CN108592012B - A kind of biomass combustion furnace of high effect cleaning - Google Patents
A kind of biomass combustion furnace of high effect cleaning Download PDFInfo
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- CN108592012B CN108592012B CN201810333711.9A CN201810333711A CN108592012B CN 108592012 B CN108592012 B CN 108592012B CN 201810333711 A CN201810333711 A CN 201810333711A CN 108592012 B CN108592012 B CN 108592012B
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- burner hearth
- ash
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B70/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means returning solid combustion residues to the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
- F23J1/02—Apparatus for removing ash, clinker, or slag from ash-pits, e.g. by employing trucks or conveyors, by employing suction devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2700/00—Ash removal, handling and treatment means; Ash and slag handling in pulverulent fuel furnaces; Ash removal means for incinerators
- F23J2700/001—Ash removal, handling and treatment means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is a kind of biomass combustion furnace of high effect cleaning, belongs to energy and environment technical field.The biomass combustion furnace mainly includes burner hearth, fire grate, cold ash cellar, water-cooling wall, feed bin, feeder, blower and deslagging bucket；The fire grate is set to lower furnace portion, deslagging bucket is set below burner hearth, cold ash cellar is arranged in deslagging bucket lower part, water-cooling wall is located at the top of burner hearth, hearth wall of the air supply tube of blower between fire grate and deslagging bucket puts in burner hearth, feed bin is connect by feeder with the fire grate inside burner hearth, and the biomass combustion furnace further includes one and is used for the grey spray equipment of heat that the middle and upper part out of burner hearth sprays hot ash into burner hearth.Fuel and air in biomass combustion furnace of the present invention are when burning in the hearth; hot lime-ash is fluidized in entire burner hearth using lower fluidising air velocity; hot ash can capture the volatility ash, little particle ash and bulky grain ash generated due to biomass combustion; reduce fouling of heating surface slagging and etching problem; the disturbance for increasing hot-air in burner hearth, strengthens its heat exchange between water-cooling wall, increasing fuel stroke; reduce the waste of heat resource, it is ensured that the high efficiency of energy source conversion system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biomass combustion furnaces of high effect cleaning, belong to energy and environment technical field.
Background technique
Concern of the global air temperature warming by government and relevant departments, the discharge for reducing carbon dioxide isothermal chamber gas are compeled
In the eyebrows and eyelashes.Biomass energy due to its carbon dioxide zero discharge and it is renewable the advantages that, become energy field concern hot spot.
It is pointed out in " renewable energy industry development guidance list ", the biomass for the direct generation of electricity is mainly agricultural crop straw, forest
The waste of the agriculture and forestry such as matter.Biomass can not only reduce thermal power industry CO2 emission for combustion power generation, and
And traditional fuel crisis in short supply can be alleviated.
China has also regard the research of biomass utilization technologies and application as emphasis research topic.China's biomass power generation
Have research and development in 20 years or more and utilize experience, this biomass economy mode is still well worth doing in the following 10-20.Biomass
The adding new capacity of power generation added up 3,300,000 kilowatts newly-increased 4 years from 2006 to 2010 year.Biomass power generation has been at present
Through most mature, the maximum biomass utilization field of development scale as technology.
Biomass neutral and alkali substance and chlorinity are high, easily form dust stratification on boiler heating surface surface in burning, increase furnace
Interior heat transfer resistance reduces boiler thermal efficiency, causes serious malignant event.And alkali metal in dust stratification and chlorine also will cause heating surface
Corrosion.Dust stratification and etching problem have become the major obstacle for hindering biomass generation development.
