CN108560717B - 一种气承式多层膜建筑结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种气承式多层膜建筑结构,包括:独立膜、覆盖在独立膜上的保温结构、罩在保温结构上的气囊盖,气囊盖由若干个气囊构成,气囊包括:间隔朝向独立膜的内层膜、设于内层膜外侧的表层膜,保温结构安装在独立膜的外壁上,保温结构包含由内向外依次设置的至少两层保温层,每层保温层均由若干个保温板铺设构成,相邻两保温层中的保温板错缝安装,外层的保温层覆盖其内侧的保温层的接缝,气囊盖在固定网的约束下向内压迫保温结构,将保温结构全面覆盖并压紧在独立膜上。本发明具有保温性能和气密性能好、便于施工等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及气承式膜建筑结构技术领域,尤其涉及一种气承式多层膜建筑结构。
背景技术
气承式膜建筑指的是用特殊的建筑膜材做外壳,配备一套智能化的机电设备在气承式建筑内部提供空气的正压,把建筑主体支撑起来的一种建筑结构系统,由于其具备低成本、快安装、内部空间大等优点而被应用。
现有技术中已出现了结构多样的气承式膜建筑,例如公告号为CN206360088U的实用新型专利,其公开了一种气囊式建筑结构,包括:气囊、地面保温层、进排气机构,气囊内壁上设有一层保温板,保温板另一侧设有盖板。该建筑结构中将保温板安装在气囊的内壁上,虽然能达到较好的保温效果,但由于气囊鼓气升起之后室内高度大,高空作业存在一定的安全风险,工人在施工过程中需仰头固定保温板,实际操作起来很困难,并且,对保温板固定的施工要求非常高,否则保温板很难形成一个连续、无缝的覆盖面,且气囊建筑长时间使用后,保温板有可能掉落下来砸伤人或设备。
因此,如何设计一种保温效果好、便于施工的气承式膜建筑结构是业界亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述缺陷,本发明提出一种气承式多层膜建筑结构。
本发明采用的技术方案是,设计一种气承式多层膜建筑结构,包括:独立膜、覆盖在独立膜上的保温结构、罩在保温结构上的气囊盖,气囊盖由若干个气囊拼接构成,气囊包括:间隔朝向独立膜的内层膜、设于内层膜外侧的表层膜,保温结构安装在独立膜的外壁上。
保温结构包含由内向外依次设置的至少两层保温层,每层保温层均由若干个保温板铺设构成,相邻两保温层中的保温板错缝安装,外层的保温层覆盖其内侧的保温层的接缝。
保温结构的中轴线和独立膜的中轴线对齐,保温结构上朝向独立膜一面的若干区域为安装区,安装区位于保温结构的中轴线两侧,安装区与独立膜固定连接。
相邻两保温层中外层的保温层固定在其内侧的保温层上,最内层的保温层固定在独立膜的外壁上。
保温结构还包括:塑料膜,安装区外最内层的保温层贴附在塑料膜上。
气囊盖上覆盖有固定网,固定网的下端固定在地面上。
气囊盖和独立膜的下端均固定在地面上,气囊盖连接有充气集管和排气集管,充气集管连接有气囊充气设备。气囊盖由多个子气囊组成,每个子气囊均安装有充气支管和排气支管,充气支管连接在所述充气集管上,充气支管上设有充气止逆阀,排气支管连接在排气集管上,排气支管上设有排气电磁阀。独立膜连接有独立膜充气设备,独立膜充气设备通过至少一个伸入独立膜中的充气管给独立膜鼓风。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
1、保温结构设置在独立膜和气囊之间,便于保温结构的安装施工操作,独立膜表面呈完整、连续的光面,卫生程度提高,还便于在其上进行激光秀等作业;
2、保温结构由多层保温层,外层的保温层覆盖其内侧的保温层的接缝,有效提高气承式多层膜建筑结构的保温效果,气承式多层膜建筑的能耗低,大大扩展了其商业用途,如建造冰场、雪场、冷库、气调库以及寒冷地区的保温房等;
3、保温结构的中轴线部位固定在独立膜上,独立膜充气后保温结构的其他部分沿独立膜的曲面自行滑动调整,直至完全贴附在独立膜上,建筑结构紧凑、施工工艺简单;
4、气囊盖由若干个气囊拼接构成,气囊的表层膜两侧边缘有伸出的膜材以便于气囊建的连接,相邻两气囊连接后,其上又覆盖有防水粘布,以防止外部的雨雪进入气承式多层膜建筑内部;
5、气囊由若干个相互平行的独立空腔的子气囊组成,子气囊的内层膜长度略大于其上对应的表层膜,内层膜和表层膜的两端被牢固焊接;
6、气囊盖在固定网的约束下向内压迫保温结构,将保温结构全面覆盖并压紧在独立膜上;
7、气承式多层膜建筑结构由独立膜、保温结构、气囊盖组成,共有三层各自完整的膜布,气密性非常好,满足气密性要求高的应用,如气调冷库、需充注氧气的高原活动室等。
附图说明
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明进行详细说明,其中:
图1是本发明中气承式多层膜建筑结构的俯视示意图;
图2是图1中A-A的截面示意图;
图3是图2中B处采用热合机拼接的放大示意图;
图4是图2中B处采用连接件拼接的放大示意图;
