CN108607591A - 一种碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- silver bromide
- bromine oxygen
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- oxygen bismuth
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- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- UGVKQBKFTXCCNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Bi]=O.[Br] Chemical class [Bi]=O.[Br] UGVKQBKFTXCCNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- CJJMLLCUQDSZIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxobismuth Chemical compound [Bi]=O CJJMLLCUQDSZIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002055 nanoplate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001621 bismuth Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth chloride Chemical compound Cl[Bi](Cl)Cl JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000502 poloxamer Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical group Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- -1 bismuthino Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPNKDDZCLDMRHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrooxybismuthanyl nitrate Chemical class [Bi+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PPNKDDZCLDMRHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FOQHYNYNHYNUIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Br] Chemical class [O].[Br] FOQHYNYNHYNUIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TXKAQZRUJUNDHI-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth tribromide Chemical compound Br[Bi](Br)Br TXKAQZRUJUNDHI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0203—Preparation of oxygen from inorganic compounds
- C01B13/0207—Water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2101/34—Organic compounds containing oxygen
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2101/36—Organic compounds containing halogen
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料及其制备方法和应用,该材料为三元纳米复合物,其中,基体材料为溴氧铋,碳氮烯与溴化银为增强及稳定相,碳氮烯占5~10wt%,溴化银占5~20wt%,余量为溴氧铋,溴化银纳米颗粒均匀的生长在碳氮烯/溴氧铋复合纳米片上。本发明采用简易的工艺合成高光催化性能碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米材料,所得复合纳米材料对工业废水中的有机染料具有很好的降解效率,50min内对RhB(罗丹明B)的降解率可达95%以上,因此在光催化、气敏、污水处理等领域中具有重要的应用,有望用于大规模的工业生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米材料领域,具体涉及一种碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
近年来,半导体光催化剂作为解决能源危机和环境问题的绿色技术,已经成为当前全球关注的热点之一。直到今天,各种各样的半导体光催化剂被用来降解有机污染物,而TiO2由于其高光催化性能、低价、无毒及良好的化学稳定性,已经被证明是最有效的光催化剂的之一。然而,传统的光催化剂的活性主要在紫外光区,较大的禁带宽度限制了光生电子的效率,不利于光催化性能的提高。因此,开发和发展高性能及稳定性的可见光光催化剂已成为当前光催化技术研究的前沿。更重要的是,许多文献也证明可见光光催化降解过程是非常安全、有效、绿色和可持续发展的。
