CN113847093A - Rock burst prevention and control method - Google Patents
Rock burst prevention and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113847093A CN113847093A CN202111237561.XA CN202111237561A CN113847093A CN 113847093 A CN113847093 A CN 113847093A CN 202111237561 A CN202111237561 A CN 202111237561A CN 113847093 A CN113847093 A CN 113847093A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock burst prevention and treatment method, which comprises the following steps: monitoring and early warning of rock burst: monitoring rock burst data of a coal mining area, and if the monitored rock burst data are within a safety range, carrying out safe mining on a coal mine; anti-scour treatment: if the rock burst data monitored in the rock burst monitoring and early warning step are not in the safety range, carrying out anti-impact treatment on the coal mining area, wherein the anti-impact treatment comprises anti-impact measures on a stope face and anti-impact measures on a tunneling face; and (3) detection of treatment effect: carrying out effect detection on the anti-impact treatment to check whether the anti-impact treatment meets the coal mining requirement or not, if the detection result is in a safety range, carrying out safe mining on the coal mine, and if the detection result is not in the safety range, continuing the anti-impact treatment; safety protection: safety protection measures are established before and during mining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a rock burst prevention and control method.
Background
In the prior art, in order to prevent rock burst, the measures and the schemes are not comprehensive and effective enough, and the occurrence of rock burst cannot be prevented to a greater extent, therefore, a method for comprehensively and effectively preventing rock burst is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a rock burst control method.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of controlling rock burst comprising:
monitoring and early warning of rock burst: monitoring rock burst data of a coal mining area, and if the monitored rock burst data are within a safety range, carrying out safe mining on a coal mine;
anti-scour treatment: if the rock burst data monitored in the rock burst monitoring and early warning step are not in the safety range, carrying out anti-impact treatment on the coal mining area, wherein the anti-impact treatment comprises anti-impact measures on a stope face and anti-impact measures on a tunneling face;
and (3) detection of treatment effect: carrying out effect detection on the anti-impact treatment to check whether the anti-impact treatment meets the coal mining requirement or not, if the detection result is in a safety range, carrying out safe mining on the coal mine, and if the detection result is not in the safety range, continuing the anti-impact treatment;
safety protection: safety protection measures are established before and during mining.
Preferably, the rock burst monitoring and early warning comprises:
monitoring regional microseisms;
monitoring mine pressure big data;
monitoring stress;
monitoring the ground sounds;
drilling cutting monitoring: including stope face cuttings monitoring and heading face cuttings monitoring.
Preferably, the measures to protect the stope face against impact include:
drilling a coal seam for pressure relief;
pre-splitting and blasting a top plate;
injecting water into the coal seam at high pressure;
and (5) carrying out pressure relief treatment on the bottom coal.
Preferably, the anti-impact measures for the heading face include:
drilling a coal seam for pressure relief;
pre-splitting and blasting a top plate;
injecting water into the coal seam at high pressure;
bottom coal pressure relief treatment;
and (4) high-pressure hydraulic fracturing.
Preferably, the abatement effect detection comprises: and (5) carrying out danger relieving effect inspection and pre-pressure relief effect inspection.
Preferably, the safety shield comprises:
protecting the system;
protecting a system;
protecting the environment;
and (4) individual protection.
Compared with the prior art, the rock burst control method disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the rock burst prevention and control method disclosed by the invention can comprehensively and effectively prevent the occurrence of rock burst and reduce the probability of the occurrence of the rock burst to a greater extent.
The summary of various implementations or examples of the technology described in this disclosure is not a comprehensive disclosure of the full scope or all features of the disclosed technology.
