CN108594295B - Method for evaluating coal bed blasting pressure relief effect - Google Patents
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- CN108594295B CN108594295B CN201810543197.1A CN201810543197A CN108594295B CN 108594295 B CN108594295 B CN 108594295B CN 201810543197 A CN201810543197 A CN 201810543197A CN 108594295 B CN108594295 B CN 108594295B
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
a method for evaluating the pressure relief effect of coal bed blasting comprises the steps of arranging a micro-seismic sensor, calculating the micro-seismic event energy of a blasting hole, determining a judgment criterion and the like. The method has the advantages of high operability, high precision and reliable result, and solves the problem that the blasting effect is difficult to quantitatively evaluate.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to a method for evaluating a coal bed blasting pressure relief effect.
Background
The rock burst is a dynamic disaster which occurs under a coal mine and causes instant throwing of coal rock mass, tunnel damage and even casualties due to the sudden release of elastic energy accumulated by the coal rock mass in the excavation activity.
rock burst is one of the major disasters faced in coal mining. With the increasing depth of coal mining, rock burst disasters and the resulting series of accidents such as gas, water burst and mine earthquake are becoming more and more serious and common. The current coal bed blasting pressure relief is a common method for preventing and treating and relieving rock burst, and has the advantages of large pressure relief range, quick response and the like compared with means such as large-diameter pressure relief of coal beds. However, an effective evaluation method for the effect of coal seam blasting pressure relief is lacked at present, so that whether the impact risk of a dangerous area is relieved or not is difficult to judge, and meanwhile, difficulty is brought to reasonable design of blasting parameters.
disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for evaluating a coal bed blasting pressure relief effect.
the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the method for evaluating the pressure relief effect of coal bed blasting comprises the following steps:
(a) arranging a micro-seismic monitoring system and a plurality of micro-seismic sensors under a coal mine;
(b) arranging 3-6 coal seam blasting holes as test holes outside the mining influence range, wherein the parameters of the test holes are consistent with those of pressure relief holes for blasting;
(c) Blasting the test hole, obtaining the position information of the blasting event through a microseismic monitoring system after blasting, and when the average value of the horizontal positioning errors of the positioning coordinates of the microseismic monitoring system and the actual coordinates of the test hole is not more than 10m and the average value of the vertical positioning errors is not more than 20m, determining that the positioning precision meets the monitoring requirement, otherwise, modifying the wave velocity model until the requirement is met;
(d) Under the condition that the positioning accuracy meets the monitoring requirement, taking the value of the positioning coordinate of the microseismic monitoring system closest to the actual coordinate of the test hole as the final value of the positioning coordinate of the microseismic monitoring system, thereby obtaining the positioning coordinate of the test hole; and then respectively obtaining the energy released by the vibration events of the test holes through a microseismic monitoring system, and calculating the average value Eb of the energy of the vibration events of all the test holes, wherein the average value Eb is used as a standard value of the energy released by the coal bed blasting:
Eb＝∑Ei/n
wherein Ei represents the energy released by the ith test well vibration event, and the unit J, i is 1, … …, n, n is the total number of test wells;
(e) Positioning and energy calculation are carried out on the coal seam blasting pressure relief event M by adopting the positioning method;
(f) the evaluation index P of the coal bed blasting effect is calculated by adopting the following formula:
P＝∑Ej/m＊Eb
in the formula, m is the number of pressure relief blast holes of the coal seam, Ej is the energy released by the vibration event of the jth blast hole, and j is 1, … … and m;
(g) the following criteria are adopted to evaluate the coal bed blasting pressure relief effect:
When P is more than k, the blasting meets the pressure relief requirement
In the formula, the k value is determined according to the danger level of the impact danger area at the blasting position, the impact danger level is determined by adopting a comprehensive index method, and the k values of the no-impact, weak-impact, medium-impact and strong-impact danger areas are respectively 1, 2, 5 and 10.
in the method for evaluating the pressure relief effect of coal seam blasting, when other vibration events Mjl occur within 30min in an area with the radius smaller than 50m after the jth blast hole is blasted, Mjl is used as an induced event of an Mj event to position and calculate the energy of the event Mjl, the energy Ej released by the jth blast hole vibration event is calculated by the following formula,
Ej＝Ejd+∑Ejl
Ejd denotes the energy of the jth blast hole without considering the induction event, Ejl denotes the energy value of the jth induction event, l is 1, … …, q, q denote the number of induction events.
