CN108604984B - 用于内容中心网络中的兴趣加密的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于内容中心网络中的兴趣加密的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN108604984B
CN108604984B CN201780007961.7A CN201780007961A CN108604984B CN 108604984 B CN108604984 B CN 108604984B CN 201780007961 A CN201780007961 A CN 201780007961A CN 108604984 B CN108604984 B CN 108604984B
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克里斯多夫·A·伍德
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
    • H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0838—Key agreement, i.e. key establishment technique in which a shared key is derived by parties as a function of information contributed by, or associated with, each of these
    • H04L9/0841—Key agreement, i.e. key establishment technique in which a shared key is derived by parties as a function of information contributed by, or associated with, each of these involving Diffie-Hellman or related key agreement protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0861—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0869—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords involving random numbers or seeds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0861—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords

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Abstract

一个实施例提供了一种促进CCN中的高效内容交换的系统。在操作期间，系统接收由客户端计算设备生成的具有名称的兴趣，该名称包括可路由前缀和一个或多个原始名称分量的第一散列，其中该名称是分层结构的可变长度标识符，该可变长度标识符包括从最一般级别到最特殊级别排序的连续的名称分量。系统基于原始名称分量和随机生成的第一随机数的第二散列来计算密钥。系统使用密钥对兴趣的有效载荷进行加密，其中兴趣指示第一随机数。响应于发送兴趣，系统接收具有基于密钥加密的有效载荷的内容对象，其中兴趣允许正在接收的内容生产设备计算密钥并解密有效载荷。

Description

用于内容中心网络中的兴趣加密的方法和系统
技术领域
本公开通常涉及数字内容的分发。更具体地，本公开涉及针对兴趣(interest)加密的系统，其促进内容中心网络中的消费者和生产者之间的高效内容交换。
背景技术
互联网和电子商务的激增继续创造出大量的数字内容。内容中心网络(CCN)架构已被设计为促进访问和处理这种数字内容。CCN包括诸如网络客户端、转发器(例如，路由器)、和内容生产者之类的实体或节点，这些实体或者节点通过发送针对各种内容项目的兴趣分组并作为回报接收内容对象分组来彼此通信。CCN兴趣和内容对象由它们的唯一名称来标识，这些名称通常是分层结构的可变长度标识符(HSVLI)。HSVLI可以包括从最一般级别到最特殊级别排序的连续名称分量(component)。