Currently, furnace internal heating surface dust stratification and clogging problems are more serious, biomass combustion using the combustion furnace of biomass fuel
Furnace thermal efficiency is between 70-75%, such as CN201721572480.4 discloses a kind of heat pipe heat exchanging twin furnace biomass boiler
Organic Rankine Cycle distributed heat chp system is driven, the thermal efficiency of heat pipe heat exchanging twin furnace biomass boiler is in the patent
A kind of twin furnace of twin furnace biomass boiler driving Organic Rankine Cycle disclosed in 73% or so, CN201721574131.6 is raw
Substance boiler thermal efficiency, which is that a kind of biomass combustion heat-driven is absorption disclosed in 70% or so, CN201610606102.7, to be had
The biomass boiler of machine Rankine cycle distributed triple-generation system, the thermal efficiency are 75% or so, and heat transfer effect is poor in furnace,
Heat energy utilization is low, waste of resource, and the thermal energy underused is thrown into air, causes the thermal pollution of ambient enviroment.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of biomass combustion furnaces of high effect cleaning, using the biomass of this high effect cleaning
Combustion furnace can reduce fouling of heating surface slagging and etching problem, disturbance in enhancing furnace, and enhanced heat exchange increases fire stroke, promotees
Into fuel completely burned, the waste of heat resource is reduced, realizes the cascade utilization to heat, to solve environmental pollution, energy benefit
With the problems such as rate is low, generating efficiency is low.
Solving scheme used by technical problem of the invention is: a kind of biomass combustion furnace of high effect cleaning, main to wrap
Include burner hearth, fire grate, cold ash cellar, water-cooling wall, feed bin, feeder, blower and deslagging bucket；The fire grate is set to lower furnace portion, furnace
Deslagging bucket is set below thorax, and deslagging bucket lower part is arranged cold ash cellar, and water-cooling wall is located at the top of burner hearth, and the air supply tube of blower is from fire grate
Hearth wall between deslagging bucket puts in burner hearth, and feed bin is connect by feeder with the fire grate inside burner hearth, which is characterized in that institute
The biomass combustion furnace stated further includes one and is used for the grey spray equipment of heat that the middle and upper part out of burner hearth sprays hot ash into burner hearth.
The grey spray equipment of heat of the present invention mainly includes hot grey spray tube, heat grey spray nozzle, hot ash cellar, pressurization
Pump, elevator and heat exchanger；The elevator lower end is connected by pipeline with cold ash cellar, and elevator upper end is connected with heat exchanger,
The top of heat exchanger is connected by pipeline with hot ash cellar, the grey spray nozzle of one end installation heat of the grey spray tube of heat, and is protruded into
The middle and upper part of burner hearth, the other end are connect by force (forcing) pump with hot ash cellar.
The biomass combustion furnace further includes a smoke evacuation pipeline, and the flue gas in pipeline of discharging fume is situated between as the heat exchange of heat exchanger
Matter, the cold ash for being lifted into heat exchanger with lifter discharge or carry out subsequent processing after being exchanged heat.
Cold ash in cold ash cellar is elevated machine and is lifted into heat exchanger, fires in heat exchanger with the fuel of biomass combustion furnace
Enter hot ash cellar after the flue gas heat exchange that burning generates, the heat ash in hot ash cellar is passed through by the grey spray tube of heat by force (forcing) pump and is sprayed from hot ash
It sprays in head spray to burner hearth, there is the heat ash sprayed certain speed to be distributed in entire burner hearth, and winged heat ash is not only strengthened
Heat exchange in burner hearth, and collided with substances such as the ash of volatility caused by fuel combustion, little particle ash and bulky grain ashes, by
In the hot grey characteristics such as temperature height and porous media, volatility ash, little particle ash and bulky grain ash etc. largely can be adsorbed and melted
Substance, to achieve the purpose that reduce Boiler Heating Surfaces and the dust stratifications such as fire grate.
The effect of the water-cooling wall is that the thermal energy that the working medium in water-cooling wall is generated with fuel combustion swaps, in water-cooling wall
Working medium can use water, organic media can also be used, such as toluene, pentane, tetrafluoroethane, butane, iso-butane, pentane, different
Pentane, pentamethylene, 8- methyl, 3- siloxanes, 10- methyl, any one or several mixture in 4- siloxanes.
Feeder of the present invention can be the feeder of the other forms such as groove profile belt or partition plate belt, preferably
Groove profile belt.Feed bin is connect by feeder with the fire grate inside burner hearth, and the fuel in feed bin is sent into burner hearth by feeder
It burns on interior fire grate.