图5是图1中B-B的截面示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1、2所示,本发明提出的气承式多层膜建筑结构,包括:独立膜1、气囊盖2、设于独立膜1和气囊盖2之间的保温结构3,保温结构3覆盖在独立膜上,气囊盖2罩在保温结构3的外侧。如图3所示,保温结构3包含至少两层保温层31,保温层31由内向外依次设置,每层保温层31均由若干个保温板311铺设构成,保温层31采用橡塑保温棉及其同类的柔性保温材料制作,相邻两保温层31中的保温板311错缝安装,其中,外层的保温层覆盖位于其内侧的保温层的接缝。
如图2、3、4所示,气囊盖2由若干个气囊21拼接构成,气囊21包括:内层膜211、表层膜212,内层膜211间隔朝向独立膜1,表层膜212设于内层膜211的外侧,表层膜212的两侧边缘有伸出膜,被用机械方法连接在一起。在本实施例中,气囊21由若干个相互平行的独立空腔的子气囊组成,子气囊的内层膜211长度略大于其上对应的表层膜212,内层膜211和表层膜212的两端被牢固焊接。
如图3所示,表层膜212的边缘有伸出的膜215,气囊21可采用采用两种方式拼接成气囊盖2,第一种是用热合机将两气囊21之间的上连接条215热合焊接。
如图4所示,第二种是两气囊21的表层膜212的边缘伸出膜215通过连接件4拼接固定,连接件4为一对夹板和穿过该对夹板的螺钉,以上连接条拼接为例,两个伸出膜215上下叠放后夹在该对夹板之间,再将螺钉穿过夹板进行固定。较优的,相邻两气囊21之间的上连接条215拼接处还设有覆盖在其外侧的防水粘布5,防水粘布5能美化气囊盖2的外观,同时也能对搭接处起到一定的密封作用。
如图1、5所示,搭建气囊建筑时,气囊盖2的下端固定在地面6上,气囊盖2连接有充气集管71和排气集管81,充气集管71连接有气囊充气设备7,每个子气囊均安装有充气支管和排气支管,充气支管连接在充气集管71上,排气支管连接在排气集管81上,充气支管上设有充气止逆阀72,排气支管上设有排气电磁阀82,充入气囊21内的气体可以是常温气体,也可以是来自室内的温度较低的排气。进一步的,气囊盖2上覆盖有固定网10,固定网10的下端固定在地面6上,固定网10可有效限制气囊盖2的膨胀形状及高度,提高气承式多层膜建筑的稳定性。
气囊盖2和独立膜1的下端都固定在地面6上,独立膜1连接有独立膜充气设备9,独立膜充气设备9通过至少一个伸入独立膜中的充气管91给独立膜1鼓风,独立膜充气设备9可为鼓风机等设备。充气设备向独立膜和气囊21充气,在固定网的作用下,气囊21向内压迫保温结构3,使其全面覆盖并紧贴独立膜1。气囊盖2除了充当空气保温层的作用外,充气后还具有柔性压板的作用,将其下面的保温结构3全面覆盖并压紧,且各处压力相等。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种气承式多层膜建筑结构,包括:独立膜、覆盖在所述独立膜上的保温结构、罩在所述保温结构上的气囊盖,三层各自完整;所述气囊盖连接有充气集管和排气集管,所述充气集管连接有气囊充气设备,所述气囊盖由若干个气囊拼接构成,所述气囊包括:朝向所述独立膜的内层膜、间隔设于所述内层膜外侧的表层膜、内层膜和表层膜的两端被牢固焊接,其特征在于,所述独立膜的表面呈完整、连续的光面,所述保温结构安装在所述独立膜的外壁上,所述气囊盖在固定网的约束下向内压迫保温结构,将保温结构全面覆盖并压紧在独立膜上。
2.如权利要求1所述的气承式多层膜建筑结构,其特征在于,所述保温结构包含由内向外依次设置的至少两层保温层,每层保温层均由若干个保温板铺设构成,相邻两保温层中的保温板错缝安装,外层的保温层覆盖其内侧的保温层的接缝。
3.如权利要求2所述的气承式多层膜建筑结构,其特征在于,所述保温结构的中轴线和独立膜的中轴线对齐,所述保温结构上朝向所述独立膜的一面设有安装区,所述安装区位于所述保温结构的中轴线上,且安装区与所述独立膜固定连接。
4.如权利要求3所述的气承式多层膜建筑结构,其特征在于,相邻两保温层中外层的保温层固定在其内侧的保温层上,最内层的保温层固定在所述独立膜的外壁上。
5.如权利要求4所述的气承式多层膜建筑结构,其特征在于,所述保温结构还包括:塑料膜,最内层的保温层贴附在所述塑料膜上。
6.如权利要求1至5任一项所述的气承式多层膜建筑结构,其特征在于,所述表层膜的边缘设有伸出膜,相邻两气囊之间的伸出膜分别拼接固定。
7.如权利要求1所述的气承式多层膜建筑结构,其特征在于,所述气囊盖上覆盖有固定网,所述固定网的下端固定在地面上。
8.如权利要求7所述的气承式多层膜建筑结构,其特征在于,所述气囊盖和独立膜的下端均固定在地面上;
所述气囊内的内层膜的长度大于表层膜且每隔一段距离就被焊接在一起,形成多个相互平行的子气囊,每个子气囊均安装有充气支管和排气支管,所述充气支管连接在所述充气集管上,所述充气支管上设有充气止逆阀,所述排气支管连接在排气集管上,所述排气支管上设有排气电磁阀;
所述独立膜连接有独立膜充气设备,所述独立膜充气设备通过至少一个伸入独立膜中的充气管给独立膜鼓风。
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