CN108563851B - Refined mountain tunnel BIM modeling method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a refined mountain tunnel BIM modeling method, which comprises the following steps: 1) determining a BIM modeling standard of the mountain tunnel, and determining a plan view and a vertical view of the CAD base map in the BIM model; 2) carrying out Civil engineering modeling on the mountain tunnel by using Revit and Civil 3D; 3) and (4) combining a Civil 3D section determination mode to perform electromechanical modeling of the mountain tunnel. Compared with the prior art, the method determines a set of mountain tunnel BIM modeling standard according to the existing municipal engineering BIM modeling standard, can ensure the precision requirement of the model, expresses the model components in a classified manner, and is favorable for model information exchange; the defect that a space curve is difficult to directly create in Revit is avoided, and road assembly is adopted to mark mileage for the center line of the tunnel, so that accurate selection of the position of the tunnel is facilitated; a tunnel contour assembly mode is created by Civil 3D, so that a large number of electromechanical devices can be placed quickly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a BIM modeling method, in particular to a refined mountain tunnel BIM modeling method.
Background
In recent years, with the national emphasis on capital construction, mountain tunnels have been largely constructed and developed. While the scale of railway tunnel construction is continuously enlarged, highway tunnels are also increased at a speed of 350 km every year. The great construction of mountain tunnels promotes the rapid development of various technologies such as design, construction, management and the like, and a typical representative is the application of BIM technology.
The BIM technology has a short application history in the civil engineering field, and is mainly applied to the fields of visual management, auxiliary design, project operation and maintenance and the like. The BIM is applied to mountain tunnels in a starting stage. The BIM technology is applied to mountain tunnels, so that professional cooperative working platforms can be built, and the management efficiency is improved; the external change of the design can be reduced, and the construction is guided; visual operation and maintenance can be achieved, and engineering safety is guaranteed. However, the problem to be solved by applying the BIM technology is the BIM modeling of the mountain tunnel. However, few examples of BIM modeling of mountain tunnels at home and abroad exist, and the related technology is extremely immature, low in precision and low in efficiency.
In the prior art, a BIM modeling method of a shield tunnel is usually used for reference, a segment splicing mode is adopted, the real condition of the mountain tunnel cannot be reflected, and the model precision is not high. Therefore, it is very important to find a complete set of refined mountain tunnel BIM modeling method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a refined mountain tunnel BIM modeling method.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a refined mountain tunnel BIM modeling method comprises the following steps:
21) in Civil 3D, a way of creating a road is adopted, CAD base drawings are picked up on a plane and a vertical plane respectively to establish space lines, and a tunnel center line in Civil 3D is generated;
22) attaching a road label every ten meters on a tunnel center line in Civil 3D, wherein the label model adopts an AecTickLine model so as to mark mileage on the tunnel center line;
23) newly building a Revit metric system conventional model, and importing a CAD base map so as to be used as a positioning reference; placing the center line of the tunnel at an original point in Civil 3D, and leading in Revit to be aligned with the CAD base map;
24) the center line of the tunnel led in Revit is copied once, and the center lines of the two tunnels are superposed together. Setting the working plane as a horizontal reference plane, decomposing one tunnel center line into a block set once, and changing the tunnel center line into a small line segment with unit length on the horizontal reference plane;
25) and segmenting the mountain tunnel according to different cross section profiles of the mountain tunnel. Using a spline curve to pick up 24) small line segments in each mountain tunnel mileage to generate a complete central line. The central line of each tunnel section at the moment is not a space curve, but a projection of the central line on a horizontal reference plane;
26) the working plane is set as a vertical reference plane, for example, the working plane can be set as an east vertical plane, and another introduced tunnel center line is decomposed once to become a block set, at which time the tunnel center line becomes a small line segment of unit length on the vertical reference plane. Similarly, according to the step 25), picking up small line segments with unit length in the vertical reference plane by using a spline curve, and generating the projection of the tunnel center line on the vertical reference plane;
27) and respectively expanding the projections of the tunnel center line in the horizontal reference plane and the vertical reference plane to form a closed curve, wherein the projection line is a key edge of the closed curve, and stretching is created according to the closed curve. At the moment, the stretching in the two vertical reference planes can be intersected, and a curve obtained by the intersection of the surfaces stretched by the key edges is the center line of the mountain tunnel;
28) newly building a metric profile in Revit, dividing the section of the tunnel into a plurality of parts and storing the parts as profile families respectively, picking up the central line of each section of the tunnel, loading the corresponding profile family of the tunnel, lofting and fusing to build each section of the main tunnel;
29) splicing main tunnels of all sections, setting example parameters of profile corners, inputting different angle values to try, and splicing and aligning all adjacent tunnel sections;
210) and creating a model of an auxiliary structure of the mountain tunnel, splicing the model with the main tunnel, and creating a hollow model at the adjacent part of the auxiliary structure and the main tunnel to cut off the redundant part.
