CN108558465B - Morchella exogenous nutrient material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Morchella exogenous nutrient material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108558465B CN108558465B CN201810673762.6A CN201810673762A CN108558465B CN 108558465 B CN108558465 B CN 108558465B CN 201810673762 A CN201810673762 A CN 201810673762A CN 108558465 B CN108558465 B CN 108558465B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a morchella exogenous nutrient material which comprises 20-50 parts of corn particles and 50-80 parts of wheat bran. The invention also provides a preparation method of the nutrient material, which comprises the steps of weighing the raw materials according to the formula of the morchella exogenous nutrient material, uniformly mixing, adding water, boiling and cooling. When the nutrient is applied to morel planting, the exogenous nutrient for morel is uniformly and point-applied to a land where morel is sown for 7-15 days, wherein the amount of the dried nutrient is 0.3-0.4 kg per square meter. The invention changes the wheat with higher price into the corn and wheat bran with lower price, greatly reduces the cost, does not need high-temperature sterilization and bagging, has simple preparation method and short time, reduces the production cost and the working procedures, and avoids the pollution of plastic bags to the environment and the energy loss of plastic bag production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of morel strain planting, in particular to a morel exogenous nutrient material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The morchella is a rare edible fungus variety, has delicious taste and high nutritive value and medicinal value. The key technology of the cultivation and production of morchella at the present stage is to place exogenous nutrition bags after sowing to ensure the normal growth of morchella, and 1500-1800 nutrition bags are generally needed in each mu of land. The production process of the nutrition bag comprises the steps of stirring the raw materials of wheat grains, wood chips, gypsum and the like according to a proportion, then filling the mixture into a bag, then carrying out high-pressure sterilization by a steamer, and cooling the bag for use. The main raw material of the nutrition bag is wheat grains, each bag needs 150-200 g of wheat, sterilization is usually performed for 6 hours at 121 ℃ under high pressure or 24 hours at 100 ℃ under normal pressure, the production process is long, the requirement on facility equipment is high, energy consumption is large, the direct cost of each mu of nutrition bag is over 1200 yuan, and the profit margin of morchella esculenta is directly reduced.
The cultivation area of the morchella in 2017 years in China reaches more than 7 ten thousand mu, more than 600 jin of wheat is used in each mu of land, the use amount of the wheat in China reaches more than 4200 jin of wheat, and great loss is caused to the wheat in China. Moreover, each nutrition bag needs to be packaged by a plastic bag, so that the environment is polluted. The nutrition bag also needs to be recycled after being used, and the labor cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of high manufacturing and using cost, long manufacturing process, wheat waste, environmental pollution and manpower loss of the morchella esculenta nutrition bag, the invention provides the morchella esculenta exogenous nutrition material.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the exogenous morchella nutrition material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of corn particles and 50-80 parts of wheat bran.
The invention changes the wheat with higher price into the corn and the wheat bran with lower price, thereby greatly reducing the cost. The corn and the wheat bran contain nutrient substances required by morchella production, and the corn and the wheat bran provided by the invention have reasonable proportion, so that the requirement of the morchella on nutrition can be better met. After the morchella is mature and harvested, the nutrient material can directly rot and enter the soil in the cultivation soil, does not cause environmental pollution, and can increase the fertility of the soil at the same time so as to be beneficial to secondary planting.
Preferably, the grain size of the corn particles is 2-5 mm, so that the nutrient components in the corn particles are more effectively and completely released.
Preferably, the raw materials also comprise a nutritional additive, wherein the nutritional additive comprises at least one of poplar branch scraps, willow branch scraps, corncobs, soybean meal, straws, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium bicarbonate, and the dosage of the nutritional additive is 1-3 parts, so that more nutritional supplements are provided for the growth of morchella esculenta.
Preferably, the particle sizes of the poplar branch scraps, the willow branch scraps, the corncobs and the straws are 2-5 mm, so that the release of nutritional ingredients in the poplar branch scraps, the willow branch scraps, the corncobs and the straws is ensured, and the particle sizes are easier to mix uniformly.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the morchella exogenous nutrient material, which comprises the following steps:
step a, weighing raw materials according to the formula of the morchella exogenous nutrient material, and uniformly mixing;
and b, adding water into the uniformly mixed raw materials, boiling and cooling to obtain the finished product.
