CN108603562A - 具有可变振动的减振通道的液压支承 - Google Patents

具有可变振动的减振通道的液压支承 Download PDF

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CN108603562A
CN108603562A CN201780009043.8A CN201780009043A CN108603562A CN 108603562 A CN108603562 A CN 108603562A CN 201780009043 A CN201780009043 A CN 201780009043A CN 108603562 A CN108603562 A CN 108603562A
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hydraulic support
chamber
vibration damping
damping
support
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CN108603562B (zh
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T·时梅尔
T·斯托克
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Vibracoustic SE
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Trelleborg Vibracoustic GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/26—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper characterised by adjusting or regulating devices responsive to exterior conditions
    • F16F13/268—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper characterised by adjusting or regulating devices responsive to exterior conditions comprising means for acting dynamically on the walls bounding an equilibration chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/10—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like
    • F16F13/102—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like characterised by features of flexible walls of equilibration chambers; decoupling or self-tuning means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/10—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like
    • F16F13/105—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like characterised by features of partitions between two working chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/10—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like
    • F16F13/105—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like characterised by features of partitions between two working chambers
    • F16F13/107—Passage design between working chambers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combined Devices Of Dampers And Springs (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及液压支承(10)，尤其用于在车身上支承汽车发动机，具有支承支座芯体(12)且包围工作腔(13)的托簧(11)和通过隔板(14)与该工作腔(13)分隔开且由平衡膜(15)界定的平衡腔(16)。所述平衡腔(16)和所述工作腔(13)填充有液体并通过设于该隔板(14)内的阻尼通道(17)流体连通。该隔板(14)具有解耦膜(18)，该解耦膜将减振腔(19)与空气腔(20)分隔开。该空气腔(20)具有通风孔(22)。该隔板(14)具有带有减振通道(24)的减振板(23)，并且该减振通道(24)将所述减振腔(19)与所述工作腔(13)相连。