In the method for evaluating the coal bed blasting pressure relief effect, the micro-seismic sensor comprises two types, wherein one type is a probe type micro-seismic sensor and is arranged in a top plate, a coal bed or a bottom plate in a mining roadway; the other is a vibration pickup type micro-vibration sensor which is arranged on a roadway bottom plate.
In the method for evaluating the pressure relief effect of the coal seam blasting, when a probe type micro-seismic sensor is installed, a full-length anchoring bolt is constructed in a top plate, a coal seam or a bottom plate in a stoping roadway, and then the probe type micro-seismic sensor is fixed on the full-length anchoring bolt; when the shock-absorbing device type micro-seismic sensor is installed, a cement base station with the square of 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m is constructed on a roadway bottom plate, and the cement base station is connected with a bottom plate rock stratum through a full-length anchoring anchor rod with the length not less than 1.5 m.
in the method for evaluating the pressure relief effect of coal bed blasting, at least 4 microseismic sensors are installed in any one blast hole and are monitored simultaneously.
In the method for evaluating the coal bed blasting pressure relief effect, no fault, goaf or collapse column exists between the installation position of the microseismic sensor and the monitored blast hole.
In the method for evaluating the coal seam blasting pressure relief effect, the distance between the outer finger of the mining influence range and the nearest goaf is more than 350m, the distance between the nearest tunneling working face is more than 150m, and the distance between the nearest roadway and the nearest chamber is more than 50 m.
In the method for evaluating the pressure relief effect of coal bed blasting, the comprehensive evaluation method comprises the following steps:
on the basis of analyzing the occurrence of the rock burst disaster, the influence of geological factors and mining technical factors on the rock burst disaster is analyzed, the influence weight of various factors is determined, and then the factors are integrated. The risk index is divided into a geological factor evaluation index and a mining technical factor evaluation index, and the highest value of the geological factor evaluation index and the mining technical factor evaluation index is taken as a comprehensive evaluation index value of the impact risk.
And respectively calculating a geological factor evaluation index and a mining technical factor evaluation index according to an attached table 1 and an attached table 2.
Table 1 attached table for evaluating rock burst risk index corresponding to geological factor
Attached table 2 mining technical condition factor corresponding rock burst danger index evaluation table
And taking the highest value of the geological factor evaluation index and the mining technical factor evaluation index as the comprehensive evaluation index.
Wt＝max{Wt1，Wt2}
The risk classes are classified according to attached table 3.
Appendix 3 classification of rock burst hazard classes
| hazard class | Index of risk |
| A is not dangerous | ≤0.25 |
| weak danger of B | 0.25-0.5 |
| Moderate risk of C | 0.5-0.75 |
| Strong danger of D | ＞0.75 |
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) According to the method for evaluating the pressure relief effect of the coal bed blasting, the energy of the blasting vibration event is calculated by adopting a microseismic monitoring system in a mode of comparing the test hole with the actual blasting hole, so that the evaluation criterion of the pressure relief effect of the blasting is established, and the k value of a monitored area is scientifically determined according to a comprehensive evaluation method of rock burst.
(2) according to the method for evaluating the pressure relief effect of the coal bed blasting, the micro-seismic monitoring system is fully utilized, so that the monitoring precision is high, and the energy of the vibration event induced event is calculated into the energy of the vibration event, so that the monitoring precision is further improved, and the evaluation effect is improved.
(3) according to the evaluation method for the pressure relief effect of the coal bed blasting, the influence of mining factors and geological factors on the monitoring precision of the micro-seismic monitoring system is effectively eliminated, so that the monitoring precision is further improved, and the evaluation effect is improved.
