CN105368496B - A kind of biomass gasification and gas-supply coproduction electricity, charcoal, heat, the process of fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a process method of biomass gasification and gas supply for cogeneration of electricity, charcoal, heat and fertilizer. The steam generated by the boiler drives the steam turbine to generate electricity, and at the same time obtains four products of electricity, charcoal, heat, and coarse manure. The process steps include: biomass pretreatment (collection, chipping); biomass in the polygeneration gasification device Gasification; coarse manure collection; hot gas after gasification is supplied to the gas-fired boiler through the burner; biomass charcoal is cooled and collected; steam generated by the boiler drives the steam turbine to generate electricity and heat. Advantages: The use of agricultural and forestry residues as raw materials is conducive to environmental protection and resource utilization of agricultural and forestry residues; stable process operation, high thermal efficiency of hot gas combustion, diverse products, good economic benefits, and large-scale use.

Description

A process method for biomass gasification and gas supply to co-produce electricity, charcoal, heat and fertilizer

technical field

The invention relates to a process method for biomass gasification, gas supply and combined production of electricity, charcoal, heat and fertilizer, which belongs to the field of biomass energy.

Background technique

Under the dual pressure of energy and the environment, vigorously developing clean and renewable energy has become a very urgent worldwide issue before governments all over the world. Compared with other new energy sources, biomass energy has the characteristics of being renewable, less polluting, transportable and storing, and most compatible with the current energy industry, so it has attracted special attention. China is a large agricultural country with rich agricultural and forestry biomass resources, huge quantity and diverse varieties. Under the background of favorable policies, the utilization of biomass resources has achieved considerable development in China, but at the same time, many problems in technology and equipment have arisen.

Biomass gasification, as a thermochemical conversion method in the utilization of biomass resources, has been deeply studied in many domestic universities. People have successively developed many gasification power generation processes and equipment. Looking at the current biomass resource utilization gasification power generation process and equipment: single product, low economic benefit; wet purification system, resulting in water pollution; internal combustion engine and gas turbine power generation system with poor stability due to incomplete purification. For example, the patent "Scale Fixed Bed Biomass Gasification Power Generation Process and Complete Equipment" developed by Han Wenke and others of Linyuan Technology Development Co., Ltd., and the patent "A Biomass Energy Cycle Power Generation Process and Power Generation System" developed by Huang Jiasheng and others in Taiwan ", Kunming Dianyan New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. "Biomass energy gasification power generation device": single product, adopts wet purification with high heat loss while increasing advanced water treatment process, uses internal combustion engine to generate power, and has poor stability.

At present, domestic straw gasification power generation projects use the following process: biomass raw material pretreatment (chipping, drying to a moisture content below 20%) + fixed bed or fluidized bed + gas purification device + internal combustion engine power generation (gas turbine). These gasification power generation processes only generate electricity and have no carbon products; the combustible gas produced by the gasifier during these operations contains dust and tar, and the combustible gas must be deeply purified for internal combustion engine power generation. At present, the better combustible gas purification method is Water washing and electric coke capture, electric coke capture has requirements for the oxygen content in the gas, if it exceeds the standard, safety accidents may occur, which makes the electric coke capture method unable to be popularized. The combustible gas has been washed and purified, and almost all the dust and combustible gas have been removed, but a small amount of tar remains. This small amount of tar seriously affects the operation of the internal combustion generator, resulting in a decrease in the stability and efficiency of the internal combustion generator and an increase in maintenance costs. , especially large-scale grid-connected power generation cannot be stably operated and is difficult to popularize and apply; this kind of process has a single product and poor economic benefits.

Contents of the invention

The present invention proposes a biomass gasification and gas supply co-production process for electricity, charcoal, heat and fertilizer. The products are optimized to improve economic benefits, the system is stable and environmentally friendly, and meets the requirements for large-scale promotion and use.

