CN108552096A - 一种稻田中养殖小龙虾的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种稻田中养殖小龙虾的方法,所述养殖小龙虾方法包括以下步骤:(1)稻田准备、(2)稻田改造、(3)稻田消毒、(4)种植秧苗、(5)放养虾苗、(6)饲料喂养、(7)稻田施肥、(8)龙虾捕捞、本发明提供一种稻田中养殖小龙虾的方法,使得小龙虾的养殖更加合理化、环保化、配合稻田养殖形成良性循环的生态养殖方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及小龙虾养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种稻田中养殖小龙虾的方法。
背景技术
淡水龙虾,俗称小龙虾,属于节肢动物门甲壳纲,十足目龙虾科,头部和胸部较粗大,外壳坚硬,肉质鲜美,是一种低脂肪低胆固醇高蛋白的营养滋补食品。淡水龙虾除具有体型较大,肉质肥美外,还有生长周期短,产量高,食杂适应性强的特点。
小龙虾近年来在中国已经成为重要经济养殖品种,市场价格越来越高,需求量越来越大,从而带动人工养殖的发展,目前稻田养殖小龙虾较少,由于养殖方法运用不当,产出的龙虾个体小,肉质差,成活率底,从而使养殖户收益变低,同时人工喂养饲料多,不但增加了养殖成本,而且使龙虾质量变差,卖不出好价钱,有些养殖户对农药化肥使用过多,不仅使龙虾质量下降,还污染了水资源和土壤,不利于可持续发展。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
本发明提供一种稻田中养殖小龙虾的方法,使得小龙虾的养殖更加合理化、环保化、配合稻田养殖形成良性循环的生态养殖方法。
(二)采用的技术方案
本发明为实现上述目的,通过以下技术方案予以实现:一种稻田中养殖小龙虾的方法,其特征在于,所述养殖小龙虾方法包括以下步骤:
(1)稻田准备:选择水源充足,水质好无污染,土壤肥沃,保水性好,旱季易调水,雨季易排水,光照充足的田块;
(2)稻田改造:首先对稻田田埂进行加高加固,使田埂高度高于稻田平面,之后沿稻田田埂内侧四周开挖环形养殖沟,沟宽1.4-2.2m,深为1.1-1.4m,环形养殖沟离田埂0.4-0.8m,环形养殖沟内设置进水口和排水口,进水口和排水口分别用钢丝网围住;
(3)稻田消毒:放苗前15天进行沟内消毒,将环形养殖沟内的淤泥进行清除,之后通过生石灰对环形养殖沟和稻田进行消毒,消毒后在环形养殖沟内种植水草;
(4)种植秧苗:选择抗倒伏能力强,抗病虫害能力强的中稻品种进行栽植,控制株距为6-13cm,行距为18-22cm;
(5)放养虾苗:挑选为带病原菌、未经过药浴、抗病能力强的小龙虾幼苗,投放到水体重,每亩放养1.2-1.6万尾小龙虾;
(6)饲料喂养:小龙虾幼苗投放后,每天上午、下午各用有机饲料喂料一次,所述上午喂料量和下午喂料量的比例为3.5:6.35;
所述有机饲料由以下原料制备而成:小麦粉30-40份、菜粕15-18份、南瓜粉21-30份、米糠22-26份、豆饼15-20份、麸皮18-30份、何首乌5-10份、芝麻油渣5-10份;将上述原料按比例配置,通过搅拌机搅拌之后从挤出机挤出得到饲料颗粒;
(7)稻田施肥:每亩施过磷酸钙15-30kg,新鲜干草木灰40-55kg;
(8)龙虾捕捞:待水稻蜡熟期时,进行龙虾捕捞。
(三)有益效果
本发明提供一种稻田中养殖小龙虾的方法,具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明在稻田中建设环形养殖沟,实现小龙虾和稻田共生,不影响水稻的正常生产,一田两用,小龙虾和水稻双丰收,大大提高经济收益;