Description

具有可变振动的减振通道的液压支承
技术领域
本发明涉及液压支承，尤其涉及用于在车身上支承汽车发动机的液压支承，具有支撑支座芯体且包围工作腔的托簧和通过隔板与工作腔分隔开且由平衡膜界定的平衡腔，其中所述平衡腔和工作腔填充有液体且通过设于该隔板内的阻尼通道相互导液连通，并且该隔板具有解耦膜，该解耦膜将减振腔与空气腔分隔开，其中该空气腔具有通风孔。
背景技术
这样的液压阻尼支承尤其被用于在车身上支承汽车发动机，以便一方面阻尼由车道不平引起的振动且另一方面隔绝声音振动。由车道不平引起的振动通过液压系统来阻尼，在此，该液压系统由液体阻尼的工作腔、平衡腔和连通这两个腔的阻尼通道构成。液压系统的工作方式可以描述如下：工作腔通过托簧的运动被增大或减小，在此，位于工作腔内的液体经阻尼通道被压入平衡腔中。在阻尼通道中振荡的液体造成阻尼。
可变的支承还具有切换装置，借此可以使该支承适配于发动机的行驶运行或怠速运行并因此在怠速时具有减振功能。
这样的可变的液压支承例如由DE4141332C2公开了。在那里公开的可变的液压支承具有控制压力插口，其根据实施方式的不同能接受负压或正压。这种压力提供例如可以通过真空储存装置或气压管接头进行。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出前言所述类型的液压支承，其具有可变的减振。
本发明的目的通过一种根据权利要求1的液压支承来完成。液压支承的有利实施方式是从属权利要求的主题。
在本发明的液压支承中，该隔板具有带有减振通道的减振板。该减振通道将该减振腔与该工作腔相连通。所述减振板和解耦膜在工作中振动。开关单元的操作造成该通风孔打开或关闭空气腔。在关闭状态中，该解耦膜抵抗空气团振动。在打开状态中，空气可以逸出该空气腔。由此，该解耦膜在关闭状态中具有比在打开状态中更高的刚性。因此，该膜的刚性可通过该通风孔的切换来影响。而该减振板的刚性基本上与材料相关且主要受到材料的硬度和材料厚度的影响。
在车辆行驶运行中，该空气腔的通风孔通常是关闭的。于是，该解耦膜的刚性被调节成使得该解耦膜与减振板同相位振动。该减振板于是起到膜的作用并影响液压支承的动态刚性。
在发动机的怠速运行中，该空气腔的通风孔被打开，从而所述减振板和解耦膜异相振动。在此情况下，所述解耦膜的振动超过该减振板，因为空气可以逸出该空气腔。流体于是从该工作腔流过该减振通道并造成减振腔的体积变化，由此，该支承的动态刚性减小。动态刚性的降低取决于减振通道的直径和长度。在怠速运行中，即在该空气腔的通风孔打开时，本发明的支承因而施展附加的减振作用。
有利地，该减振板可以具有形成该减振通道的轴向突出壁。由此，该减振通道的直径和长度可以被简单调节。
有利地，该减振板由弹性材料制造。
在一个有利实施方式中，加强件且尤其是加固环被硫化到该减振板的壁中。这样的加强件保护该减振通道壁免于变形。
在另一个有利实施方式中，该减振板由热塑性弹性体制造。
在一个有利实施方式中，该隔板具有与该减振板一体成型的上喷口板。
在另一个有利实施方式中，该减振板具有支撑件。这样的支撑件能有利地影响到该减振板的刚性。
有利地，该支撑件与该加强件一体成型。这与所述壁相结合地进一步改善了该减振板的刚性。
有利地，该减振板的材料包围该支撑件。通过该措施，获得了所述工作腔相对于减振腔的弹性分隔。
在一个有利实施方式中，该支撑件与上喷口板一体成型。这是用于提高减振板刚性的进一步措施。
有利地，该支撑件具有至少一个凹空部。
在一个有利实施方式中，所述至少一个凹空部被该减振板的材料填充。这获得了所述减振腔与工作腔的弹性分隔且也积极地影响到减振板刚性。
在一个有利实施方式中，上喷口板由热塑性弹性体制造。
进一步优选地，该隔板具有上喷口板并且该减振板与该上喷口板一体成型。
优选地，该通风孔可通过一个开关单元尤其是弹性致动器来切换。目前通常不再设有如在现有技术中所规定的负压容器或气压管接头来切换该支承。此外，这样的电致动器要求较小的结构空间。
附图说明
以下，结合如图示意性所示的实施例来详述本发明，其中：
图1是本发明的液压支承的第一实施方式的竖向截面图；
图2是图1的液压支承的放大视图，在此该空气腔的通风孔是关闭的；
图3是图2的视图，在此该空气腔的通风孔是打开的；
图4是本发明的液压支承的第二实施例的放大截面图；
图5是本发明的液压支承的第三实施方式的截面图；
图6是本发明的液压支承的第四实施方式的截面图；
图7是本发明的液压支承的第五实施方式的截面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于在未示出的车身上支承未示出的汽车发动机的液压支承10。液压支承10具有由弹性体材料构成的托簧11用于支承硫化的支座芯体12。发动机被固定在支座芯体12上。
托簧11限定出工作腔13，工作腔通过隔板14与平衡腔16分隔开。该平衡腔16由平衡膜15界定，平衡膜也被称为膜片折叠囊。腔13和16填充有液压液体且通过设于隔板14中的阻尼通道17流体连通。
隔板14具有上喷口板27和下喷口板30。上喷口板27和下喷口板30由塑料制造。在上喷口板27和下喷口板30之间容纳有解耦膜18。在上喷口板27上固定如粘接有减振板23。
减振板23同心地具有轴向突出的壁25，该壁形成减振通道24。减振通道24将工作腔13与减振腔19相连通。通过设计该减振板23且尤其是其轴向突出的壁25，可以确定减振通道24的直径和长度。
减振腔19通过解耦膜18与空气腔20分隔开。空气腔20的一侧由解耦膜18界定，而另一侧由下喷口板30界定。
空气腔20可以通过通风孔22被打开或关闭。在本例子中，通风孔22如图所示是关闭的。通风孔22的打开和关闭通过开关单元21且尤其是通过电动致动器进行。
图2放大示出了图1的液压支承，在此，流体在工作腔13、减振腔19和空气腔20内的运动由箭头和波浪线所示。在图2中该通风孔22是关闭的。在此，密封件31从下方通过开关单元21压靠在通风孔22上。位于空气腔20内的空气因此在解耦膜18振动时无法逸出空气腔20。因此在空气腔20中形成压力阻力，这导致相比于空气腔20打开状态时更高的解耦膜18刚性。在此状态中，解耦膜18和减振板23大致同相位振动。在减振腔19内不发生体积变化。在行驶运行中就处于这种切换位置。
图3示出了图2的可变的液压支承，但在这里，通风孔22是打开的，因为密封件31不再从下方被压到通风孔22上。位于空气腔20内的空气现在可以经通风孔22逸出，由此减小了解耦膜18的刚性。解耦膜18在此状态中的振动超过减振板23。来自工作腔13的流体于是可以因为解耦膜18较软而从工作腔13经减振通道24流入减振腔19并在那里产生体积变化。该支承的动态刚性于是减小，这是因为在减振通道24内振动的流体支持发动机激振。在怠速运行中处于该切换位置。
图4示出了另一个实施例的减振板23的放大视图。加强件26且尤其是加固环在此被硫化到减振板23的壁25中。加强件26保护所述壁25免于变形且能用作吸收体。图4的实施例在其它方面与前述实施例一致，因此不考虑进一步的详细说明。
图5示出了另一个实施例的截面图，在此，减振板23由热塑性弹性体制造且与隔板的上喷口板27一体成型。此实施方式在其它方面也与上述实施方式没有区别，故没有进一步详述。
如在图6和图7中举例所示出地，减振板23可以具有支撑件32，由此支持减振板23的刚性。支撑件32例如可以由塑料、铝或钢板制造。在本例子中，支撑件32具有凹空部33且与加强件26一体成型。替代地或附加地，支撑件32可以如图7所示与上喷口板27一体成型。通过所述措施，可以有目的地提高减振板23的刚性。
可以想到用于提高减振板23的刚性的其它措施。它们例如可以如此实现，即减振板23的厚度从外到内地递增。附加地或替代地，可以在减振板23由热塑性弹性制造的情况下安置加强筋。
凹空部33例如可以按照图形地布置在支撑件32上且具有不同的形状。例如，凹空部33能以孔或辐条结构的形式构成。
减振板23的材料可以包围支撑件32。减振板23的材料例如可以被如此硫化，即它全面包围加强件26和支撑件32。此外，减振板23的材料可以填充支撑件32的凹空部33，由此获得了减振腔19和工作腔13的弹性分隔以及对高频行为的积极影响。
附图标记列表
10液压支承
11托簧
12支座芯体
13工作腔
14隔板
15平衡膜
16平衡腔
17阻尼通道
18解耦膜
19减振腔
20空气腔
21开关单元
22通风孔
23减振板
24减振通道
25壁
26加强件
27上喷口板
28盖
29壳体
30下喷口板
31密封件
32支撑件
33凹空部