随着可见光驱动光催化剂的发展,以BiOBr为代表的铋基光催化剂由于其独特的自组装结构、有趣的电子结构和高效可见光光催化性能受到了广泛的关注。许多铋基化合物都具有窄的禁带宽度及优异的光催化性能,这主要归结于O 2p和Bi 6s2杂化。专利CN103007967 B、CN 107321369 A、CN 104667951 B、CN 105836799 B等相继报道纯的BiOBr纳米材料的合成方法并应用于典型有机染料的降解。而对于提升传统的光催化剂活性,引入其他的半导体材料协同增强是当前的光催化领域研究的趋势,石墨烯、高活性银基光催化剂常常作为增强组分用于光催化材料的复合,CN 104096578 B、CN 104607214 B等专利报道了AgBr增强传统光催化材料的应用,但是很少有多组分复合光催化材料的报道。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料及其制备方法和应用,采用碳氮烯、溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米材料,形成三元增强复合光催化剂,提升溴氧铋的可见光光催化性能,拓展其可见光条件下在光催化处理工业废水及光催化分解水产氧等领域的应用,其制备方法,成本低廉、工艺简单、得到的光催化剂产率高。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料,所述材料为三元纳米复合物,其中,基体材料为溴氧铋,碳氮烯与溴化银为增强及稳定相,碳氮烯占5~10wt%,溴化银占5~20wt%,余量为溴氧铋,溴化银纳米颗粒均匀的生长在碳氮烯/溴氧铋复合纳米片上。
一种碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1)碳氮烯/氧化铋前驱体的合成:将尿素、铋盐及氯化钠混合物按比例置于反应釜内,采用熔盐法制备Bi2O3掺杂的多孔的g-C3N4片状材料,即为碳氮烯/氧化铋前驱体;
步骤2)碳氮烯/溴氧铋复合纳米片的合成:将步骤1)制备的碳氮烯/氧化铋前驱体加入溴源与表面活性剂的混合溶液,采用混合溶剂法合成碳氮烯/溴氧铋复合纳米片,并清洗、干燥;
步骤3)碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料的合成:将步骤2)制备的碳氮烯/溴氧铋复合纳米片分散到去离子水中,再采用滴加的方式引入Br-,通过离子置换的方式合成所述碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料。
优选的,步骤1)所述铋盐为硝酸铋或氯化铋;所述氯化钠的含量为混合物质量的40~80%。
优选的,步骤2)所述表面活性剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、聚乙二醇或者泊洛沙姆,其添加量为0.2~1g。
优选的,所述表面活性剂为聚乙二醇,其添加量为0.2~1g。
一种碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料在净化工业废水中有机污染物上的应用。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明采用简易的工艺合成高光催化性能的碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料,所得复合纳米材料对工业废水中的有机染料具有很好的降解效率,50min内对RhB(罗丹明B)的降解率可达95%以上,因此在光催化、气敏、污水处理等领域中具有重要的应用,有望用于大规模的工业生产。
附图说明
图1为纯BiOBr、g-C3N4、g-C3N4/BiOBr和g-C3N4/BiOBr/AgBr的XRD图谱;
图2为g-C3N4/BiOBr/AgBr的X射线光电子能谱(XPS);
图3为实施例1中g-C3N4/BiOBr的SEM图;
图4为实施例1中g-C3N4/BiOBr/AgBr的SEM图;
图5为不同g-C3N4添加量(5~20%)的g-C3N4/BiOBr/AgBr复合光催化材料对罗丹明B在可见光条件下的降解曲线;
图6为不同AgBr添加量(5~15%)的g-C3N4/BiOBr/AgBr复合光催化材料对罗丹明B的降解曲线。
具体实施方式
以下通过附图与实施例进一步描述本发明,由技术常识可知,本发明也可通过其它的不脱离本发明技术特征的方案来描述,因此所有在本发明范围内或等同本发明范围内的改变均被本发明包含。本发明所采用的所有试剂均为商业产品,可经过市售途径获得。
实施例1
(1)分别称取0.65g尿素、1.17g硝酸铋及10g氯化钠球磨混合均匀后转入不锈钢坩埚中,在管式炉中650℃条件下保温2h,升温速率为5℃/min,最终得到g-C3N4/Bi2O3复合材料前驱体。其中g-C3N4制备的产率为10%。
(2)将(1)中合成的前驱体1g加到60mL的去离子水中,机械搅拌30min后加入0.2g聚乙二醇作为表面活性剂,超声分散2h,再加入10mL的KBr溶液(1mol/L)搅拌混合均匀后传入水热反应釜,在80℃条件下水热反应6h,将反应产物用乙醇和去离子水反复洗涤离心,真空干燥箱60℃条件下干燥8h得g-C3N4/BiOBr的复合纳米材料。
(3)将(2)合成产物加入到50mL的去离子水中,超声分散30min后,在保持持续机械搅拌的条件下,逐滴滴加0.05mol/L的银氨溶液于上述溶液,通过控制银氨溶液加入体积控制AgBr的含量,本实施例中滴加银氨溶液的体积为5mL,上述溶液在避光的条件下继续机械搅拌4h,再将产物用乙醇和去离子水反复洗涤离心,真空干燥箱60℃条件下干燥8h,其产率为92%,其中g-C3N4的含量为5%,AgBr为5%,余量为BiOBr。
图1为纯BiOBr、g-C3N4、g-C3N4/BiOBr和g-C3N4/BiOBr/AgBr的XRD图谱,从图中可以看出,对于纯g-C3N4,在13.1°和27.5°位置出现一个衍射峰,分别对应于六方相g-C3N4标准卡片JCPDS no.87-1526一致;纯BiOBr的衍射峰与四方相结构BiOBr标准卡片JCPDSno.09-0393一致。而在二元和三元复合光催化材料中存在明显BiOBr的特征峰,g-C3N4的特征峰不明显,这可能与其较低的含量有关。同时,在三元复合材料中,30.9°位置出现一个新的峰,对应于立方相AgBr的(200)晶面,证明了复合材料中AgBr的存在。