客户或消费者通过向网络发布具有唯一名称的兴趣来从CCN中获取内容。CCN兴趣也可能带有可选的有效载荷，其用于将信息“推送”给生产者。为了保护任何兴趣中的敏感信息，目前的技术允许消费者与生产者建立密钥来加密私有数据或使用生产者的公钥来加密私有数据。在前一种情况下，消费者和生产者必须使用在建立共享密钥时的密钥交换协议来交换信息。在后一种情况下，消费者必须已拥有生产者的公钥或通过网络进行信息交换以获取生产者的公钥。这些技术需要不止一次往返时间(“RTT”)的兴趣内容交换或者关于目标生产者公钥的先验知识，这会影响CCN中的内容分发的效率。
发明内容
一个实施例提供了促进CCN中的高效内容交换的系统。在操作期间，系统接收由客户端计算设备生成的具有名称的兴趣，该名称包括可路由前缀和一个或多个原始名称分量的第一散列，其中该名称是分层结构的可变长度标识符，该标识符包括从最一般级别到最特殊级别排序的连续的名称分量。系统基于原始名称分量和随机生成的第一随机数的第二散列来计算密钥。系统使用密钥对兴趣的有效载荷进行加密，其中兴趣指示第一随机数。响应于发送兴趣，其中兴趣允许正在接收的内容生产设备计算密钥并解密有效载荷，系统接收具有基于密钥加密的有效载荷的内容对象，由此减少内容中心网络中兴趣加密的延迟。
在一些实施例中，系统基于第一Diffie-Hellman参数和随机生成的第二随机数来确定第一值。系统基于第二散列来确定第二值，其中第二散列还基于第二Diffie-Hellman参数。系统基于第一值和第二值来计算密钥，其中兴趣还指示第一值和第二参数。
在一些实施例中，系统将第一值、第一随机数、和第二参数附加到兴趣的名称。
在一些实施例中，计算密钥还基于对第一值和第二值执行的密钥导出函数。
在一些实施例中，内容对象指示要在客户端计算设备和内容生产设备之间的后续通信中使用的配置信息，并且该配置信息如以下方式中的一个或多个来指示：嵌入在内容对象中；以及作为链接被包括在内容对象中。
在一些实施例中，响应于接收到内容对象，系统基于密钥来对有效载荷进行解密。
在一些实施例中，使用密钥对有效载荷进行加密是基于输出认证者标签的带有关联数据算法的认证加密，并且兴趣还指示该认证者标签。
在本发明的另一实施例中，系统通过内容生产设备接收具有名称的兴趣，该名称包括可路由前缀和一个或多个原始名称分量的第一散列，其中名称是分层结构的可变长度标识符，该标识符包括从最一般级别到最特殊级别排序的连续的名称分量，其中兴趣指示第一随机数，并且其中基于密钥对兴趣的有效载荷进行加密。系统根据原始名称分量和第一随机数的第二散列来计算密钥。系统基于密钥来对兴趣的有效载荷进行解密，并且生成具有基于密钥加密的有效载荷的内容对象，从而减少内容中心网络中的兴趣加密的延迟。
在该实施例的变型中，兴趣还指示第一值和第一Diffie-Hellman参数，并且计算所述密钥还包括：基于第二散列来确定第二值，其中第二散列还基于第一参数；以及基于对第一值和第二值执行的密钥导出函数来计算密钥。
在一些实施例中，兴趣的名称包括第一值、第一随机数、和第一参数。
在一些实施例中，系统基于先前存储的第一散列到原始名称分量的映射来获得原始名称分量。
在一些实施例中，系统在内容对象中指示要在客户端计算设备和内容生产设备之间的后续通信中使用的配置信息，其中指示配置信息还涉及以下各项中的一个或多个：将配置信息嵌入到内容对象中；以及将到配置信息的链接包括在内容对象中。
在一些实施例中，还基于输出认证者标签的带有关联数据算法的加密来对有效载荷进行加密，其中兴趣还指示认证者标签，并且其中对有效载荷进行解密涉及：验证认证者标签。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的示例性环境。
图2A示出了根据本发明实施例的用于促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的示例性兴趣和内容对象。
图2B示出了根据本发明实施例的用于促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的示例性兴趣和内容对象。
图2C示出了根据本发明实施例的用于促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的示例性兴趣和内容对象。
图2D示出了根据本发明实施例的用于促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的示例性兴趣和内容对象。
图3呈现了根据本发明实施例的示出由客户端计算设备进行的用于促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的方法的流程图。
图4呈现了根据本发明实施例的示出由内容生产设备进行的用于促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的方法的流程图。
