CN108588253B - 水稻OsGY1376T突变材料在培育直播高出苗率品种中的应用 - Google Patents
水稻OsGY1376T突变材料在培育直播高出苗率品种中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了水稻OsGY1376T突变材料在培育直播高出苗率品种中的应用。本发明通过对52个水稻品种的筛查发现，水稻品种卡萨拉斯等具有长中胚轴的特性，并获得与中胚轴长度相关的OsGY1基因SNP位点G376T和OsGY1376T基因，该SNP位点由G突变为T后的纯合子导致中胚轴和胚芽鞘伸长，且不影响水稻的其它农艺性状。本发明不仅对培育直播水稻品种及解决水稻插秧耗时、耗力的问题具有重要意义，也为水稻直播育种中提高水稻幼苗出土率提供了新的思路。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水稻OsGY1376T突变材料在培育直播高出苗率品种中的应用，属于水稻常规育种领域。
背景技术
水稻是我国最主要的粮食作物，在实际生产过程中，水稻的插秧耗费了大量的人力和时间，因此水稻直播栽培也渐渐受到重视。
水稻幼苗主要由根、中胚轴、胚芽鞘及真叶共同组成。其中，中胚轴和胚芽鞘由着生于二者之间的胚芽鞘节分开，其上有不定根着生。在不同的苗床湿度条件下，水稻中胚轴和胚芽鞘的长度各不相同。在最合适的湿度条件下，大部分籼稻品种具有更长的中胚轴和胚芽鞘，然而部分粳稻品种由于中胚轴的生长活力不强，其长度不会随环境湿度的不同而产生明显的变化。曾有研究表明，中胚轴的长度和植物成株的株高没有相关性。但由于水稻直播出苗率与水稻秧苗中胚轴及胚芽鞘的长度有极大的关联，因此，对水稻中胚轴及胚芽鞘伸长机制的研究有着极其重要的意义。
中胚轴是幼苗种子根与胚芽鞘节之间的一段组织，也是水稻幼苗出现的第一个节间。其生长过程由细胞的伸长以及细胞分裂而引起的细胞数目增加共同调控。研究表明，乙烯、脱落酸以及赤霉素等激素均对水稻中胚轴的长度有不同程度的影响。中胚轴的伸长能促进水稻幼苗出土，而其分子机制尚不清楚。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种鉴定或辅助鉴定水稻的中胚轴长度和/或胚芽鞘长度和/或直播出苗率的方法。
本发明提供的鉴定或辅助鉴定水稻的中胚轴长度和/或胚芽鞘长度和/或直播出苗率的方法是检测待测水稻的OsGY1基因的第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸是T还是G还是T和G，以确定待测水稻的OsGY1第376位基因型是TT基因型还是GG基因型还是GT基因型，根据待测水稻的基因型确定待测水稻的中胚轴长度或胚芽鞘长度或直播出苗率：TT基因型的待测水稻的中胚轴长度或胚芽鞘长度或直播出苗率大于GG基因型或/和GT基因型的待测水稻；
所述TT基因型为OsGY1基因的第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸均为T的纯合体；
所述GG基因型为OsGY1基因的第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸均为G的纯合体；
所述GT基因型为OsGY1基因的第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸为G和T的杂合体；
所述OsGY1基因序列如序列表中序列3所示。
上述方法中，所述检测待测水稻的OsGY1基因的第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸是T还是G还是T和G的方法为直接测序。
本发明的第二个目的是提供上述方法的新用途。
本发明提供了上述方法在水稻育种中的应用。
本发明还提供了上述方法在培育长中胚轴水稻品种和/或长胚芽鞘水稻品种和/或直播高出苗率水稻品种中的应用。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种培育长中胚轴水稻品种和/或培育长胚芽鞘水稻品种和/或培育直播高出苗率水稻品种的方法。
本发明提供的培育长中胚轴水稻品种和/或培育长胚芽鞘水稻品种和/或培育直播高出苗率水稻品种的方法是选择TT基因型的水稻品种进行育种；
所述TT基因型为OsGY1基因的第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸均为T的纯合体。
上述方法中，所述长中胚轴水稻品种和/或长胚芽鞘水稻品种和/或直播高出苗率水稻品种是指以上述TT基因型的水稻品种和上述GG基因型的底盘水稻品种为亲本进行杂交，获得的TT基因型的杂交后代，所述TT基因型的杂交后代的中胚轴长于底盘水稻品种和/或胚芽鞘长于底盘水稻品种和/或直播出苗率高于底盘水稻品种。