图2为g-C3N4/BiOBr/AgBr的X射线光电子能谱(XPS),其表明产物主要组成元素为C、N、Br、O、Bi和Ag,进一步证明了产物中g-C3N4的存在。
实施例1中的g-C3N4/BiOBr和g-C3N4/BiOBr/AgBr的SEM图如图3、4所示,由图3中可以清晰的看出BiOBr与g-C3N4的复合片层结构的存在,而在图4的三元体系中,片层结构的表面出现了AgBr的颗粒。
实施例2
(1)分别称取6.5g尿素、12g三氯化铋及16g氯化钠球磨混合均匀后转入不锈钢坩埚中,在管式炉中680℃条件下保温2h,升温速率为2℃/min,最终得到g-C3N4/Bi2O3复合材料前驱体。其中g-C3N4制备的产率为10%。
(2)将(1)中合成的前驱体1g加到60mL的去离子水中,机械搅拌30min后加入0.6g聚乙二醇作为表面活性剂,超声分散2h,再加入12mL的KBr溶液(1mol/L)搅拌混合均匀后传入水热反应釜,在80℃条件下水热反应6h,将反应产物用乙醇和去离子水反复洗涤离心,真空干燥箱60℃条件下干燥8h得g-C3N4/BiOBr的复合纳米材料。
(3)将(2)合成产物加入到50mL的去离子水中,超声分散30min后,在保持持续机械搅拌的条件下,逐滴滴加0.05mol/L的银氨溶液于上述溶液,通过控制银氨溶液加入体积控制AgBr的含量,本实施例中滴加银氨溶液的体积为10mL,上述溶液在避光的条件下继续机械搅拌4h,再将产物用乙醇和去离子水反复洗涤离心,真空干燥箱60℃条件下干燥8h,其产率为92%,其中g-C3N4的含量为5%,AgBr为10%,余量为BiOBr。
实施例3
(1)分别称取13g尿素、9g硝酸铋及12g氯化钠球磨混合均匀后转入不锈钢坩埚中,在管式炉中650℃条件下保温2h,升温速率为5℃/min,最终得到g-C3N4/Bi2O3复合材料前驱体。其中g-C3N4制备的产率为10%。
(2)将(1)中合成的前驱体1g加到60mL的去离子水中,机械搅拌30min后加入1g聚乙二醇作为表面活性剂,超声分散2h,再加入10mL的KBr溶液(1mol/L)搅拌混合均匀后传入水热反应釜,在80℃条件下水热反应6h,将反应产物用乙醇和去离子水反复洗涤离心,真空干燥箱60℃条件下干燥8h得g-C3N4/BiOBr的复合纳米材料。
(3)将(2)合成产物加入到50mL的去离子水中,超声分散30min后,在保持持续机械搅拌的条件下,逐滴滴加0.05mol/L的银氨溶液于上述溶液,通过控制银氨溶液加入体积控制AgBr的含量,本实施例中滴加银氨溶液的体积为20mL,上述溶液在避光的条件下继续机械搅拌4h,再将产物用乙醇和去离子水反复洗涤离心,真空干燥箱60℃条件下干燥8h,其产率为95%,其中g-C3N4的含量为10%,AgBr为20%,余量为BiOBr。
实施例1~3中,步骤(1)中的铋盐还可以采用溴化铋;步骤(2)中的表面活性剂还可以采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵或者泊洛沙姆,其添加量为0.2~1g。
上述实施例中,g-C3N4与AgBr的含量对BiOBr为基体的三元光催化材料的性能有着重要的影响,在保持原有合成条件的基础上,调控碳氮烯(5~20%)与溴化银(5~15%)含量的各组分节点,同时在上述实施例的基础上,我们分别考察碳氮烯、溴化银含量对复合材料的影响,得到了最佳优选条件。
不同g-C3N4添加量(5~20%)的g-C3N4/BiOBr/AgBr复合光催化材料对罗丹明B在可见光条件下的降解曲线如图5所示,结果表明,不同g-C3N4添加量的g-C3N4/BiOBr/AgBr复合光催化材料对罗丹明B都具有很好降解能力,特别是含量为10%时具有最佳的降解性能。
不同AgBr添加量(5~15%)的g-C3N4/BiOBr/AgBr复合光催化材料对罗丹明B的降解曲线如图6所示,结果表明,添加各种AgBr含量的g-C3N4/BiOBr/AgBr复合光催化材料对罗丹明B都具有很好降解能力,而含量为10%时具有更好的光催化活性,50min内的降解率约为95%。
Claims (6)
1.一种碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料,其特征在于,所述材料为三元纳米复合物,其中,基体材料为溴氧铋,碳氮烯与溴化银为增强及稳定相,碳氮烯占5~10wt%,溴化银占5~20wt%,余量为溴氧铋,溴化银纳米颗粒均匀的生长在碳氮烯/溴氧铋复合纳米片上。
2.基于权利要求1所述的一种碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1)碳氮烯/氧化铋前驱体的合成:将尿素、铋盐及氯化钠混合物按比例置于反应釜内,采用熔盐法制备Bi2O3掺杂的多孔的g-C3N4片状材料,即为碳氮烯/氧化铋前驱体;
步骤2)碳氮烯/溴氧铋复合纳米片的合成:将步骤1)制备的碳氮烯/氧化铋前驱体加入溴源与表面活性剂的混合溶液,采用混合溶剂法合成碳氮烯/溴氧铋复合纳米片,并清洗、干燥;
步骤3)碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料的合成:将步骤2)制备的碳氮烯/溴氧铋复合纳米片分散到去离子水中,再采用滴加的方式引入Br-,通过离子置换的方式合成所述碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)所述铋盐为硝酸铋或氯化铋;所述氯化钠的含量为混合物质量的40~80%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)所述表面活性剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、聚乙二醇或者泊洛沙姆,其添加量为0.2~1g。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂为聚乙二醇,其添加量为0.2~1g。
6.权利要求1所述的碳氮烯/溴化银共修饰溴氧铋复合纳米光催化材料在净化工业废水中有机污染物上的应用。
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