200536440 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明爲關於一種用於將石墨電極接合成一電極柱之 接腳（pin)構形，更特定地，本發明爲關於對一接腳之特殊 設計，與使用該接腳之電極。 【先前技術】 石墨電極被使用於鋼鐵業以熔化金屬與其他成份以在 電熱爐中形成鋼鐵，所需用以熔化金屬之熱藉通過電流於 一個或複數個電極，通常爲三個而產生，且於電極與該金 屬間形成一電弧，電流超過1〇〇,〇〇〇安培係通常被使用， 所產生之高溫熔化該金屬與其它成份，通常，用於鋼鐵熔 爐之電極每一個含有電極柱，即是，一系列個別電極接合 一起以形成一個單一柱，以如此方式，當電極於該熱製程 中被耗盡時，代替性電極可被接合至該柱以維持延伸進該 爐之柱的長度。 傳統地，電極經由一接腳（pin)(有時稱爲一突點（nipple)) 其作用爲接合鄰接電極之終端，典型地，該接腳形式爲相 對的公螺紋段或柄腳（tang)，具備至少每一電極之一端包括 母螺紋段其能夠匹配接腳之公螺紋段，因此，當一接腳之 每一個相對的公螺紋段在二電極之終端被螺接入母螺紋 段，這些電極變得接合成一電極柱，一般地，鄰接電極之 接合端，與其中間之該電極於技藝中被稱爲接頭（joint)。 在極度熱應力下，該電極與該接頭（且實際上電極柱爲 一整體）歷經機械性/熱性因素如強度、熱膨脹且抗裂痕必 須被小心地平衡以避免電極柱或個別電極之損壞或破壞， 200536440 例如’電極的縱向（即，沿著該電極/電極柱之長度）熱膨脹， 特別對一速率不同於該接腳之熱膨脹速率，可促使該接頭 分開’減低電極柱傳導電流之效果，該接腳之若干橫向熱 膨脹超過該電極之若干橫向熱膨脹（即，橫跨該電極/電極 柱之直徑）程度可爲需求的以形成接腳與電極間之一穩固 的連接’然而，假如該接腳之橫向熱膨脹大幅超過該電極 之橫向熱膨脹，可能會產生對電極之損壞或接頭之分離， 再次地，此可導致該電極柱之效果減低，或甚至毀壞該柱， 假如損壞是過於嚴重使得電極柱在接頭段失效，因此，一 電極之熱膨脹控制，在縱向與橫向二者係爲極度重要的。 當然，達成接腳與電極間熱相容性之最佳方式爲從所形 成電極之相同材料形成接腳，然而，傳統的接腳接頭，接 腳必須由一石墨材料其係強度強於形成該電極所必須之材 料，當使用於一電極柱時，假如該接腳非由一強度較強材 料所形成，它將失效（即遭遇裂痕與斷裂）至一無法接受程 度，爲避免如此情形發生，該接腳可以，例如，較該電極 所需之一較高密度之石墨材料被形成。 因此，所需要的是一接腳/電極接頭其具有足夠強度與完 整性以減低使用時電極損壞且創造一更穩定的接頭，而不 會對電極性能造成重大的減損，它亦對達成這些特性效益 而不需使用高品質的昂貴材料係高度需求的’且更有利 地，藉使用相同石墨材料以形成該接腳，如被用以形成該 電極以更密切地匹配該接腳與電極之熱特性。 【發明內容】 本發明之一目的爲提供一種用於石墨電極之改進的接 200536440 腳構形。 本發明之另一目的爲製造一種使用該發明接腳之改進 的石墨電極。 本發明之再另一目的爲提供用於石墨電極之接頭’其被 設計以較佳承受於使用中一電極柱上之熱性與機械性應 力。 本發明尙有另一目的爲提供用於石墨電極之接腳’其產 生具有改進強度與穩定度之電極柱接頭。 本發明之另一目的爲提供用於石墨電極之接腳，其係由 用形成電極之相同石墨材料所形成，而不會顯著影響性 能。 本發明之再另一目的爲提供一種石墨電極接頭，具有對 附根（stub)損失改進的阻抗，其係界定爲電極柱之部份的損 失，相較於傳統技藝中石墨電極接頭，該電極柱係座落於 從弧尖（arc tip)至且有時包含最靠近該弧尖之接頭。 這些與其他目的對技藝人士於審視以下說明將可被實 施，其係藉提供一種接腳用以形成一石墨電極接頭，該接 腳具有至少一公柄腳具有將被使用之公柄腳長度對該電極 直徑之比率至少約0.6,在本發明之較佳實施例中，公柄腳 直徑對公柄腳長度之比率應不大於2.5倍於將被使用之公 柄腳長度對其電極直徑比率，當公柄腳長度對該電極直徑 之比率約0.6時，實際上，公柄腳直徑在其基部對公柄腳 長度之比率應該隨公柄腳長度對電極直徑比率而變化，使 得每0.01較高於0.6公柄腳長度對電極直徑比率，公柄腳 直徑在其基部對公柄腳長度之比率應爲約低於0.016。 200536440 該發明接腳當具有公柄腳長度對電極直徑比率爲〇·85或 較低時，應該較佳地亦具有公柄腳之錐形（taper)比率，以 度數表示，對公柄腳長度對電極直徑之比率爲至少約1 5， 而且，公柄腳之錐形比率對公柄腳長度對電極直徑之比率 隨公柄腳長度對電極直徑之比率而變化，使得每〇 · 〇 1較低 於〇·85公柄腳長度對電極直徑比率，公柄腳之錐形比率對 公柄腳長度對電極直徑之比率應爲約高於1.2 5。 本發明亦包含從本發明接腳所形成之一電極接頭與二 石墨電極，每一個具有一母螺紋插座，其中該接腳之一公 螺紋柄腳嚙合每一電極之母螺紋插座以形成該接頭。 一種用以準備本發明接腳之製程亦被提出，包含混合煤 焦與一瀝青結合劑（pitch binder)，以形成一原料混合物 (stock blend);擠壓該原料混合物以形成生（green)原料； 烘烤該生原料以形成碳化原料；石墨化該碳化原料其係藉 於至少約溫度2 5 0 0 °C維持該碳化原料以形成一石墨化原 料；且加工該碳化原料以形成一公柄腳其具有公柄腳長度 對該石墨化原料直徑之比率至少約0.6。 它可被瞭解先前一般描述與以下詳細描述二者提供本 發明之實施例，且被意欲提供當然瞭解之一槪要或架構與 所申請專利範圍之本發明特色，附圖係包含用以提供本發 明之進一步瞭解且倂入於此構成本說明書之一部分，圖式 說明本發明各種實施例且與該描述一起作爲描述本發明之 原理與操作。 【實施方式】 用於連接石墨電極之接腳可藉首先結合一微粒部分其 200536440 包括焙燒煤焦（calcined coke)、瀝青與較佳地中間年 (mesophase)瀝青、與選擇地PAN-基碳纖維被製造成 混合物，更特定地，壓碎的、按大小的與碾磨的焙 煤焦被混以煤-焦油瀝青結合劑形成該混合物，該焙 之粒子大小依該物品之最終使用被選取，在業界技 常粒子達到約2 5 mm平均直徑係被用於該混合物中 部分較佳地包含小粒子大小塡充劑包括有煤焦粉末 的附加劑可被倂入該小粒子大小塡充劑，包括有氧 抑制膨脹（由煤焦微粒內與碳結合之硫的釋放所造成 焦粉末與油或其他潤滑劑以促使該混合物之擠壓。 最佳地，碳纖維（當使用時）較佳地爲以焙燒煤焦 100部分以碳纖維重量約0.5至約6部分水準或以全 成份重量（結合劑除外）至少約0.4 %至約5 · 5 %，較佳 具有平均約6至約1 5微米，且較佳地約4 m m至約 長度，且最佳地少於約32mm，該碳纖維用於本發明 較佳地具有一至少1 50,000psi之拉力強度，最有利 碳纖維被加至原料混合物作爲管束（bundle)，每一管 從約2000至約20,000纖維。 較佳地，於該微粒部分混合後且瀝青已開始，該 附加，確實地，在一較佳實施例中，該纖維於至少 混合週期完成後被添加，最佳地，於至少約四分之 週期完成後被附加，例如，假如微粒部分之與瀝青 花費約二小時（即，混合週期爲二小時），該纖維應】 一小時，或甚至90分鐘後被附加，於混合開始後附 維將幫助保有纖維長度（其於混合製程中可被減低） 一原料 燒石油 燒煤焦 藝中通 ，微粒 ，其他 化鐵以 :)、煤 重量每 部混合 之纖維 2 5 mm 製程應 地，該 束包含 纖維被 約一半 三混合 之混合 冷混合 加該纖 ，且藉 200536440 此含有纖維之有利效果，其被認爲是直接有關於纖維長 度。 