图5A示出了根据本发明实施例的促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的示例性计算机系统。
图5B示出了根据本发明实施例的促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的示例性计算机系统。
在附图中，相同的参考数字指代相同的附图元件。
具体实施方式
呈现以下描述以使本领域任何技术人员能够制造和使用实施例，并且在特定应用及其要求的情境下提供以下描述。对于本领域的技术人员来说，对所公开的实施例的各种修改将是显而易见的，并且在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下，可将本文所定义的一般原理应用于其他实施例和应用。因此，本发明不限于所示的实施例，而是符合与本文公开的原理和特征一致的最宽范围。除非另有指定，使用序数形容词“第一”、“第二”、和“第三”等来描述共同或类似的对象，仅指示相同对象的不同实例被引用，而非旨在暗示所描述的对象必须按照(时间上、空间上、排序中、或以任何其他方式的)给定的顺序。
概览
本发明的实施例提供了用于高效内容交换的系统，其避免了消费者获得生产者的密钥和对去往生产者的兴趣进行加密所需的传统往返时间(“RTT”)。用于保护兴趣中的敏感信息的当前技术要求消费者已经拥有生产者的公钥或者执行至少一次往返的兴趣内容对象交换以获得生产者的公钥或建立共享密钥。本发明的实施例通过提供一种协议来消除这些要求，该协议允许消费者对兴趣的有效载荷进行加密并提供兴趣中的信息，该信息仅允许生产者计算密钥并随后对经加密的兴趣的有效载荷进行解密。该协议是无状态兴趣加密并且基于Diffie-Hellman算法。
假定兴趣的名称包括可路由前缀和一个或多个原始名称分量(“N”)。消费者基于原始名称分量N和附加变量(包括标准Diffie-Hellman参数和随机生成的随机数)来计算密钥(“k”)。消费者用密钥k对兴趣有效载荷进行加密，并且将用于计算k的附加变量中的一些作为明文包括在兴趣中。这些变量可以被包括在兴趣名称或兴趣的一个或多个字段中。消费者还将原始名称分量中的一些的散列(例如，“h(N)”)包括在兴趣名称中。在美国专利申请No.14/947,810中描述了掩盖名称和内容的透明加密协议。
当生产者发布与N相对应的内容时，生产者存储N和h(N)之间的映射。如果接收到具有包含h(N)的名称的兴趣，生产者可以容易地提取或获得N。然后，生产者可以使用其关于N的知识和包括在兴趣中的附加变量来计算密钥k。生产者可以对兴趣有效载荷进行解密并使用k对响应内容对象有效载荷进行加密。只有知道N和h(N)之间的映射的实体可以使用包括在兴趣中的明文变量来计算密钥k。也就是说，单独的明文变量不能被恶意节点用来计算密钥。该协议在下面关于图1进行描述。
另外，生产者可以选择将包括例如生产者的公钥的配置信息包括在响应内容对象中，消费者可以在与生产者的后续通信中使用该公钥。生产者可以通过将配置信息嵌入到内容对象中或者通过将到配置信息的链接包括在内容对象中来包括配置信息，如下面关于图2C和2D所述。
因此，该系统为消费者和生产者之间的内容交换提供了安全和高效的方法，该方法消除了首先建立共享状态(即，用于确定共享密钥的RTT兴趣内容对象交换)的需要。
在CCN中，每段内容被单独命名，并且每段数据被绑定到一个唯一名称，该唯一名称将该数据与任何其他数据(例如，相同数据的其他版本或来自其他源的数据)区分开。该唯一名称允许网络设备通过传播指示唯一名称的请求或兴趣来请求数据，并且可以独立于数据的存储位置、网络位置、应用、和运输方式来获取数据。以下术语用于描述CCN架构：
内容对象(或“内容对象”)：一个命名数据，其被绑定到一个唯一名称。内容对象是“持久的”，这意味着内容对象可以在计算设备内或跨不同的计算设备移动，但它不会改变。如果内容对象的任何分量发生改变，则做出这种改变的实体将创建包括更新内容的新内容对象，并将该新内容对象绑定到一个新的唯一名称。
唯一名称：CCN中的名称通常与位置无关并唯一地标识内容对象。数据转发设备可以使用该名称或名称前缀来将分组转发到生成或存储内容对象的网络节点，而不管内容对象的网络地址或物理位置如何。在一些实施例中，名称可以是分层结构的可变长度标识符(HSVLI)。HSVLI可以被分成若干分层分量，该分层分量可以用各种方式来构建。例如，单个名称分量pare、home、ccn、和test.txt可以以左向前缀的主要方式来构造以形成名称“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”。因此，名称“/parc/home/ccn”可以是“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”的“父”或“前缀”。可以使用附加分量来区分不同版本的内容项目，例如，协作文档。