The grey spray nozzle of heat in the present invention can be it is one or more groups of, the number of heat ash spray nozzle is according to size of burner hearth
Size is designed, and the present invention is not specially limited, as long as entire burner hearth cross section can be covered i.e. by reaching the hot ash sprayed out
It can.And the present invention is not specially limited shape, the model etc. of hot grey spray nozzle, sprays hot ash as long as can be realized
Purpose.
Elevator of the present invention preferably selects high velocity vertical bucket elevator.
Blower of the present invention preferably uses different location to blow, and high wind among fire grate by being sent into, and weak wind is by fire grate two
Side is sent into, and the heat ash for thus capturing a large amount of slagging and corrosive deposit is fallen through into deslagging bucket along burner hearth two sides.
Biomass combustion furnace of the present invention is raw suitable for agriculture and forestry organic waste material (such as stalk, sawdust, bagasse, rice chaff)
The burning of substance.
The working principle of biomass combustion furnace of the invention is: feed bin sends fuel in burner hearth by feeder, and blower will
Air is fed below the fire grate, fuel and air when burning in the hearth, the slagging such as volatility ash and corrosion heating surface substance
Hot ash is fallen along burner hearth two sides is discharged into deslagging bucket, and subsequently into storing in cold ash cellar, cold ash is first passed through by elevator promotion and changed
After the flue gas that hot device and biomass combustion furnace fuel burning generate is exchanged heat, it is elevated into hot ash cellar, into hot ash cellar
Heat ash hot grey spray tube is conveyed by force (forcing) pump, then out of hot grey spray nozzle spray to burner hearth, to complete once
The burn cycle of high effect cleaning.
The present invention uses heat ash of the lower speed air fluidisation fed from bottom in upper furnace using spray mode, quilt
There is the heat ash of spray certain speed to be distributed in entire burner hearth, and winged heat ash not only strengthens heat exchange in burner hearth, but also and fuel
The substances such as the ash of volatility caused by burning, little particle ash and bulky grain ash are collided, due to hot grey temperature height and porous Jie
The characteristics such as matter largely can adsorb and melt the substances such as volatility ash, little particle ash and bulky grain ash, to reach reduction fire grate
The purpose of equal Boiler Heating Surfaces and dust stratification.It captures the slagging such as volatility ash and corrodes the heat ash of heating surface substance along burner hearth two
Side, which is fallen, is discharged into ash bucket, and subsequently into storing in cold ash cellar, cold ash first passes through the progress of heat exchanger heat-exchange working medium by elevator
Hot ash cellar is sent into heat exchange later, waits again feeding burner hearth to be sprayed into the hot ash in hot ash cellar, above to complete once
The burn cycle of high effect cleaning.In the biomass combustion furnace of the high effect cleaning fly hot ash can deposit volatility ash component and
Little particle ash, and be easy to capture the larger ash particle struck under effect of inertia on hot ash, reduce fouling of heating surface slagging and
Etching problem.
This system has the advantages that
(1) the hot ash flown in the biomass combustion furnace of high effect cleaning can deposit volatility ash component and little particle ash, and
And be easy to capture the larger ash particle struck under effect of inertia on hot ash, reduce fouling of heating surface slagging and etching problem.
(2) hot lime-ash is fluidized in entire burner hearth using lower fluidising air velocity, increases the disturbance of hot-air in burner hearth,
Strengthen its heat exchange between water-cooling wall, increasing fuel stroke reduces the waste of heat resource, it is ensured that the height of energy source conversion system
Effect property.
(3) working medium is fluidized as burner hearth using lime-ash, it is only necessary to which lower fluidising air velocity avoids fuel also imperfect combustion
It is just blown away, reduces the loss of unburned fuel, improve the thermal efficiency of entire electricity generation system；
(4) using the lime-ash of cheap high-temperature heat-storage solid particle, lime-ash is in burner hearth after deposition slag, due to own wt
Burner hearth bottom is fallen within, convenient for collecting, the dustiness in smoke evacuation is thus reduced, reduces environmental pollution；
(5) flue gas first generated with combustion furnace fuel combustion before lime-ash is passed through burner hearth carries out heat exchange, realizes energy
Cascade utilization, improve the temperature in furnace.
(6) it is easy to implement personalized distributed heat chp system, meets the technique requirement of modernization.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of biomass combustion furnace of the present invention.