如上所示，微粒部分可包含小微粒尺寸之塡充劑（用於 此處之”小”係與該焙燒煤焦之微粒尺寸相比，其通常具有 一直徑使得其主要部分通過一 2 5 mm網格篩子，但非一 0 · 2 5 mm網格篩子，與傳統使用之塡充劑相比的話），更特 定地，該小顆粒尺寸塡充劑包括至少約7 5 %煤焦粉末，藉 此意指煤焦具有一直徑使得至少約70%且更有利地達到約 9 0%，將通過一 200Tyler網格篩子，相當於74微米。 小微粒尺寸塡充劑可進而包括至少約0.5 %且達到約 25 %之其他附加劑像一膨脹抑制物如氧化鐵，再次地，附 加劑應被使用於較小於傳統所使用者之一微粒尺寸，例 如，當氧化鐵被包含時，氧化鐵粒子之平均尺寸應該是使 得它們小於約1 〇微米，另一另外附加劑其可被使用者爲石 油煤焦粉末其具有平均直徑使得它們小於約1 0微米，添加 以塡充該物品之多孔性且因此對所用之瀝青結合劑量有較 佳之控制，小微粒尺寸塡充劑應包括至少約3 0%，且高達 約50%或甚至65%之微粒部分。 於微粒部分、瀝青結合劑等混合後被準備，本體以經由 一沖模擠壓被形成（或被成型），或於傳統成型模具中被鑄 型以形成所提及作爲之生原料，該形成無論是否經由擠壓 或鑄型，在一溫度接近該瀝青之軟化點被實施，通常約1〇〇 °C或高於1 〇〇 °C，該沖模或模具可形成該物品大體最後的 形狀與大小，雖然該成品之加工通常仍爲需要的，至少提 供了如螺紋之結構，生原料的尺寸可予變化，對電極而言 -10- 200536440 直徑可於220mm與700mm間變化。 經擠壓後，生原料於約溫度700 °C與約1100 °C間烘焙被 熱處理，更特別地於約溫度8 0 0 °C與約1 〇 〇 0 °C間，以碳化 瀝青結合劑以固化瀝青煤焦，以給予該物品永久形式、高 機械性張力、良好熱傳導性與相對低的電氣阻抗，與因此 形成一碳化原料，生原料於相對缺乏空氣下被烘焙以避免 氧化，烘焙應於在每小時約1 °C至約5 °C上升速率至最終溫 度被實行，於烘焙後，該碳化原料可以煤焦油或石油瀝青 或其他瀝青形式或業界已知之樹脂浸透一次或多次，以沉 1 積額外的煤焦於該原料之任何開放細孔，每一次浸透後接 著一額外的烘焙步驟。 於烘焙後，碳化原料接著被石墨化，石墨化是以熱處理 於一最終溫度約25 00°C至約3400°C之一充分時間以造成 煤焦中碳原子與瀝青煤焦結合劑從一不佳次序狀態轉換成 石墨之結晶結構，有利地，石墨化藉維持該碳化原料於至 少約溫度2700°C，且更佳地於溫度約2700°C與約3200°C 間被實施，在這些高溫下，除碳原子之其它元素被蒸發且 ^成爲蒸氣離開，使用本發明製程維持石墨化溫度所需時間 約超過1 8小時，實際上，不超過約12小時，較佳地，石 墨化爲約1 · 5至約8小時，一旦石墨化被完成，該成品可 被切割大小與接著加工或成形成最終外形。 爲提供一接腳構形以形成在烘爐中具有改進穩定度之 電極接頭、公柄腳，且最佳地，該接腳之公柄腳二者（與藉 延伸，該接腳進入欲螺接之該電極母插座）必須設訂尺寸使 得柄腳將提供使用所需之強度，甚至於該處接腳由形成電 •11- 200536440 極之相同的石墨材料所形成，以匹配熱特性，爲如此作， 平衡必須被達成，更特別地，現在已發現公柄腳長度對它 所螺接之電極直徑之比率（在此引用爲柄腳因子（tang f a c t 〇 r ))，在最佳化該接頭性能爲重要的，更特定地，至少 約0.6之柄腳因子咸信對生成具有改進穩定度與商業化可 接受性能之電極接頭係重要的。 其他接頭特性之交互作用亦可幫助最佳化該電極接 頭，例如一因子之比率（在此引用爲柄腳直徑因子）由該接 腳之公柄腳直徑在其基部對公柄腳長度之比率所界定可被 ^ 用以提供對該接頭甚至更提升，柄腳直徑因子對一具備柄 腳因子約0.6之特別有效接頭應該不大於2.5倍柄腳因子， 實際上，柄腳直徑因子應該最佳地隨柄腳因子改變，使得 當具有高於0.6之柄腳因子之接頭被製造時，該接頭之柄 腳直徑因子應該低於2.5倍附根（stub)因子，更特定地，對 每0.01較高於0.6之一接頭之柄腳因子，最大柄腳直徑因 子應該是約低於〇. 〇 1 6，例如，當一接頭具有一柄腳因子 0.85被製造，該接頭之公柄腳之柄腳直徑因子應該是較低 ®於約1.2 8倍該接頭之柄腳因子。 另一接頭特色其扮演設計一有效石墨電極接頭之角色 被引用於此作爲錐形因子，其被界定爲該公柄腳之錐形（以 度數表示，且例示於第1圖如指定爲α之角度）對柄腳因子 之比率，對一有效的公柄腳之錐形因子應該至少約1 5，其 中柄腳因子爲0.85，且應該隨具不同柄腳因子之接腳製造 而變化，例如，對每〇·〇1低於〇·85 —接腳之柄腳因子，最 小錐形因子應該爲約高於1.25，例如，當具有0.6之柄腳 -12- 200536440 因子之接腳被製造’該接腳之公柄腳之錐形因子應該至少 約4 5 〇 當使用至少約〇 . 6之柄腳因子，與/或如上所述之該接腳 之柄腳直徑因子或錐形因子，一接頭被製造而至少在接頭 強度與穩定度方面上，可達成商業可接受度，依據本發明 所製造之一典型石墨電極接頭被例示於第1至3圖且標記 爲10，接頭10包括一接頭20、一第一電極1〇〇與一第二 電極110，接腳20具有一第一公柄腳20a與一第二公柄腳 2 0b，第一電極100與第二電極110每一個具有一母插座 B 30，如圖示，公柄腳20a與20b與母插座30合作以形成接 頭10與因此連接第一電極1〇〇與第二電極110成爲一柱， 以公柄腳20a與20b之適當大小（且對應母插座30之大 小），一改進的接頭1 〇被提供。 於本發明所引用之所有引證的專利與出版品揭露被倂 入於此作爲參考。 以上描述意欲爲使業界熟知技藝人士能實施該本發 明，它不意欲詳述所有可能的變異與修改其對技藝人士於 ®閱讀該描述將變得明顯，然而，它意欲所有此等修改與變 化被包含於由以下申請專利範圍所界定之本發明範疇中， 申請專利範圍項於任何排列或順序中意欲涵蓋所指示之元 件與步驟，除非該內容特別爲相反之指示，其對符合本發 明之意欲目的係有效的。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖爲依據本發明之接腳的一側平面圖。 第2圖爲使用第1圖接腳之一石墨電極接頭之一部分側 -13- 200536440200536440 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a pin configuration for connecting a graphite electrode to an electrode post. More specifically, the present invention relates to a pin-to-pin configuration. Special design and electrode using this pin. [Previous technology] Graphite electrodes are used in the steel industry to melt metals and other ingredients to form steel in electric furnaces. The heat required to melt the metal is generated by passing an electric current through one or more electrodes, usually three. And an arc is formed between the electrode and the metal, and the current exceeds 100,000 