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In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like reference numerals may describe similar components in different views. Like reference numerals having letter suffixes or different letter suffixes may represent different instances of similar components. The drawings illustrate various embodiments, by way of example and not by way of limitation, and together with the description and claims, serve to explain the inventive embodiments. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts, where appropriate. Such embodiments are illustrative, and are not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive embodiments of the present apparatus or method.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a rock burst control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
To maintain the following description of the embodiments of the present invention clear and concise, a detailed description of known functions and known components of the invention have been omitted.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a rock burst control method, including the steps of:
s10: monitoring and early warning of rock burst: and (3) carrying out rock burst data monitoring on the coal mining area, and if the monitored rock burst data is in a safety range (no mining danger or no danger), carrying out safe mining on the coal mine.
Specifically, the rock burst monitoring and early warning method comprises the following steps:
and (3) regional microseismic monitoring, wherein an SOS microseismic monitoring system developed by Poland mine research institute is adopted, and at least 6 seismic sensors are arranged within the range of the radius of a working surface of 1000 m. And analyzing the microseismic monitoring signal according to the working surface vibration signal early warning critical value.
And (3) monitoring mine pressure big data, namely monitoring roof dynamics and support quality, wherein each upright column of the support is provided with a pressure gauge, and 1 measuring point is arranged in every 6 supports. And the material channel and the chute channel are used for monitoring the roof separation and the roadway surface displacement. The roof separation instrument is observed once a day within the range of 100m ahead, and the roof separation instrument and the surrounding rock observation station are observed once a week.
And (3) stress monitoring: a KJ743 stress on-line monitoring system is adopted, the working face is dynamically covered within the range of advancing by 300m along with the advancing of the working face, the distance between the stress gauge of the tunneling working face and the head is not more than 50m, the distance between each group of sensors is 20-30m, each group of sensors is divided into a shallow base point hole with the depth of 8m and a deep point hole with the depth of 12 m. The shallow basal critical value is 11MPa, and the deep basal critical value is 14 MPa.
Monitoring the ground sounds: an ARES-5/E ground sound monitoring system is adopted, and 2 sensors are respectively arranged in two crossroads in front of a coal face, and are respectively 70m away from the face and 120m away from the face. Sensors are respectively arranged on the tunneling working face at a distance of 30 and 70m from the head.
Drilling cutting monitoring: including stope face cuttings monitoring and heading face cuttings monitoring.
And (3) monitoring drill cuttings on a stope face: working face and the range leading by 100 m: a monitoring hole is respectively arranged 20m away from the upper outlet and the lower outlet on the working face; a monitoring hole is arranged on the lower side of the roadway at a distance of 30m, 60m and 90m from the upper outlet of the material road; the chute is arranged with a monitoring hole at two sides of the roadway at a distance of 30m, 60m and 90m from the lower outlet. The lead is within the range of 100 m-300 m: the working face is outward 100-200 m, and monitoring holes of 200-300 m are arranged: two sides of the chute are respectively provided with a monitoring hole, the lower side of the material channel is provided with 2 drilling cutting holes, and the drilling distance is 10-30 m.
Monitoring drill cuttings on a tunneling working surface: 1 monitoring hole is respectively arranged at 1m of two sides of the head-on midline. 1 monitoring hole is respectively arranged on two sides of the roadway at positions 5m, 30m, 60m and 90m away from the head. And (4) regularly monitoring the two sides of the roadway 150m away from the head by a drilling cutting method.
The low impact risk segment is monitored at least 1 time every 3 days, the medium impact risk segment is monitored at least 1 time every 2 days, and the high impact risk segment is monitored at least 1 time every day.
S20: anti-scour treatment: and if the rock burst data monitored in the rock burst monitoring and early warning step is not in a safety range (weak danger, medium danger or strong danger exists in a coal mining area), carrying out anti-impact treatment on the coal mining area, wherein the anti-impact treatment comprises anti-impact measures on a stope face and anti-impact measures on a tunneling face.
