CN108558426A - 一种增强人造石墨接头的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于石墨电极技术领域,具体涉及一种增强人造石墨接头的制备方法,该方法的主要步骤为取料、加热、混捏、挤压、焙烧、石墨化。采用本发明方法最终制得的产品人造石墨接头具有抗弯强度高、抗压强度高、电阻率低、热膨胀系数低的特点,大大降低了超高功率电弧炉炼钢中石墨接头的折断造成的炼钢事故,降低了用户的生产成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于石墨电极技术领域,具体涉及一种增强人造石墨接头的制备方法。
背景技术
传统的人造石墨接头由针状焦、石油焦、煤沥青为原料经过配料、混捏、成型、焙烧、浸渍、石墨化、机加工形成,供炼钢电弧炉作为导电材料。石墨接头的抗折强度是衡量导电电极柱质量的关键指标,炼钢中出现的石墨导电柱的折断问题,其80%以上是由于石墨接头的强度低造成的。抗折强度低的石墨接头在炼钢中容易折断,造成炼钢事故,影响钢厂生产,增加钢厂成本。传统的石墨接头材料组成:焦炭质量百分比大约为80%,煤沥青质量百分比大约为20%制备的材料力学性能较小,在大电流冶炼的电弧炉上使用时,容易因石墨接头的机械强度不足造成石墨导电柱折断,造成炼钢事故。而且,传统的生产工艺方法是采用多次浸渍和焙烧工艺,周期长,成本高。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种增强人造石墨接头的制备方法,该方法制得的石墨接头强度高、导电性好。
本发明所采用的技术方案为:
增强人造石墨接头的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
包括以下步骤:
1)按比例取各原料;
2)将针状焦破碎、筛分、磨粉;
3)将沥青基碳纤维用分散剂分散处理,形成均匀分散的碳纤维预制料;
4)将针状焦和碳纤维预制料混合加热至180~200℃;
5)将步骤4)加热后的原料送入混捏机,加入改质沥青、晶胀抑制剂、增塑剂进行混捏制得糊料;
6)将步骤5)制得的糊料送入挤压机成型,制得成型品;
7)将步骤6)制得的压型品装入匣钵,进行焙烧得到一烧品;
8)将步骤7)得到的一烧品进行外壳清理,然后进行浸渍得到浸渍品;
9)将步骤8)的浸渍品进行焙烧得到二烧品;
10)将步骤9)的二烧品首尾相连进行石墨化得到石墨化品;
11)对将步骤10)的石墨化品进行加工,制得规定要求的石墨接头。
所述步骤5)中混捏温度控制在160~180℃,混捏时间30~50分钟。
所述步骤6)中成型压力1800~2000吨,成型温度125~135℃,压型品密度1.85~1.88g/cm3。
所述步骤7)中焙烧时升温速度控制在2~10℃/h,升温至1000℃,然后逐步降温冷却至250℃出炉。
所述步骤8)中浸渍温度300~350℃,浸渍压力1.5MPa。
所述步骤9)中升温速度控制在5~15℃/h,升温至1000℃,然后逐步降温冷却至250℃出炉。
所述步骤10)中石墨化温度3000~3100℃,然后逐步降温冷却至250℃出炉。
所述步骤1)中原料的质量份数组成为:针状焦73~79份、改质沥青21~27份、增塑剂0.4~0.6份、晶胀抑制剂0.5~0.8份和沥青基碳纤维,沥青基碳纤维的用量为其他原料总和的2-5 wt %。
所述沥青基碳纤维的要求为:长度4~6mm、密度1.95~2.0g/cm3、模量160~190GPa、抗拉强度2200 ~2400MPa。
所述增塑剂为硬脂酸或油酸,所述晶胀抑制剂为氧化铁粉或铬氧化物。
碳纤维是含碳量高于90%的无机高分子纤维,其微观结构类似人造石墨,具有质量轻、强度高、耐高温、导电、抗疲劳、抗蠕变等特点,本发明的研发人员在研究过程中发现沥青基碳纤维与碳基体具有良好的相容性能和界面结合性能,可显著增强碳素材料的强度性能,最终制得的产品人造石墨接头具有抗弯强度高、抗压强度高、电阻率低、热膨胀系数低的特点,大大降低了超高功率电弧炉炼钢中石墨接头的折断造成的炼钢事故,降低了用户的生产成本。在制备时,采用短流程的车底式焙烧和内热串接石墨化工艺,大大减少了多次浸渍和重复再烧的工作已,缩短了生产周期,降低了制作成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例来说明本发明的具体实施方式,但以下实施例只是用来详细说明本发明,并不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:
