CN108584954B - Device for co-producing electricity and heat for preparing activated carbon and process method thereof - Google Patents
Device for co-producing electricity and heat for preparing activated carbon and process method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/39—Apparatus for the preparation thereof
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
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- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for preparing activated carbon to jointly produce electricity and heat, which comprises a pyrolysis-activation integrated device, a waste heat boiler, a gas fan, a gas boiler, an economizer, an air preheater, a flue gas emission fan, a steam turbine and a generator, wherein the pyrolysis-activation integrated device is connected with the waste heat boiler; the process method for preparing the activated carbon by using the activated carbon co-production of electricity and heat comprises the following steps: 1) pyrolysis activation of raw materials; 2) co-producing electricity and heat; 3) preparing the activated carbon. The advantages are that: 1) the pyrolysis-activation integrated device has the advantages that the raw materials are not in direct contact with air, the activated carbon with high specific surface area and high yield is prepared by a one-step physical method, the loss on ignition is low, and the yield is high and can reach 20-25%. 2) A plurality of high temperature resistant main reactors are arranged, the contact of the activating agent is sufficient, the heat transfer effect is good, the quality of the activated carbon is high, and the specific surface area is 1300-2(ii) in terms of/g. 3) The high-quality active carbon is produced while power generation or heat supply is carried out, the product is diversified, and the economic benefit and the environmental benefit are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a process method for preparing high-yield and high-specific-surface-area activated carbon to jointly generate electricity and heat, belonging to the crossed field of activated carbon production and new energy.
Background
The activated carbon is a carbonaceous adsorption material with a highly developed void structure and a very large specific surface area, has the characteristics of good chemical stability, high mechanical strength, easy regeneration after use failure and the like, can be suitable for adsorbents with heterogeneous molecular diameters, and can be used in a wider pH value range compared with other adsorbents.
The raw materials for preparing activated carbon are very abundant, and in principle all carbonaceous materials can be used for preparing activated carbon. But the different materials of the active carbon have different physical and chemical properties and have great performance difference.
At present, the method for preparing the activated carbon mainly comprises a physical method and a chemical method, wherein the chemical method commonly uses a zinc chloride activation method and a phosphoric acid activation method at present, generally 0.3-0.5 ton of chemical activating agent and 0.5-1.0 ton of industrial hydrochloric acid are needed for producing one ton of finished chemical carbon, and a large amount of acidic waste gas and waste water are generated in the production due to high-temperature activation and acid and water post-treatment, so that the pollution to the ecological environment is serious. Some manufacturers do not work on environmental pollution treatment, but have not been treated fundamentally because of expenses, technology, equipment and the like. The physical method is that the raw material is firstly carbonized, the carbonized material after carbonization is sent into a roller activation furnace to be activated by taking steam as an activating agent (in order to supplement activation heat, air and combustible gas are directly combusted in the roller activation furnace, and the combustion process is directly contacted with carbon), and finally the active carbon is obtained, so that the quality is low, the burning loss is large, the yield is low, the energy can not be fully utilized, 7 tons of raw material are needed for 1 ton of active carbon by adopting the physical activation method, and the relative economic benefit is also low. Therefore, it is urgently needed to find a production process with good environmental benefit and economic benefit to replace the traditional process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a process method for preparing high-yield and high-specific surface area activated carbon to jointly generate electricity and heat, which aims to solve the problems of low yield, high cost, insufficient utilization of energy, poor adsorption index of an activated carbon finished product and the like in the production process of preparing the activated carbon in the prior art, solve the problems of low yield, high cost, low product performance and the like in the traditional production process, realize the simultaneous generation or heat supply of the high-quality activated carbon and obviously improve the economic benefit and the environmental benefit.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the device for preparing the activated carbon coproduction electricity and heat comprises a pyrolysis-activation integrated device 3, a waste heat boiler 2, a gas fan 4, a gas boiler 5, an economizer 6, an air preheater 7, a flue gas emission fan 8, a steam turbine 10 and a generator 11; wherein, the inlet of the waste heat boiler 2 is connected with the smoke outlet 35 in the pyrolysis-activation integrated device, the steam outlet of the waste heat boiler 2 is connected with the steam inlet of the middle shaft 334 in the pyrolysis-activation integrated device, the inlet of the gas fan 4 is connected with the gas outlet 36 at the tail end of the pyrolysis-activation integrated device, the outlet of the gas fan 4 is respectively connected with the inlet A of the gas boiler 5 and the hot gas inlet 394 of the pyrolysis-activation integrated device, the outlet A of the gas boiler 5 is connected with the inlet of the steam turbine 10, the outlet B of the gas boiler 5 is connected with the inlet A of the economizer 6, the outlet A of the economizer 6 is connected with the inlet B of the gas boiler 5, the outlet B of the economizer 6 is connected with the inlet A of the air preheater 7, the outlet A of the air preheater 7 is connected with the smoke discharge fan 8, and the outlet B of the air preheater 7 is respectively connected with the inlet C of the gas boiler 5 and the hot gas inlet of the pyrolysis-activation Air inlet 392 is connected, and the outlet a of steam turbine 10 is connected to generator 11, the outlet B is connected to the inlet B of economizer 6, and the outlet C is connected to combustion chamber 39.