The anti-scour measures for the stope face comprise:
drilling a coal seam for pressure relief: the drill holes are arranged on the side of the solid coal, the distance between the position of the open hole and the bottom plate of the roadway is 0.5-1.5 m or the drill holes are constructed in the middle of the coal seam, the hole depth is 20m, the distance between the pressure relief holes in the high impact dangerous area is 0.8m, the distance between the pressure relief holes in the medium impact dangerous area is 1.6m, and the distance between the pressure relief holes in the low impact dangerous area is 2.4 m.
Pre-splitting and blasting a top plate: and the two sides of the material channel are provided with roof blasting holes which are vertical to the axial direction of the roadway, and the holes are formed in the roof. And 3 top plate blasting holes are constructed in each group, 1 top plate blasting hole is constructed in a high-upper mode, the hole depth is 40m, and the drilling distance is 8-12 m. 2 top plate blast holes are constructed at the low side, the hole depth is 45m and 50m, the drilling distance is 20-25m, and the low side drill holes are arranged in a section fan shape. Roof blast holes are arranged on two sides of the chute, are vertical to the axial direction of the roadway, open holes are positioned in the roof, 4 roof blast holes are constructed in each group, 1 roof blast hole is constructed on the lower side, and the hole depth is 40 m; go up 3 roof blast holes of group construction, 1# and 2# roof blast hole are the section fan-shaped and arrange, and the intergroup is apart from 20-25m, drilling depth, and 3# roof blast hole is arranged in the middle of two sets of 1#, 2# roof blast hole, apart from 1#, 8-12m of 2# roof blast hole.
High-pressure water injection of the coal bed: the water injection drill holes are designed on the stoping side of the working face, the distance between the drill holes is 10m, the hole depth of the lower upper of the material channel is not less than 85m, and the depth of the upper of the chute is not less than 105 m. And carrying out water injection work in advance of 50-200 m during the stoping period of the working face, wherein the high-pressure water injection pressure of the coal seam is 6-12 Mpa.
And (3) bottom coal pressure relief treatment: in order to reduce the stress concentration degree of the bottom coal area, the bottom coal area is treated by adopting large-diameter pressure relief drill holes according to the thickness of bottom coal. When the thickness of the bottom coal is less than 3m, large-diameter drill holes are adopted for pressure relief, the pressure relief drill holes of the chute bottom plate are arranged at the central line of the roadway and 1m positions away from the lower wall, and the drill holes of the material chute bottom plate are arranged at the positions of 1m on the left and the right of the central line of the roadway. The drill holes are arranged at intervals of 2m in the running direction, two rows are arranged in three patterns, and holes are deep with waste rocks. When the thickness of the bottom coal is more than 3m, the pressure relief is carried out by adopting the large-diameter drilling and the bottom coal blasting. Drilling holes on a row of bottom plates in the center line of the roadway; the bottom plate blast holes are arranged on two sides of the roadway and are 0.2-0.3 m away from the bottom plate, construction is carried out according to a depression angle of 60-70 degrees, the distance is 3m, and the hole depth is not less than 9m or gangue is found. The aperture is 42mm, the single-hole charge is not more than 3kg, and the hole sealing length is not less than 3 m.
The anti-impact measures for the heading face comprise:
drilling a coal seam for pressure relief: head-on advanced pre-pressure relief drilling: the head-on drilling depth is 25m, and 1-2 arrangement is carried out. Advancing corner holes: and pre-releasing the dead zones at the two sides of the head, wherein the hole depth is 28 m. The drill holes are arranged on the side of the solid coal, the hole depth is 20m, the hole diameter is 150mm, the distance is 1-3 m (the weak impact risk is not more than 3m, the medium impact risk is not more than 2m, and the strong impact risk area is not more than 1m)
Pre-splitting and blasting a top plate: and a row of pre-cracked blasting holes of the top plate are respectively arranged on the top plates on the two sides of the roadway, the hole depth is 50m, and the distance between the same row of pre-cracked blasting holes is not more than 30 m. The included angle between the low-wall blast hole and the roadway is 12 degrees, and the low-wall blast hole elevation angle is 18 degrees (+ -roadway direction angle); the elevation angle of the high-side blast hole is 30 degrees; 52kg of single-hole charge (the charge length is 13m), and the hole sealing length is not less than 17 m; the lag head-on of the top plate blast hole is not more than 20 m.