The technical solution of the present invention: a biomass gasification gas supply co-production process for electricity, charcoal, heat and fertilizer, using the self-drying, spouting multi-cogeneration gasification device, the hot gas obtained by gasification is used as a boiler The steam produced by the boiler drives the steam turbine to generate electricity, and at the same time obtains four products: electricity, charcoal, heat, and coarse fertilizer. The specific process steps include the following:

1) Collection and chipping of biomass raw materials to about 5cm;

2) Biomass raw materials are sent into the self-drying, spraying multi-

In the co-production gasification device, the biomass raw material is gasified at 600-800°C to produce combustible gas, the calorific value of the combustible gas is 1100-1300Kcal, and the temperature is about 300°C;

3) The hot gas with a temperature of about 300°C passes through the crude manure collector, and the fertilizer vinegar is trapped in the crude manure collector; the crude manure collector is a labyrinth settler;

4) After the hot gas quickly passes through the crude manure collector, it is directly sent to the burner for the gas-fired boiler. The gas is burned in the boiler to generate medium-temperature and medium-pressure steam (435°C, 3.43Mpa), which drives the steam turbine to generate electricity, and the steam The waste heat of the steam exhausted by the turbine is used for heating;

5) After the charcoal is cooled and collected, it is conveyed to the forming machine by belt, and processed into barbecue charcoal, industrial charcoal, etc. through the forming machine;

6) The waste heat of the boiler heats the air through the air preheater, and the hot air is sent into the gasifier by the blower.

Advantages of the present invention:

1) This process produces four products of electricity, charcoal, heat and fertilizer, which are diversified products and improve economic benefits.

2) The gasification device is equipped with a raw material self-drying system. For raw materials with a moisture content of about 50%, there is no need to dry the raw material, and the heat of the reaction chamber of the gasification device can be used for self-drying, and the raw material has wider adaptability.

3) The spray gasification system makes the combustible gas pipeline without fans, improves the safety of the gasifier, reduces the maintenance rate, and is easy to operate.

4) Using hot gas to burn the boiler, the thermal efficiency is greatly improved.

5) The power generation system uses gas-fired boilers to provide steam to drive steam turbines to generate electricity. The stability of equipment is greatly improved, which is conducive to large-scale production.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the process flow chart of biomass gasification gas supply and cogeneration of electricity, charcoal, heat and fertilizer

Accompanying drawing 2 is the structure schematic diagram of self-drying, spraying polygeneration gasification device.

Accompanying drawing 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coarse manure collector.

Compare with attached drawing 1

In the process flow chart of biomass gasification gas supply and cogeneration of electricity, charcoal, heat and fertilizer, 1 is pretreatment (slicing, hoist), 2 is self-drying, spraying polygeneration gasification device, and 3 is charcoal Cooling collection system, 4 is a dry coarse manure collector (also a gravity settler), 5 is a blower, 6 is a hot gas burner, 7 is an air supply fan for a burner, 8 is a gas boiler, and 9 is an economizer , 10 is the air preheater, 11 is the flue gas exhaust fan, 12 is the exhaust pipe, 13 is the steam turbine, 14 is the generator, 15 is the hopper, 16 is the upper pneumatic valve, 17 is the transition barrel (with level gauge ), 18 is the lower pneumatic valve, 19 is the front feed bin of the screw, 20 is the first-level feeding screw, 21 is the inner feeding screw of the second-level vertical insertion device, 22 is the heat storage body (ceramic, etc.), 23 is the upper maintenance Manhole, 24 is the reaction chamber, 25 is the gas outlet, 26 is the pressure transmitter, 27 is the level gauge, 28 is the thermocouple (the relative number is arranged according to the need), 29 is the lower maintenance manhole, 30 is the ignition port , 31 is the dry steam outlet, 32 is the air blower, 33 is the grate, 34 is the grate support rotating structure, 35 is the grate rotating power device, 36 is the charcoal outlet (with a charcoal cooling screw and a shut-off fan to ensure carbon outlet seal), 37 is a gas inlet, 38 is a gas outlet, 39 is an intermediate separation plate, 40 is a labyrinth plate with a hole spacing of 20mm in diameter and 30mm, and 41 is a liquid effusion tank.