一种增强人造石墨接头,由下述质量份数的原料制成:针状焦73份、改质沥青26份、沥青基碳纤维5份、增塑剂0.4份、晶胀抑制剂0.8份。
所述沥青基碳纤维的要求为:长度4~6mm、密度1.95~2.0g/cm3、模量160~190GPa、抗拉强度2200 ~2400MPa。
所述增塑剂为硬脂酸,所述晶胀抑制剂为氧化铁粉。
制备时包括以下步骤:
1)按比例取各原料;
2)将针状焦破碎、筛分、磨粉,由30wt%颗粒料(0.5-2mm)和70 wt %粉料(0-0.075mm)组成;
3)将沥青基碳纤维用分散剂分散处理,形成均匀分散的碳纤维预制料;
4)将针状焦和碳纤维预制料混合加热至180℃;
5)将步骤4)加热后的原料送入混捏机,依次加入改质沥青、晶胀抑制剂、增塑剂进行混捏,混捏温度控制在160℃,混捏时间50分钟,制得糊料;
6)将步骤5)制得的糊料送入挤压机成型,成型压力1800吨,成型温度125℃,制得成型品,压型品密度1.85g/cm3;
7)将步骤6)制得的压型品装入匣钵,送入车底式焙烧炉进行焙烧,升温速度控制在2℃/h,升温至1000℃,然后逐步降温(10℃/h)冷却至250℃出炉,得到一烧品;
8)将步骤7)得到的一烧品进行外壳清理,然后进行浸渍,浸渍温度300℃,浸渍压力1.5MPa,得到浸渍品;
9)将步骤(8)的浸渍品送入车底式焙烧炉进行焙烧,升温速度控制在5℃/h,升温至1000℃,然后逐步降温冷却至250℃出炉,得到二烧品;
10)将步骤9)的二烧品首尾相连装入串接石墨化炉进行石墨化得到石墨化品;
11)对将步骤10)的石墨化品进行加工,石墨化温度3000℃,然后逐步降温冷却至250℃出炉,制得规定要求的石墨接头。
实施例2:
一种增强人造石墨接头,由下述质量份数的原料制成:针状焦 79份、改质沥青21份、沥青基碳纤维2.5份、增塑剂0.4份、晶胀抑制剂0.5份。
制备时包括以下步骤:
1)按比例取各原料;
2)将针状焦破碎、筛分、磨粉,由40wt%颗粒料(0.5-2mm)和60 wt %粉料(0-0.075mm)组成;
3)将沥青基碳纤维用分散剂分散处理,形成均匀分散的碳纤维预制料;
4)将针状焦和碳纤维预制料混合加热至190℃;
5)将步骤4)加热后的原料送入混捏机,依次加入改质沥青、晶胀抑制剂、增塑剂进行混捏,混捏温度控制在170℃,混捏时间40分钟,制得糊料;
6)将步骤5)制得的糊料送入挤压机成型,成型压力1900吨,成型温度130℃,制得成型品,压型品密度1.86g/cm3;
7)将步骤6)制得的压型品装入匣钵,送入车底式焙烧炉进行焙烧,升温速度控制在6℃/h,升温至1000℃,然后逐步降温冷却至250℃出炉,得到一烧品;
8)将步骤7)得到的一烧品进行外壳清理,然后进行浸渍,浸渍温度320℃,浸渍压力1.5MPa,得到浸渍品;
9)将步骤(8)的浸渍品送入车底式焙烧炉进行焙烧,升温速度控制在10℃/h,升温至1000℃,然后逐步降温冷却至250℃出炉,得到二烧品;
10)将步骤9)的二烧品首尾相连装入串接石墨化炉进行石墨化得到石墨化品;
11)对将步骤10)的石墨化品进行加工,石墨化温度3050℃,然后逐步降温(12℃/h)冷却至250℃出炉,制得规定要求的石墨接头。
实施例3:
一种增强人造石墨接头,由下述质量份数的原料制成:针状焦76份、改质沥青23份、沥青基碳纤维3.5份、增塑剂0.5份、晶胀抑制剂0.7份。
制备时包括以下步骤:
1)按比例取各原料;
2)将针状焦破碎、筛分、磨粉,由45wt%颗粒料(0.5-2mm)和55 wt %粉料(0-0.075mm)组成;
3)将沥青基碳纤维用分散剂分散处理,形成均匀分散的碳纤维预制料;
4)将针状焦和碳纤维预制料混合加热至200℃;
5)将步骤4)加热后的原料送入混捏机,依次加入改质沥青、晶胀抑制剂、增塑剂进行混捏,混捏温度控制在180℃,混捏时间30分钟,制得糊料;
6)将步骤5)制得的糊料送入挤压机成型,成型压力2000吨,成型温度135℃,制得成型品,压型品密度1.88g/cm3;
7)将步骤6)制得的压型品装入匣钵,送入车底式焙烧炉进行焙烧,升温速度控制在10℃/h,升温至1000℃,然后逐步降温(15℃/h)冷却至250℃出炉,得到一烧品;
8)将步骤7)得到的一烧品进行外壳清理,然后进行浸渍,浸渍温度350℃,浸渍压力1.5MPa,得到浸渍品;
9)将步骤(8)的浸渍品送入车底式焙烧炉进行焙烧,升温速度控制在15℃/h,升温至1000℃,然后逐步降温冷却至250℃出炉,得到二烧品;