In figure: 1- burner hearth；2- fire grate；The cold ash cellar of 3-；4- heat exchanger；The hot ash cellar of 5-；6- water-cooling wall；7- feed bin；8- feeding
Machine；9- blower；10- deslagging bucket；The grey spray tube of 11- heat；12- force (forcing) pump；13- elevator；The grey spray nozzle of 14- heat；15- smoke evacuation
Pipeline；16- chimney.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention is further elaborated, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to institute
State content.
As shown in Figure 1, the biomass combustion furnace mainly includes burner hearth 1, fire grate 2, cold ash cellar 3, water-cooling wall 6, material
Storehouse 7, feeder 8, blower 9 and deslagging bucket 10；The fire grate 2 is set to 1 lower part of burner hearth, and deslagging bucket 10, row are arranged below burner hearth 2
10 lower part of slag bucket is arranged cold ash cellar 3, and water-cooling wall 4 is located at the top of burner hearth 1, the air supply tube of blower 9 from fire grate 2 and deslagging bucket 10 it
Between hearth wall put in burner hearth, feed bin 7 is connect by feeder 8 with the fire grate 2 inside burner hearth, and the biomass combustion furnace is also
It is used for the grey spray equipment of heat that the middle and upper part out of burner hearth sprays hot ash into burner hearth including one, the grey spray equipment of the heat mainly to wrap
Include hot grey spray tube 11, the grey spray nozzle 14 of heat, hot ash cellar 5, force (forcing) pump 12, elevator 13 and heat exchanger 4；The elevator 13
Lower end is connected by pipeline with cold ash cellar 3, and 13 upper end of elevator is connected with heat exchanger 4, and the top of heat exchanger 4 passes through pipeline and heat
Ash cellar 5 is connected, the grey spray nozzle 14 of one end installation heat of heat ash 11 pipes of spray, and protrudes into the middle and upper part of burner hearth 1, the other end
It is connect by force (forcing) pump 12 with hot ash cellar 5.The biomass combustion furnace top setting one smoke evacuation pipeline 15, discharge fume pipeline in
Flue gas and the cold ash being lifted into heat exchanger discharge or carry out subsequent processing from chimney 16 after being exchanged heat.
The course of work of the biomass combustion furnace are as follows: the fuel in feed bin 7 is sent into burner hearth 1 by feeder 8, and blower 9 will be empty
Gas is fed below fire grate 2, fuel and air when burning in the hearth, the slagging such as volatility ash and corrosion heating surface substance heat
Ash falls along burner hearth two sides and is discharged into deslagging bucket 10, and subsequently into storing in cold ash cellar 3, cold ash is first passed through by the promotion of elevator 13
4 heat-exchange working medium of heat exchanger carries out heat exchange and is then fed into hot ash cellar 5, is conveyed into heat by force (forcing) pump 12 into the heat ash in hot ash cellar
Grey spray tube 11, then out of hot the grey spray to burner hearth of spray nozzle 14, to complete the burn cycle of a high effect cleaning.
Embodiment 1:
It is tested as follows using high effect cleaning biomass combustion furnace as shown in Figure 1, the high-efficiency biomass burning furnace is every
Hour can produce 2 tons of steam.
Biomass fuel is stalk particle, and the heat-exchange working medium in water-cooling wall is water, the working condition of the biomass combustion furnace
As follows: rated capacity 2t/h, rated operating pressure 0.7Mpa, nominal steam temperature are 171 DEG C, and specified feed temperature is 20
DEG C, heating surface area 44.9m2, outer dimension is long * wide * high=5370mm*2500mm*3525mm, and boiler maximum package weight is
19t joined hot grey spray equipment on biomass combustion furnace top and spray hot ash into burner hearth.
The experimental results showed that the thermal efficiency of the biomass combustion furnace can achieve about 90% thermal efficiency.
5-10% or so can be improved in the thermal efficiency of high effect cleaning biomass combustion furnace of the invention, can achieve about
90% thermal efficiency.