High-pressure water injection of the coal bed: the coal seam high-pressure water injection drilling holes are designed on two sides of a roadway, and water injection holes with the hole depth of 30m are constructed every 10-15 m. When the pressure relief hole is superposed with the water injection hole, the pressure relief hole is not constructed. The high-pressure water injection of the coal seam is designed in the range of 20-100m backward from the head. The high-pressure water injection pressure is not less than 8Mpa, and the number of single water injection holes is 1.
And (3) bottom coal pressure relief treatment: in order to reduce the stress concentration degree of the bottom coal area, the bottom coal area is treated by adopting large-diameter pressure relief drill holes according to the thickness of bottom coal. A row of bottom plates are arranged at the center line of the roadway for pressure relief and drilling, the intervals of the drill holes are 2m, and the holes are deep and see waste rocks; the bottom plate blast holes are arranged on two sides of the roadway and are 0.2-0.3 m away from the bottom plate, construction is carried out according to a 60-70-degree depression angle, the distance is 3m, and waste rocks are seen in the hole depth. The aperture is 42mm, the single-hole charge is not more than 3kg, and the hole sealing length is not less than 3 m.
High-pressure hydraulic fracturing: fracturing drill holes and observing drilling parameters, wherein the allowable error of an elevation angle of 70 degrees is +/-5 degrees, the inclination angle is perpendicular to the trend of the chute, and the inclination angle is 1m away from the lower wall of the chute and is linearly arranged. The hole depth of the cracking holes is confirmed according to the thickness of the top plate rock stratum, the distance is 8m, the hole diameter is not more than 50mm, and the hole depth is observed to be 12 m. The distance between the observation hole and the fracturing hole is not more than 4 m. The cracking pressure is not less than 30MPa, and the maximum is not more than 35 MPa.
S30: and (3) detection of treatment effect: and performing effect detection on the anti-impact treatment to check whether the anti-impact treatment meets the coal mining requirement, if the detection result is in a safety range, performing safe mining on the coal mine, and if the detection result is not in the safety range, continuing the anti-impact treatment.
And (4) danger relieving effect inspection: and verifying the abnormal range of the construction monitoring hole after danger relieving and pressure relief. Constructing an effective inspection hole with the abnormal range less than 5 m; constructing two effective test holes with the length of 5-15 m; and constructing three effective holes of 15-20 m, wherein the effective holes are evenly distributed in the abnormal area. Meanwhile, the maximum spacing of the test holes is not more than 10 m. If the test is normal, normal production is carried out; if the verification is abnormal, the construction pressure relief holes are encrypted, and the verification is carried out again until the normal operation is achieved.
And (3) testing the pre-pressure relief effect: after pre-pressure relief, carrying out effect inspection by adopting a drilling cutting method, micro-seismic monitoring or stress monitoring, if the index is normal, the working surface is in normal production, if the index is abnormal, carrying out pressure relief and danger relief, and carrying out effect inspection.
S40: safety protection measures are established before and during mining.
And (4) system protection: and establishing an admission system for personnel in the impact dangerous area. The distance between the driving face and the head of the vehicle is 200m, and the number of people entering the vehicle is not more than 9; the number of overhaul shifts of the stope face in the advance range of the face is not more than 40, the number of production shifts is not more than 16, and the number of people in the coal cutting period is not more than 9.
And (3) system protection: establishing seven systems: the monitoring system is a compressed air self-rescue system; a water supply rescue system; an emergency communication broadcast system; an emergency hedge system; a communication contact system; a personnel location system.