在一些实施例中，名称可以包括标识符，例如，从内容对象的数据(例如，校验和值)和/或从内容对象名称的元素导出的散列值。在美国专利申请No.13/847,814中描述了基于散列的名称。名称也可以是平面标签。在下文中，“名称”用于指名称-数据网络中的任何数据段的名称，例如，分层名称或名称前缀、平面名称、固定长度的名称、任意长度的名称、或标签(例如，多协议标签交换(MPLS)标签)。
兴趣(或“兴趣”)：指示针对某数据段的请求的分组，并且该分组包括该数据段的名称(或名称前缀)。数据消费者可以在信息中心网络上传播请求或兴趣，CCN/NDN路由器可以向存储设备(例如，缓存服务器)或数据生产者传播请求或兴趣，该存储设备或数据生产者可以提供所请求的数据以满足请求或兴趣。
本文所公开的方法不限于CCN网络，并且也适用于其他架构。在美国专利申请No.12/338,175中描述了CCN架构。
示例性的网络和通信
图1示出了根据本发明的实施例的促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的示例性环境。网络100可以包括消费者或内容请求设备116、生产者或内容生产设备118和120、以及节点102、104、106、108、110、112、和114处的路由器或其他转发设备。节点可以是计算机系统、代表用户的终点、和/或可以生成兴趣或发起内容的设备。节点也可以是边缘路由器(例如，CCN节点102、104、112、和114)或核心路由器(例如，中间CCN路由器106、108、和110)。网络100可以是内容中心网络。
在操作期间，客户端计算设备116可以生成具有名称150.1(“/r_prefix/N.”)的兴趣150。假定兴趣的名称包括不被加密的可路由前缀(例如，“r_prefix”)，使得兴趣可以被路由到适当的生产者。假定该名称还包括一个或多个名称分量(例如“N”)。另外，假定如下：“p”和“g”是标准DF算法参数；“Hp(·)”是将其输入映射到整数模(modulo)p的散列函数；“h(·)”是标准密码函数，用于利用名称N标识内容；并且“KDF”是密钥导出函数。
客户端计算设备116可以如下计算密钥“k”(生成密钥170)：设备116可以生成两个随机数，“r1模p”和“r2模p”。设备116可以计算两个值“x”和“y”，使得：
x＝gr1 等式(1)
y＝Hp(N||r2) 等式(2)
设备116然后可以计算值“s”，从该“s”导出密钥k：
s＝xy模p 等式(3)
k＝KDF(s) 等式(4)
在一些实施例中，设备116使用标准的带有关联数据的认证加密(AEAD)算法(例如，AES-GCM或AES-CWC)，其输出认证者标签“t”。设备116可以保存认证者标签t。
设备116可以用h(N)代替兴趣150的名称150.1中的N(如具有名称152.1的兴趣152所示)。设备116还可以将x、r2、p、和t包括在兴趣152中，这通过将这些值附加到兴趣名称或通过将它们包括在兴趣的特定字段中来实现。设备116可以用密钥k来对兴趣152的有效载荷152.2来进行加密(加密172)。例如，兴趣152可以具有名称152.1，其值为“/r_prefix/(h(N)，x，r2，p，t)”，其中，N等于例如“/a/b/c”，并且有效载荷152.2具有基于密钥k加密的“<data>”。设备116可以发送前往内容生产设备118的兴趣152。兴趣152可以通过网络100经由节点或路由器102、110、和112前进，最终到达内容生产设备或生产者118。
在接收到兴趣152后，内容生产设备118可以提取h(N)、x、r2、p、和t。设备118可以基于先前的映射从h(N)获得N，并且在发布对应内容之前已计算出N的映像。设备118可以生成具有名称160.1(“/r_prefix/N”)的响应内容对象160并以与消费者类似的方式来计算密钥k(生成密钥180)。例如，设备118可以计算y＝Hp(N||r2)(等式(2))并且s＝xy模p(等式(3))，并且可以通过计算k＝KDF(s)(等式(4))来恢复密钥k。设备118随后可以使用密钥k来对兴趣的有效载荷进行解密(解密182)。设备118还可以验证认证者标签t(如果包括的话)。设备118还可以对具有名称162.1(“/r_prefix/(h(N)，x，r2，p，t)”)和具有基于密钥k加密的“<data>”的有效载荷162.2的响应内容对象162的有效载荷进行加密(加密184)。