amperes is usually used. The high temperature generated melts the metal and other components. Generally, each electrode used in a steel furnace contains an electrode column. That is, a series of individual electrodes are joined together to form a single column. In this way, when the electrode is depleted in the thermal process, a replacement electrode can be joined to the column to maintain the extension of the column into the furnace. length. Traditionally, electrodes pass through a pin (sometimes referred to as a nipple) that serves to engage the terminals of adjacent electrodes. Typically, this pin is in the form of an opposite male thread segment or tang (tang). ), At least one end of each electrode includes a female thread segment that can match the male thread segment of the pin, so when each opposite male thread segment of a pin is screwed into the female thread segment at the end of the two electrodes, These electrodes become connected to form an electrode column. Generally, the adjacent end of the electrode, and the electrode in the middle is called a joint in the art. Under extreme thermal stress, the electrode and the connector (and the electrode column as a whole) undergo mechanical / thermal factors such as strength, thermal expansion, and crack resistance must be carefully balanced to avoid damage or destruction of the electrode column or individual electrodes 200536440 For example, 'the longitudinal expansion of the electrode (that is, along the length of the electrode / electrode column), especially for a rate different from the thermal expansion rate of the pin, can promote the joint to separate' the effect of reducing the conduction current of the electrode column, the The extent to which the lateral thermal expansion of the pin exceeds the lateral thermal expansion of the electrode (ie, across the diameter of the electrode / electrode post) may be required to form a stable connection between the pin and the electrode. However, if the pin The transverse thermal expansion of the electrode greatly exceeds the transverse thermal expansion of the electrode, which may cause damage to the electrode or separation of the joint. Again, this may lead to a reduction in the effect of the electrode column, or even destroy the column. If the damage is too severe, the electrode column Failure in the joint section, therefore, the thermal expansion control of an electrode is extremely important in both the longitudinal and lateral directions. of. Of course, the best way to achieve thermal compatibility between the pin and the electrode is to form the pin from the same material as the electrode being formed. However, with conventional pin joints, the pin must be made of a graphite material that is stronger than the The material necessary for the electrode, when used in an electrode column, if the pin is not formed of a strong material, it will fail (ie encounter cracks and fractures) to an unacceptable level. To avoid this situation, The pins can be formed, for example, of a higher density graphite material than one required for the electrode. Therefore, what is needed is a pin / electrode connector that has sufficient strength and integrity to reduce electrode damage during use and to create a more stable connector without significant degradation of electrode performance, which also achieves these characteristics Benefits Without the use of high-quality expensive materials are highly demanded, and more advantageously, by using the same graphite material to form the pin, if used to form the electrode to more closely match the heat of the pin and the electrode characteristic. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an improved 200536440 pin configuration for a graphite electrode. Another object of the present invention is to produce an improved graphite electrode using the pins of the present invention. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a connector for graphite electrodes' which is designed to better withstand the thermal and mechanical stress on an electrode post in use. Another object of the present invention is to provide a pin for a graphite electrode, which produces an electrode post connector having improved strength and stability. Another object of the present invention is to provide a pin for a graphite electrode, which is formed from the same graphite material used to form the electrode without significantly affecting performance. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a graphite electrode connector with improved resistance to stub loss, which is defined as the loss of part of the electrode post. Compared with the graphite electrode connector in the conventional art, the electrode The column is located from the arc tip to and sometimes includes a joint closest to the arc tip. These and other purposes will be implemented by the skilled person upon reviewing the following description by providing a pin for forming a graphite electrode connector, the pin having at least one male tang having a male tang length pair to be used The ratio of the electrode diameter is at least about 0.6. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the diameter of the male tang to the length of the male tang should be no more than 2.5 times the ratio of the length of the male tang to the electrode diameter to be used. When the ratio of the length of the male tang to the diameter of the electrode is about 0.6, in fact, the ratio of the diameter of the male tang at the base to the length of the male tang should change with the ratio of the length of the male tang to the diameter of the electrode, so that each 0.01 is higher. At a ratio of 0.6 male tang length to electrode diameter, the ratio of the male tang diameter at its base to the male tang length should be less than about 0.016. 200536440 When the inventive pin has a male tang length to electrode diameter ratio of 0.85 or lower, it should preferably also have a male tang taper ratio, expressed in degrees, for the male tang length The ratio of the counter electrode diameter is at least about 15 and the ratio of the taper ratio of the male tang to the length of the male tang to the diameter of the electrode varies with the ratio of the length of the male tang to the diameter of the electrode so that each Below 0.85 male tang length to electrode diameter ratio, the ratio of male taper ratio to male tang length to electrode diameter should be about 1.25. The present invention also includes an electrode joint and two