CN108539426B - Lens and method for generating multimode vortex electromagnetic wave based on one-bit transmission mode - Google Patents
Lens and method for generating multimode vortex electromagnetic wave based on one-bit transmission mode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention adopts a novel one-bit transmission type metamaterial unit, controls the coding distribution of the unit on the lens through an algorithm, can generate electromagnetic vortex wave beams with different modes, and solves the problem that the existing vortex wave lens can only generate single-mode vortex wave beams under single working frequency. The metamaterial unit is characterized in that two PIN diodes are integrated in the structure of the metamaterial unit, the transmission phase of the digital coding unit can present 180-degree phase difference by applying two different bias voltages, and the phase states are respectively used for representing a digital code '1' and a digital code '0'. The lens comprises 20 × 20-400 one-bit transmission coding units, and each coding unit comprises 4 layers of metal structures and 3 layers of dielectric layers which are alternately arranged. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of small loss, high transmission stability, low cost, easy processing, high integration level and the like; meanwhile, the beam divergence problem of vortex electromagnetic waves can be effectively improved by means of the electromagnetic regulation function of the novel metamaterial.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a lens and a method for generating multimode vortex electromagnetic waves, and particularly relates to a lens and a method for generating multimode vortex electromagnetic waves based on a one-bit transmission type digital coding metamaterial.
Technical Field
With the development of scientific technology, wireless communication continuously advances towards the direction of large bandwidth and high speed, however, the spectrum resources in the space are limited, how to more reasonably utilize the spectrum resources and improve the spectrum utilization rate and the communication speed becomes a research hotspot in the field of current wireless communication; on the other hand, the current high-tech stealth equipment is endlessly developed, and the research on new detection theory and technology becomes more urgent. Vortex electromagnetic waves containing orbital angular momentum are transmitted in a spiral equiphase surface, have angular information dimensionality, have independent multi-topology load characteristics, and are expected to realize brand-new breakthrough in the aspects of improving communication capacity, radar detection performance and the like.
At present, the generation method of microwave frequency range vortex electromagnetic wave mainly includes two methods of annular array antenna method and quasi-optical plane wave conversion method. The circular array method generates vortex wave beams by feeding different phases into the antenna units, and has the obvious advantages that on the premise of not changing the structure of the array antenna, the vortex electromagnetic wave transmission in different modes can be realized by only changing the phases of signals loaded on the array elements, but a large number of phase shifters and complex control networks are required to be introduced, and the complexity and the cost of the system are extremely high. The common quasi-optical method mostly adopts a medium spiral phase plate and a spiral reflecting surface to generate vortex electromagnetic waves, which are all derived from a vortex beam generation method and have the defects of large size, heavy weight, difficult processing and the like when being directly applied to a microwave frequency band. Under the background, the metamaterial and super-surface based planar lens is introduced into the design of the electromagnetic vortex beam antenna, and compared with the traditional optical phase plate, the metamaterial planar lens has the advantages of simple structure, small size and the like; however, the metamaterial vortex wave lens in the prior art can only generate a vortex wave beam of a single mode under a single working frequency, and cannot realize multi-mode multiplexing of vortex electromagnetic waves, thereby bringing great restrictions to practical application.