The preparation method provided by the invention has simple procedures, changes the material mixing, bagging, sterilization and cooling of the traditional nutrition bag into the prior material mixing, cooking and cooling, simplifies the sterilization process which needs to be carried out for 8-12 hours into the water cooking of 15-30 minutes, reduces the use of fuel, obviously shortens the preparation time and reduces the production cost. In addition, the preparation method provided by the invention does not need bagging, reduces the production cost, saves the production procedures, and avoids the pollution of the plastic bag to the environment and the energy loss in the production of the plastic bag.
Preferably, the amount of the water used in the step b is 15 to 20 times of the weight of the raw materials, so as to ensure that the raw materials can be completely immersed in the water.
The boiling time is 15-30 min, and the raw materials can be completely heated to be mature and softened by the boiling time, so that the nutrient components beneficial to growth of the morchella can be fully released as far as possible after the raw materials are applied, and the growth of the morchella is promoted.
The cooling is natural cooling to 15-25 ℃, and the temperature does not need additional heat preservation and is suitable for the growth environment of the morchella.
The invention also provides an application of the morchella exogenous nutrient material in morchella planting, and the application method comprises the following steps:
the Morchella esculenta exogenous nutrient material is uniformly and point-applied to a land where Morchella esculenta is sown for 7-15 days, wherein the amount of the dried material is 0.3-0.4 kg per square meter.
The application method is simple to use, and the problems that the traditional nutrition bag needs to be packaged by a plastic bag and recycled after use, and the plastic bag pollutes the environment are solved. After 7-15 days of morchella seeding, morchella hypha grows to be exposed out of the soil, and after the exogenous nutrient material is applied, the nutrient material can provide nutrients for morchella and gradually decay into the soil to increase the fertility of the soil. After the morchella is picked, the rotten and buried nutrient materials can still provide nutrient materials for morchella or other crops for subsequent planting.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a morchella exogenous nutrient material which comprises 20 parts of corn particles and 50 parts of wheat bran. Wherein the grain diameter of the corn grains is 2-5 mm.
The preparation method of the nutrient material comprises the following steps:
step a, weighing raw materials according to the formula of the morchella exogenous nutrient material, and uniformly mixing;
and b, adding water which is 15 times of the weight of the raw materials into the uniformly mixed raw materials, boiling for 15min, and cooling to 16 ℃ to obtain the finished product.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a morchella exogenous nutrient material which comprises 50 parts of corn particles and 80 parts of wheat bran. Wherein the grain diameter of the corn grains is 2-5 mm.
The preparation method of the nutrient material comprises the following steps:
step a, weighing raw materials according to the formula of the morchella exogenous nutrient material, and uniformly mixing;
and b, adding water which is 20 times of the weight of the raw materials into the uniformly mixed raw materials, boiling for 20min, and cooling to 20 ℃ to obtain the finished product.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a morchella exogenous nutrient material which comprises 50 parts of corn particles, 46 parts of wheat bran, 1.5 parts of poplar branch scraps and 1.5 parts of willow branch scraps. Wherein the grain diameters of the corn particles, the poplar branch scraps and the willow branch scraps are all 2-5 mm.
The preparation method of the nutrient material comprises the following steps:
step a, weighing raw materials according to the formula of the morchella exogenous nutrient material, and uniformly mixing;
and b, adding water which is 18 times of the weight of the raw materials into the uniformly mixed raw materials, boiling for 25min, and cooling to 18 ℃ to obtain the finished product.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a morchella exogenous nutrient material which comprises 20 parts of corn particles, 50 parts of wheat bran, 0.5 part of poplar branch scraps, 0.5 part of willow branch scraps, 1 part of corncobs and 1 part of sodium dihydrogen phosphate. Wherein the particle sizes of the corn particles, the poplar branch scraps, the willow branch scraps and the corncobs are all 2-5 mm.
The preparation method of the nutrient material comprises the following steps:
step a, weighing raw materials according to the formula of the morchella exogenous nutrient material, and uniformly mixing;
and b, adding water which is 17 times of the weight of the raw materials into the uniformly mixed raw materials, boiling for 30min, and cooling to 15 ℃ to obtain the finished product.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a morchella exogenous nutrient material which comprises 50 parts of corn particles, 80 parts of wheat bran, 0.2 part of corncobs, 0.2 part of soybean meal, 0.4 part of straws and 0.2 part of calcium bicarbonate. Wherein the particle sizes of the corn particles, the poplar branch scraps, the willow branch scraps and the corncobs are all 2-5 mm.
