CN108545010B - 一种冷藏车厢板的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种冷藏车厢板及其制备方法,该冷藏车厢板,包括框架复合结构和通过热熔胶粘接在框架复合结构上、下表面的蒙皮;框架复合结构包括A层和B层,其中A层包括框架和填充在框架中的结皮聚氨酯泡沫板;B层为结皮聚氨酯泡沫板,A层和B层通过热熔胶粘接;框架采用多个防水木条制成,在高压下将防水剂注入普通木材内部形成防水木材,将防水木材加工成防水木条。该冷藏车厢板防水性能好、保温效果好,采用双层消缝复合结构,既可以保证夹芯板具备一定的刚度,又能有效消除泡沫缝隙产生的热传导,阻断热量传递,保温效果显著。且制板效率高:采用快速成型的制板工艺,实现对部件的快速定位,一块夹芯板复合成型只需10~15min,制板效率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于冷藏车领域,具体涉及一种冷藏车厢板及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前冷藏车厢板主要为注入式发泡结构和普通三明治结构。其中,注入式发泡结构:将夹芯板骨架与内外蒙皮通过胶黏剂压制粘接成型,然后用工装夹具固定,将发泡的浇注料从夹芯板端口浇注,浇注完毕后封闭端口并固定,使浇注料充分发泡并固化成型,卸除工装夹具,通过泡沫料将蒙皮与骨架共同粘接在一起。
注入式发泡结构存在如下缺点:
1)层间结构强度低:发泡的泡沫孔隙偏大,导致蒙皮与泡沫面粘接较差;孔隙率偏大导致泡沫压缩强度偏低;
2)防水性能差;木框架未做过处理,水蒸气容易通过木材表面的空隙和损坏处渗入到木材内部,木材易变形、腐烂;金属钢框架接触水容易生锈;
3)制板效率低:预发泡大板需要工装夹具固定、拆卸;发泡过程受控性差,需要及时清理泡沫残渣,操作繁琐;
4)保温性差:发泡均匀性较差,容易产生大泡、空洞等缺陷,导热系数偏低。
普通三明治结构:将切割好的硬质聚氨酯泡沫块料放入预制的框架中,通过胶黏剂(聚氨酯胶黏剂、环氧胶粘剂、不饱和树脂等)将上下蒙皮与其复合成型 (热压、冷压、真空负压成型等)。
普通三明治结构存在如下缺点:
1)施工条件差:普通硬质聚氨酯泡加工后表面由于静电作用易积聚粉尘,很难清理干净,粘接效果差;液体胶黏剂易流挂,对未粘接的区域和设备需要保护,操作环境较差;液体胶黏剂用量大;
2)防水性能差;木框架未做过处理,水蒸气容易通过木材表面的空隙和损坏处渗入到木材内部,木材易变形、腐烂;金属钢框架接触水容易生锈;
3)制板效率低:制板时普遍采用液体胶黏剂,采用常温真空负压时压制时间≥6h,采用热压时,固化时间60~80℃,压制时间1~2h,制板周期长;
4)保温性差:芯材与芯材,芯材与框架间存在难以避免的缝隙,为热量传递提供通道,容易发生热对流,造成冷能泄漏。
基于上述陈述,现有的冷藏车厢板大多存在制板效率低、保温性差、层间结构强度低等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种冷藏车厢板及其制备方法,解决现有技术中冷藏车厢板大多存在制板效率低、保温性差、层间结构强度低的技术问题。
为了实现上述目的,本发明通过如下的技术方案来实现:
一种冷藏车厢板,包括框架复合结构和通过热熔胶粘接在框架复合结构上、下表面的蒙皮;
所述框架复合结构包括A层和B层,其中A层包括框架和填充在框架中的结皮聚氨酯泡沫板;B层为结皮聚氨酯泡沫板,A层和B层通过热熔胶粘接;
所述框架采用多个防水木条制成,在50~70Mpa的高压下将防水剂注入普通木材内部形成防水木材,防水木材的吸水率≤0.5%,按设计尺寸要求将防水木材加工成防水木条。
框架作为冷藏车厢板加强肋,提高了整体强度。防水木材的吸水率≤0.5%(普通木材一般为10%~20%),杜绝了普通木材吸水引发的变重,膨胀甚至腐烂的问题;防水木材表面硬度高,刚性好,具备优良的握钉力,便于拼装,且木材质量轻,制成的冷藏车质量轻,能耗低。
所述框架复合结构为双层结构,保温性好、强度高。采用热熔胶粘接,初粘性好,无流挂,通过短时间的保压,即可实现快速固化,与木材及芯材有良好的表面亲和力,粘接强度高,为板材成型效率提供有力保证。
结皮硬质聚氨酯泡沫板的粘接面上覆盖有一层增强表面毡,可以根据设计要求直接切块,杜绝了普通聚氨酯泡沫在加工时粘接面易产生粉尘的问题,简化了操作流程,降低了粉尘的产生,增强表面毡的存在提高了胶黏剂与结皮硬质聚氨酯泡沫板表面的接触面积,避免了粘接不牢的问题。采用连续线生产,生产效率高,结皮聚氨酯泡沫板作为芯材,密度均匀,尺寸稳定性在-0.3%~-0.1%,远低于国标±5%。