Based on the background, the invention provides a lens and a method for generating multimode vortex electromagnetic waves based on one-bit transmission type digital coding metamaterial, the novel digital coding metamaterial lens is composed of a specially designed one-bit transmission type metamaterial unit, the transmission phase of the metamaterial unit can be enabled to present 180-degree phase difference by applying two different bias voltages, the two phase states are respectively used for representing a digital code '1' and a digital code '0', and electromagnetic vortex wave beams with different modes can be generated by controlling the coding distribution of the units on the metamaterial lens. The novel digital metamaterial multimode vortex wave lens adopted by the invention has the advantages of small loss, high transmission stability, low cost, easiness in processing, high flexibility and the like; meanwhile, the beam divergence problem of vortex electromagnetic waves can be effectively improved by means of the electromagnetic regulation function of the novel metamaterial.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a lens and a method for generating multimode vortex electromagnetic waves based on one-bit transmission type digital coding metamaterial, and aims to solve the problem that the existing metamaterial vortex wave lens can only generate single-mode vortex wave beams under single working frequency. The novel digital coding metamaterial lens is formed by a specially designed one-bit transmission type metamaterial unit, two diodes are integrated in a unit structure, the transmission phase of the transmission type metamaterial unit can be 180-degree phase difference by applying two different bias voltages, and two phase states are respectively used for representing a digital code '1' and a digital code '0'; by applying a specific bias voltage to control the encoding distribution of the cells on the metamaterial lens, electromagnetic vortex beams of different modes can be generated.
The detailed technical scheme is as follows:
the electric field expression of the vortex electromagnetic wave is as follows:
wherein l is the orbital angular momentum mode corresponding to the generated vortex electromagnetic wave,
is the azimuth angle. In the propagation process of the vortex electromagnetic wave, a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wave beam is not an equiphase plane any more, and the phase delay amount of one rotation around the optical axis in the plane is delta-2 pi l, so that the vortex electromagnetic wave can be obtained by controlling the phase delay of incident waves at different azimuth angles. The invention relates to a one-bit transmission-based digital coding superThe novel multimode vortex wave lens comprises 20 multiplied by 20-400 one-bit coding metamaterial units (3), a feed source (1) is positioned in the direction of the central axis of the novel digital coding metamaterial lens (2), and the compensation phase corresponding to any metamaterial unit (3) on the metamaterial lens (2) is delta1L · arctan (y/x), where x and y are the abscissa and ordinate of the metamaterial unit (3) with respect to the center of the metamaterial lens (2). Meanwhile, in order to compensate the path difference of the electromagnetic wave from the feed source (1) to different units on the metamaterial lens (2) and improve the gain of the transmitted beam, a phase compensation quantity is required to be added
F is the vertical distance from the feed source (1) to the metamaterial lens (2), and lambda is the wavelength of incident waves. Thus, the compensation phase of any metamaterial unit (3) on the metamaterial lens (2) is as follows:
the compensation phase delta is subjected to one-bit quantization to obtain a quantized phase delta q:
where the phase quantization state δ q ═ 0 corresponds to the number "0", and the phase quantization state δ q ═ pi corresponds to the number "1". Therefore, when linearly polarized incident waves generated by the feed source (1) pass through the one-bit transmission type metamaterial unit (3), one-bit coding modulation is carried out according to a calculation formula of the quantization phase delta q, and electromagnetic vortex beams with different modes can be generated by controlling the coding distribution of the metamaterial unit (3) on the metamaterial lens (2).
The invention discloses a lens for generating multimode vortex electromagnetic waves based on a one-bit transmission type digital coding metamaterial, which adopts a novel one-bit transmission type digital coding metamaterial unit (3), wherein the structure of the metamaterial unit (3) consists of 4 layers of metal structures and 3 layers of dielectric layers which are alternately arranged, and the lens sequentially comprises the following components in sequence from top to bottom: the device comprises a PIN diode I (301), a PIN diode II (302), an emitting layer metal patch (303), a ground via hole (304), an upper layer dielectric substrate (305), a central metalized connecting hole (306), a metal floor (307), a semi-solidified bonding sheet (308), a bias layer (309), a lower layer dielectric substrate (310), a metalized bias connecting hole (311) and a receiving layer metal patch (312). The transmitting layer metal patch (303) is an oval patch loaded with an O-shaped groove, the receiving layer metal patch (312) is an oval patch loaded with a U-shaped groove, and the transmitting layer metal patch and the receiving layer metal patch are connected through a metalized connecting hole (306) in the center of the metamaterial unit (3); the transmitting layer metal patch (303) is connected with the metal floor (307) through a ground via hole (304), and the receiving layer metal patch (312) is connected with the bias layer (309) through a metalized bias connecting hole (311); a PIN diode I (301) and a PIN diode II (302) are integrated on the emitting layer metal patch (303), the transmission phase of the metamaterial unit (3) can be enabled to present a phase difference of 180 degrees by applying two different bias voltages, and the two phase states are respectively used for representing a digital code '1' and a digital code '0'; the bias layer (309) comprises two symmetrically arranged series-connected crescent distributed capacitors and meander line distributed inductors, and the main function of the bias layer is to improve the isolation between the radio frequency signal and the bias direct current; the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate (305) and the lower dielectric substrate (310) of the unit is h 1.524mm, the relative dielectric constant is epsilon r 3.48, the thickness of the semi-solidified bonding sheet (308) is h 0.1016mm, and the relative dielectric constant is epsilon r' 3.38. The arrangement width of the metamaterial units (3) in the metamaterial lens (2) is larger than the beam width of the feed source (1).