The process method for preparing the activated carbon by using the activated carbon co-production of electricity and heat comprises the following steps:
1) pyrolysis activation of raw materials;
2) co-producing electricity and heat;
3) preparing the activated carbon.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the pyrolysis-activation integrated device is adopted, the raw materials are not in direct contact with the air, the activated carbon is prepared by a one-step physical method, the ignition loss is low, and the yield is high and can reach 20-25%.
2) A plurality of high temperature resistant main reactors are arranged, which are equivalent to a plurality of small pyrolysis-activation devices, the activator is fully contacted, the heat transfer effect is achieved, the quality of the activated carbon is high, and the specific surface area is 1300-1500m2/g。
3) The waste heat is utilized in a centralized manner in the production process, the simultaneous power generation or heat supply of the high-quality activated carbon is realized, three products of activated carbon, electricity and heat are obtained, the products are diversified, and the economic benefit and the environmental benefit are obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for co-producing electricity and heat by preparing activated carbon with high yield and high specific surface area.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the pyrolysis-activation integrated apparatus in a front view and a sectional structure.
In the figure, 1 is a feeder, 2 is a waste heat boiler, 3 is a pyrolysis-activation integrated apparatus, 4 is a gas blower, 5 is a gas boiler, 6 is an economizer, 7 is an air preheater, 8 is a flue gas exhaust fan, 10 is a steam turbine, 11 is a generator, and 12 is a screw cooler.
31 is a feed inlet, 32 is a left end face, 33 is a high-temperature resistant main reactor, 34 is a guide plate, 35 is a flue gas outlet, 36 is a hot gas outlet, 37 is a steam inlet, 38 is an activated carbon outlet, 39 is a combustion chamber, and 40 is a combustible gas and activated carbon outlet chamber.
331 is a variable frequency speed reducing motor, 332 is a front sealing connecting flange, 333 is a rear sealing connecting flange, 334 is an intermediate shaft, 335 is a steam hole, 336 and 337 are sector clapboards.
391 is a natural gas inlet, 392 is a hot air inlet, 393 is an ignition port, 394 is a hot gas inlet, 395 is an inspection port.
Detailed Description
The device for preparing the activated carbon coproduction electricity and heat comprises a pyrolysis-activation integrated device 3, a waste heat boiler 2, a gas fan 4, a gas boiler 5, an economizer 6, an air preheater 7, a flue gas emission fan 8, a steam turbine 10 and a generator 11; wherein, the inlet of the waste heat boiler 2 is connected with the smoke outlet 35 in the pyrolysis-activation integrated device, the outlet of the waste heat boiler 2 is connected with the steam inlet of the middle shaft 334 in the pyrolysis-activation integrated device, the inlet of the gas fan 4 is connected with the gas outlet 36 at the tail end of the pyrolysis-activation integrated device, the outlet of the gas fan 4 is respectively connected with the inlet A of the gas boiler 5 and the hot gas inlet 394 of the pyrolysis-activation integrated device, the outlet A of the gas boiler 5 is connected with the inlet of the steam turbine 10, the outlet B of the gas boiler 5 is connected with the inlet A of the economizer 6, the outlet A of the economizer 6 is connected with the inlet B of the gas boiler 5, the outlet B of the economizer 6 is connected with the inlet A of the air preheater 7, the outlet A of the air preheater 7 is connected with the smoke discharge fan 8, and the outlet B of the air preheater 7 is respectively connected with the inlet C of the boiler 5 and the hot air of the pyrolysis-activation integrated device Inlet 392 is connected, the outlet a of steam turbine 10 is connected to generator 11, the outlet B is connected to the inlet B of economizer 6, and the outlet C is connected to combustion chamber 39.