graphite electrodes formed from the pins of the present invention, each of which has a female threaded socket, wherein a male threaded tang of one of the pins engages the female threaded socket of each electrode to form the joint. . A process for preparing the pins of the present invention has also been proposed, which includes mixing coal char and a pitch binder to form a stock blend; extruding the raw material mixture to form a green raw material Baking the raw material to form a carbonized raw material; graphitizing the carbonized raw material by maintaining the carbonized raw material to form a graphitized raw material at a temperature of at least about 2500 ° C; and processing the carbonized raw material to form a male handle The feet have a male tang length ratio to a diameter of the graphitized raw material of at least about 0.6. It can be understood that both the previous general description and the following detailed description provide embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to provide one of course understanding of the features or structure of the invention and the scope of the claimed patent. The drawings are included to provide the present invention. A further understanding of the invention and its incorporation here form a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate various embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve as a description of the principles and operations of the invention. [Embodiment] The pins used to connect the graphite electrode can be combined with a particulate part first. 200536440 includes calcined coke, asphalt and preferably mesophase asphalt, and optionally PAN-based carbon fiber quilt. Manufactured into a mixture, more specifically, crushed, sized and milled roasted coal coke is mixed with coal-tar pitch binder to form the mixture, and the size of the roasted particles is selected according to the end use of the article. It is commonly used in the industry that particles with an average diameter of about 25 mm are used in the mixture. Part of the mixture preferably contains small particle size fillers. Additives including coal char powder can be incorporated into the small particle size fillers, including Aerobic inhibition of swelling (the release of coke powder and oil or other lubricants caused by the release of carbon-bound sulfur in coal char particles to promote squeezing of the mixture. Optimally, carbon fibers (when used) are preferably 100 parts of roasted coal coke is at a level of about 0.5 to about 6 parts by weight of carbon fiber or at least about 0.4% to about 5.5% by weight of the whole ingredient (excluding the binder), and preferably has an average of about 6 to about 15 microns, and Preferably about 4 mm to about length, and most preferably less than about 32 mm, the carbon fiber used in the present invention preferably has a tensile strength of at least 1 50,000 psi. The most advantageous carbon fiber is added to the raw material mixture as a bundle. ), Each tube is from about 2000 to about 20,000 fibers. Preferably, after the particulates are partially mixed and asphalt has begun, the addition, indeed, in a preferred embodiment, the fibers are at least after the mixing cycle is completed Is