进一步改进,所述框架复合结构的B层为一整块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板或采用多块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板拼接成型;当B层采用多块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板拼接成型时,多块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板的拼接缝与A层中的拼接缝不重叠,并通过快干胶填充A 层、B层中拼接缝。采用双层消缝复合结构,既可以保证夹芯板具备一定的刚度,又能有效消除泡沫缝隙产生的热传导,阻断热量传递,保温效果显著。
进一步改进,所述框架复合结构的B层中开设有凹槽,凹槽中设置型材或/ 和埋铁。通过设置型材或/和埋铁,便于安装外部设备,提供着力点;另外,提高了冷藏车厢板的强度。
进一步改进,所述蒙皮为1.5mm~3mm厚的食品级玻璃钢或热塑性增强复合材料,耐冲击、轻质高强,环境适应性强。
上述冷藏车厢板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)、准备若干张防火型结皮硬质聚氨酯泡沫板、两张蒙皮、热熔胶和普通木材;
2)、制备框架:在50~70Mpa的高压下将防水剂注入普通木材内部,木材纤维间的空隙被防水剂与木材纤维素基团分子上活性基团的反应物填充,将水分的进出通道关闭,形成防水木材,防水木材的吸水率≤0.5%,按设计尺寸要求将防水木材加工成防水木条,将防水木条通过木工钉组合成框架;
3)、在第一张蒙皮的一粘接面上施涂一层热熔胶,然后将框架放置到涂有热熔胶的蒙皮表面;再按照框架的设计尺寸将部分结皮聚氨酯泡沫板切割成小块,并依次填充到框架中,最后施压成型,得到下表面粘接有蒙皮的A层,并通过快干胶填充A层中拼接缝;
4)、在A层的上表面通过热熔胶粘接B层,B层为一整块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板或采用多块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板拼接成型,当B层采用多块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板拼接成型时,多块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板的拼接缝与A层中的拼接缝不重叠,并通过快干胶填充B层中拼接缝;
5)、在B层结皮聚氨酯泡沫板上铣削凹槽,在凹槽中型材或/和埋铁;
6)、在第二张蒙皮粘接面上施涂热熔胶,并将其粘接到B层的上表面,然后施压成型,制成冷藏车厢板。
进一步改进,根据安装需求,如果某些冷藏车厢板的侧面需要安装外部部件,则该冷藏车厢板的对应侧面通过固定设置预制金属板对外部部件进行铆接或螺接,预制金属板提供着力点。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、施工条件好:采用结皮聚氨酯硬质泡沫板,粘接表面做出特殊处理,并用纤维增强了表面强度,在制板时粘接面无粉尘,粘接强度高;采用快速固化的热熔胶,胶黏剂使用量仅为液体胶黏剂的1/4-1/3,不流挂,施胶均匀,操作环境良好。
2、防水性能好:采用防水型木骨架,骨架防水,水分不会通过破损处渗透到木材内部;力学强度高,组装性能强。
3、制板效率高:采用快速成型的制板工艺,实现对部件的快速定位,一块夹芯板复合成型只需10~15min,制板效率高。
4、保温效果好:采用双层消缝复合结构,既可以保证夹芯板具备一定的刚度,又能有效消除泡沫缝隙产生的热传导,阻断热量传递,保温效果显著。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述冷藏车厢板结构的剖面示意图。
具体实施例
为使本发明的目的和技术方案更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
实施例一:
如图1所示,在本实施例中,一种冷藏车厢板,包括框架复合结构、框架和上蒙皮4、下蒙皮3;所述框架复合结构包括A层1和B层2,其中A层包括框架和填充在框架中的结皮聚氨酯泡沫板;B层为一整块结皮聚氨酯泡沫,A层和 B层通过热熔胶粘接;所述框架采用多个防水木条5制成。在上本实施例中,所述框架复合结构的B层中开设有凹槽,凹槽中设置型材和埋铁。在本实施例中型材为防水木条;在其他实施例中,型材可以为金属型材、玻璃钢型材或防水木材型材中的一种或几种组合。
在本实施例中,冷藏车厢板的侧面通过固定设置预制金属板6为安装外部部件提供着力点。所述蒙皮为3mm厚的食品级玻璃钢。在其他实施例中,蒙皮可以为热塑性增强复合材料。
在其他实施例中,B层采用多块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板拼接成型,多块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板的拼接缝与A层中的拼接缝不重叠,并通过快干胶填充A层、B层中拼接缝。
实施例二:
实施例一中冷藏车厢板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)、准备若干张防火型结皮硬质聚氨酯泡沫板、两张蒙皮、热熔胶和普通木材;