The pyrolysis-activation integrated device 3 comprises a horizontal cylindrical furnace body with refractory bricks, a combustion chamber 39 at the lower right part of the horizontal cylindrical furnace body and a high-temperature-resistant main reactor in the middle of the furnace body, wherein a plurality of high-temperature-resistant main reactors 33 are installed in the horizontal cylindrical furnace body, the left end of each high-temperature-resistant main reactor 33 is connected with the left end face of the horizontal cylindrical furnace body through a sealing flange 332, the right end of each high-temperature-resistant main reactor 33 is connected with the right end face of the horizontal cylindrical furnace body through a rear sealing flange 333, a plurality of guide plates 34 are arranged in the furnace body and used for enhancing heat exchange between flue gas and the high-temperature-resistant main reactors 33, a flue gas outlet 35 is formed in the upper left part of the.
The high-temperature-resistant main reactor is provided with a feed inlet 31, a carbonization part and an activation part of a middle shaft of the high-temperature-resistant main reactor 33 are provided with a plurality of fan-shaped partition plates, the fan-shaped partition plates are vertically welded on the middle shaft in a staggered mode, steam holes with the diameter of 2-5mm are formed in the middle shaft between every two adjacent partition plates, 3-5 steam holes are axially formed in each steam hole, 4 rows are radially arranged in each steam hole in a circle, and the steam holes are used for uniformly inputting steam for activation.
The combustion chamber 39 is provided with a natural gas inlet 391 for starting up, a hot air inlet 392 for air distribution and combustion, an ignition port 393, a hot gas inlet 394 and a fire observation port 395, wherein the hot air inlet 392 and the natural gas inlet 391 are positioned at the left side of the combustion chamber 6, the fire observation port 395 is positioned at the bottom of the combustion chamber 39, and the ignition port 393 and the hot gas inlet 394 are positioned at the right side of the combustion chamber 39.
The hot air obtained by the air preheater 7 is used as hot gas for boiler combustion and air distribution for combustion in the combustion chamber, so that the heat utilization efficiency is improved.
The process method for preparing the active carbon cogeneration and heat by using the device for preparing the active carbon cogeneration and heat comprises the following steps:
1) pyrolysis activation of raw materials: the raw materials are sent into a pyrolysis-activation integrated device, firstly pass through a pyrolysis zone, carry out pyrolysis reaction at the temperature of 500-600 ℃, and then pass through an activation zone, and are activated under the action of water vapor at the temperature of 900-950 ℃;
2) co-generation of electricity and heat: 60-80% of high-temperature combustible gas generated in the pyrolysis-activation process enters a gas boiler 5 through a gas fan 4 to be combusted, medium-temperature and medium-pressure steam is generated to push a steam turbine 10 to generate electricity, and waste heat discharged by the steam turbine is used for heating;
3) preparing activated carbon: 20-40% of hot gas is indirectly used as heat required by pyrolysis activation after being combusted through a combustion chamber 6 at the lower part of the pyrolysis-activation integrated device, hot flue gas after combustion is supplied to the waste heat boiler 2 to generate steam, and the steam is introduced into an activation region from an intermediate shaft at the tail part of a screw in the pyrolysis-activation integrated device to activate the pyrolysis carbon, so that high-quality finished active carbon is finally obtained.
The raw materials are one or more of fruit shells, wood particles and coal particles.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings
As shown in the attached figure 1, the shell, wood particles and coal particles are used as raw materials, a pyrolysis-activation integrated device is utilized to pyrolyze and activate to obtain hot gas as boiler fuel, steam generated by a boiler pushes a steam turbine to generate electricity and simultaneously obtain heat, part of the combustible gas is combusted to supply the heat and the steam required by pyrolysis-activation, and finally the high-specific-surface-area active carbon is prepared and comprises the pyrolysis-activation integrated device, a waste heat boiler, a gas fan, a boiler, an economizer, an air preheater, a flue gas emission fan, a steam turbine, a generator and the like.
As shown in attached figure 2, the pyrolysis-activation integrated device is structurally composed of three main parts, namely a horizontal cylindrical furnace body with refractory bricks, a combustion chamber at the right lower part of the furnace body and a high-temperature-resistant main reactor in the middle of the furnace body, wherein a plurality of high-temperature-resistant main reactors (different numbers of main reactors are arranged according to different yields) are arranged in the furnace body, one end of each reactor is connected with one end face of the furnace body, the other end of each reactor is connected with the other end face of the furnace body, a feed inlet is arranged at one end of each reactor, a flue gas outlet is arranged at the left upper part of the furnace body, an activated carbon outlet is arranged at the right lower part of the furnace body, a hot gas outlet is arranged at the right upper part of the furnace body, and a steam hole (the diameter is 2-.