added, preferably, after at least about a quarter of the cycle is completed, for example, if the particulate fraction takes about two hours with the asphalt (ie, the mixing cycle is two hours), the fiber should be one hour, or even It is added after 90 minutes. After the start of mixing, the dimension will help to maintain the fiber length (which can be reduced in the mixing process). A raw material is petroleum, coal, coal, coke, and other iron. The mixed fiber 25 mm process should, the bundle contains the fiber is mixed by about half of the three mixed mixed cold mixing plus the fiber, and by virtue of 200536440 the beneficial effect of containing fiber, it is considered to be Directly related to fiber length. As shown above, the particle portion may contain a small particle size filler ("small" as used herein) compared to the particle size of the roasted coal coke, which typically has a diameter such that its major portion passes a 25 mm Grid sieve, but not a 0.5 mm grid sieve, compared to traditionally used tinctures), more specifically, the small particle size tinctures include at least about 75% coal char powder, and This means that the coal coke has a diameter such that at least about 70% and more advantageously about 90%, will pass through a 200 Tyler mesh sieve, which is equivalent to 74 microns. Small particle size tinctures may further include at least about 0.5% and up to about 25% of other additives such as a swelling inhibitor such as iron oxide. Again, the additives should be used for particles smaller than one of the traditional users Size, for example, when iron oxide is included, the average size of the iron oxide particles should be such that they are less than about 10 microns, another additional agent which can be used by users as petroleum coal coke powder which has an average diameter such that they are less than about 10 micron, added to fill the porosity of the article and therefore better control the asphalt binder used, small particle size fillers should include at least about 30%, and up to about 50% or even 65%. Particles section. It is prepared after mixing the particulate part, asphalt binder, etc., and the body is formed (or molded) by extrusion through a die, or is molded in a traditional molding mold to form the raw materials mentioned, regardless of the formation. Whether it is implemented by extrusion or casting at a temperature close to the softening point of the asphalt, usually about 100 ° C or higher, the die or mold can form the final shape and size of the item Although the processing of the finished product is usually still needed, at least a structure such as a thread is provided. The size of the raw material can be changed. For the electrode, -10- 200536440, the diameter can be changed between 220mm and 700mm. After extrusion, the raw materials are baked and heat-treated at a temperature between about 700 ° C and about 1100 ° C, more specifically between about 800 ° C and about 1000 ° C. Asphalt coal char is solidified to give the item a permanent form, high mechanical tension, good thermal conductivity, and relatively low electrical resistance, and thus a carbonized raw material is formed. Raw raw materials are baked in a relatively lack of air to avoid oxidation. The