Compared with the prior art, the method utilizes the regulation and control capability of the digital coding metamaterial on incident waves to realize the conversion of the incident spherical waves into high-gain multimode electromagnetic vortex beams. The method has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the traditional annular array for generating multimode vortex electromagnetic waves, the novel multimode vortex wave lens based on the transmission type digital coding metamaterial does not need complex feed and control networks, has a very simple integral structure, and is convenient to transport and store;
2. the method simplifies the traditional method for analyzing the metamaterial vortex wave lens by using equivalent medium parameters, realizes the accurate regulation and control of the vortex electromagnetic wave mode from the angle of digital coding, and has simple method and simple design;
3. the invention realizes the generation of multi-mode electromagnetic vortex wave beams with higher gain on the same working frequency and the same lens opening surface, and solves the problem that the traditional vortex wave lens can not generate multi-mode vortex wave beams;
4. the transmission type digital coding metamaterial lens adopts the conventional PCB process, is easy to process and convenient for mass production, and has the advantages of small thickness, low cost, high integration level and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel multimode vortex wave lens based on a one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial according to the present invention.
FIG. 2(a) is an exploded view of a novel one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial unit in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2(b) is a diagram of the size of the elliptical metal patch structure of the emitting layer of the novel one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial unit of the present invention.
FIG. 2(c) is a diagram of the structure size of the bias layer of the novel one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial unit of the present invention.
FIG. 2(d) is a diagram of the size of the oval metal patch structure of the receiving layer of the novel one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial unit of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit model of diodes under different biases used in the novel one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial unit of the present invention.
Fig. 4(a) is an amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of a scattering parameter of a one-bit transmissive digitally-encoded metamaterial unit according to the present invention when the characterization number is "1" (i.e., the phase quantization state δ q ═ pi).
Fig. 4(b) is an amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of a scattering parameter of a one-bit transmissive digitally-encoded metamaterial unit according to the present invention when the characterization number is "0" (i.e., the phase quantization state δ q is 0).
FIG. 4(c) is a phase-frequency characteristic curve of scattering parameters of a one-bit transmissive digitally-encoded metamaterial unit according to the present invention when two digital states "1" and "0" are represented.
Fig. 5(a) is a unit code distribution corresponding to a one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial lens in embodiment 1 of the present invention when generating a mode l-2 vortex electromagnetic wave.
Fig. 5(b) is a spatial radiation pattern of l-2 vortex electromagnetic waves generated by a one-bit transmissive digitally-encoded metamaterial lens in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5(c) is a spatial radiation phase distribution diagram of a mode l-2 vortex electromagnetic wave generated by a one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial lens in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6(a) is a unit code distribution corresponding to a one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial lens in embodiment 2 of the present invention when generating a mode l-1 vortex electromagnetic wave.
Fig. 6(b) is a spatial radiation pattern of a mode l-1 vortex electromagnetic wave generated by a one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial lens in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 6(c) is a spatial radiation phase distribution diagram of a mode l-1 vortex electromagnetic wave generated by a one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial lens in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 7(a) is a unit code distribution corresponding to a one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial lens in embodiment 3 of the present invention when generating a mode l ═ 0 vortex electromagnetic wave.