The raw materials enter a feeder 1, the feeder 1 is connected with a feed inlet 31, the feed inlet 31 is connected with a pyrolysis-activation pipe 33, the left end of the pyrolysis-activation pipe 33 is connected with the left end face of a pyrolysis pipe 32 by adopting a 332 sealing flange, the right end of the pyrolysis-activation pipe is connected with the right end face by adopting a 333 rear sealing flange, a hollow 335 is arranged at the activation area part of a middle shaft (a steam inlet pipe) of the pyrolysis-activation pipe 33 for spraying an activating agent, a plurality of guide plates 34 are arranged in the middle pyrolysis-activation cavity for enhancing the heat exchange of the flue gas and the pyrolysis-activation pipe 33, a flue gas outlet 35 is arranged at the upper left of the middle pyrolysis-activation cavity, the flue gas outlet 35 is connected with a waste heat boiler 2, a steam outlet on the waste heat boiler is connected with a steam inlet 37, a fuel gas outlet 36 is arranged at the upper right end of the middle, one end is connected with a gas boiler 5, a steam outlet of the gas boiler 5 is connected with a steam turbine 10, the steam turbine 10 is connected with a generator 11, the other end is connected with a combustion chamber 39, the combustion chamber 39 is arranged at the lower part of an activation area, a natural gas inlet 391 for starting is arranged on the combustion chamber 39, a hot air inlet 392 is arranged for air distribution and combustion, an ignition port 393 is arranged, a hot gas inlet 394 is arranged, and an inspection port and a fire observation port 395 are arranged.
Example 1
The method comprises the steps of preparing the shell activated carbon on a 3MW scale, feeding the shell activated carbon into a pyrolysis-activation furnace feeder (all pyrolysis activation feed hoppers are filled with 2/3), firstly burning natural gas in a combustion cavity to enable an activation area 900-, when the heat value of the fuel gas reaches 2890Kcal, closing the fuel gas emptying pipe, cutting into the boiler for combustion, observing the heat value and the flow rate of the fuel gas, starting a steam turbine and a generator when the fluctuation is within 5 percent in 15 minutes, and periodically detecting an active carbon ratio meterThe specific surface area is 1300-1500m2The yield per gram was 21%.
The shell activated carbon is prepared on a 3MW scale to jointly produce electricity and heat, 7 ten thousand tons of shells are consumed annually, 2100 ten thousand DEG (or more than 10 ten thousand tons of steam) of electricity generation annually, about 1.47 ten thousand tons of shell activated carbon are produced annually, and the yield is 21%.
Claims (5)
1. The device for preparing the activated carbon to jointly generate electricity and heat is characterized by comprising a waste heat boiler (2), a pyrolysis-activation integrated device (3), a gas fan (4), a gas boiler (5), an economizer (6), an air preheater (7), a flue gas emission fan (8), a steam turbine (10) and a generator (11); wherein, the inlet of the waste heat boiler (2) is connected with a flue gas outlet (35) in the pyrolysis-activation integrated device, the steam outlet of the waste heat boiler (2) is connected with a steam inlet (37) of an intermediate shaft (334) in the pyrolysis-activation integrated device, the inlet of the gas fan (4) is connected with a gas outlet (36) at the tail end of the pyrolysis-activation integrated device, the outlet of the gas fan (4) is respectively connected with an inlet A of the gas boiler (5) and a hot gas inlet (394) of the pyrolysis-activation integrated device, an outlet A of the gas boiler (5) is connected with the inlet of the steam turbine (10), an outlet B of the gas boiler (5) is connected with an inlet A of the economizer (6), an outlet A of the economizer (6) is connected with an inlet B of the gas boiler (5), an outlet B of the economizer (6) is connected with an inlet A of the air preheater (7), an outlet A of the air preheater (7) is connected with an inlet of a flue gas emission fan (8), and an outlet B of the air preheater (7) is respectively connected with an inlet C of the gas boiler (5) and a hot air inlet (392) of the pyrolysis-activation integrated device; an outlet A of the steam turbine (10) is connected with the generator (11), an outlet B is connected with an inlet B of the economizer (6), and an outlet C is connected with the combustion chamber (39);
the pyrolysis-activation integrated device (3) comprises a horizontal cylindrical furnace body with refractory bricks, a combustion chamber (39) at the lower right part of the horizontal cylindrical furnace body and a high-temperature-resistant main reactor in the middle of the furnace body, wherein a plurality of high-temperature-resistant main reactors (33) are installed in the horizontal cylindrical furnace body, the left end of each high-temperature-resistant main reactor (33) is connected with the left end face of the horizontal cylindrical furnace body through a sealing flange (332), the right end of each high-temperature-resistant main reactor (33) is connected with the right end face of the horizontal cylindrical furnace body through a rear sealing flange (333), a plurality of guide plates (34) are arranged in the furnace body and used for enhancing heat exchange between flue gas and the high-temperature-resistant main reactors (33), a flue gas outlet (35) is arranged at the upper left part;
the combustion chamber (39) is provided with a natural gas inlet (391), a hot air inlet (392) for air distribution and combustion, an ignition port (393), a hot gas inlet (394) and a fire observation port (395), wherein the hot air inlet (392) and the natural gas inlet (391) are positioned on the left side of the combustion chamber (39), the fire observation port (395) is positioned at the bottom of the combustion chamber (39), and the ignition port (393) and the hot gas inlet (394) are positioned on the right side of the combustion chamber (39).