Detailed ways

Referring to attached drawing 1, taking wood raw material as an example: the sliced raw material is pretreated 1 (sliced to about 6 cm with a drum slicer), and the elevator enters the gasification device 2 to undergo oxidation-reduction reaction at 600-800 ° C. The blower 5 blows in the hot air from the air preheater 10 and the dry water vapor from the furnace from the gasification device 2, and generates hot gas after gasification (the temperature of the hot gas is 200-300°C containing extract, tar, and dust), Under the positive pressure of the blower 5, the dust in the gas is preliminarily filtered through the raw material layer, and then the crude manure collector 4 undergoes preliminary gravity sedimentation, and the heavy tar and extract are trapped in the crude manure collector, and the lower part of the gasification device 2 The generated biomass charcoal is collected through the spiral cooling of the inner shaft and shell of the conventional equipment, and then packed into the warehouse. Finally, the hot gas is sent to the gas boiler 8 through the hot gas burner 6 for combustion, and the boiler 8 generates medium-temperature and medium-pressure steam to drive the steam turbine. 13, and then drive the generator 14 to generate electricity, the steam passes through the steam turbine part of the steam for heating, and the low-temperature water enters the condenser and returns to the economizer 9 for boiler water replenishment. After the gas is burned, the exhaust gas from the boiler 8 first passes through the economizer 9 , then passes through the air preheater 10 to preheat the gasification agent, and finally is discharged through the exhaust pipe 12 .

Compare with attached picture 2

Self-drying, spraying type polygeneration gasification device, its structure is that a feeding system is provided in the middle and lower part of the gasification device, and the feeding system is equipped with a hopper, an upper pneumatic valve, a transition silo, a lower pneumatic valve, and a first-stage feeder. The material screw is equipped with a vertical secondary feeding screw with a thermal storage body that is dried by the internal heat of the device; the upper cylinder of the gasification device is equipped with an inspection hole, a combustible gas outlet, a thermocouple, and a level gauge; the gasification device The middle part is equipped with a grate with a perforated swirl sheet structure, a grate support and a grate rotation system; the lower part of the gasification device is equipped with a blowing inlet for injecting gasification agent, a fan, a drying screw drying water vapor outlet, and a fan inlet ; The lower part of the gasification device is equipped with a biomass charcoal outlet and charcoal cooling.

Advantages of self-drying, spraying polygeneration gasification unit:

1) The gasification device is equipped with a raw material self-drying system. For raw materials with a moisture content of about 50%, there is no need to add a drying system to the raw material drying, and the heat of the reaction chamber of the gasification device can be used for self-drying.

2) The feeding system of the gasification device adopts a closed structure to ensure the realization of the spray gasification device, and there is no need to install an induced draft fan at the outlet and the oxygen content of the combustible gas is very low.

3) The gasification device is equipped with a unique grate with a perforated swirl plate structure, which ensures uniform charcoal production and uniform aeration.

4) The gasification device can finally obtain combustible gas and biomass charcoal products.

Contrasting accompanying drawing 3, coarse manure collector, its structure comprises gas inlet 37, gas outlet 38, middle separating plate 39, beats the labyrinth plate 40 of the hole pitch 30mm of diameter 20mm, effusion groove 41; Wherein middle separating plate 39 inserts Fluid trough 41, labyrinth plate 40 on the middle isolation plate 39, gas inlet 37, gas outlet 38 on both sides of the middle isolation plate 39.

When the manure collector is implemented,

The gas enters the dry-type thick manure collector through the gas inlet 37, first passes through the left side N-channel labyrinth plate 40, then passes through the right side N-way labyrinth plate 40, and finally the gas flows out from the gas outlet 38, and is intercepted in the thick manure effusion tank 41. , the liquid is obtained by rectification.

