CN1085693C - 一种用于液晶盒的对准膜材料和制备该材料的方法 - Google Patents

一种用于液晶盒的对准膜材料和制备该材料的方法 Download PDF

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CN1085693C
CN1085693C CN97108580A CN97108580A CN1085693C CN 1085693 C CN1085693 C CN 1085693C CN 97108580 A CN97108580 A CN 97108580A CN 97108580 A CN97108580 A CN 97108580A CN 1085693 C CN1085693 C CN 1085693C
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卢星熙
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Abstract

通过将芳烷基加到芳族聚酰胺的N-位置上来制备N-取代的芳族聚酰胺的新型化合物，其中的衍生物用式1表示并且通过使该芳族聚酰胺金属化，然后将金属化的聚酰胺与一种芳烷基卤化物反应来制备。

Description

一种用于液晶盒的对准膜材料和制备该材料的方法
本发明涉及用于液晶盒(liquid crystal cell)的新型对准膜(alignment film)材料和制备该材料的方法，更具体的说，涉及式1的N-芳烷基取代的聚-间-亚苯基间苯二酰胺(PMIA)衍生物，当这些衍生物用于液晶盒的对准膜材料时，它产生小于1°的低预倾角，以及制备该材料的方法。
[式1]
Figure C9710858000061
(其中，R是一个芳烷基。)
一般说来，液晶盒包括两种硬衬底和在它们之间注射的液晶材料。还有，在衬底上形成透明的电极以便给液晶盒的像素施加电场，在透明膜上形成一种对准膜以便将衬底之间的液晶材料对准。
为了获得液晶金的电光效果，需要将液晶盒内的液晶材料均匀一致的对准。有二种类型的液晶对准，一种是单向对准(homogeneous alignment)而另一种是同向对准(homeotropic alignment)。同向对准是将液晶材料在垂直方向相对衬底表面对准，通过将SiOx沉淀在衬底上或通过将例如硅烷为基的偶联剂之类的表面活性剂涂敷在衬底上。单向对准是将液晶材料基本上在水平方向相对衬底对准，采用传统的二氧化硅(SiO2)斜置蒸镀法、摩擦法和Langmuir-blodgett法进行。
摩擦法是用于对准液晶的最广泛使用的方法，包括将聚酰亚胺涂敷到衬底上以形成一层有机对准膜和机械摩擦对准膜的步骤。通过这个摩擦工艺，在对准膜表面上沿摩擦方向生成很多微凹槽。这样，当液晶被置于摩擦对准膜时，由于这些微凹槽的缘故液晶被对准。
一般说来，由于其良好的液晶对准性和化学稳定性，主要一直使用聚酰亚胺作为用于摩擦方法的液晶对准膜。而且，聚酰亚胺容易在衬底上印制和摩擦。在衬底上制备聚酰亚胺对准膜的工艺步骤包括，将一种二胺化合物与一种酸酐在溶剂中反应以便生成聚酰胺酸(polyamic acid)溶液；在衬底上涂敷4-8％的聚酰胺酸溶液；和在180-300℃在炉内里烘烤该衬底。采用上述方法得到的热塑性聚酰亚胺用式2表示。
[式2]
Figure C9710858000071
然而，存在一个缺点，这个方法需要热处理被涂敷的前体-聚酰胺酸，以便形成薄的聚酰亚胺膜。此外，聚酰亚胺不能产生小于1°的预倾角，而小于1°的预倾角是近来推广的宽视角IPS(平面开关)型液晶盒所需要的。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种具有小于1°的低预倾角的对准膜。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种可溶于有机溶剂里并容易形成对准膜的新型材料。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种用以形成对准膜的新型材料，它能用于IPS(平面开关)型液晶盒。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供由式1表示的N-芳烷基取代的芳族聚酰胺，以及包括使芳族聚酰胺金属化和将金属化的聚酰胺与芳烷基卤化物反应的步骤的制备该材料的方法。
[式1]
Figure C9710858000072
其中，R是芳烷基。
在以下的详细描述中，只是表示和描述了本发明的优选的实施方案，简单地采用具体说明实施本发明的本发明人仔细考虑过的最佳形式的方式。如所理解的那样，本发明能够在各个显而易见的方面进行改进，所有这些并不脱离本发明。因而这种说明被认为是描述性的，而不是限制性的。
本发明提供下式1的N-芳烷基取代的芳族聚酰胺，并且还提供用于制备同一材料的方法，该方法包括使一种芳族聚酰胺金属化和将该金属化的聚酰胺与一种芳烷基卤化物反应的步骤。
[式1]
Figure C9710858000081
其中，R是芳烷基。
这种芳族聚酰胺优选是PMIA(聚-间-亚苯基间苯二酰胺)。具有金属化的步骤优选采用将聚-间-亚苯基间苯二酰胺与甲基亚磺酰基负碳离子反应来进行。芳烷基卤化物选自式3-7。
[式3]
Figure C9710858000082
[式4]
Figure C9710858000083
[式5]
[式6]
Figure C9710858000085
[式7]
Figure C9710858000086
其中，X是诸如Cl或Br之类的卤素，而Z是H、CH3、CN、OCH3或CF3。更优选所述的芳烷基是苄基。
以下将详细描述N-芳烷基取代的式1的芳族聚酰胺的制备方法。首先，通过氢化钠(NaH)与二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的反应制备甲基亚磺酰基负碳离子。然后，如下面式1的反应所示，将PMIA-一种芳族聚酰胺材料，与甲基亚磺酰基负碳离子进行5-6小时的金属化反应。此后，将金属化的PMIA与一种芳烷基卤化物反应12-16小时，以便使金属化的PMIA主链的酰胺基团的N位置被芳烷基取代。由此，本发明的N-芳烷基取代的芳族聚酰胺PMIA制成了。
[反应式1]
Figure C9710858000091
其中，R是芳烷基，而X是Cl或Br。
上述反应以超过85％的高取代率和78％的高产率进行，尽管它是聚合反应。N-芳烷基取代的PMIA用元素分析仪、NMR和IR进行分析。N-芳烷基取代的PMIA可溶于有机溶剂里，例如NMP(N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮)、DMSO(二甲基亚砜)、THF(四氢呋喃)和苯甲醇，尽管未取代的PMIA在有机溶剂里是不溶解的。
接下来，在用这些衍生物制成对准膜之后制作液晶盒。即通过在衬底上涂敷这种衍生物和NMP溶液，并在约150-180℃烘烤衬底1小时用以得到对准膜来制成对准膜。然后，用人造纤维辊摩擦这种对准膜。该衬底与另一个衬底组装在一起，在它们之间注射液晶。这样，该液晶以小于1°的预倾角被有序地对准。通过用偏光显微镜观察该液晶，表明预倾角事实上小于1°。例如，如果引入苄基作为芳烷基则预倾角为0.5°-1°，此预倾角适合于IPS型液晶盒。由此，通过采用本发明的对准膜，具有宽视角的IPS型液晶盒制作出来了。本发明的衍生物溶于诸如NMP、THF、DMSO和苄基醇之类的有机溶剂里。还有，由这些衍生物形成的对准膜产生小于1°的低预倾角，从而它能用于提供宽视角的IPS型液晶盒中。
在本说明书中，只是表示和描述了本发明的优选的实施方案，但是如前所述，应该理解本发明能够用于各种其它组合物和环境里，并且能够在如后面表达的发明构思的范围内变化或改进。