本发明的第四个目的是提供一种蛋白质。
本发明提供的蛋白质是如下a)或b)的蛋白质：
a)氨基酸序列是序列2所示的蛋白质；
b)在序列2所示的蛋白质的N端和/或C端连接标签得到的融合蛋白质。
本发明的第五个目的是提供编码上述蛋白质的核酸分子。
本发明提供的编码上述蛋白质的核酸分子如序列1所示的cDNA分子或DNA分子。
本发明的第六个目的是提供上述蛋白质或上述核酸分子的新用途。
本发明提供了上述蛋白质或上述材料在如下a1)-a4)中任一种中的应用：
a1)调控植物中胚轴长度；
a2)调控植物胚芽鞘长度；
a3)调控植物直播出苗率；
a4)促进植物幼苗出土。
本发明的第七个目的是提供含有上述核酸分子的水稻品种的新用途。
本发明提供了含有上述核酸分子的水稻品种在水稻育种中的应用。
本发明还提供了含有上述核酸分子的水稻品种在培育长中胚轴水稻品种和/或培育长胚芽鞘水稻品种和/或培育直播高出苗率水稻品种中的应用。
本发明的最后一个目的是提供一种培育长中胚轴水稻品种和/或培育长胚芽鞘水稻品种和/或培育直播高出苗率水稻品种的方法。
本发明提供的培育长中胚轴水稻品种和/或长胚芽鞘水稻品种和/或直播高出苗率水稻品种的方法是选择含有上述核酸分子的水稻品种进行育种。
本发明首先发现了一株具有长中胚轴和胚芽鞘的水稻突变体gy1，通过图位克隆技术，克隆了该突变体相应的突变基因OsGY1；然后通过对52个品种的筛查发现，水稻品种卡萨拉斯也有长中胚轴的特性，获得与中胚轴长度相关的OsGY1基因SNP位点G376T(OsGY1基因第376位核苷酸)和OsGY1376T基因，并发现OsGY1基因SNP位点G376T由G突变为T后导致中胚轴和胚芽鞘伸长，种子容易出土，并且不影响水稻的其它农艺性状；最后通过检测52份TT基因型水稻材料的中胚轴表型，进一步证明了水稻品种的OsGY1基因SNP位点G376T与其中胚轴表型具有相关性，并建立了鉴定水稻品种中胚轴或胚芽鞘长度的方法。本发明不仅对培育直播水稻品种及解决水稻插秧耗时、耗力的问题具有重要意义，也为水稻直播育种中提高水稻幼苗出土率提供了新的思路。
附图说明
图1为水稻OsGY1突变体胚芽鞘和中胚轴水培的表型分析。
图2为gy1突变体出土率及苗长的表型。
图3为gy1突变体出土率及苗长的统计。
图4为水稻OsGY1突变体胚芽鞘和中胚轴在蛭石中的表型分析。
图5为突变体gy1和卡萨拉斯(Kasalath)的中胚轴和胚芽鞘长度比较。
图6为卡萨拉斯OsGY1基因和编码蛋白的突变位点。
图7为OsGY1(OsGY1376G)和OsGY1376T基因型水稻苗中胚轴长度比较。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
下述实施例中的水稻品种日本晴(O.Sativa L.spp.japonica，var nipponbare，AA genome，Nip)是一水稻品种，属粳亚种。记载于文献“傅秀林等,水稻品种日本晴,农业科技通讯,1973,2,11-15”，由中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所朱立煌研究员提供。
下述实施例中的水稻品种卡萨拉丝(Oryza sativa L.Kasalath，Kas)为印度培育的籼型常规水稻。记载于文献“Madoka Y,Kashiwagi T,Hirotsu N,Ishimaru K，Indianrice“Kasalath”contains genes that improve traits of Japanese premium rice"Koshihikari"，Theor Appl Genet.，2008，116(5):603-12”，公众可从申请人处获得，该生物材料只为重复本发明的相关实验所用，不可作为其它用途使用。
下述实施例所用的51个水稻品种均在3K水稻SNP与InDel子数据库(数据库网址为：https://www.rmbreeding.cn/snp3K.)中公开过，公众经中国农科院作物科学研究所黎志康研究员同意，可从申请人处获得，该生物材料只为重复本发明的相关实验所用，不可作为其它用途使用。
实施例1、gy1突变体的获得及其表型分析与突变基因序列鉴定
一、gy1突变体的发现及其表型分析
1、gy1突变体的发现
本发明在筛选水稻乙烯反应缺陷突变体的过程中，发现一个来源于日本晴的突变体黄化苗，其胚芽鞘长于其对照日本晴(Oryza sativa L.cv.Nipponbare,Nip)，并且具有水培条件下日本晴黄化苗难以观察到的中胚轴结构，该突变体命名为gy1。