10)将步骤9)的二烧品首尾相连装入串接石墨化炉进行石墨化得到石墨化品;
11)对将步骤10)的石墨化品进行加工,石墨化温度3100℃,然后逐步降温冷却至250℃出炉,制得规定要求的石墨接头。
实施例4:
一种增强人造石墨接头,由下述质量份数的原料制成:针状焦73份、改质沥青27份、沥青基碳纤维4份、增塑剂0.4份、晶胀抑制剂0.7份。
制备过程同实施例2。
实施例5:
一种增强人造石墨接头,由下述质量份数的原料制成:针状焦77份、改质沥青24份、沥青基碳纤维3份、增塑剂0.6份、晶胀抑制剂0.5份。
制备过程同实施例3。
为了验证本发明的可行性,对实施例1-5制得的增强人造石墨接头的密度、抗折强度、电阻率、热膨胀系数和灰分进行了检测,检测结果见下表:
由以上数据看出,与市场普通的超高功率石墨电极相比,本发明的增强人造石墨接头的的密度、抗折强度得到了提高、电阻率得到降低,性能大大提升。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其他修改或者等同替换,只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (9)
1.一种增强人造石墨接头的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)按比例取各原料;
2)将针状焦破碎、筛分、磨粉;
3)将沥青基碳纤维用分散剂分散处理,形成均匀分散的碳纤维预制料;
4)将针状焦和碳纤维预制料混合加热至180~200℃;
5)将步骤4)加热后的原料送入混捏机,加入改质沥青、晶胀抑制剂、增塑剂进行混捏制得糊料;
6)将步骤5)制得的糊料送入挤压机成型,制得成型品;
7)将步骤6)制得的压型品装入匣钵,进行焙烧得到一烧品;
8)将步骤7)得到的一烧品进行外壳清理,然后进行浸渍得到浸渍品;
9)将步骤8)的浸渍品进行焙烧得到二烧品;
10)将步骤9)的二烧品首尾相连进行石墨化得到石墨化品;
11)对将步骤10)的石墨化品进行加工,制得规定要求的石墨接头。
2.根据权利要求1所述的增强人造石墨接头的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤5)中混捏温度控制在160~180℃,混捏时间30~50分钟。
3.根据权利要求1所述的增强人造石墨接头的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤6)中成型压力1800~2000吨,成型温度125~135℃,压型品密度1.85~1.88g/cm3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的增强人造石墨接头的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤7)中焙烧时升温速度控制在2~10℃/h,升温至1000℃,然后逐步降温冷却至250℃出炉。
5.根据权利要求1所述的增强人造石墨接头的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤8)中浸渍温度300~350℃,浸渍压力1.5MPa。
6.根据权利要求1所述的增强人造石墨接头的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤9)中升温速度控制在5~15℃/h,升温至1000℃,然后逐步降温冷却至250℃出炉。
7.根据权利要求1所述的增强人造石墨接头的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤10)中石墨化温度3000~3100℃,然后逐步降温冷却至250℃出炉。
8.根据权利要求1所述的增强人造石墨接头的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1)中原料的质量份数组成为:针状焦73~79份、改质沥青21~27份、增塑剂0.4~0.6份、晶胀抑制剂0.5~0.8份和沥青基碳纤维,沥青基碳纤维的用量为其他原料总和的2-5 wt %。
9.根据权利要求8所述的增强人造石墨接头的制备方法,其特征在于:所述沥青基碳纤维的要求为:长度4~6mm、密度1.95~2.0g/cm3、模量160~190GPa、抗拉强度2200 ~2400MPa。
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