在一些实施例中，消费者(例如，客户端计算设备116)和生产者(例如，内容生产设备118)可以通过将“h(N||r)”用作输入来从合适的KDF函数导出共享密钥k，其中“r”是具有足够熵的随机数：
k＝KDF(h(N||r)) 等式(5)
生产者然后可以生成具有基于密钥k加密的有效载荷的响应内容对象。
注意，在图1中，出于说明的目的，由设备116生成并发送的兴趣分组被描绘为两个兴趣(150和152)。类似地，出于说明的目的，由设备118创建并发送的响应内容对象被描绘为两个内容对象(160和162)。
示例性兴趣和内容对象
图2A示出了根据本发明实施例的用于促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的示例性兴趣150和151以及内容对象160和161。如上所述，出于说明的目的，兴趣150和152被描述为两个兴趣，而内容对象160和162被描绘为两个内容对象。兴趣150可以具有名称150.1(“/r_prefix/N”)，并且兴趣152可以具有名称152.1(“/r_prefix/(h(N)，x，r2，p，t)”)和具有基于密钥k加密的“<data>”的有效载荷152.2。内容对象160可以具有名称160.1(“/r_prefix/N”)，并且内容对象162可以具有名称162.1(“/r_prefix/(h(N)，x，r2，p，t))和具有基于密钥k加密的“<data>”的有效载荷162.2。兴趣152和内容对象162分别对应于在图1的客户端计算设备116和内容生产设备118之间交换的CCN分组152和162。
图2B示出了根据本发明的实施例的用于促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的示例性兴趣151和内容对象161。兴趣151与图2A的兴趣152类似，不同之处在于兴趣151不包括由AEAD算法输出的认证者标签t(例如，如值为“/r_prefix/(h(N)，x，r2，p)”的名称151.1所示)。相应地，内容对象161与图2A的内容对象162类似，不同之处在于内容对象161不包括由AEAD算法输出的认证者标签t(例如，如值为“/r_prefix/(h(N)，x，r2，p)”的名称161.1所示)。
图2C示出根据本发明实施例的用于促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的示例性兴趣152和内容对象164。兴趣152对应于图2A的兴趣152。内容对象164类似于图2A的内容对象162，不同之处在于内容对象164的有效载荷164.2包括嵌入在内容对象164中的配置信息(例如，“config_file”)。
图2D示出了根据本发明实施例的用于促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的示例性兴趣152和内容对象166。兴趣152对应于图2A的兴趣152。内容对象166与图2A的内容对象162类似，不同之处在于内容对象166的有效载荷166.2包括作为链接被包括在内容对象166中的配置信息(例如，“*config_file”)。
客户端计算设备在生成加密兴趣中的作用
图3呈现了根据本发明实施例的示出由客户端计算设备进行的用于促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的方法的流程图300。在操作期间，系统通过客户端计算设备生成具有名称的兴趣，该名称包括可路由前缀和一个或多个原始名称分量(“N”)(操作302)。兴趣名称可以是分层结构的可变长度标识符，其包括从最一般级别到最特殊级别排序的连续的名称分量。系统基于随机生成的第一随机数(“r2”)、原始名称分量N、和附加变量来计算密钥(“k”)(操作304)。如上面关于图1所描述的，附加变量可以包括标准Diffie-Hellman参数(“p”和“g”)、随机生成的随机数(“r1”和“r2”)、和其他变量(例如，“x”、“y”、和“s”)。
系统用原始名称分量的密码散列(“h(N)”)来代替兴趣的名称中的原始名称分量N，其中兴趣指示第一随机数r2和附加变量(操作306)。例如，名称可以是“/r_prefix/(h(N)，x，r2，p)”，其中可以将x、r2、p、和其他变量(例如，认证者标签“t”)作为明文包括在兴趣名称中。这些变量也可以被包括在兴趣的一个或多个特殊字段中。系统用密钥k对兴趣的有效载荷进行加密(操作308)。响应于发送兴趣，系统接收具有基于密钥k加密的有效载荷的内容对象(操作310)。所发送的经加密的兴趣允许正在接收的内容生产设备计算密钥k，利用密钥k来对兴趣的有效载荷进行解密，以及利用密钥k对响应内容对象的有效载荷进行加密。另外，响应内容对象可以指示要在客户端计算设备和内容生产设备之间的后续通信中使用的配置信息(例如，内容生产设备的公钥)。