Fig. 7(b) is a spatial radiation pattern of a mode l-0 vortex electromagnetic wave generated by a one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial lens in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 7(c) is a spatial radiation phase distribution diagram of a mode l-0 vortex electromagnetic wave generated by a one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial lens in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 8(a) is a unit code distribution corresponding to a one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial lens in embodiment 4 of the present invention when generating a mode l ═ 1 vortex electromagnetic wave.
Fig. 8(b) is a spatial radiation pattern of a +1 vortex electromagnetic wave with a mode l generated by a one-bit transmissive digitally-encoded metamaterial lens in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 8(c) is a spatial radiation phase distribution diagram of a +1 vortex electromagnetic wave with a mode l generated by a one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial lens in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 9(a) is a unit code distribution corresponding to a one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial lens in embodiment 5 of the present invention when generating a mode l ═ 2 vortex electromagnetic wave.
Fig. 9(b) is a spatial radiation pattern of a +2 vortex electromagnetic wave with a mode l generated by a one-bit transmissive digitally-encoded metamaterial lens in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 9(c) is a spatial radiation phase distribution diagram of a mode l +2 vortex electromagnetic wave generated by a one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial lens in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail a novel multimode vortex wave lens based on a one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings:
please refer to the structural schematic diagram of the novel digital coding metamaterial vortex wave lens shown in fig. 1, wherein the feed source (1) is positioned in the central axis direction of the novel digital metamaterial lens (2), and a linear polarization directional antenna is adopted; linearly polarized incident waves generated by the feed source (1) are transmitted through the digital coding metamaterial lens (2), one-bit digital coding modulation is carried out through the metamaterial unit (3), electromagnetic vortex beams with different modes can be generated by controlling the coding distribution of the units on the lens, and the spatial spiral phase wavefront exp (il phi) of the transmitted electromagnetic waves is realized. The arrangement width of the metamaterial units (3) in the metamaterial lens (2) is larger than the beam width of the feed source (1); the novel digital coding metamaterial lens totally comprises 20 multiplied by 20-400 one-bit transmission type digital coding metamaterial units (3), and the theoretical compensation phase of any metamaterial unit (3) on the metamaterial lens (2) is
F is the vertical distance from the feed source (1) to the metamaterial lens (2), x and y are the abscissa and ordinate of any metamaterial unit (3) relative to the center of the metamaterial lens (2), and lambda is the incident wave wavelength. And carrying out one-bit quantization on the compensation phase delta to obtain a quantized phase delta q:
where the phase quantization state δ q ═ 0 corresponds to the number "0", and the phase quantization state δ q ═ pi corresponds to the number "1".
Referring to fig. 2, the detailed structure of the novel one-bit transmissive digitally-encoded metamaterial unit (3) is composed of 4 metal structures and 3 dielectric layers which are alternately arranged, and the detailed structure sequentially includes: the device comprises a PIN diode I (301), a PIN diode II (302), an emitting layer metal patch (303), a ground via hole (304), an upper layer dielectric substrate (305), a central metalized connecting hole (306), a metal floor (307), a semi-solidified bonding sheet (308), a bias layer (309), a lower layer dielectric substrate (310), a metalized bias connecting hole (311) and a receiving layer metal patch (312). The transmitting layer metal patch (303) is an oval patch loaded with an O-shaped groove, the receiving layer metal patch (312) is an oval patch loaded with a U-shaped groove, and the transmitting layer metal patch and the receiving layer metal patch are connected through a metalized connecting hole (306) in the center of the unit; the transmitting layer metal patch (303) is connected with the metal floor (307) through a ground via hole (304), and the receiving layer metal patch (312) is connected with the bias layer (309) through a metalized bias connecting hole (311); a PIN diode I (301) and a PIN diode II (302) are integrated on the emitting layer metal patch (303), the transmission phase of the metamaterial unit can be enabled to present a phase difference of 180 degrees by applying two different bias voltages, and the two phase states are respectively used for representing a digital code '1' and a digital code '0'; the bias layer (309) comprises two symmetrically arranged series-connected crescent distributed capacitors and meander line distributed inductors, and the main function of the bias layer is to improve the isolation between the radio frequency signal and the bias direct current; the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate (305) and the lower dielectric substrate (310) of the unit is h 1.524mm, the relative dielectric constant is epsilon r 3.48, the thickness of the semi-solidified bonding sheet (308) is h 0.1016mm, and the relative dielectric constant is epsilon r' 3.38.