3) Combining with a Civil 3D section determining mode to perform mountain tunnel electromechanical modeling, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
31) the electromechanical equipment is classified according to the types of the electromechanical equipment commonly found in mountain tunnels, and can be divided into nine major categories including tunnel power supply and distribution, tunnel lighting systems, tunnel ventilation systems, fire alarm and tunnel fire control, traffic control systems, environment detection systems, event detection systems, emergency telephone and broadcast systems, central control management systems and the like, and Revit modeling of electromechanical equipment family libraries in the major categories is completed respectively. Because many electromechanical device Revit models can be downloaded from the internet, and the modeling method is relatively mature, the method is not described any more;
32) after the modeling work of each electromechanical device family library is completed, in Civil 3D, a contour line of the cross section of the tunnel is established, a part is established from a plurality of sections of lines forming the contour, and the part is established as an assembly;
33) and adding tunnel contour line assembly on the built tunnel center line in the step 27), and adding the assembly on the mileage section where each electromechanical device is located. Since the electromechanical devices are usually arranged at fixed intervals, the method can quickly add assembly to the corresponding mileage section. The electromechanical equipment is not arranged at a fixed distance, and the contour assembly can be manually added to the mileage where the equipment is located;
34) leading a tunnel center line with a tunnel contour assembly and a created electromechanical equipment family library into Revit, directly picking up a target section, and arranging a working plane on the target section;
35) and loading corresponding electromechanical equipment onto the working plane, and adjusting the rotation angle of the electromechanical equipment to enable the electromechanical equipment to be tightly attached to the surface of the tunnel, so that the spatial placement work of a large number of electromechanical equipment is completed.
In the step 27), the problem that a plan view and a longitudinal section view developed along the mileage in a two-dimensional CAD drawing of the tunnel center line cannot be geometrically corresponded can be solved, and the plan view and the longitudinal section view developed along the mileage are geometrically corresponded to complete the creation of the mountain tunnel center line.
In the step 29), example parameters of the profile corner are established in the lofting fusion process, so that the close splicing of the two adjacent main body tunnel sections is realized.
In the step 210), when the auxiliary structure is spliced with the main tunnel, hollow stretching is established at the collision redundant part, and the redundant part is cut to realize the tight splicing of the auxiliary structure and the main tunnel.
In the step 31), the modeling work of the building and civil attachment structure BIM family library of the mountain tunnel is completed, and the attachment structure comprises a transverse passage, an underground fan room and a substation.
In the step 34), the creation of tunnel contour assembly in Civil 3D is combined, so that the spatial position placement work of a large number of electromechanical devices can be completed quickly.
In the step 1), the modeling standard comprises a file naming standard, a view naming standard, a working set setting and a view setting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) a set of mountain tunnel BIM modeling standards is determined by referring to the existing municipal engineering BIM modeling standards, the accuracy requirements of the model can be guaranteed by modeling under the standards, and model members are classified and expressed, so that the model information exchange is facilitated.
(2) The tunnel center line is established by using a Civil 3D road establishing mode, the defect that a space curve is difficult to directly establish in Revit is overcome, and mileage is marked for the tunnel center line by using road assembly, so that accurate tunnel position selection is facilitated.
(3) The profile corner can be finely adjusted by establishing example parameters of the profile corner in lofting fusion, so that the problem of uneven splicing of adjacent tunnel sections is avoided.
(4) The contour assembly is established on the center line of the tunnel, the electromechanical device can be directly loaded on the corresponding section, the positioning problem of the electromechanical device is efficiently solved, and the electromechanical modeling time of the mountain tunnel is shortened.