内容生产设备在返回响应内容对象中的作用
图4呈现了根据本发明实施例的示出由内容生产设备进行的用于促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的方法的流程图400。在操作期间，系统通过内容生产设备接收具有名称的兴趣，该名称包括可路由前缀和一个或多个原始名称分量的散列(“h(N)”)，其中兴趣指示第一随机数(“r2”)和附加变量，并且其中兴趣的有效载荷基于密钥(“k”)被加密(操作402)。系统基于先前存储的h(N)到N的映射来获得原始名称分量N(操作404)。系统基于原始名称分量N、第一随机数r2、和附加变量来计算密钥k(操作406)。然后系统用密钥k来对兴趣的有效载荷进行解密(操作408)。系统生成具有基于密钥k加密的有效载荷的响应内容对象(操作410)。系统可以可选地在内容对象中包括配置文件，该配置文件被嵌入在内容对象中或者作为链接嵌入在内容对象中(操作412，用虚线示出)。
示例性计算机系统。
图5A示出了根据本发明实施例的促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的示例性计算机系统502。计算机系统502包括处理器504、存储器506、和存储设备508。存储器506可以包括用作被管理的存储器的易失性存储器(例如RAM)，并且可以用来存储一个或多个存储器池。此外，计算机系统502可以耦合到显示设备510、键盘512、和指向设备514。存储设备508可以存储操作系统516、内容处理系统518、和数据530。
内容处理系统518可以包括在由计算机系统502执行时可以使计算机系统502执行在本公开中描述的方法和/或过程的指令。具体地，内容处理系统518可以包括用于在计算机网络(例如，内容中心网络(通信模块520))上向/从其他网络节点发送和/或接收数据分组的指令。数据分组可以包括具有名称的兴趣分组或内容对象分组，该名称包括可路由前缀和一个或多个原始名称分量的散列。
此外，内容处理系统518可以包括用于生成具有名称的兴趣(分组生成模块522)的指令，该名称包括可路由前缀和一个或多个原始名称分量的第一散列。内容处理系统518可以包括用于基于原始名称分量和随机生成的第一随机数的第二散列来计算密钥(密钥计算模块524)的指令。内容处理系统518还可以包括用于利用密钥来对兴趣的有效载荷进行加密(分组加密模块526)的指令，其中兴趣指示第一随机数。内容处理系统518可以包括用于响应于发送兴趣而接收具有基于密钥加密的有效载荷的内容对象(通信模块520)的指令。
内容处理系统518可以附加地包括用于以下操作的指令：基于第一标准Diffie-Hellman算法参数和随机生成的第二随机数来确定第一值；基于第二散列来确定第二值，其中该第二散列还基于第二标准Diffie-Hellman算法参数；以及基于第一值和第二值来计算密钥(密钥计算模块524)。内容处理系统518可以包括用于将第一值、第一随机数、和第二参数附加到兴趣的名称(分组生成模块522)的指令。内容处理系统518可以包括用于响应于接收到内容对象(通信模块520)而基于密钥对有效载荷进行解密(分组解密模块528)的指令。
图5B示出根据本发明的实施例的促进内容中心网络中的高效内容交换的示例性计算机系统552。计算机系统552包括处理器554、存储器556、和存储设备558。存储器556可以包括用作被管理的存储器的易失性存储器(例如RAM)，并且可以用于存储一个或多个存储器池。此外，计算机系统552可以耦合到显示设备560、键盘562、和指向设备564。存储设备558可以存储操作系统566、内容处理系统568、和数据580。
内容处理系统568可以包括在由计算机系统552执行时可以使计算机系统552执行本公开中描述的方法和/或过程的指令。具体地，内容处理系统568可以包括用于在计算机网络(例如，内容中心网络)上向/从其他网络节点发送和/或接收数据分组(通信模块570)的指令。数据分组可以包括具有名称的兴趣分组或内容对象分组，该名称包括可路由前缀和一个或多个原始名称分量的散列。
此外，内容处理系统568可以包括用于接收具有名称的兴趣(通信模块570)的指令，该名称包括可路由前缀和一个或多个原始名称分量的第一散列，其中兴趣指示第一随机数，并且其中兴趣的有效载荷基于密钥被加密。内容处理系统568可以包括用于基于原始名称分量和随机生成的第一随机数的第二散列来计算密钥(密钥计算模块574)的指令。内容处理系统568还可以包括用于基于密钥来对兴趣的有效载荷进行解密(分组解密模块578)并且用于生成具有基于密钥加密的有效载荷的内容对象(分组生成模块572和分组加密模块576)的指令。内容处理系统568可以包括用于验证认证者标签(分组解密模块578)的指令。