2)、制备框架:在50~70Mpa的高压下将防水剂注入普通木材内部,木材纤维间的空隙被防水剂与木材纤维素基团分子上活性基团的反应物填充,将水分的进出通道关闭,形成防水木材,防水木材的吸水率≤0.5%,按设计尺寸要求将防水木材加工成防水木条,将防水木条通过木工钉组合成框架;
3)、在第一张蒙皮的一粘接面上施涂一层热熔胶,然后将框架放置到涂有热熔胶的蒙皮表面;再按照框架的设计尺寸将部分结皮聚氨酯泡沫板切割成小块,并依次填充到框架中,最后施压成型,得到下表面粘接有蒙皮的A层,并通过快干胶填充A层中拼接缝;
4)、在A层的上表面通过热熔胶粘接B层,B层为一整块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板。在其他实施例中,采用多块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板拼接成型,多块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板的拼接缝与A层中的拼接缝不重叠,并通过快干胶填充B层中拼接缝;
5)、在B层结皮聚氨酯泡沫板上铣削凹槽,在凹槽中型材或/和埋铁;
6)、在第二张蒙皮粘接面上施涂热熔胶,并将其粘接到B层的上表面,然后施压成型,制成冷藏车厢板。
7)、在冷藏车厢板的对应侧面通过固定设置预制金属板为安装外部部件提供着力点。
对上述冷藏车厢板进行性能检测:
1)、导热系数测定:
采用DRCD-5050型导热系数测定仪(依据GB/T 10294-2008)对样板进行9 个时间段内(每个时间段为半小时)的检测,测试结果为K=0.02872W/㎡K,如下表1所示:
表1导热系数测定结果
2)施筒剥离强度测试:
采用50T万能拉力机,依据GB/T 1457-2005对样板小样进行检测,测试结果为22.14N.mm/mm,如下表2所示:
表2施筒剥离试验结果
通过上述试验表明,1、该冷藏车厢板的导热系数低;采用双层非金属复合结构能有效地降低热传递所造成的热量损失;保温板中的空隙通过双层复合结构及胶黏剂的填充,能有效避免空气对流造成的热量损失。2、抗撕裂强度高,刚性好,结构稳定。
本发明中未做特别说明的均为现有技术或者通过现有技术即可实现,而且本发明中所述具体实施案例仅为本发明的较佳实施案例而已,并非用来限定本发明的实施范围。即凡依本发明申请专利范围的内容所作的等效变化与修饰,都应作为本发明的技术范畴。
Claims (4)
1.一种冷藏车厢板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)、准备若干张防火型结皮硬质聚氨酯泡沫板、两张蒙皮、热熔胶和普通木材;
2)、制备框架:在50~70Mpa的高压下将防水剂注入普通木材内部,木材纤维间的空隙被防水剂与木材纤维素基团分子上活性基团的反应物填充,将水分的进出通道关闭,形成防水木材,防水木材的吸水率≤0.5%,按设计尺寸要求将防水木材加工成防水木条,将防水木条通过木工钉组合成框架;
3)、在第一张蒙皮的一粘接面上施涂一层热熔胶,然后将框架放置到涂有热熔胶的蒙皮表面;再按照框架的设计尺寸将部分结皮聚氨酯泡沫板切割成小块,并依次填充到框架中,最后施压成型,得到下表面粘接有蒙皮的A层,并通过快干胶填充A层中拼接缝;
4)、在A层的上表面通过热熔胶粘接B层,B层为一整块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板或采用多块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板拼接成型,当B层采用多块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板拼接成型时,多块结皮聚氨酯泡沫板的拼接缝与A层中的拼接缝不重叠,并通过快干胶填充B层中拼接缝;
5)、在B层结皮聚氨酯泡沫板上铣削凹槽,在凹槽中设置型材或/和埋铁;
6)、在第二张蒙皮粘接面上施涂热熔胶,并将其粘接到B层的上表面,然后施压成型,制成冷藏车厢板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的冷藏车厢板制备方法,其特征在于,所述型材为金属型材、玻璃钢型材或防水木材型材中的一种或几种组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的冷藏车厢板制备方法,其特征在于,所述蒙皮为1.5mm~3mm厚的食品级玻璃钢或热塑性增强复合材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的冷藏车厢板制备方法,其特征在于,根据安装需求,如果某些冷藏车厢板的侧面需要安装外部部件,则该冷藏车厢板的对应侧面通过固定设置预制金属板对外部部件进行铆接或螺接。
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