CN108568291B - 一种苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料、其制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料,并公开了该材料的制备方法以及该材料在磺胺类抗生素分析领域的应用。本发明中的苯基桥键纤维状多孔硅材料采用特殊的微乳系统,以阳离子表面活性剂为结构导向剂,苯基桥联硅烷和无机硅源为混合硅源前驱物制备而成。将该方法制备成的材料应用于固相萃取富集法富集样品中磺胺类抗生素,并结合液相色谱串联质谱检测其含量。苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料具有三维中心辐射状纤维褶皱多孔结构,比表面积高及内表面可接触性高等优点,对复杂样品中磺胺类抗生素实现较好的富集净化作用。该方法具有环境友好,操作简便,检测灵敏度高,重现性好等优势,应用潜力巨大。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分析材料及检测领域,具体涉及一种基于苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料的磺胺类抗生素的分析方法。
背景技术
磺胺类抗生素作为一类广谱性抗菌药物,在人类、畜禽和水生动物疾病防治方面应用广泛,然而不当或过量使用该类药物会导致其在环境水体以及动物源性食品中过量残留,对生态系统和人类健康造成严重危害(Environmental Pollution,2009,157:2893-2902)。为了保障环境水体以及动物源性食品的质量安全,磺胺类抗生素的残留分析日益成为重点研究对象。
实际样品中抗生素残留量浓度较低(多为ng/L~μg/L级别),仪器灵敏度有限,因此在分析检测前,必须对样品进行前处理(Analytica Chimica Acta,2015,890 21-43)。固相萃取因具有操作简单、浓缩因子高、吸附剂可循环使用,有机溶剂消耗少等诸多优点而颇受青睐,其中萃取材料是该萃取技术的核心,它对分析结果的准确度与精密度有很大影响。多孔硅纳米材料具有可调的孔径尺寸和结构、比表面积高、孔隙率高、热稳定性高、机械稳定性高、易于功能化等优点,在样品前处理方面应用广泛(Trends in AnalyticalChemistry,2017,88:167-184)。
研究表明,有机功能化可以调控多孔硅孔道表面的物理化学性质,进而强化多孔硅材料与吸附目标物之间的亲和力,从而增强多孔硅材料的萃取性能(Chemistry—AnAsian Journal 2014,9:908-914;Journal of Chromatography A,2014,1370:25-32)。骨架掺杂法使用桥联硅烷偶联剂(OR’)3Si-R-Si-(OR’)3为原料(Nature,1999,402:867-871)对多孔硅进行功能化修饰,相比于后嫁接和共缩聚修饰手段,其可以将有机官能团均匀修饰于孔壁上而非孔道中,有效避免孔道堵塞。此外,与传统的具有相同孔径尺寸的有序介孔硅相比,纤维状多孔硅(Angewandte Chemie,2010,122:9846-9850)由三维开放性中心辐射状纤维褶皱结构组成,孔道尺寸由内向外逐渐增大,具有更高的孔渗透性、更大的孔体积、更好的粒子内表面可接触性等优势(Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2016,4:7005-7019)。
本发明目的在于以纤维状多孔硅为骨架材料,采用桥联型硅烷偶联剂对其孔壁进行苯基功能化,赋予纤维状多孔硅双亲性骨架和可高度接近的孔道,制备新型固相萃取柱,提高其对磺胺类抗生素的分离富集效率,结合液相色谱-串联质谱技术实现磺胺类抗生素的高灵敏检测。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料、制备方法及其在磺胺类抗生素分析方面的应用,该方法中利用苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料作为固相萃取柱填料,对磺胺类抗生素进行分离富集,结合液相色谱-串联质谱技术实现对复杂实际样品中痕量磺胺类抗生素的灵敏检测。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
本发明中的苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料,采用特殊的微乳系统:环己烷作为油相、水作为分散相、戊醇作为共溶剂、尿素作为碱性催化剂,以阳离子表面活性剂为结构导向剂,苯基桥联硅烷和无机硅源为混合硅源前驱物,制备而成。