Detailed Description
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below.
the method for evaluating the pressure relief effect of coal bed blasting comprises the following steps:
(a) Arranging a micro-seismic monitoring system and a plurality of micro-seismic sensors under a coal mine;
(b) Arranging 3-6 coal seam blasting holes as test holes outside the mining influence range, wherein the parameters of the test holes are consistent with those of pressure relief holes for blasting;
(c) Blasting the test hole, obtaining the position information of the blasting event through a microseismic monitoring system after blasting, and when the average value of the horizontal positioning errors of the positioning coordinates of the microseismic monitoring system and the actual coordinates of the test hole is not more than 10m and the average value of the vertical positioning errors is not more than 20m, determining that the positioning precision meets the monitoring requirement, otherwise, modifying the wave velocity model until the requirement is met;
(d) Under the condition that the positioning accuracy meets the monitoring requirement, taking the value of the positioning coordinate of the microseismic monitoring system closest to the actual coordinate of the test hole as the final value of the positioning coordinate of the microseismic monitoring system, thereby obtaining the positioning coordinate of the test hole; and then respectively obtaining the energy released by the vibration events of the test holes through a microseismic monitoring system, and calculating the average value Eb of the energy of the vibration events of all the test holes, wherein the average value Eb is used as a standard value of the energy released by the coal bed blasting:
Eb＝∑Ei/n
Wherein Ei represents the energy released by the ith test well vibration event, and the unit J, i is 1, … …, n, n is the total number of test wells;
(e) Positioning and energy calculation are carried out on the coal seam blasting pressure relief event M by adopting the positioning method;
(f) The evaluation index P of the coal bed blasting effect is calculated by adopting the following formula:
P＝∑Ej/m＊Eb
In the formula, m is the number of pressure relief blast holes of the coal seam, Ej is the energy released by the vibration event of the jth blast hole, and j is 1, … … and m;
(g) The following criteria are adopted to evaluate the coal bed blasting pressure relief effect:
when P is more than k, the blasting meets the pressure relief requirement
In the formula, the k value is determined according to the danger level of the impact danger area at the blasting position, the impact danger level is determined by adopting a comprehensive index method, and the k values of the no-impact, weak-impact, medium-impact and strong-impact danger areas are respectively 1, 2, 5 and 10.
when other vibration events Mjl occur within 30min in the area with the radius smaller than 50m after the jth blast hole is blasted, Mjl is used as an induced event of the Mj event to position and calculate the energy Mjl, the energy Ej released by the jth blast hole vibration event is calculated by the following formula,
Ej＝Ejd+∑Ejl
ejd denotes the energy of the jth blast hole without considering the induction event, Ejl denotes the energy value of the jth induction event, l is 1, … …, q, q denote the number of induction events.
the microseismic sensor comprises two types, wherein one type is a probe type microseismic sensor and is arranged in a roof, a coal seam or a bottom plate in a mining roadway; the other is a vibration pickup type micro-vibration sensor which is arranged on a roadway bottom plate.
When the probe type micro-seismic sensor is installed, a full-length anchoring anchor rod is constructed in a top plate, a coal bed or a bottom plate in a stoping roadway, and then the probe type micro-seismic sensor is fixed on the full-length anchoring anchor rod; when the shock-absorbing device type micro-seismic sensor is installed, a cement base station with the square of 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m is constructed on a roadway bottom plate, and the cement base station is connected with a bottom plate rock stratum through a full-length anchoring anchor rod with the length not less than 1.5 m.
at least 4 microseismic sensors are arranged for any one blast hole and are monitored simultaneously.
and no fault, goaf or collapse column exists between the installation position of the microseismic sensor and the monitored blast hole.