rising rate from about 1 ° C to about 5 ° C per hour to the final temperature is implemented. After baking, the carbonized raw material can be impregnated with coal tar or petroleum pitch or other pitch form or resin known in the industry one or more times to sink 1 Accumulate any additional fine pores in the raw coal, followed by an additional baking step after each soak. After baking, the carbonized raw material is then graphitized. Graphitization is heat treated at a final temperature of about 25 00 ° C to about 3400 ° C for a sufficient time to cause the carbon atoms in the coal coke and the asphalt coal coke binder to never change. The optimal order state is transformed into the crystalline structure of graphite. Advantageously, graphitization is performed by maintaining the carbonized raw material at a temperature of at least about 2700 ° C, and more preferably between about 2700 ° C and about 3200 ° C. At these high temperatures, Next, other elements except carbon atoms are evaporated and left as vapors. The time required to maintain the graphitization temperature using the process of the present invention is more than about 18 hours. In fact, it does not exceed about 12 hours. Preferably, the graphitization is about 1-5 to about 8 hours, once the graphitization is completed, the finished product can be cut to size and then processed or formed into the final shape. In order to provide a pin configuration to form an electrode joint and a male tang with improved stability in an oven, and most preferably, both the male tang of the pin (and by extension, the pin enters the desired screw) The electrode female socket connected to it must be dimensioned so that the tang will provide the strength required for use, and even the pins there are made of the same graphite material that forms the electrode • 11-200536440 to match the thermal characteristics, as In doing so, the balance must be achieved, and more particularly, it has now been found that the ratio of the length of the male tang to the diameter of the electrode to which it is screwed (herein referred to as the tang fact factor), is to optimize this Joint performance is important, and more specifically, a tang factor of at least about 0.6 is important to produce electrode joints with improved stability and commercially acceptable performance. The interaction of other connector characteristics can also help optimize the electrode connector, such as a factor ratio (referred to here as the tang diameter factor) from the ratio of the male's tang diameter at the base to the male's tang length The definition can be used to provide even more improvement to the joint. The tang diameter factor for a particularly effective joint with a tang factor of about 0.6 should not be greater than 2.5 times the tang factor. In fact, the tang diameter factor should be the best. The ground changes with the tang factor, so that when a joint with a tang factor higher than 0.6 is manufactured, the tang diameter factor of the joint should be less than 2.5 times the stub factor, more specifically, for every 0.01 The tang factor of one of the joints higher than 0.6, the maximum tang diameter factor should be about less than 0.06, for example, when a joint has a tang factor