The preparation method of the nutrient material comprises the following steps:
step a, weighing raw materials according to the formula of the morchella exogenous nutrient material, and uniformly mixing;
and b, adding water which is 16 times of the weight of the raw materials into the uniformly mixed raw materials, boiling for 20min, and cooling to 25 ℃ to obtain the finished product.
Example 6
The embodiment provides application of the morchella exogenous nutrient material in morchella planting.
Uniformly and spot-applying the exogenous toadstool nutrient material obtained in the embodiment 1-5 on a land where the toadstool is sowed for 10 days according to the dosage of 0.35kg of dry material per square meter.
The exogenous morchella nutrition material obtained in the embodiments 1-5 of the invention is used for morchella planting, and compared with the traditional nutrition bag, the production cost of the nutrition material and the growth condition of morchella, the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
According to the results, the raw material cost per mu of the morchella exogenous nutrient material provided by the embodiment of the invention is only reduced to 1/5-1/4 of that of the traditional nutrient bag, the preparation time is greatly shortened, and the yield per mu is obviously improved. In addition, the morchella exogenous nutrient material provided by the embodiment of the invention is convenient to use, does not need to be bagged and recycled, and does not cause environmental pollution due to excessive use of plastic bags.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The morchella exogenous nutrient material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of corn particles and 50-80 parts of wheat bran; the preparation method of the morchella exogenous nutrient material comprises the following steps:
step a, weighing raw materials according to the formula of the morchella exogenous nutrient material, and uniformly mixing;
b, adding water into the uniformly mixed raw materials, boiling and cooling to obtain the finished product;
the morchella exogenous nutrient material is applied to a land where morchella is sown for 7-15 days.
2. The morchella exogenous nutrient material according to claim 1, wherein the grain diameter of the corn grains is 2-5 mm.
3. The morchella exogenous nutrient material according to claim 1, wherein the raw material further comprises a nutrient additive, the nutrient additive comprises at least one of poplar branch scraps, willow branch scraps, corncobs, soybean meal, straws, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium bicarbonate, and the dosage of the nutrient additive is 1-3 parts.
4. The morchella exogenous nutrient material according to claim 3, wherein the particle size of the poplar branch scraps, willow branch scraps, corncobs and straws is 2-5 mm.
5. The exogenous morchella nutrition material of claim 1, wherein the amount of water used in step b is 15-20 times of the weight of the raw materials.
6. The exogenous morchella nutrition material according to claim 1, wherein the boiling time in the step b is 15-30 min.
7. The exogenous nutrient material for morchella vulgaris according to claim 1, wherein the cooling in the step b is natural cooling to 15-25 ℃.
8. The application of the morchella exogenous nutrient material in morchella planting is characterized in that the application method comprises the following steps:
uniformly and spot-applying the exogenous nutrient material for morchella as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 on a land where morchella is sown for 7 to 15 days, wherein the amount of the exogenous nutrient material is 0.3 to 0.4kg per square meter.
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109593006A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-09 | 北京三聚绿能科技有限公司 | A kind of edible mushroom conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN110050635A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-07-26 | 福建省南平市农业科学研究所 | A method of hickory chick is cultivated using sweet potato |
| CN112021073A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-12-04 | 冉永红 | Morchella esculenta external aid nutrition bag ingredient, nutrition bag and preparation method thereof |
| CN111727808B (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2022-02-01 | 平泉市希才应用菌科技发展有限公司 | Lentinus edodes strain and cultivation method and application thereof |
| CN112266290A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-01-26 | 上海健康医学院 | Nutrition package for morchella planting and preparation method thereof |
| CN113024295A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-06-25 | 王永军 | Morchella esculenta external aid nutrition granule and preparation method and adding method thereof |
| CN113615476A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-09 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Cultivation method of morchella |
| CN114158423A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-03-11 | 何章义 | Low-cost morchella esculenta external-aid nutrient material and preparation method and application method thereof |
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