Claims (14)

1.一种液压支承(10)，尤其用于在车身上支承汽车发动机，具有支承支座芯体(12)且包围工作腔(13)的托簧(11)和通过隔板(14)与该工作腔(13)分隔开且由平衡膜(15)界定的平衡腔(16)，其中所述平衡腔(16)和所述工作腔(13)填充有液体并通过设于该隔板(14)内的阻尼通道(17)流体连通，并且该隔板(14)具有解耦膜(18)，该解耦膜将减振腔(19)与空气腔(20)分隔开，其中该空气腔(20)具有通风孔(22)，其特征是，该隔板(14)具有带有减振通道(24)的减振板(23)，且该减振通道(24)将所述减振腔(19)与所述工作腔(13)相连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液压支承(10)，其特征是，该减振板(23)具有轴向突出的且界定该减振通道(24)的壁(25)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的液压支承(10)，其特征是，该减振板(23)由弹性材料制造。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的液压支承(10)，其特征是，该减振板(23)由热塑性弹性体制造。
5.根据权利要求3所述的液压支承(10)，其特征是，加强件(26)且尤其是加固环被硫化到该减振板(23)的壁(25)中。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的液压支承(10)，其特征是，该隔板(14)具有与该减振板(23)一体成型的上喷口板(27)。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述的液压支承(10)，其特征是，该减振板(23)具有支撑件(32)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的液压支承(10)，其特征是，该支撑件(32)与该加强件(26)一体成型。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的液压支承(10)，其特征是，该减振板(23)的材料包围该支撑件(32)。
10.根据权利要求7至9之一所述的液压支承(10)，其特征是，该支撑件(32)与该上喷口板(27)一体成型。
11.根据权利要求7至10之一所述的液压支承(10)，其特征是，该支撑件(32)具有至少一个凹空部(33)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的液压支承(10)，其特征是，所述至少一个凹空部(33)被该减振板(23)的材料填充。
13.根据权利要求6所述的液压支承(10)，其特征是，该上喷口板(27)由热塑性弹性体制造。
14.根据前述权利要求之一所述的液压支承(10)，其特征是，该通风孔(22)能通过开关单元(21)尤其是电动致动器被切换。
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