CN108558948A - 一种含双磷杂环戊二烯稠环有机电致发光化合物及其合成方法 - Google Patents
一种含双磷杂环戊二烯稠环有机电致发光化合物及其合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 46
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6568—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/65685—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus atoms as the only ring hetero atoms the ring phosphorus atom being part of a phosphine oxide or thioxide
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含有双磷杂环戊二烯稠环有机电致发光化合物及其合成方法,属于有机磷电致发光材料领域。该类化合物具有式I所示的结构通式,其中E为O或S,π共轭基团为苯基或者噻吩等。本发明化合物可以作为有机电致发光器件的发光层应用于电致发光器件,通过对磷原子进行简单化学修饰和改变π‑共轭基团可以有效改变器件的发光性能,实现从蓝光到黄光的调控;该类化合物热稳定性好,顺反异构体器件性质几乎无差别,具有很好的电荷注入和传输能力,可以显著提高相应有机电致发光器件的效率和寿命。I。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机电致发光材料领域,具体涉及一种含双磷杂环有机电致发光化合物,尤其涉及一种含有双磷杂环戊二烯稠环有机电致发光化合物、合成方法及其应用。
背景技术
有机电致发光器件具有自发光、宽视角、低能耗、效率高、薄、色彩丰富、响应速度快、适用温度范围广、低驱动电压、可制作柔性可弯曲与透明的显示面板以及环境友好等独特优点,可以应用在平板显示器和新一代照明上,也可以作为LCD的背光源。有机电致发光器件已经在产业上有较为广泛的应用,如作为相机和手机等屏幕。但是目前应用于有机电致发光器件的有机材料仍存在一些问题:如热稳定性低,载流子传输不平衡,以及聚集荧光淬灭效应使得固态薄膜状态时发光效率较低等,这些都制约着有机电致发光器件的发展,造成OLED器件效率低,使用寿命短,严重阻碍其更广泛的应用,特别是大屏幕显示器,因此,为了使有机电致发光材料得到更广泛的应用,需要开发稳定高效的新型材料。
主族元素经常被引入到平面π-共轭分子中并得到有趣的光学性质和电子结构,比如高的荧光量子产率,荧光颜色的调控,高的电荷转移能力,这些影响归因于这些原子固有的电子性质和化学多样性。含膦类有机光电材料一般具有较低的LUMO轨道能级,有利于提高发光材料的电子传输和注入能力(Acc.Chem.Res.,2014,47,1613~1622),保证发光层的电荷传输平衡,提高相应有机电致发光器件的亮度、效率以及寿命等,近年来,含磷杂环电致发光器件发展迅速(Org.Lett.,2015,15,330~333;J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2012,134,6524~6527;J.Mater.Chem.,2012,22,10684~10694),而稠环类化合物具有近似二维平面结构,并且可以通过改变环个数调控分子的光学性质,并且这种刚性结构能够有效增加分子发光效率和稳定性。将磷杂环结构引入到稠环共轭体系中,并进一步研究其潜在的性能将会成为以后功能材料发展的主要目标。
发明内容
根据目前的技术现状,本发明目的在于提供一系列热稳定性好、荧光量子产率高、发光纯度高的含有双磷杂环戊二烯稠环有机电致发光化合物;另一目的在于提供其制备方法和在光电材料方面的应用。
为实现本发明目的,本发明将磷杂环戊二烯结构引入到三亚苯[a,c,j,l]均五苯(化合物VII)π-共轭体系,提高电子传输和注入能力,另外,由于磷中心原子特有的四面体结构,使分子无法形成有效的π-π堆积,无法产生聚集淬灭效应,从而提高相应有机电致发光器件的效率,改善有机电致发光器件的寿命。目前该类化合物尚未见相关研究报道。
本发明所述的含有双磷杂环戊二烯稠环有机电致发光化合物,其结构式为:
其中E为O或者S;R为H,OMe,CF3等;π环为苯环,噻吩环,苯并噻吩环等。
所述的含双磷杂环戊二烯稠环有机电致发光共轭分子的合成路线如下:
具体步骤如下:
(a)在氮气保护下,反应瓶依次加入1,4-二溴-2,5-二碘苯,三乙胺,三甲基硅乙炔,二氯二(三苯基膦)钯,碘化亚铜,室温下反应过夜,处理反应体系得化合物III
(b)在氮气保护下,反应瓶中加入化合物III,四氢呋喃,乙醚,将反应体系降温至-75℃~-80℃,向反应体系滴加含有正丁基锂的正己烷溶液,滴加完毕,-75℃~-80℃保温,然后将上述体系滴加到-75℃~-80℃的含苯基二氯化磷的无水乙醚溶液中,自行恢复室温反应过夜,处理反应体系的化合物IV。
(c)反应瓶中加入化合物IV,然后加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,空气氛围中加热反应过夜,处理反应体系得化合物V。
(d)氮气保护下,反应瓶中加入化合物V,然后加入化合物VI,依次加入二氯乙烷,六氟磷酸银,邻四氯苯醌,醋酸钯,60℃~70℃反应过夜,处理反应体系得最终产品化合物氧化物I-O,I-O通过与劳森试剂反应得到最终产品硫化物I-S。
所述的含有双磷杂环戊二烯稠环有机电致发光化合物可用于制备有机电致发光器件。该有机电致发光器件为多层结构,器件结构设置依次为阳极基板、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层以及阴极金属层;将本发明所述含有双磷杂环戊二烯稠环有机电致发光化合物I作为发光层材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明含有双磷杂环戊二烯稠环有机电致发光化合物的优点如下:
(1)本发明结构I所示的化合物含有双磷杂环戊二烯结构,有效地降低了共轭体系的LUMO轨道,提高了有机发光层电子注入和传输能力,同时由于磷中心四面体结构的存在有效阻碍了分子间的堆积效应。此外,还可以通过对磷原子进行简单化学修饰对器件的发光性能进行调控,并且可以通过π芳香环的改变,从而改变器件电致发光的发射波长,发射波长可以实现从蓝光到黄色的调控。
(2)结构I所示有机电致发光化合物具有很好的电荷注入和传输能力,能显著提高相应有机电致发光器件的效率;具有良好的热稳定性能,可以有效延长相应有机电致发光器件的使用寿命,以该化合物作为发光层的发光器件具有效率高的优点,并且顺反异构体器件性质几乎无差别。
(3)合成方法路线简洁、后处理简单、适合工业化生产,收率达80%以上。
附图说明
图1为本发明化合物Ia、Ib、Ic、Id在二氯甲烷中的荧光发射图谱;从图中可以看出,通过改变π-取代基团和磷的不同修饰,荧光发射可以实现从蓝光到黄光范围的调控。
图2为本发明化合物Ia、Ib、Ic Id的热重分析图;从图中可以看出,化合物Ia、Ib、Ic明显失重温度都在450℃以上,说明该类化合物具有较好的热稳定性;
图3为有机电致发光器件结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更详细叙述本发明,特举以下例子,但是不限于此。
实施例1化合物I a的合成
(1)化合物III的合成
氮气保护下,加入化合物II 4.85g,三甲基硅乙炔2.50g,三乙胺50ml,碘化亚铜100mg,二氯二(三苯基膦)钯150mg,封闭反应体系,室温下搅拌过夜,气相检测反应进程,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去三乙胺,以正己烷洗脱剂过洗脱柱,旋干得粗品,硅胶柱层析得纯品,白色固体3.2g,产率80%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ=0.08(s,18H),7.65(s,2H).
(2)化合物IV的合成
氮气保护下,加入化合物Ⅲ4.25g,随后加入无水四氢呋喃20ml,无水乙醚20ml,将体系降温至-75℃~-80℃,逐滴加入6.3ml含有1.6M正丁基锂的正己烷溶液,滴加完毕后在-75℃~-80℃反应1小时(体系1),另取一反应瓶,加入20ml无水乙醚和2.0g苯基二氯化磷,并降温至-75℃~-80℃(体系2),将体系1的溶液加入到体系2中,并保温10分钟,自行恢复室温继续反应2小时,向体系中加入50ml水。用乙酸乙酯与水萃取反应体系,旋干得粗品,硅胶柱层析得纯品,黄色固体4.4g,产率85%。
31P{1H}NMR(162Hz,CDCl3),δ=15.6;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ=0.08(s,18H),7.35-7.50(m,6H),7.57-7.59(m,2H),7.55-7.77(m,4H),8.25(d,JPH=496.5Hz,2PH).