内容处理系统568可以附加地包括用于以下操作的指令：基于第二散列来确定第二值，其中第二散列还基于第一参数；以及基于对兴趣中指示的第一值和第二值执行的密钥导出函数来计算密钥(密钥计算模块574)。内容处理系统568可以包括用于基于先前存储的第一散列到原始名称分量的映射来获得原始名称分量(密钥计算模块574)的指令。
内容处理系统568还可以包括用于在内容对象中指示要在客户端计算设备和内容生产设备之间的后续通信中使用的配置信息(分组生成模块572)的指令，其中指示配置信息还涉及以下各项中的一个或多个：将配置信息嵌入在内容对象中；以及将到配置信息的链接包括在内容对象中。
数据530和数据580可以包括本公开中所描述的方法和/或过程所需的作为输入的或者所生成的作为输出的任何数据。具体地，数据530和数据580可以至少存储以下各项：兴趣或内容对象分组；名称；作为HSVLI的名称；可路由前缀；一个或多个原始名称分量；一个或多个原始名称分量的第一散列；随机生成的第一随机数；随机生成的第二随机数；原始名称分量和第一随机数的第二散列；有效载荷；密钥；基于密钥加密的兴趣或内容对象的有效载荷；第一标准Diffie-Hellman算法参数；第二标准Diffie-Hellman算法参数；基于第一Diffie-Hellman参数和第二随机数的第一值；基于第二散列的第二值；密钥导出函数；配置信息；嵌入在内容对象中或作为链接被包括在内容对象中的配置信息；带有关联数据算法的认证加密；认证者标签；以及指示第一散列、第一值、第一随机数、和第一Diffie-Hellman参数的兴趣或兴趣名称。
在该详细描述中描述的数据结构和代码通常存储在计算机可读存储介质上，该计算机可读存储介质可以是能够存储供计算机系统使用的代码和/或数据的任何设备或介质。计算机可读存储介质包括但不限于易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、磁性和光学存储设备(例如，磁盘驱动器、磁带、CD(光盘)、DVD(数字通用光盘或数字视频光盘))、或能够存储现在已知或以后开发的计算机可读介质的其他介质。
具体实施方式部分中描述的方法和过程可以被体现为可以存储在如上描述的计算机可读存储介质中的代码和/或数据。当计算机系统读取并执行存储在计算机可读存储介质上的代码和/或数据时，计算机系统执行被体现为数据结构和代码并被存储在计算机可读存储介质内的方法和过程。
此外，以上描述的方法和过程可以被包括在硬件模块中。例如，硬件模块可以包括但不限于专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、以及现在已知或以后开发的其他可编程逻辑器件。当硬件模块被激活时，硬件模块执行被包括在硬件模块内的方法和过程。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于促进高效内容交换的计算机系统，所述系统包括：
处理器；以及
存储有指令的存储设备，该指令在由所述处理器执行时使得所述处理器执行方法，所述方法包括：
由客户端计算设备生成具有名称的兴趣，该名称包括可路由前缀和一个或多个原始名称分量的第一散列，其中所述兴趣是指示针对数据段的请求的分组并且所述名称是分层结构的可变长度标识符，该可变长度标识符包括从最一般级别到最特殊级别排序的连续的名称分量；
基于所述原始名称分量和随机生成的第一随机数的组合的第二散列来计算密钥；
使用所述密钥对所述兴趣的有效载荷进行加密，其中所述兴趣指示所述第一随机数；
发送所述兴趣；以及
接收具有基于所述密钥加密的有效载荷的内容对象。
2.根据权利要求1所述的计算机系统，其中，计算所述密钥还包括：
基于第一Diffie-Hellman参数和随机生成的第二随机数来确定第一值；
基于所述第二散列来确定第二值，其中所述第二散列还基于第二Diffie-Hellman参数；以及
基于所述第一值和所述第二值来计算所述密钥，其中所述兴趣还指示所述第一值和所述第二Diffie-Hellman参数。
3.根据权利要求2所述的计算机系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
将所述第一值、所述第一随机数、和所述第二Diffie-Hellman参数附加到所述兴趣的所述名称。
4.根据权利要求2所述的计算机系统，其中，计算所述密钥还基于对所述第一值和所述第二值执行的密钥导出函数。
5.根据权利要求1所述的计算机系统，还包括：
提供用于基于所述密钥对所述兴趣的所述有效载荷进行解密的指令。