优选的,上述制备方法中所述的阳离子表面活性剂为季铵盐类或吡啶类表面活性剂;其中,季铵基团氮上连接的四个碳链中最长的碳链的碳原子数为C12-C20,其它碳链的碳原子数为C1-C4;吡啶类表面活性剂最长碳链的碳原子数为C12-C20;吡啶类和季铵盐类表面活性剂中的阴离子为卤素离子中的一种或几种。
优选的,上述制备方法中所述的苯基桥联硅烷为双(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)苯,双(三甲氧基硅烷基乙基)苯,[1,4-亚苯基二(亚甲基)]二(三甲氧基硅烷)中的一种或几种;所述无机硅源为正硅酸乙酯、正硅酸甲酯、正硅酸异丙酯、正硅酸丁酯中的一种或几种。
优选的,苯基桥联硅烷与无机硅源的摩尔比为1:1~9。
优选的,称取溴化十六烷基吡啶,尿素加入到一定体积水中,搅拌得到溶液A。将摩尔比为1:6的双(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)苯/正硅酸乙酯和戊醇加入到环己烷中,搅拌得到溶液B。将溶液B加入到溶液A中,常温水浴搅拌1小时后转移至聚四氟乙烯反应釜,120℃反应6小时。离心,洗涤后,置于含有盐酸的乙醇溶液中,回流去除表面活性剂,离心,洗涤,干燥得到苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅。
本发明保护上述制备方法,及上述制备方法得到的苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料。
本发明还提供一种固相萃取富集法分析样品中磺胺类抗生素含量的方法,其特征在于,以苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料为填料,制备固相萃取柱,依次用甲醇和等体积的超纯水活化固相萃取小柱,将含有磺胺类抗生素的样品溶液过柱即富集,控制溶液流速;富集完成后,采用合适的洗脱剂洗脱,经氮吹,复溶,过滤后转移至进样瓶中,然后用液相色谱串联质谱仪进行定量检测。
优选的,上述步骤中所述的固相萃取柱以苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料为填料,制备固相萃取柱所采用柱管体积为1-300mL(1,2,6,12,20,30,60,300mL),填充量为10-1000mg;填料上下两端各有一块筛板,筛板厚度为1-5mm(1.2,1.6,2.5,3.2mm),孔径为5-80μm(5,10,20,50,80μm)。
优选的,上述分析方法针对的磺胺类抗生素分别是:磺胺嘧啶,磺胺噻唑,磺胺吡啶,磺胺甲基嘧啶,磺胺二甲嘧啶,磺胺甲噁唑。样品可以为环境水样,牛奶,蜂蜜等复杂样本。
优选的,上述分析方法中所述的洗脱剂为甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、丙酮、氯仿中的一种或几种,洗脱次数为1~2次,每次洗脱剂的用量为2~10mL。
优选的,上述分析方法中所述的液相色谱分离参数为:色谱柱为C18液相色谱柱2.1mm×50mm×5μm,柱温35℃;流动相A为0.1%甲酸水,B为乙腈;洗脱程序:0-5.0min,40%B。质谱的检测条件为:离子源为电喷雾离子化源ESI+;扫描方式:多反应离子检测MRM;辅助加热气温度:500℃,喷雾电压5500V。优选的,质谱检测磺胺嘧啶,磺胺噻唑,磺胺吡啶,磺胺甲基嘧啶,磺胺二甲嘧啶,磺胺甲噁唑六种化合物的定量离子对、定性离子对、去簇电压(DP)、碰撞气能量(CE)条件如下表所示:
表1、六种磺胺类抗生素的定量离子对、定性离子对、去簇电压(DP)、碰撞气能量(CE)
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果:
(1)首次采用具有大比表面积的苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料作为固相萃取柱填料,其对磺胺类抗生素具有很好的吸附性能,能够显著除去干扰杂质,实现复杂样本中磺胺类抗生素的分离富集。
(2)以苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料为填料的固相萃取柱,制备步骤简单、省时,具有较高的机械强度和化学稳定性,重现性好。
(3)该方法检测灵敏度高,操作简单、快速,有机溶剂用量小,重现性好,可用于环境、食品等复杂样品中痕量磺胺类抗生素的检测。
附图说明
图1苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料的SEM图;
图2苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料的氮气吸/脱附等温线图;
图3加标水样萃取前后的色谱图;