(5) According to the specific modeling process, two plug-ins which are used for automatically picking up the central line and automatically lofting and fusing are compiled, and the efficiency of the mountain tunnel modeling method is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a modeling method according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a model diagram of a section of tunnel centerline;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a tunnel body created by lofting fusion;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of placement of an electromechanical device on a section of a target;
fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the establishment of a mountain tunnel model according to the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Examples
In the embodiment, the mountain tunnel is divided into two blocks of a Civil engineering model and an electromechanical model by determining some standards of BIM modeling of the mountain tunnel, various kinds of software such as AutoCAD, Civil 3D, Revit and the like are comprehensively applied, plug-ins are written, modeling efficiency is improved, and rapid and fine modeling of the mountain tunnel is realized.
Fig. 1 shows a fast refined BIM modeling method for mountain tunnels disclosed in the present invention. Firstly, determining the BIM modeling standard of a mountain tunnel by referring to the existing BIM modeling standard of municipal engineering; secondly, a tunnel center line is created in Civil 3D, the tunnel center line is led into Revit, and a contour family is loaded for lofting fusion to complete tunnel body Civil engineering modeling; splicing adjacent tunnel sections, adjusting the profile rotation angle, and shearing off the part with collision to ensure that the adjacent tunnel sections, the tunnel main body and the auxiliary structure are tightly spliced; the method comprises the steps of creating road assembly of a tunnel outline in Civil 3D, attaching the road assembly to a tunnel center line at required intervals, introducing Revit, loading an equipment model onto a target section and adjusting a rotation angle; for the more complicated part in the method, the automatic picking central line plug-in and the automatic lofting fusion plug-in are compiled, and the modeling efficiency is improved. The modeling method comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the BIM modeling standard of the mountain tunnel by referring to the existing BIM modeling standard:
before performing the BIM modeling of the mountain tunnel, the modeling standard is determined. For file naming, the form of "project number-phase number-model number (version) -date" is adopted; for view naming, adopting a rule browser organization; according to different specialties, the working sets are divided into 11 working sets such as civil air defense, dynamic illumination, shared elevation, shaft networks, structures, heating ventilation, embedded parts, water supply and drainage, decoration, communication, fire alarm, equipment monitoring and the like. For the view setting of the model, according to the concept of 'what you see is what you get' of CAD rollover, the key CAD graph needs to have a corresponding plane-elevation graph in the BIM model to correspond to the key CAD graph.
(2) The method comprehensively uses Revit and Civil 3D to perform Civil engineering modeling of mountain tunnels:
step 1: in Civil 3D, a way of creating a road is adopted, and CAD base drawings are picked up on a plane and a facade respectively to establish a space line, which is a tunnel center line. In order to determine the mileage on the center line of the tunnel, a way of creating a road label is adopted, and a new label is created by selecting a main stake number.
Step 2: the tunnel centerline is placed at the origin in Civil 3D and decomposed once into a set of blocks. And newly building a Revit metric system conventional model, importing a CAD base map, and importing a Civil 3D established tunnel center line into the Revit model to align the center line with the base map.
And step 3: and picking up the projection of the introduced tunnel center line by using the sample lines on the plane and the vertical surface respectively to form two complete projection lines. And respectively creating stretching in two vertical directions by taking the two projection lines as key edges, wherein the intersecting line of the two stretching is a space line which can be directly picked up, namely the required tunnel central line.
And 4, step 4: a metric profile is newly built in Revit, the section of the tunnel is divided into 14 parts, and the parts are respectively stored as a profile family. And (4) picking up the central line of the tunnel, loading the central line into the contour group, lofting and fusing to establish a tunnel model. In lofting fusion, example parameters of the profile corner are established so as to finely adjust the profile corner and realize the close splicing of two adjacent tunnel sections.
And 5: and (5) establishing models of auxiliary structures such as a transverse channel, a fan room and the like. When the auxiliary structure is spliced with the main tunnel, hollow stretching is established at the redundant part with collision, and the redundant part is cut off, so that the auxiliary structure and the main tunnel are tightly spliced.
(3) Electromechanical modeling of mountain tunnel in combination with Civil 3D fracture determination mode
Step 1: in Civil 3D, the contour of the tunnel cross section is established, parts are created from the multi-segment lines that make up the contour, and the parts are created as an assembly.
Step 2: and (3) adding the assembly to the tunnel center line prepared in the step (2), placing the assembly at fixed intervals according to the distance between adjacent devices, and encrypting the assembly at a required position, so that the section of the tunnel where the device is located can be determined.
And step 3: the tunnel centerline with the tunnel profile assembly is directed into Revit, the target section is directly picked up, and the work plane is set on the section.