(2)本发明中在环形养殖沟内种植水草,可以长期保证龙虾生存环形的多元化,促进龙虾的质量和产量,也利于提高水质;
(3)本发明中使用有机饲料投喂小龙虾,使得小龙虾饲料营养成分全面而均衡,能够提供生长期小龙虾的营养基础,促进小龙虾的快速生长;本发明通过虾稻连作,促进了种植业与养殖业的有机结合,使虾和稻之间形成良性循环的生态共生系统,有利于节约资源,提高资源的利用率。
具体实施方式
本说明书中公开的所有特征,或公开的所有方法或过程中的步骤,除了互相排斥的特征和/或步骤以外,均可以以任何方式组合。
本说明书(包括任何附加权利要求、摘要)中公开的任一特征,除非特别叙述,均可被其他等效或具有类似目的的替代特征加以替换。即,除非特别叙述,每个特征只是一系列等效或类似特征中的一个例子而已。
实施例1
一种稻田中养殖小龙虾的方法,其特征在于,所述养殖小龙虾方法包括以下步骤:
(1)稻田准备:选择水源充足,水质好无污染,土壤肥沃,保水性好,旱季易调水,雨季易排水,光照充足的田块;
(2)稻田改造:首先对稻田田埂进行加高加固,使田埂高度高于稻田平面,之后沿稻田田埂内侧四周开挖环形养殖沟,沟宽1.4m,深为1.1m,环形养殖沟离田埂0.4m,环形养殖沟内设置进水口和排水口,进水口和排水口分别用钢丝网围住;
(3)稻田消毒:放苗前15天进行沟内消毒,将环形养殖沟内的淤泥进行清除,之后通过生石灰对环形养殖沟和稻田进行消毒,消毒后在环形养殖沟内种植水草;
(4)种植秧苗:选择抗倒伏能力强,抗病虫害能力强的中稻品种进行栽植,控制株距为6cm,行距为18cm;
(5)放养虾苗:挑选为带病原菌、未经过药浴、抗病能力强的小龙虾幼苗,投放到水体重,每亩放养1.2万尾小龙虾;
(6)饲料喂养:小龙虾幼苗投放后,每天上午、下午各用有机饲料喂料一次,所述上午喂料量和下午喂料量的比例为3.5:6.35;
所述有机饲料由以下原料制备而成:小麦粉30份、菜粕15份、南瓜粉21份、米糠22份、豆饼15份、麸皮18份、何首乌5份、芝麻油渣5-10份;将上述原料按比例配置,通过搅拌机搅拌之后从挤出机挤出得到饲料颗粒;
(7)稻田施肥:每亩施过磷酸钙15kg,新鲜干草木灰40kg;
(8)龙虾捕捞:待水稻蜡熟期时,进行龙虾捕捞。
实施例2
一种稻田中养殖小龙虾的方法,其特征在于,所述养殖小龙虾方法包括以下步骤:
(1)稻田准备:选择水源充足,水质好无污染,土壤肥沃,保水性好,旱季易调水,雨季易排水,光照充足的田块;
(2)稻田改造:首先对稻田田埂进行加高加固,使田埂高度高于稻田平面,之后沿稻田田埂内侧四周开挖环形养殖沟,沟宽2.2m,深为1.4m,环形养殖沟离田埂0.8m,环形养殖沟内设置进水口和排水口,进水口和排水口分别用钢丝网围住;
(3)稻田消毒:放苗前15天进行沟内消毒,将环形养殖沟内的淤泥进行清除,之后通过生石灰对环形养殖沟和稻田进行消毒,消毒后在环形养殖沟内种植水草;
(4)种植秧苗:选择抗倒伏能力强,抗病虫害能力强的中稻品种进行栽植,控制株距为13cm,行距为22cm;
(5)放养虾苗:挑选为带病原菌、未经过药浴、抗病能力强的小龙虾幼苗,投放到水体重,每亩放养1.6万尾小龙虾;
(6)饲料喂养:小龙虾幼苗投放后,每天上午、下午各用有机饲料喂料一次,所述上午喂料量和下午喂料量的比例为3.5:6.35;
所述有机饲料由以下原料制备而成:小麦粉40份、菜粕18份、南瓜粉30份、米糠26份、豆饼20份、麸皮30份、何首乌10份、芝麻油渣10份;将上述原料按比例配置,通过搅拌机搅拌之后从挤出机挤出得到饲料颗粒;