6.根据权利要求1所述的计算机系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
基于所述密钥对所述内容对象的所述有效载荷进行解密。
7.根据权利要求1所述的计算机系统，其中，使用所述密钥对所述有效载荷进行加密是基于输出认证者标签的带有关联数据的认证加密算法，并且其中所述兴趣还指示所述认证者标签。
8.一种用于促进高效内容交换的计算机系统，所述系统包括：
处理器；以及
存储指令的存储设备，该指令在由所述处理器执行时使得所述处理器执行方法，所述方法包括：
由内容生产设备接收具有名称的兴趣，该名称包括可路由前缀和一个或多个原始名称分量的第一散列，其中所述兴趣是指示针对数据段的请求的分组并且所述名称是分层结构的可变长度标识符，该可变长度标识符包括从最一般级别到最特殊级别排序的连续的名称分量，其中所述兴趣指示第一随机数，并且其中所述兴趣的有效载荷基于密钥被加密；以及
基于所述原始名称分量和所述第一随机数的组合的第二散列来计算所述密钥；
基于所述密钥来对所述兴趣的有效载荷进行解密；以及
生成具有基于所述密钥加密的有效载荷的内容对象。
9.根据权利要求8所述的计算机系统，其中，所述兴趣还指示第一值和第一Diffie-Hellman参数，并且其中计算所述密钥还包括：
基于所述第一Diffie-Hellman参数和随机生成的第二随机数来确定所述第一值；
基于所述第二散列来确定第二值，其中所述第二散列还基于所述第一Diffie-Hellman参数；以及
基于对所述第一值和所述第二值执行的密钥导出函数来计算所述密钥。
10.根据权利要求9所述的计算机系统，其中，所述兴趣的所述名称包括所述第一值、所述第一随机数、和所述第一Diffie-Hellman参数。
11.根据权利要求8所述的计算机系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
基于先前存储的所述第一散列到所述原始名称分量的映射来获得所述原始名称分量。
12.根据权利要求8所述的计算机系统，其中，所述方法还包括：
在所述内容对象中指示要在客户端计算设备和所述内容生产设备之间的后续通信中使用的配置信息，其中指示所述配置信息还涉及以下各项中的一个或多个：
将所述配置信息嵌入在所述内容对象中；以及
将到所述配置信息的链接包括在所述内容对象中。
13.根据权利要求8所述的计算机系统，其中，所述有效载荷还基于输出认证者标签的带有关联数据的加密算法来加密，其中所述兴趣还指示所述认证者标签，并且其中对所述有效载荷进行解密包括：
验证所述认证者标签。
14.一种用于促进高效内容交换的计算机实现的方法，所述方法包括：
由客户端计算设备生成具有名称的兴趣，该名称包括可路由前缀和一个或多个原始名称分量的第一散列，其中所述兴趣是指示针对数据段的请求的分组并且所述名称是分层结构的可变长度标识符，该标识符包括从最一般级别到最特殊级别排序的连续的名称分量；
基于所述原始名称分量和随机生成的第一随机数的组合的第二散列计算密钥；
使用所述密钥对所述兴趣的有效载荷进行加密，其中所述兴趣指示所述第一随机数；
发送所述兴趣；以及
接收具有基于所述密钥加密的有效载荷的内容对象。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，计算所述密钥还包括：
基于第一Diffie-Hellman参数和随机生成的第二随机数来确定第一值；
基于所述第二散列来确定第二值，其中，所述第二散列还基于第二Diffie-Hellman参数；以及
基于所述第一值和所述第二值来计算所述密钥，其中，所述兴趣还指示所述第一值和所述第二Diffie-Hellman参数。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：
将所述第一值、所述第一随机数、和所述第二Diffie-Hellman参数附加到所述兴趣的所述名称。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中，计算所述密钥还基于对所述第一值和所述第二值执行的密钥导出函数。
18.根据权利要求14所述的方法，还包括：
提供用于基于所述密钥对所述兴趣的所述有效载荷进行解密的指令。
19.根据权利要求14所述的方法，还包括：
基于所述密钥对所述内容对象的所述有效载荷进行解密。
20.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，使用所述密钥对所述有效载荷进行加密是基于输出认证者标签的带有关联数据的认证加密算法，并且其中所述兴趣还指示所述认证者标签。
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