2、水培条件下胚芽鞘和中胚轴长度检测
在水培条件下，gy1的胚芽鞘和中胚轴均显著长于对照日本晴(Nip)。gy1胚芽鞘长度约为21毫米，对照日本晴约为13毫米，日本晴难以检测到中胚轴，gy1的中胚轴约为2.4毫米(图1)。
3、土培条件下胚芽鞘和中胚轴长度检测
为了确定gy1突变体的长中胚轴和长胚芽鞘表型的可能实际意义，在土培条件下对gy1突变体的表型进一步分析。具体步骤如下：
(1)选取饱满的日本晴和gy1突变体的种子并萌芽，将其种在花盆中并盖上2cm深的土(花卉营养土：蛭石＝1：1)，在28℃、14h光/10h暗的条件下培养3天后，接近50％的gy1突变体幼苗出土，而日本晴幼苗只有几株出土(图2)。
(2)将日本晴和gy1突变体幼苗挖出，分别对其中胚轴和胚芽鞘的长度进行测量和统计。
结果表明：gy1突变体和日本晴的胚芽鞘长度分别约为13.3和15.7毫米，gy1突变体明显短于对照日本晴；gy1突变体和日本晴的中胚轴长度分别约为6.7和2.2毫米，gy1突变体显著长于日本晴。而gy1突变体和日本晴的胚芽鞘与中胚轴长度之和分别约为20.0和17.9毫米，gy1突变体显著长于日本晴。
因此在土培条件下，gy1突变体的幼苗具有比日本晴更长的中胚轴，导致gy1突变体幼苗比日本晴更快出土的主要原因是中胚轴的大幅度伸长(图4)。
(3)为了进一步证明gy1突变体确实比日本晴具有更高的出土率，重复该实验，并将培养时间延长。在此过程中，每天统计出土率，并在所有植株出土后开始测量日本晴及gy1突变体的幼苗的高度。
结果表明，gy1突变体不仅出土率高于日本晴，而且在整个测量期间gy1突变体的幼苗始终高于日本晴(图2和图3)。
综合以上结果，在土培条件下，gy1突变体因其长中胚轴的表型，使其具有比对照日本晴更高的出土率，以及幼苗期间更大的生长优势，这对于提高水稻幼苗存活率及幼苗的形态建成有着极其重要的意义。
二、gy1突变体的突变基因序列鉴定
1、gy1突变体的显隐性分析
以gy1突变体作为母本、日本晴作为父本，将gy1突变体与日本晴进行杂交。F1代黄化苗为日本晴表型，表明gy1突变体为隐性突变体。F1代自交得到F2代，对F2代黄化苗表型分析发现日本晴表型和gy1突变体表型的分离比为3：1，且符合χ2检验(表1)。以上结果表明，gy1突变体是由单基因控制的隐性突变体。
表1 gy1突变体表型的显隐性分析
+:为gy1突变体表型；-:为日本晴表型；critical value(0.05,1)＝3.84。
2、gy1突变体突变基因的鉴定
通过图位克隆方法，克隆了gy1突变体的突变位点为位于LOC_Os01g67430的基因，编码一个脂酶，命名为OsGY1基因，其编码蛋白为OsGY1蛋白。gy1突变体中该座位(OsGY1)发生了单个碱基的变化，OsGY1基因第518位由G突变为A(G518A)，导致其编码蛋白质OsGY1第173位单个氨基酸发生改变，由精氨酸突变为谷氨酰胺(R173Q)。和野生型日本晴基因组序列相比，gy1突变体仅将野生型日本晴的OsGY1基因第518位由G突变为A，其他序列与野生型日本晴基因组全部相同。
实施例2、OsGY1基因SNP位点G376T及OsGY1376T基因的获得
通过对52个品种的筛查发现，水稻品种卡萨拉斯也有长中胚轴的特性。通过对水稻品种卡萨拉斯和gy1突变体的胚芽鞘和中胚轴长度进行检测发现：gy1突变体和卡萨拉斯胚芽鞘长度分别约为1.6和6.0毫米，中胚轴长度分别为19.5和24.0毫米(图5)。水稻品种卡萨拉斯(Kas)的胚芽鞘和中胚轴均长于gy1突变体。
对卡萨拉斯OsGY1基因进一步测序表明：卡萨拉斯OsGY1基因第376位核苷酸由G突变为T，导致其编码的OsGY1蛋白的第126位氨基酸由甘氨酸突变为半胱氨酸(R126C)(图6)，将该位点(OsGY1基因第376位核苷酸)命名为G376T。突变后的OsGY1基因序列如序列1所示，将序列1所示的基因命名为OsGY1376T基因，OsGY1376T基因编码的蛋白的氨基酸序列如序列2所示，将序列2所示的氨基酸序列命名为OsGY1376T蛋白。并将OsGY1基因第376位核苷酸均为T的个体的基因型命名为纯合TT基因型，将OsGY1基因第376位核苷酸均为G的个体的基因型命名为纯合GG基因型；将OsGY1基因第376位核苷酸为G和T的个体的基因型命名为杂合GT基因型。
实施例3、OsGY1基因SNP位点G376T与水稻中胚轴长度的相关性分析
一、OsGY1基因型检测
卡萨拉斯中OsGY1基因第376位核苷酸由G突变为T后，其胚芽鞘和中胚轴长度伸长，为了验证OsGY1基因SNP位点G376T与水稻胚芽鞘和中胚轴长度是否具有相关性。对具有多样性代表的3000份水稻资源的公共重测序数据中OsGY1基因SNP位点G376T进行元分析，得到各个水稻资源的基因型(TT基因型、GG基因型还是GT基因型)。