And (3) environmental protection: and (5) managing standby materials and equipment stored in the impact dangerous area. When dangerous conditions exist underground, a team leader, a dispatcher and an anti-impact professional are in charge of instructing field operation personnel to stop operation and remove people in case of power failure. After the rock burst happens, an emergency rescue plan must be started quickly to prevent secondary disasters. The maintenance and the cleaning of the roadway are enhanced, the section of the roadway meets the design and safety requirements, but the roadway expansion and the repair cannot be carried out simultaneously with the excavation operation.
Individual protection: the field operation personnel work clothes and the safety helmets are worn neatly; during the scour protection drilling construction or the release danger relieving period, the operating personnel must wear the scour protection clothes and the scour protection helmet. All workers in the area must receive education regarding rock burst knowledge. And impacting the dangerous area to fix the anchor rod head and the anchor cable head.
The rock burst control method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that:
the rock burst prevention and control method disclosed by the invention can comprehensively and effectively prevent the occurrence of rock burst and reduce the probability of the occurrence of the rock burst to a greater extent.
Moreover, although exemplary embodiments have been described herein, the scope of the present invention includes any and all embodiments based on the present invention with equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., of various embodiments across), adaptations or alterations. The elements of the claims are to be interpreted broadly based on the language employed in the claims and not limited to examples described in the present specification or during the prosecution of the application, which examples are to be construed as non-exclusive. It is intended, therefore, that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims and their full scope of equivalents.
The above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. For example, the above-described examples (or one or more versions thereof) may be used in combination with each other. For example, other embodiments may be used by those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the above description. In addition, in the above-described embodiments, various features may be grouped together to streamline the disclosure. This should not be interpreted as an intention that a disclosed feature not claimed is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter may lie in less than all features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description as examples or embodiments, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment, and it is contemplated that these embodiments may be combined with each other in various combinations or permutations. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for controlling rock burst, comprising:
monitoring and early warning of rock burst: monitoring rock burst data of a coal mining area, and if the monitored rock burst data are within a safety range, carrying out safe mining on a coal mine;
anti-scour treatment: if the rock burst data monitored in the rock burst monitoring and early warning step are not in the safety range, carrying out anti-impact treatment on the coal mining area, wherein the anti-impact treatment comprises anti-impact measures on a stope face and anti-impact measures on a tunneling face;
and (3) detection of treatment effect: carrying out effect detection on the anti-impact treatment to check whether the anti-impact treatment meets the coal mining requirement or not, if the detection result is in a safety range, carrying out safe mining on the coal mine, and if the detection result is not in the safety range, continuing the anti-impact treatment;
safety protection: safety protection measures are established before and during mining.
2. The method for controlling rock burst according to claim 1, wherein the rock burst monitoring and early warning comprises:
monitoring regional microseisms;
monitoring mine pressure big data;
monitoring stress;
monitoring the ground sounds;
drilling cutting monitoring: including stope face cuttings monitoring and heading face cuttings monitoring.
3. The method for controlling rock burst according to claim 1, wherein the measures for preventing impact on the stope face include:
drilling a coal seam for pressure relief;
pre-splitting and blasting a top plate;
injecting water into the coal seam at high pressure;
and (5) carrying out pressure relief treatment on the bottom coal.
4. The method of controlling rock burst according to claim 1, wherein the measure of protecting the heading face from impact comprises:
drilling a coal seam for pressure relief;
pre-splitting and blasting a top plate;
injecting water into the coal seam at high pressure;
bottom coal pressure relief treatment;
and (4) high-pressure hydraulic fracturing.
5. The method for controlling rock burst according to claim 1, wherein the detection of the effect of treatment comprises: and (5) carrying out danger relieving effect inspection and pre-pressure relief effect inspection.
6. The method for controlling rock burst according to claim 1, wherein said safety protection comprises:
protecting the system;
protecting a system;
protecting the environment;
and (4) individual protection.
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CN117868825A (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-04-12 | 中国矿业大学 | Mine tunnel bottom plate mine pressure control method |
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