各个电压的总和。在放电模式下,电池10中的所有开关5被闭合并且电流可以流过。
图3示出了根据本发明的电池10的一个实施方式,该电池经由第一接口6和第二接口7与多个充电设备30相连接。在充电模式下,电池10中的所有开关5被闭合,从而模块2可以被充电。在图3中所示的实施方式中,N个充电设备联接到第二接口7。通过电池10的与接口6相连接的中间极,N个模块2可并行地充电。
在图3中所示的实施方式中,电池10的模块2的总数为N,也就是说电池10的每个模块2均与一个充电设备30相连接。在另外的实施方式中,充电设备30与多个串联连接的模块2的一部分的正极和负极相连接。在另一个实施方式中,并不是所有模块2同时与一个充电设备30相连接,而是仅单个模块2、或多个或一组模块2(数量小于模块2的总数)与该充电设备相连接。
在图3中所示的实施方式(在该实施方式中,每个模块2均与一个充电设备30相连接并且所有模块2并行地被充电)中,所有充电设备30提供相同的电流,但分别仅为电池10的额定电压的1/N。
根据本发明的使用了分摊的充电联接系统的充电方法容许使用功率不太强的充电设备。由此也可以使用提供较小输出电压的充电设备,因为不一定要由唯一的充电设备来提供电池的整个额定电压。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于车辆驱动器电机的电源,该电源包括:
电池系统(10),该电池系统包括:
至少两个模块(2),该至少两个模块各自具有串联连接的至少两个电池单元(1)、正极和负极;和,
第一接口(6),该第一接口具有数量等于这些模块(2)的双倍数量的端子,其中这些模块(2)的每个极各自经由导体(3,4)来相应地与该第一接口(6)的一个端子相连接,其中将这些模块(2)的正极与该第一接口(6)相连接的这些导体(3)各自具有一个开关(5),当该第一接口(6)的相关联的端子断开时,该开关为断开的;
其中所述电源还包括:
第二接口(7),该第二接口具有数量与该电池系统(10)的该第一接口(6)的数量相同的端子;
多个保险装置(8),这些保险装置的数量对应于在该电池系统(10)中的模块(2)的数量减去1;和,
整流器(20);
其中该第二接口(7)的每个端子分别与该第一接口(6)的一个端子相连接,并且每个保险装置(8)分别与该电池系统(10)的这些模块(2)中的一个模块的正极、以及与该电池系统(10)的这些模块(2)中的另一个模块的负极相连接,使得该电池系统(10)的所有模块(2)经由这些保险装置(8)串联连接,并且其中该第二接口(7)的其余两个端子与该整流器(20)的输入端相连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电源,该电池系统是HV电池系统。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电源,其中,这些模块(2)的电压总和大于800V。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的电源,其中,该第一接口(6)被实施为HV插拔连接器。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的电源,其中,该开关(5)被实施为电气或电子致动的开关。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的电源,其中,该整流器(20)包括逆变器。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的电源,其中,该整流器(20)包括降压变换器。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的电源,其中,这些保险装置(8)中的至少一个为熔断保险装置。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的电源,其中,这些保险装置(8)中的至少一个为电子保险装置。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的电源,其中,该第一接口(6)和该第二接口(7)共同构成HV插拔连接。
11.一种用于给电池系统(10)充电的方法,该方法包括:
将至少一个充电设备(30)与该电池系统(10)的至少一个模块(2)相连接,其中该电池系统(10)包括:
至少两个模块(2),该至少两个模块各自具有串联连接的至少两个电池单元(1)、正极和负极;和,
第一接口(6),该第一接口具有数量等于这些模块(2)的双倍数量的端子,其中这些模块(2)的每个极各自经由导体(3,4)来相应地与该第一接口(6)的一个端子相连接,其中将这些模块(2)的正极与该第一接口(6)相连接的这些导体(3)各自具有一个开关(5),当该第一接口(6)的相关联的端子断开时,该开关为断开的;以及
将该电池系统(10)充电,其中:
多个充电设备(30)各自同时与至少一个模块(2)相连接、并且与这些充电设备(30)相连接的这些模块(2)同时被充电。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,这些充电设备(30)的数量等于在该电池系统(10)中的这些模块(2)的数量。
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