The specific model adopted by the PIN diode I (301) and the PIN diode II (302) integrated in the digital metamaterial unit (3) is M/A-COM Flip Chip MA4FCP305, and the model is equivalent circuit model of the diode under different biasesPlease refer to fig. 3. When in the conducting state, the diode can be equivalent to a series resistor RON2.1 Ω; when in the off state, the diode can be equivalent to a parallel capacitor COFF＝0.05pF。
FIG. 4 is an amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristic curve of scattering parameters of a one-bit transmission type digital coding metamaterial unit when representing two digital states of '1' and '0'. The quantization state of the phase corresponding to the number "1" is δ q ═ 180 °, at this time, the PIN diode I (301) is in the on state, and the PIN diode II (302) is in the off state; the phase quantization state corresponding to the number "0" is δ q ═ 0 °, and at this time, PIN diode I (301) is in the off state and PIN diode II (302) is in the on state. The unit keeps better transmission characteristics in two digital states, the minimum insertion loss is only 0.2dB, the 2dB transmission bandwidth of the transmission unit can reach 10%, and the transmission phase difference in the two digital states is kept at 180 degrees.
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to five specific embodiments: the embodiments are all carried out on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and the embodiments and specific operation processes are given in the examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1: generating an orbital angular momentum mode l-2 vortex electromagnetic wave based on a one-bit transmission type digital coding metamaterial lens.
Specifically, referring to fig. 5, the center operating frequency of the feed source (1) is selected to be F ═ 7.5GHz, and the vertical distance from the feed source (1) to the metamaterial lens (2) is F ═ 5 λ ═ 200 mm; the total size of the metamaterial lens (2) is 400 x 400mm2And the unit side length is D ═ lambda/2 ═ 20 mm. When the mode of the transmitted generated vortex electromagnetic wave is l-2, the unit code distribution corresponding to the metamaterial lens (2) when the mode l-2 vortex electromagnetic wave is generated is obtained according to a calculation formula of a one-bit digital code quantization phase δ q as shown in fig. 5(a), and then different bias voltages are applied to the digital code metamaterial unit (3), so that the designed vortex mode can be realized.
Simulation calculation is performed on the far-field characteristic of the digital coding metamaterial lens in the embodiment 1 of the invention by using Ansoft HFSS electromagnetic simulation software, and the far-field radiation pattern of the l-2 modal vortex electromagnetic wave is obtained and is shown in fig. 5 (b); it can be seen that the vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum forms a ring-shaped region with higher radiation around the central axis of the lens, the energy in the central region interferes and destructively forms a cavity with zero intensity, and the larger the propagation distance, the larger the cavity area becomes, which means that the central intensity is kept to be zero during the propagation process, and the overall radiation beam is in a conical divergence shape. Fig. 5(c) shows the spatial phase distribution of the l-2 mode vortex electromagnetic wave, from which the central phase singularity and the spiral phase structure unique to the vortex electromagnetic wave can be clearly observed, and the central phase singularity and the spiral phase structure rotate around the center in a clockwise direction, the phase of the electromagnetic wave becomes gradually smaller, the phase change corresponds to two phase periods of-4 pi, and the spiral phase wavefront possessed by the vortex electromagnetic wave beam is perfectly shown.