of 0.85, the tang of the male tang of the joint is made The diameter factor should be lower than about 1.28 times the tang factor of this joint. Another connector feature, which plays the role of designing an effective graphite electrode connector, is cited here as the taper factor, which is defined as the taper of the male tang (expressed in degrees and exemplified in Figure 1 if designated as α Angle) to tang factor, the cone factor for an effective male tang should be at least about 15 where the tang factor is 0.85 and should vary with the manufacture of pins with different tang factors, for example, For a tang factor of less than 0.85 per 〇1, the minimum taper factor should be approximately higher than 1.25, for example, when a pin with a tang of 0.6-12-200536440 is produced The taper factor of the male tang of a pin should be at least about 450. When using a tang factor of at least about 0.6, and / or the tang diameter factor or taper factor of the pin as described above, a connector Manufactured to achieve commercial acceptance at least in terms of joint strength and stability. A typical graphite electrode joint manufactured in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in Figures 1 to 3 and labeled 10, and the joint 10 includes a joint 20 A first electrode 100 and a second electrode The pole 110, the pin 20 has a first male tang 20a and a second male tang 20b, and each of the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 110 has a female socket B 30. As shown, the male tang 20a Cooperate with 20b and the female socket 30 to form the joint 10 and thus connect the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 110 into a pillar, with the appropriate size of the male tang 20a and 20b (and corresponding to the size of the female socket 30), a An improved joint 10 is provided. All cited patent and publication disclosures cited in the present invention are incorporated herein by reference. The above description is intended to enable those skilled in the art to implement the invention, and it is not intended to detail all possible variations and modifications. It will become apparent to those skilled in the art when reading this description, however, it intends all such modifications and variations. To be included in the scope of the present invention as defined by the following patent application scope, the patent application scope items are intended to cover the indicated elements and steps in any arrangement or order, unless the content is specifically indicated to the contrary The intended purpose is valid. [Brief Description of the Drawings] FIG. 1 is a plan view of one side of a pin according to the present invention. Figure 2 is a part of the graphite electrode connector using one of the pins in Figure 1 -13- 200536440
面斷開圖。 第3圖爲牛 有用於第1圖 【主要元件符 10 20 20a 20b 30 100 110 丨對石墨電極之一部分側面斷開圖，每一個具 接腳之一母插座。 號說明】 接頭 接腳 第一公柄腳 第二公柄腳 母插座 第一電極 第二電極Face break diagram. The third figure is for cattle. It is useful for the first figure. [Main component symbol 10 20 20a 20b 30 100 110 丨 A side cut-away view of one part of the graphite electrode, each one has a female socket. Description] Connector Pins First male tang Second male tang Female socket First electrode Second electrode
-14--14-