2. The device for coproducing electricity and heat by using activated carbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high temperature resistant main reactor is provided with a feed inlet (31), the feed inlet (31) is connected with the feeder (1), and a steam hole with the aperture of 2-5mm is arranged in an activation region of an intermediate shaft of the high temperature resistant main reactor (33) and is used for introducing steam required for activation.
3. The apparatus for co-producing electricity and heat for preparing activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein the hot gas for boiler combustion and the air distribution for combustion in the combustion chamber are hot air obtained from an air preheater (7), thereby improving heat utilization efficiency.
4. The process method for preparing the activated carbon cogeneration heat by using the activated carbon cogeneration device as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) pyrolysis activation of raw materials: the raw materials are sent into a pyrolysis-activation integrated device, firstly pass through a pyrolysis zone, carry out pyrolysis reaction at the temperature of 500-600 ℃, and then pass through an activation zone, and are activated under the action of water vapor at the temperature of 900-950 ℃;
2) co-generation of electricity and heat: 60-80% of high-temperature combustible gas generated in the pyrolysis-activation process enters a gas boiler (5) through a gas fan (4) to be combusted, medium-temperature and medium-pressure steam is generated to push a steam turbine (10) to generate electricity, and waste heat discharged by the steam turbine is used for heating;
3) preparing activated carbon: 20-40% of hot gas is indirectly used as heat required by pyrolysis activation after being combusted through a combustion cavity (39) at the lower part of the pyrolysis-activation integrated device, hot flue gas after combustion is supplied to a waste heat boiler (2) to generate steam, and the steam is introduced into an activation region from an intermediate shaft at the tail part of a spiral in the pyrolysis-activation integrated device to activate the pyrolytic carbon, so that high-quality finished active carbon is finally obtained.
5. The process method for preparing the activated carbon cogeneration device of electricity and heat according to claim 4, characterized in that the raw material is one or more of nut shell, wood particles and coal particles.
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| CN105368496B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-04-03 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of biomass gasification and gas-supply coproduction electricity, charcoal, heat, the process of fertilizer |
| CN105505469B (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2018-01-23 | 合肥德博生物能源科技有限公司 | A kind of downdraft fixed bed gasification steam-electric power combined production device and technique |
| CN205892761U (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-18 | 厦门中科城环新能源有限公司 | Carbomorphism activation integration processingequipment |
| CN107177381B (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-08-27 | 南京林业大学 | The device and method of biomass fixed-bed gasifying electricity generation coproduction charcoal, heat |
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Application publication date: 20180928 Assignee: Nanjing Chuanhang Intelligent System Co.,Ltd. Assignor: NANJING FORESTRY University Contract record no.: X2021320000084 Denomination of invention: Device for preparing activated carbon for cogeneration of electricity and heat and its process method Granted publication date: 20210622 License type: Common License Record date: 20210928 Application publication date: 20180928 Assignee: Nanjing Rong Chuan Environmental Protection Engineering Co.,Ltd. Assignor: NANJING FORESTRY University Contract record no.: X2021320000083 Denomination of invention: Device for preparing activated carbon for cogeneration of electricity and heat and its process method Granted publication date: 20210622 License type: Common License Record date: 20210928 Application publication date: 20180928 Assignee: Nanjing renxieju environmental protection engineering supporting Co.,Ltd. Assignor: NANJING FORESTRY University Contract record no.: X2021320000082 Denomination of invention: Device for preparing activated carbon for cogeneration of electricity and heat and its process method Granted publication date: 20210622 License type: Common License Record date: 20210928 |