(3)化合物V的合成
反应瓶中加入化合物IV5.2g,加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺100ml,敞口110℃~120℃条件下反应过夜,反应结束后,用乙酸乙酯与水萃取反应,旋干得粗品,硅胶柱层析得纯品,浅蓝色固体3.4g(包括顺式结构1.6g,反式结构1.8g),产率91%。顺31P{1H}NMR(121MHz,CDCl3)δ=41.1;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ=6.81-6.96(m,4H),7.32-7.47(m,2H),7.33-7.45(m,6H),7.50-7.53(m,4H).
反31P{1H}NMR(121MHz,CDCl3)δ=42.2;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ=6.84-7.06(m,4H),7.22-7.37(m,2H),7.39-7.55(m,6H),7.59-7.64(m,4H).
(4)化合物Ia的合成
氮气保护下,加入化合物2,2'-二溴联苯3.1g,无水四氢呋喃50ml,将体系降温至-75℃~-80℃,逐滴加入6.3ml含有1.6M正丁基锂的正己烷溶液,滴加完毕后在-78℃反应1小时,随后加入1.3g二甲基二氯硅烷,保温10分钟,自行恢复室温并继续反应2h。反应结束后,用乙酸乙酯与水萃取反应,旋干得粗品,硅胶柱层析得纯品,白色固体1.8g,总产率87%。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ=0.70(s,6H),7.25-7.29(m,4H),7.31-7.32(m,4H).
氮气保护下,反应瓶中加入化合物V 3.7g,然后加入化合物VIa 6.2g,依次加入二氯乙烷20ml,六氟磷酸银2.5g,邻四氯苯醌5g,醋酸钯0.2g,65℃~75℃回流反应过夜,处理反应体系得最终产品化合物Ia。硅胶柱层析得纯品,绿色固体。顺式结构5.6g,产率83%,反式5.9g,产率89%。
顺31P{1H}NMR(121MHz,CDCl3)δ=41.0;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.33-7.50(m,6H),7.60-7.73(m,14H),8.09-8.12(m,4H),8.88-8.91(m,4H).
反31P{1H}NMR(121MHz,CDCl3)δ=42.9;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.23-7.30(m,2H),7.31-7.53(m,4H),7.67-7.78(m,14H),8.19-8.22(m,4H),8.80-8.95(m,4H).
实施例2化合物Ib的合成
氮气保护下,反应瓶中加入化合物V 3.7g,然后加入化合物VIb 6.2g,依次加入二氯乙烷20ml,六氟磷酸银2.5g,邻四氯苯醌5g,醋酸钯0.2g,70-80℃回流反应过夜,处理反应体系得最终产品化合物I。硅胶柱层析得纯品,绿色固体。顺式结构5.9g,产率85%,反式5.7g,产率82%。
顺31P{1H}NMR(121MHz,CDCl3)δ=40.7;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ=6.90-7.16(m,4H),7.22-7.37(m,4H),7.50-7.78(m,16H).
反31P{1H}NMR(121MHz,CDCl3)δ=39.1;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ=6.80-7.06(m,4H),7.25-7.39(m,4H),7.45-7.50(m,10H),7.50-7.78(m,6H).
VIb采用Via化合物的方法合成,用3,3'-二溴-2,2'-联噻吩替代2,2'-二溴联苯。
实施例3化合物Ic的合成
反应瓶中加入化合物Ia(顺)6.7g,然后加入无水甲苯20ml,劳森试剂15.0g,85-95℃反应过夜,硅胶柱层析得纯品,黄色固体顺式5.8g,产率83%,反式6.3g,产率89%。
顺31P{1H}NMR(121MHz,CDCl3)δ=45.0;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.30-7.52(m,6H),7.70-7.72(m,2H),7.67-7.83(m,12H),8.19-8.22(m,4H),8.78-8.92(m,4H).
反31P{1H}NMR(121MHz,CDCl3)δ=45.9;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.23-7.30(m,2H),7.31-7.53(m,4H),7.67-7.78(m,14H),8.19-8.22(m,4H),8.80-8.95(m,4H).
实施例4化合物Id的合成
反应瓶中加入化合物Ib(顺)7.0g,然后加入无水甲苯20ml,劳森试剂15.0g,85℃~95℃反应过夜,硅胶柱层析得纯品,黄色固体顺式6.2g,产率85%,反式5.7g产率81%。
顺31P{1H}NMR(121MHz,CDCl3)δ=47.7;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ=6.80-7.06(m,4H),7.10-7.17(m,2H),7.21-7.36(m,4H),7.40-7.79(m,14H).