And 4, step 4: and loading the electromechanical equipment on the working plane, setting the default equipment to be vertical to the plane in the radial direction, and manually adjusting the rotation angle of the equipment to enable the equipment to be tightly attached to the surface of the tunnel.
(4) Writing automation plug-in assisted manual modeling
When the civil modeling of the mountain tunnel is carried out in the step (2), the decomposed projection lines are manually picked, 14 parts of the tunnel section are respectively lofted and fused, and the manual modeling is assisted by writing plug-ins. The projection of the central line of the tunnel is decomposed into a broken line with unit length, and according to the idea of searching the nearest broken point in the selected area, a sample line is adopted to continuously connect each adjacent broken point to form a complete projection line. After 14 profile families of the tunnel section are established, the file path of the profile family appointed in the plug-in is modified, the central line of the tunnel is picked up, and then 14 lofting fusion can be completed to form a complete main body tunnel.
Taking a mountain tunnel as an example, a specific implementation procedure of the present invention is described. In Civil 3D, a route is first created by picking up a CAD base map in a way that creates a route from an object. Then, the route is selected, and a longitudinal section diagram is made to form a space curve. And (3) newly building a label in a command column of the main stub number, and selecting an AecTickLine label block to form the required tunnel center line with the label in Civil 3D. And decomposing the tunnel center line once to form a block set, and importing a Revit metric system conventional model. The tunnel is segmented according to different lining section forms, for each tunnel segment, the endpoints of each segment after decomposition are picked up by a sample line to form a complete line, and the line is essentially the projection of the central line of the tunnel segment on a reference plane. Similarly, a work plane is created perpendicular to the reference plane, on which a complete projection line is picked up. Stretching is established on the two vertical planes by taking the projection line as a main edge, and the stretched intersection line is a space line which can be directly picked up, namely the center line of the section of the tunnel, as shown in figure 2.
The tunnel section is disassembled into different parts according to the principle that contour lines can not be intersected and nested, such as an inner contour, an outer contour, a water collecting ditch, a right water collecting ditch and the like, and the parts are respectively stored as contour families. These contour families are loaded, the created segment of the tunnel centerline is picked up, and the loft fusion creates the tunnel body structure, as shown in fig. 3.
Because the main body structures of the tunnel sections are modeled respectively, untight splicing often occurs when two adjacent tunnel sections are spliced together. Therefore, in lofting fusion, example parameters of profile corners are respectively established for the profiles at the head end and the tail end and loaded into a project, and the numerical values of the example parameters are manually adjusted to realize the close splicing of adjacent tunnel sections. When the auxiliary structure is spliced on the main body tunnel, an actually nonexistent redundant part often appears at the adjacent part, for example, when the fan room is spliced on the main body tunnel. The measures are taken that a hollow model is generated by re-lofting and fusing at the place needing to be cut, and the hollow model is used for cutting the entity at the position of the redundant part and cutting the redundant entity.
As shown in fig. 4, the key to solving the modeling problem of mountain tunnel electromechanical devices is solving the device placement problem, including the placement location and the device orientation. The contour of the tunnel cross-section is established in Civil 3D and created as an assembly. This assembly is added to the road centerline, placed at a fixed distance, and encrypted at the desired location. The tunnel centre line with the tunnel profile assembly is guided into Revit, the target section is picked up directly and the working plane is set on the section. And finally, directly loading the electromechanical equipment onto the corresponding profile section, simplifying the three-dimensional problem into a two-dimensional problem, and manually adjusting the rotation angle of the equipment.
When the end points of each line segment after decomposition are picked up by the sample line to form the projection line, the length of each line segment after decomposition is 1 meter, so that manual picking is very complicated. And compiling plug-ins in the Revit API, and selecting line segments within a certain range to automatically generate projection lines. When the tunnel main body structure is established by lofting fusion, as the tunnel section is disassembled into a plurality of parts, the lofting fusion is required for a plurality of times, and the modeling workload is increased. And compiling a plug-in the Revit API, and inputting the position of the folder where the lofting outline is positioned, so that all lofting fusion of the tunnel segment can be directly completed.
Through the steps, the civil BIM model and the electromechanical BIM model of the mountain tunnel are spliced, and then the tunnel modeling can be completed. The tunnel two-segment BIM model after completion is shown in fig. 5. High modeling efficiency and realization of rapid and refined modeling of the mountain tunnel.