通过与野生型水稻日本晴的OsGY1基因序列相比，发现3000份水稻资源中共有141份来自于不同国家和地区、属于不同水稻亚组的水稻资源(包括卡萨拉斯(Kasalath，Kas))均为TT基因型，即OsGY1基因第376位核苷酸均由G突变为T。
二、OsGY1基因SNP位点G376T的基因型与中胚轴表型相关性分析
在上述结果的基础上，进一步对属于不同水稻亚组的52个水稻品种在种子发芽3天时检测中胚轴和胚芽鞘长度。
结果如图7和表2所示。52个水稻品种中44个水稻品种的基因型为TT基因型，8个水稻品种的基因型为GG基因型，且TT基因型的水稻品种的中胚轴长度均高于GG基因型的水稻品种，均表现长中胚轴表型，其长度为0.77至14毫米，其中，卡萨拉斯(Kas)苗的中胚轴和胚芽鞘相对比较长，中胚轴和胚芽鞘之和约为30毫米。8个GG基因型的水稻品种没能测量出水稻苗中胚轴长度，也即其中胚轴长度为0，均为短中胚轴表型。总体上，TT基因型的水稻品种的胚芽鞘长度高于GG基因型的水稻品种。
表2水稻52个品种的表型统计
表2水稻52个品种的表型统计(续)
Data are means±SD(n≥30)
上述结果说明：OsGY1基因SNP位点G376T的TT基因型与其中胚轴表型具有相关性。可以按照如下方法鉴定或辅助鉴定水稻的中胚轴长度或胚芽鞘长度或直播出苗率：
检测待测水稻的OsGY1基因的第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸是T还是G还是G和T，以确定待测水稻的基因型是TT基因型还是GG基因型还是GT基因型，根据待测水稻的基因型确定待测水稻的中胚轴长度或胚芽鞘长度或直播出苗率：TT基因型的待测水稻的中胚轴长度或胚芽鞘长度或直播出苗率大于GG基因型或GT基因型的待测水稻；
TT基因型为OsGY1基因的第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸均为T的纯合体；
GG基因型为OsGY1基因的第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸均为G的纯合体；
GT基因型为OsGY1基因的第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸为G和T的杂合体；
OsGY1基因序列如序列表中序列3所示。
综上所述，卡萨拉斯中OsGY1基因SNP位点G376T由G突变为T，OsGY1基因突变为OsGY1376T后，其中胚轴变长，从而导致其直播出苗率提高。因此，上述实施例中的OsGY1基因第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸由G突变为T的水稻品种，即含有OsGY1376T基因的水稻品种均可作为以提高水稻直播出苗率为目的育种亲本/底盘品种材料。同时鉴于卡萨拉斯具有根长耐旱等优点，因此以卡萨拉斯为亲本的育种不仅其中胚轴伸长且还可获得耐旱性高的材料。
序列表
<110>中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所
<120>水稻OsGY1376T突变材料在培育直播高出苗率品种中的应用
<160>2
<210>1
<211>1308bp
<212>DNA
<213>水稻（Oryza sativa var.）
<400>1
atgacgctcc cgaggcaatg cgcggcggcg tgtaggacag gcggcggcgg cggcggcgtg 60
gtgcggtgca gggcggtggc ggcggcgggt ggggcggtgg cggtgaggga tgcggtggtg 120
gcgccggtgg cgaggcgagg ggcggcgagg aagacggcgg agacggtggc ggggatgtgg 180
agggaggtgc aggggtgcgg ggattgggag gggatgctgg agccggcgcc gcacccggtg 240
ctgagggggg aggtggcgcg gtacggcgag ctggtgggcg cgtgctacaa ggcgttcgac 300
ctggacccgg cgtcgcggag gtacctcaac tgcaagtacg ggagggagag gatgctggag 360
gaggtcggga tgggctgcgc cgggtacgag gtcacccgct acatctacgc ggcggcggac 420