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
实施例1.纯净水中磺胺类抗生素的加标回收率实验
(1)苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅固相萃取柱的制备:
称取1.0g溴化十六烷基吡啶,0.6g尿素加入到30mL水中,搅拌0.5小时得到溶液A。将摩尔比为1:6的双(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)苯/正硅酸乙酯和1.5mL戊醇加入到30mL环己烷中搅拌0.5小时,得到溶液B。将溶液B加入到溶液A中,常温水浴搅拌1小时后移至100mL聚四氟乙烯反应釜,120℃反应6小时。离心,洗涤,得到白色粉末。在含有1%的36%盐酸的乙醇溶液中,回流24小时,去除表面活性剂,离心,洗涤,干燥得到苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅填料。苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅的形貌特点是具有纤维褶皱结构,粒径均匀,见图1。称取150mg苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料移入6mL空柱管内,以厚度1.0mm,孔径20μm筛板压实得到固相萃取柱。使用前用甲醇和水预处理,即先用5mL甲醇淋洗小柱,再用5mL水淋洗小柱。
(2)苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅固相萃取柱萃取分析实际水样过程:
水样的采集及预处理:采集桶装纯净水作为实际样品,水样经0.45的微孔膜过滤后,存储于干净的棕色玻璃瓶中,并置于4℃下保存。准确量取100mL纯净水,加入1mL浓度分别为0.5μg/L,2.5μg/L,10μg/L磺胺类抗抗生素混合溶液,此时每种磺胺类抗生素的加标浓度均为5ng/L,25ng/L和100ng/L。
以循环水真空泵驱动加标水样通过固相萃取柱;随后以8mL甲醇进行洗脱(速度控制在1mL/min),获得洗脱液。将洗脱液氮吹至干,用1mL甲醇定容,过0.22μm滤膜,由液相色谱-串联质谱仪检测。
如表1所示,纯净水中六种磺胺类抗生素所得回收率在80%以上,方法回收率很好,且重复实验三次,六种磺胺类药物的加标回收率的相对标准偏差在0.7%~8.0%之间。表明本发明所述的检测方法稳定性、重现性好。
实施例2.牛奶中磺胺类抗生素的加标回收率实验
(1)苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅固相萃取柱的制备:
以十二烷基氯化吡啶为结构导向剂,将硅源前驱体调整为摩尔比为1:4的双(三甲氧基硅烷基乙基)苯与正硅酸甲酯,采用实施例1的材料合成步骤,制备苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅。采用3mL空柱管装填60mg苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅,以厚度1.0mm,孔径50μm筛板压实得固相萃取柱。使用前用甲醇和水预处理,即先用5mL甲醇淋洗小柱,再用5mL水淋洗小柱。
(2)苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅固相萃取柱萃取分析牛奶过程:
首先将牛奶样品中磺胺类抗生素残留物用乙腈-水溶液提取,旋转蒸发除去提取液中乙腈,加入超纯水定容。提取液用自制固相萃取柱净化,洗脱液氮气吹干后,用液相色谱串联质谱测定,外标法定量。具体步骤如下:
称取10g牛奶于50mL离心管中,加入20mL乙腈-水溶液(体积比为15:2),涡旋混匀1min,振荡10min,4000r/min离心5min,收集上清液;将20mL乙腈-水溶液(体积比为15:2)加入到含有沉淀的离心管中,涡旋混匀1min,振荡10min,4000r/min离心5min,合并上清液,减压浓缩除去乙腈,得到牛奶提取液。将提取液用超纯水定容至100mL,待步骤(1)所得固相萃取柱净化。
以循环水真空泵驱动待净化牛奶样品溶液通过固相萃取柱;随后以8mL丙酮进行洗脱(速度控制在1mL/min),获得洗脱液。将洗脱液氮吹至干,用1mL甲醇定容,过0.22μm滤膜后,由液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定。
实施例3.蜂蜜中磺胺类抗生素的加标回收率实验
(1)苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅固相萃取柱的制备:
以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构导向剂,将硅源前驱体调整为摩尔比为1:2的[1,4-亚苯基二(亚甲基)]二(三甲氧基硅烷)与正硅酸丁酯,采用同实施例1的材料合成步骤,制备苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅。采用10mL空柱管装填200mg苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅,以厚度2.5mm,孔径20μm筛板压实得到固相萃取柱。使用前用甲醇和水预处理,即先用5mL甲醇淋洗小柱,再用5mL水淋洗小柱。
(2)苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅固相萃取柱萃取分析蜂蜜过程:
用甲醇提取蜂蜜样品中磺胺类抗生素,自制固相萃取小柱净化,液相色谱串联质谱测定,外标法定量。具体步骤如下:
蜂蜜预处理:称取2g蜂蜜于50mL离心管中,加入5mL水涡旋混匀,再加甲醇至10mL涡旋混匀1min,振荡10min,4000r/min离心5min,收集上清液,超纯水定容至100mL,待步骤(1)所得固相萃取柱净化。
以循环水真空泵驱动待净化蜂蜜样品溶液通过固相萃取柱;随后以8mL乙腈进行洗脱(速度控制在1mL/min),获得洗脱液。将洗脱液氮吹至干,用1mL甲醇定容,过0.22μm滤膜后,由液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定。
Claims (6)
1.一种固相萃取富集法检测样品中磺胺类抗生素的分析方法,其特征在于,以苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料为填料,制备固相萃取柱,依次用甲醇和等体积的超纯水活化固相萃取柱,将含有磺胺类抗生素的样品溶液过柱即富集,控制溶液流速;富集完成后,采用合适的洗脱剂洗脱,经氮吹,复溶,过滤后转移至进样瓶中,然后用液相色谱-串联质谱仪进行定量检测;
所述苯基桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料的制备方法为:采用微乳系统,以阳离子表面活性剂为结构导向剂,苯基桥联硅烷和无机硅源为混合硅源前驱物,制备苯基功能化的桥键型纤维状多孔硅材料;所述微乳系统包括:环己烷作为油相、水作为分散相、戊醇作为共溶剂、尿素作为碱性催化剂;
所述阳离子表面活性剂为季铵盐类或吡啶类表面活性剂;其中,季铵基团氮上连接的四个碳链中最长的碳链的碳原子数为C12-C20,其它碳链的碳原子数为C1-C4;吡啶类表面活性剂碳链的碳原子数为C12-C20;吡啶类和季铵盐表面活性剂中的阴离子为卤素离子中的一种或几种;
所述苯基桥联硅烷为双(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)苯,双(三甲氧基硅烷基乙基)苯,[1,4-亚苯基二(亚甲基)]二(三甲氧基硅烷)中的一种或几种;所述无机硅源为正硅酸乙酯、正硅酸甲酯、正硅酸异丙酯、正硅酸丁酯中的一种或几种;苯基桥联硅烷与无机硅源的摩尔比为1:1~9。
2.如权利要求1所述的分析方法,其特征在于,所述制备固相萃取柱,包括柱管、设置于柱管中的两个筛板和填充于两个筛板之间的填料;所采用柱管体积为1-300mL,填充量为10-1000mg;填料上下两端各有一块筛板,筛板厚度为1-5mm,孔径为5-80μm。
3.如权利要求1所述的分析方法,其特征在于,所述的磺胺类抗生素是磺胺嘧啶,磺胺噻唑,磺胺吡啶,磺胺甲基嘧啶,磺胺二甲嘧啶,磺胺甲噁唑中的一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的分析方法,其特征在于,所述洗脱剂为甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、丙酮、氯仿中的一种或几种,洗脱次数为1~2次,每次洗脱剂的用量为2~10mL。
5.如权利要求1所述的分析方法,其特征在于,所述采用液相色谱串联质谱仪进行定量检测,液相色谱分离参数为:色谱柱为C18液相色谱柱2.1mm×50mm×5μm,柱温35℃;流动相A为0.1%甲酸水,B为乙腈;洗脱程序:0-5.0min,40%B;质谱的检测条件为:离子源为电喷雾离子化源ESI+;扫描方式:多反应离子检测MRM;辅助加热气温度:500℃,喷雾电压5500V。
6.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的分析方法在检测食品中残余磺胺药物领域的应用。
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