Comparative example 1: using twin furnace biomass boiler disclosed in the Chinese patent application No. is CN201610606102.7
It is tested with heat pipe twin furnace biomass boiler, which can produce 2 tons of steam, biomass fuel per hour
Working condition for stalk particle, the biomass combustion furnace is as follows: rated capacity 2t/h, rated operating pressure 0.7Mpa,
Nominal steam temperature is 171 DEG C, and specified feed temperature is 20 DEG C, heating surface area 44.9m2, outer dimension be long * wide * high=
5370mm*2500mm*3525mm, boiler maximum package weight are 19t, not using the grey spray equipment of heat.Its thermal efficiency only has
70% or so.The above biomass boiler without using the grey spray equipment of heat is improved, the thermal efficiency also can be only achieved 75% or so.
By the above comparative analysis, overbased material and chlorinity during biomass combustion and form fouling of heating surface and slagging, increase
Big furnace heat transfer thermal resistance is the main reason for reducing the biomass boiler thermal efficiency, and dust stratification and etching problem are to hinder biomass thermal
The major obstacle that efficiency improves, however only improved on biomass combustion furnace structure, it cannot fundamentally improve biomass boiler
The problem of thermal efficiency, therefore the present invention fundamentally solves the problems, such as biomass boiler dust stratification and corrosion.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of biomass combustion furnace includes mainly burner hearth (1), fire grate (2), cold ash cellar (3), water-cooling wall (6), feed bin (7), send
Material machine (8), blower (9) and deslagging bucket (10)；The fire grate (2) is set to burner hearth (1) lower part, and deslagging bucket is arranged below burner hearth
(10), deslagging bucket (10) lower part is arranged cold ash cellar (3), and water-cooling wall (6) is located at the top of burner hearth (1), the air supply tube of blower (9) from
Hearth wall between fire grate (2) and deslagging bucket (10) is put in burner hearth (1), and feed bin (7) is internal by feeder (8) and burner hearth (1)
Fire grate (2) connection, which is characterized in that the biomass combustion furnace further include one for out of burner hearth middle and upper part to burner hearth
The grey spray equipment of heat of interior spray heat ash；The grey spray equipment of the heat mainly includes hot grey spray tube (11), heat ash spray spray
Head (14), hot ash cellar (5), elevator (13) and heat exchanger (4)；Elevator (13) lower end passes through pipeline and cold ash cellar (3)
It is connected, elevator (13) upper end is connected with heat exchanger (4), and the top of heat exchanger (4) is connected by pipeline with hot ash cellar (5), institute
The grey spray nozzle of one end installation heat of hot grey spray tube (11) is stated, and protrudes into the middle and upper part of burner hearth (1), the other end and hot ash cellar
(5) it connects.
2. biomass combustion furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the heat ash in hot ash cellar (5) is by a force (forcing) pump
(12) it delivers into hot grey spray tube (11).
3. biomass combustion furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that further include a smoke evacuation pipeline (15).
4. biomass combustion furnace according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the flue gas conduct in smoke evacuation pipeline (15)
The heat transferring medium of heat exchanger (4).
5. biomass combustion furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the working medium of the water-cooling wall (6) is water or has
Machine medium.
6. biomass combustion furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the feeder (8) be groove profile belt or
Partition plate belt.
7. biomass combustion furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the elevator is vertical bucket elevator,
The grey spray nozzle of the heat is one or more groups of.
8. biomass combustion furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the biomass combustion furnace is useless for agricultural
The burning of gurry biomass, the agriculture and forestry organic waste material are selected from stalk, sawdust, bagasse, rice chaff.
9. biomass combustion furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the high wind that the blower generates is by fire grate (2)
Centre is sent into, and weak wind is sent by fire grate (2) two sides.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810333711.9A CN108592012B (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2018-04-13 | A kind of biomass combustion furnace of high effect cleaning |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810333711.9A CN108592012B (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2018-04-13 | A kind of biomass combustion furnace of high effect cleaning |
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| CN108592012A CN108592012A (en) | 2018-09-28 |
| CN108592012B true CN108592012B (en) | 2019-10-22 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109237463A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-18 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of biomass combustion furnace using two phase flow high-efficient purification |
| CN109798514B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-06-26 | 云南农业大学 | Anti-slagging biomass combustion furnace ash spraying device and biomass combustion furnace |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN108592012A (en) | 2018-09-28 |
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