After chemical analysis, the extract is an organic compound containing various chemical components such as acids, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, etc., which itself has various biological activities and can promote crop growth. And antibacterial, bactericidal properties, the synergistic effect of each substance, so that the effect of the active biomass extract is better, it can be used for disinfection, bactericidal liquid, deodorant of livestock breeding or used for pesticides, auxiliary agents, and to promote crop growth Foliar fertilizer, the effect is obvious in organic crops. Japan, South Korea and other countries have conducted more in-depth research on the extract, and it has been widely used in the fields of life, agriculture and the environment. The cytotoxicity test, genotoxicity test and oral acute and chronic toxicity test of the Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention have confirmed that active organic substances are safe to use in agricultural production. The applicant has been popularized and applied in Jiangsu, Shandong, Ningxia, Jiangxi, Hebei and other provinces and cities. Biomass active liquid fertilizer can be widely used in various field crops, cash crops, vegetables, fruits and other agricultural and forestry crops. Biomass extract is a natural organic product with complex components and special effects. It should be understood, studied and applied with the concept of traditional Chinese medicine.

Claims (1)

1. A process for biomass gasification gas supply and cogeneration of electricity, charcoal, heat and fertilizer, characterized in that it utilizes self-drying, spraying type multi-generation gasification device, and the hot gas obtained by gasification is used as boiler Fuel, the steam generated by the boiler drives the steam turbine to generate electricity, and at the same time obtains four products of electricity, charcoal, heat, and coarse fertilizer. The specific process steps include the following: 1) Collection and chipping of biomass raw materials to 5cm; 2) Biomass raw materials are sent to the self-drying and spraying polygeneration gasification device under the action of belt conveyor and hoist. Biomass raw materials are gasified at 600-800°C to produce combustible gas, and the calorific value of combustible gas is 1100-1300Kcal, temperature 300℃; 3) The hot gas with a temperature of 300°C passes through the crude manure collector, and the fertilizer vinegar is trapped in the crude manure collector; the crude manure collector is a labyrinth settler; 4) After the hot gas quickly passes through the crude manure collector, it is directly sent to the burner for the gas-fired boiler. The gas is burned in the boiler to generate medium-temperature and medium-pressure steam. The medium-temperature and medium-pressure steam is 435°C and 3.43Mpa, which drives the steam turbine to generate electricity, and the steam turbine is discharged Steam waste heat is used for heating; 5) After the charcoal is cooled and collected, it is conveyed to the forming machine by belt, and processed into barbecue charcoal and industrial charcoal through the forming machine, and its calorific value is > 6500kcal/kg; 6) The waste heat of the boiler heats the air through the air preheater, and the hot air is sent into the gasification device by the blower; The self-drying, spraying type multi-generation gasification device has a feeding system in the middle and lower part of the gasification device, and the feeding system is equipped with a hopper, an upper pneumatic valve, a transition silo, and a lower pneumatic valve. The feeding screw is equipped with a vertical secondary feeding screw with a thermal storage body on the outside that is dried by the internal heat of the device; the upper cylinder of the gasification device is equipped with inspection holes, combustible gas outlets, thermocouples, and level gauges; gasification The middle part of the device is equipped with a grate with a perforated swirl plate structure, a grate support and a grate rotation system; the lower part of the gasification device is equipped with a blowing inlet for injecting gasification agent, a fan, a drying spiral drying water vapor outlet and a fan inlet ;The lower part of the gasification device is equipped with a biomass charcoal outlet and charcoal cooling; The self-drying, spraying type multi-generation gasification device is fully enclosed for feeding, and uses the internal heat of reaction to dry the raw materials, and the hot air heated by the waste heat of the boiler tail gas is used as the gasification agent; The crude manure is collected by a dry-type crude manure collector to obtain a biomass extract through rectification, which can be used as a liquid fertilizer after processing; Described crude manure collector, its structure comprises gas inlet, gas outlet, middle isolation plate, the labyrinth plate of the hole spacing 30mm that fills diameter 20mm, effusion tank; It is a labyrinth plate, and the two sides of the middle isolation plate are gas inlet and gas outlet.