gtcagcgtgc cgaccatgga gccgtcgacg agcgggcgcg ggcggtggat cgggtacgtc 480
gcggtgtcca ccgacgagat gtcgcggcgg ctcgggcggc gcgacgtgct cgtctcgttc 540
cggggcacgg tcacccccgc cgagtggatg gccaacctca tgagctcgct ggaggcggcg 600
cggctcgacc cgtgcgaccc gcgccccgac gtcaaggtgg agtccgggtt cctcagcctc 660
tacacctccg ccgacaagac gtgccgcttc ggcggcgccg ggagctgccg ggagcagctc 720
ctccgcgagg tgtcccgcct cgtcgccgcc tactccggcg gcggcgagga cgtcagcgtc 780
acgctcgccg gccacagcat gggcagcgcg ctggcgctcc tctccgccta cgacctcgcc 840
gagctcggcc tcaaccgcgc cgccccggtc accgtcttct ccttcggcgg gccgagggtg 900
gggaacgcgg cgttcaaggc gcgctgcgac gagctcggcg tcaaggcgct ccgcgtcacc 960
aacgtacacg acccgatcac caagctcccc ggcgtcttcc tcaacgaggc caccgccggc 1020
gtgctccgcc cgtggcgcca ctcctgctac acccacgtcg gcgtcgagct ccccctcgac 1080
ttcttcaagg tcggcgacct cgcctccgtc cacgacctcg ccacctacat ctccctcctc 1140
cgtggcgccg acaagaagca gcccgccgcc gccgccgccg acgccggcgg cgtgctcgcc 1200
aaggtgatgg acttcgtggg tcggcggcgc ggcggcggcg cattgccgtg gcacgacgcg 1260
gcgatgatac agatgggcgg cttggtgcag acgctcgggc taatctga 1308
<210>2
<211>435
<212>PRT
<213>水稻（Oryza sativa var.）
<400>2
Met Thr Leu Pro Arg Gln Cys Ala Ala Ala Cys Arg Thr Gly Gly Gly
1 5 10 15
Gly Gly Gly Val Val Arg Cys Arg Ala Val Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala
20 25 30
Val Ala Val Arg Asp Ala Val Val Ala Pro Val Ala Arg Arg Gly Ala
35 40 45
Ala Arg Lys Thr Ala Glu Thr Val Ala Gly Met Trp Arg Glu Val Gln
50 55 60
Gly Cys Gly Asp Trp Glu Gly Met Leu Glu Pro Ala Pro His Pro Val
65 70 75 80
Leu Arg Gly Glu Val Ala Arg Tyr Gly Glu Leu Val Gly Ala Cys Tyr
85 90 95
Lys Ala Phe Asp Leu Asp Pro Ala Ser Arg Arg Tyr Leu Asn Cys Lys
100 105 110
Tyr Gly Arg Glu Arg Met Leu Glu Glu Val Gly Met Gly Cys Ala Gly
115 120 125
Tyr Glu Val Thr Arg Tyr Ile Tyr Ala Ala Ala Asp Val Ser Val Pro
130 135 140
Thr Met Glu Pro Ser Thr Ser Gly Arg Gly Arg Trp Ile Gly Tyr Val
145 150 155 160
Ala Val Ser Thr Asp Glu Met Ser Arg Arg Leu Gly Arg Arg Asp Val
165 170 175
Leu Val Ser Phe Arg Gly Thr Val Thr Pro Ala Glu Trp Met Ala Asn
180 185 190