Claims (6)
1. A refined mountain tunnel BIM modeling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) determining a BIM modeling standard of the mountain tunnel, and determining a plan view and a vertical view of the CAD base map in the BIM model;
2) the method for performing Civil engineering modeling of the mountain tunnel by using Revit and Civil 3D specifically comprises the following steps:
21) in Civil 3D, a way of creating a road is adopted, CAD base drawings are picked up on a plane and a vertical plane respectively to establish space lines, and a tunnel center line in Civil 3D is generated;
22) attaching a road label every ten meters on a tunnel central line in Civil 3D for indicating mileage;
23) newly building a Revit metric system conventional model, introducing a CAD base map, placing a tunnel center line at an original point in Civil 3D, introducing Revit, and aligning the Revit with the tunnel center line of the CAD base map;
24) copying the center line of the tunnel led in Revit once, superposing the two tunnel center lines together, setting a working plane as a horizontal reference plane, and decomposing one tunnel center line into a block set once;
25) segmenting the mountain tunnel according to different cross section profiles of the mountain tunnel, and picking up small line segments in the range of each mountain tunnel in 24) by using a spline curve to generate the projection of the central line on the horizontal reference plane;
26) setting the working plane as a vertical reference plane, decomposing the other tunnel center line into a block set once, and picking up small line segments with unit length in the vertical reference plane by using a spline curve in the same way as in the step 25) to generate projection of the tunnel center line on the vertical reference plane;
27) respectively expanding the projections of the tunnel center line in a horizontal reference plane and a vertical reference plane to form a closed curve, wherein the projection line is a key edge of the closed curve, creating stretching according to the closed curve, and a curve obtained by intersecting the surfaces stretched by the key edge is the mountain tunnel center line;
28) newly building a metric profile in Revit, dividing the section of the tunnel into a plurality of parts and storing the parts as profile families respectively, picking up the central line of each section of the tunnel, loading the corresponding profile family of the tunnel, lofting and fusing to build each section of the main tunnel;
29) splicing all main tunnel sections, setting example parameters of profile corners, and splicing and aligning all adjacent tunnel sections;
210) establishing a model of an accessory structure of the mountain tunnel, splicing the model with the main tunnel, establishing a hollow model at the adjacent part of the accessory structure and the main tunnel, and cutting redundant parts;
3) the method is combined with a Civil 3D section determining mode to perform electromechanical modeling of mountain tunnels, and specifically comprises the following steps:
31) classifying the electromechanical equipment according to the types of the electromechanical equipment which are common in the mountain tunnel, and respectively finishing Revit modeling of electromechanical equipment family libraries in various large classes;
32) after the modeling work of each electromechanical device family library is completed, in Civil 3D, a contour line of the cross section of the tunnel is established, a part is established from a plurality of sections of lines forming the contour, and the part is established as an assembly;
33) adding tunnel contour line assemblies on the center line of the mountain tunnel created in the step 27), and adding the assemblies to the mileage sections where the electromechanical devices are located;
34) leading a tunnel center line with a tunnel contour assembly and a created electromechanical equipment family library into Revit, directly picking up a target section, and arranging a working plane on the target section;
35) and loading corresponding electromechanical equipment onto the working plane, and adjusting the rotation angle of the electromechanical equipment to enable the electromechanical equipment to be tightly attached to the surface of the tunnel, so that the spatial placement work of a large number of electromechanical equipment is completed.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 29), the instance parameters of the contour rotation angle are established during lofting fusion, so as to achieve close splicing between two adjacent main tunnel segments.
3. The BIM modeling method for the refined mountain tunnel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 210), when the auxiliary structure is spliced with the main tunnel, a hollow stretch is created in the collision redundant part, and the redundant part is cut off to realize a tight splice between the auxiliary structure and the main tunnel.
4. The refined mountain tunnel BIM modeling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 210), modeling work of a mountain tunnel civil engineering auxiliary structure BIM family library is completed, and the auxiliary structure comprises a cross passage, an underground fan room and a substation.
5. The refined mountain tunnel BIM modeling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the modeling criteria include file naming criteria, view naming criteria, working set settings and view settings.
6. The BIM modeling method for mountain tunnels as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 31), the electromechanical devices are classified into nine categories, namely, tunnel power supply and distribution, tunnel lighting system, tunnel ventilation system, fire alarm and tunnel fire protection, traffic control system, environment detection system, event detection system, emergency phone and broadcast system, and central control management system.
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