Claims (12)

1.一种制备用于液晶盒的对准材料的下式的N-芳烷基取代的芳族聚酰胺的方法，该方法包括以下的步骤：
使芳族聚酰胺金属化；和
将金属化的聚酰胺与芳烷基卤化物反应，
[式1]
Figure C9710858000021
其中，R是芳烷基。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中芳烷基卤化物选自式3-7的化合物：
[式3]
[式4]
Figure C9710858000023
[式5]
Figure C9710858000024
[式6]
[式7]
Figure C9710858000026
其中，X是Cl或Br，而Z是H、CH3、CN、OCH3或CF3。
3.根据权利要求2的方法，其中芳烷基卤化物是苄基卤化物。
4.一种液晶盒的对准膜的制备方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
使芳族聚酰胺金属化；
将该聚酰胺与一种芳烷基卤化物反应以便生成式1的N-芳烷基取代的芳族聚酰胺；
[式1]
Figure C9710858000031
其中，R是芳烷基；
将该N-芳烷基取代的芳族聚酰胺溶于一种有机溶剂里以便生成对准溶液；
将该对准溶液涂敷在一种衬底上；和
摩擦该衬底。
5.根据权利要求4的方法，其中芳烷基卤化物选自式3-7的化合物：
[式3]
Figure C9710858000032
[式4]
Figure C9710858000033
[式5]
Figure C9710858000034
[式6]
Figure C9710858000035
[式7]
Figure C9710858000041
其中，X是Cl或Br，而Z是H、CH3、CN、OCH3或CF3。
6.根据权利要求4的方法，其中芳烷基卤化物是苄基卤化物。
7.根据权利要求4的方法，其中有机溶剂选自N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、四氢呋喃和苄基醇。
8.根据权利要求4的方法，其中液晶盒的对准膜产生小于1°的预倾角。
9.一种用于液晶盒的对准材料，其包含下式的N-芳烷基取代的芳族聚酰胺，
其中，R是芳烷基。
10.根据权利要求9的对准材料，其中芳烷基R是从选自下式3-7的化合物中生成的：
[式3]
[式4]
Figure C9710858000044
[式5]
Figure C9710858000045
[式6]
Figure C9710858000046
[式7]
Figure C9710858000051
其中，X是Cl或Br，而Z是H、CH3、CN、OCH3或CF3。
11.根据权利要求9的对准材料，其中芳烷基是苄基。
12.用权利要求9-11中所述的对准材料制成的对准膜，其中该膜产生小于1°的预倾角。
CN97108580A 1996-12-31 1997-12-31 一种用于液晶盒的对准膜材料和制备该材料的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1085693C (zh)

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EP0850975A3 (en) 1999-01-13
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US6103862A (en) 2000-08-15
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