Leu Met Ser Ser Leu Glu Ala Ala Arg Leu Asp Pro Cys Asp Pro Arg
195 200 205
Pro Asp Val Lys Val Glu Ser Gly Phe Leu Ser Leu Tyr Thr Ser Ala
210 215 220
Asp Lys Thr Cys Arg Phe Gly Gly Ala Gly Ser Cys Arg Glu Gln Leu
225 230 235 240
Leu Arg Glu Val Ser Arg Leu Val Ala Ala Tyr Ser Gly Gly Gly Glu
245 250 255
Asp Val Ser Val Thr Leu Ala Gly His Ser Met Gly Ser Ala Leu Ala
260 265 270
Leu Leu Ser Ala Tyr Asp Leu Ala Glu Leu Gly Leu Asn Arg Ala Ala
275 280 285
Pro Val Thr Val Phe Ser Phe Gly Gly Pro Arg Val Gly Asn Ala Ala
290 295 300
Phe Lys Ala Arg Cys Asp Glu Leu Gly Val Lys Ala Leu Arg Val Thr
305 310 315 320
Asn Val His Asp Pro Ile Thr Lys Leu Pro Gly Val Phe Leu Asn Glu
325 330 335
Ala Thr Ala Gly Val Leu Arg Pro Trp Arg His Ser Cys Tyr Thr His
340 345 350
Val Gly Val Glu Leu Pro Leu Asp Phe Phe Lys Val Gly Asp Leu Ala
355 360 365
Ser Val His Asp Leu Ala Thr Tyr Ile Ser Leu Leu Arg Gly Ala Asp
370 375 380
Lys Lys Gln Pro Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Asp Ala Gly Gly Val Leu Ala
385 390 395 400
Lys Val Met Asp Phe Val Gly Arg Arg Arg Gly Gly Gly Ala Leu Pro
405 410 415
Trp His Asp Ala Ala Met Ile Gln Met Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Thr Leu
420 425 430
Gly Leu Ile
435
Claims (5)
1.一种鉴定或辅助鉴定水稻的中胚轴长度的方法：是检测待测水稻的OsGY1基因的第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸是T还是G还是T和G，以确定待测水稻的基因型是TT基因型还是GG基因型还是GT基因型，根据待测水稻的基因型确定待测水稻的中胚轴长度：TT基因型的待测水稻的中胚轴长度大于GG基因型或/和GT基因型的待测水稻；
所述TT基因型为OsGY1基因的第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸均为T的纯合体；
所述GG基因型为OsGY1基因的第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸均为G的纯合体；
所述GT基因型为OsGY1基因的第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸为G和T的杂合体；
所述OsGY1基因序列如序列表中序列1所示。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述检测待测水稻的OsGY1基因的第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸是T还是G还是T和G的方法为直接测序。
3.权利要求1或2所述的方法在水稻育种中的应用。
4.权利要求1或2所述的方法在培育长中胚轴水稻品种中的应用。
5.一种培育长中胚轴水稻品种的方法，是选择TT基因型的水稻品种进行育种；
所述TT基因型为OsGY1基因的第376位脱氧核糖核苷酸均为T的纯合体。
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