反31P{1H}NMR(121MHz,CDCl3)δ=45.1;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ=6.77-7.00(m,4H),7.24-7.29(m,4H),7.43-7.54(m,10H),7.51-7.75(m,6H).
应用例OLED材料的制备和性能测定
制成OLED材料,其结构见图3,器件结构为ITO/MoO3(1nm)(HIL)/1,3-bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene(mCP)(60nm)(HTL)/mCP:emitter(10%,10nm)/1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene(TPBi)(40nm)(ETL)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm)。
OLED器件的制作和测试:
氧化铟锡(ITO)玻璃基片采用超声清洗器,依次用洗涤剂,去离子水,丙酮,异丙醇超声清洗15min,之后在纯净干燥的N2流下吹干。然后,基板转移到真空热蒸发室进一步除去表面污渍。1nm MoO3和60nm mCP分别作为空穴注入层和空穴传输层。mCP和质量百分含量10%emitters(产品)共蒸镀作为发射层,40nm厚的1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazole-2-yl)benzene(TPBi)作为电子传输层,阴极由LiF(1nm)和Al(100nm)相继沉淀构成。
器件电致发光性能由软件控制的Keithley 2400source meter和Topcon BM-7ALuminance Colorimeter测定,电致发光光谱由Lab sphere CDS-610测定。所有的器件在制作后立即进行特性测试,并且器件没有进行密封操作。
OLEDs器件性能
a1cd/m2时的驱动电压,b最大功率效率,c最大电流效率,d最大外量子产率.
从上表可以看出,随着分子上取代基团的改变,电致发光最大发射波长可以实现从蓝光到黄光的调控,并且顺式和反式结构电致发光性质几乎无差别,完全可以作为混合物用于器件中,器件均表现出很高的外量子产率和优良的性能,因此可以看出,本发明化合物制备的有机电致发光器件具有高发光的效率。
Claims (3)
1.一种含有双磷杂环戊二烯稠环有机电致发光化合物,其特征在于,结构如式I所示:
其中,E为O或者S;R为H,OMe,CF3;π环为苯环,噻吩环,苯并噻吩环。
2.如权利要求1所述的含有双磷杂环戊二烯稠环有机电致发光化合物,其特征在于,E为O或者S;R为H;π环为苯环,噻吩环。
3.合成如权利要求1所述的含双磷杂环戊二烯稠环有机电致发光化合物的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(a)在氮气保护下,反应瓶依次加入1,4-二溴-2,5-二碘苯,三乙胺,三甲基硅乙炔,二氯二(三苯基膦)钯,碘化亚铜,室温下反应过夜,处理反应体系得化合物III;
(b)在氮气保护下,反应瓶中加入化合物III,四氢呋喃,乙醚,将反应体系降温至-78℃~-80℃,向反应体系滴加含有正丁基锂的正己烷溶液,滴加完毕,-78℃~-80℃保温,然后将上述体系滴加到-78℃~-80℃的含苯基二氯化磷的无水乙醚溶液中,自行恢复室温反应过夜,处理反应体系得化合物IV;
(c)反应瓶中加入化合物IV,然后加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,空气氛围中加热反应过夜,处理反应体系得化合物V;
(d)氮气保护下,反应瓶中加入化合物V,然后加入化合物VI,依次加入二氯乙烷,六氟磷酸银,邻四氯苯醌,醋酸钯,60℃~70℃反应过夜,处理反应体系得最终产品氧化物I-O,I-O通过与劳森试剂反应得到最终产品硫化物I-S;
E为O或者S;R为H,OMe,CF3;π环为苯环,噻吩环,苯并噻吩环。
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CN109096337B (zh) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-11-22 | 苏州大学 | 一种磷杂吲哚衍生物、苯并磷杂吲哚衍生物及其制备方法 |
CN110483576A (zh) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-11-22 | 宁波卢米蓝新材料有限公司 | 一种含膦稠杂环化合物及其制备方法和用途 |
CN110483576B (zh) * | 2019-09-25 | 2022-03-18 | 宁波卢米蓝新材料有限公司 | 一种含膦稠杂环化合物及其制备方法和用途 |
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