The distance between the mining influence range and the nearest goaf is larger than 350m, the distance between the nearest tunneling working face is larger than 150m, and the distance between the nearest roadway and the nearest chamber is larger than 50 m.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. a method for evaluating the pressure relief effect of coal bed blasting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(a) Arranging a micro-seismic monitoring system and a plurality of micro-seismic sensors under a coal mine;
(b) Arranging 3-6 coal seam blasting holes as test holes outside the mining influence range, wherein the parameters of the test holes are consistent with those of pressure relief holes for blasting;
(c) Blasting the test hole, obtaining the position information of the blasting event through a microseismic monitoring system after blasting, and when the average value of the horizontal positioning errors of the positioning coordinates of the microseismic monitoring system and the actual coordinates of the test hole is not more than 10m and the average value of the vertical positioning errors is not more than 20m, determining that the positioning precision meets the monitoring requirement, otherwise, modifying the wave velocity model until the requirement is met;
(d) under the condition that the positioning accuracy meets the monitoring requirement, taking the value of the positioning coordinate of the microseismic monitoring system closest to the actual coordinate of the test hole as the final value of the positioning coordinate of the microseismic monitoring system, thereby obtaining the positioning coordinate of the test hole; and then respectively obtaining the energy released by the vibration events of the test holes through a microseismic monitoring system, and calculating the average value Eb of the energy of the vibration events of all the test holes, wherein the average value Eb is used as a standard value of the energy released by the coal bed blasting:
Eb＝∑Ei/n
wherein Ei represents the energy released by the ith test hole vibration event, and the unit J, i is 1.
(e) Positioning and energy calculation are carried out on the coal seam blasting pressure relief event M by adopting the positioning method;
(f) The evaluation index P of the coal bed blasting effect is calculated by adopting the following formula:
P＝∑Ej/m*Eb
In the formula, m is the number of pressure relief blast holes of the coal seam, Ej is the energy released by the vibration event of the jth blast hole, and j is 1.
(g) The following criteria are adopted to evaluate the coal bed blasting pressure relief effect:
When P is more than k, the blasting meets the pressure relief requirement
In the formula, the k value is determined according to the danger level of the impact danger area at the blasting position, the impact danger level is determined by adopting a comprehensive index method, and the k values of the no-impact, weak-impact, medium-impact and strong-impact danger areas are respectively 1, 2, 5 and 10.
2. the method for evaluating the pressure relief effect of coal seam blasting according to claim 1, wherein:
When other vibration events Mjl occur within 30min in the area with the radius smaller than 50m after the jth blast hole is blasted, Mjl is used as an induced event of the Mj event to position and calculate the energy Mjl, the energy Ej released by the jth blast hole vibration event is calculated by the following formula,
Ej＝Ejd+∑Ejl
ejd represents the energy of the jth blast hole without considering the induced event, Ejl represents the energy value of the jth induced event, and l is 1.
3. The method for evaluating the pressure relief effect of coal seam blasting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the microseismic sensor comprises two types, wherein one type is a probe type microseismic sensor and is arranged in a roof, a coal seam or a bottom plate in a mining roadway; the other is a vibration pickup type micro-vibration sensor which is arranged on a roadway bottom plate.
4. The method for evaluating the pressure relief effect of coal seam blasting according to claim 3, wherein: when the probe type micro-seismic sensor is installed, a full-length anchoring anchor rod is constructed in a top plate, a coal bed or a bottom plate in a stoping roadway, and then the probe type micro-seismic sensor is fixed on the full-length anchoring anchor rod; when the shock-absorbing device type micro-seismic sensor is installed, a cement base station with the square of 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m is constructed on a roadway bottom plate, and the cement base station is connected with a bottom plate rock stratum through a full-length anchoring anchor rod with the length not less than 1.5 m.
5. The method for evaluating the pressure relief effect of coal seam blasting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: at least 4 microseismic sensors are arranged for any one blast hole and are monitored simultaneously.
6. The method for evaluating the pressure relief effect of coal seam blasting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: and no fault, goaf or collapse column exists between the installation position of the microseismic sensor and the monitored blast hole.
7. the method for evaluating the pressure relief effect of coal bed blasting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the distance between the mining influence range and the nearest goaf is more than 350m, the distance between the nearest tunneling working face is more than 150m, and the distance between the nearest roadway and the nearest chamber is more than 50 m.
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| CN112213767A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-01-12 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for evaluating advanced presplitting blasting effect of top plate |
| CN113107601A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-07-13 | 中国矿业大学 | Stope face pressure relief effect evaluation method based on multi-parameter monitoring parameters |
| CN113339072B (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-07-01 | 中国矿业大学 | Blasting pressure relief effect evaluation method based on microseismic signal waveform analysis |
| CN114924311B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2023-06-02 | 中国矿业大学 | Energy release effect quantitative evaluation method based on roof blasting induced vibration energy |
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