(7)稻田施肥:每亩施过磷酸钙30kg,新鲜干草木灰55kg;
(8)龙虾捕捞:待水稻蜡熟期时,进行龙虾捕捞。
实施例3
一种稻田中养殖小龙虾的方法,其特征在于,所述养殖小龙虾方法包括以下步骤:
(1)稻田准备:选择水源充足,水质好无污染,土壤肥沃,保水性好,旱季易调水,雨季易排水,光照充足的田块;
(2)稻田改造:首先对稻田田埂进行加高加固,使田埂高度高于稻田平面,之后沿稻田田埂内侧四周开挖环形养殖沟,沟宽1.8m,深为1.3m,环形养殖沟离田埂0.6m,环形养殖沟内设置进水口和排水口,进水口和排水口分别用钢丝网围住;
(3)稻田消毒:放苗前15天进行沟内消毒,将环形养殖沟内的淤泥进行清除,之后通过生石灰对环形养殖沟和稻田进行消毒,消毒后在环形养殖沟内种植水草;
(4)种植秧苗:选择抗倒伏能力强,抗病虫害能力强的中稻品种进行栽植,控制株距为10cm,行距为20cm;
(5)放养虾苗:挑选为带病原菌、未经过药浴、抗病能力强的小龙虾幼苗,投放到水体重,每亩放养1.4万尾小龙虾;
(6)饲料喂养:小龙虾幼苗投放后,每天上午、下午各用有机饲料喂料一次,所述上午喂料量和下午喂料量的比例为3.5:6.35;
所述有机饲料由以下原料制备而成:小麦粉35份、菜粕16份、南瓜粉27份、米糠24份、豆饼17份、麸皮24份、何首乌7份、芝麻油渣8份;将上述原料按比例配置,通过搅拌机搅拌之后从挤出机挤出得到饲料颗粒;
(7)稻田施肥:每亩施过磷酸钙22kg,新鲜干草木灰48kg;
(8)龙虾捕捞:待水稻蜡熟期时,进行龙虾捕捞。
本发明通过虾稻连作,促进了种植业与养殖业的有机结合,使虾和稻之间形成良性循环的生态共生系统,有利于节约资源,提高资源的利用率。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (1)
1.一种稻田中养殖小龙虾的方法,其特征在于,所述养殖小龙虾方法包括以下步骤:
(1)稻田准备:选择水源充足,水质好无污染,土壤肥沃,保水性好,旱季易调水,雨季易排水,光照充足的田块;
(2)稻田改造:首先对稻田田埂进行加高加固,使田埂高度高于稻田平面,之后沿稻田田埂内侧四周开挖环形养殖沟,沟宽1.4-2.2m,深为1.1-1.4m,环形养殖沟离田埂0.4-0.8m,环形养殖沟内设置进水口和排水口,进水口和排水口分别用钢丝网围住;
(3)稻田消毒:放苗前15天进行沟内消毒,将环形养殖沟内的淤泥进行清除,之后通过生石灰对环形养殖沟和稻田进行消毒,消毒后在环形养殖沟内种植水草;
(4)种植秧苗:选择抗倒伏能力强,抗病虫害能力强的中稻品种进行栽植,控制株距为6-13cm,行距为18-22cm;
(5)放养虾苗:挑选为带病原菌、未经过药浴、抗病能力强的小龙虾幼苗,投放到水体重,每亩放养1.2-1.6万尾小龙虾;
(6)饲料喂养:小龙虾幼苗投放后,每天上午、下午各用有机饲料喂料一次,所述上午喂料量和下午喂料量的比例为3.5:6.35;
所述有机饲料由以下原料制备而成:小麦粉30-40份、菜粕15-18份、南瓜粉21-30份、米糠22-26份、豆饼15-20份、麸皮18-30份、何首乌5-10份、芝麻油渣5-10份;将上述原料按比例配置,通过搅拌机搅拌之后从挤出机挤出得到饲料颗粒;
(7)稻田施肥:每亩施过磷酸钙15-30kg,新鲜干草木灰40-55kg;
(8)龙虾捕捞:待水稻蜡熟期时,进行龙虾捕捞。
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