Example 2: generating an orbital angular momentum mode l-1 vortex electromagnetic wave based on a one-bit transmission type digital coding metamaterial lens.
Referring to fig. 6, the present embodiment will be described in detail, and the center operating frequency of the feed source (1) is similarly selected to be f 7.5GHz, and a geometric positional relationship is selected in accordance with example 1 with reference to example 1. When the mode of the transmitted generated vortex electromagnetic wave is l-1, the corresponding unit code distribution of the metamaterial lens (2) when the mode l-1 vortex electromagnetic wave is generated can be obtained according to the calculation formula of the one-bit digital code quantization phase δ q as shown in fig. 6 (a). Simulation calculation is performed on the far-field characteristic of the digital coding metamaterial lens in embodiment 2 of the invention by using Ansoft HFSS electromagnetic simulation software, and the far-field radiation pattern of the l-1 modal vortex electromagnetic wave is obtained and is shown in fig. 6 (b); it can be seen that the vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum forms an annular region of higher radiation around the central axis of the lens. Fig. 6(c) shows the spatial phase distribution of the l-1 mode vortex electromagnetic wave, from which the central phase singularity and the spiral phase structure specific to the vortex electromagnetic wave can be observed, and the phase of the electromagnetic wave gradually becomes smaller by rotating around the center in a clockwise direction, and the phase change corresponds to a phase period of-2 pi.
Example 3: generating orbital angular momentum mode l ═ 0 vortex electromagnetic waves based on a one-bit transmission type digital coding metamaterial lens.
Referring to fig. 7, the present embodiment will be described in detail, and the center operating frequency of the feed source (1) is similarly selected to be f 7.5GHz, and a geometric positional relationship is selected in accordance with example 1 with reference to example 1. When the mode of the transmitted generated vortex electromagnetic wave is l ═ 0, the corresponding unit code distribution of the metamaterial lens (2) when the mode l ═ 0 vortex electromagnetic wave is generated can be obtained according to the calculation formula of the one-bit digital code quantization phase δ q as shown in fig. 7 (a). The remote field characteristics of the coded metamaterial lens in embodiment 3 of the present invention are simulated and calculated by using Ansoft HFSS electromagnetic simulation software, and the obtained remote field radiation pattern and spatial phase distribution of the electromagnetic wave in the l-0 mode are shown in fig. 7(b) and 7(c), and it can be seen that, at this time, the energy is concentrated in the central region and no interference occurs, the phase of the central region is kept constant, and the typical characteristics of the planar electromagnetic wave are presented.
Example 4: generating orbital angular momentum mode l ═ 1 vortex electromagnetic waves based on a one-bit transmission type digital coding metamaterial lens.
Referring to fig. 8, the present embodiment will be described in detail, and the center operating frequency of the feed source (1) is similarly selected to be f 7.5GHz, and a geometric positional relationship is selected in accordance with example 1 with reference to example 1. When the mode of the transmitted eddy electromagnetic wave is l ═ 1, the corresponding unit code distribution of the metamaterial lens (2) when the mode l ═ 1 eddy electromagnetic wave is generated is shown in fig. 8(a) according to the calculation formula of the one-bit digital code quantization phase δ q. Simulation calculation is performed on the far-field characteristic of the coded metamaterial lens in embodiment 4 of the present invention by using Ansoft HFSS electromagnetic simulation software, and a far-field radiation pattern of a l-1 modal vortex electromagnetic wave is obtained as shown in fig. 8 (b); it can be seen that the vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum forms an annular region of higher radiation around the central axis of the lens. Fig. 8(c) shows the spatial phase distribution of the l ═ 1 mode vortex electromagnetic wave, from which the central phase singularity and the spiral phase structure specific to the vortex electromagnetic wave can be observed, and the phase of the electromagnetic wave gradually increases by rotating around the center in a clockwise direction, and the phase change corresponds to a phase period 2 pi.
Example 5: generating orbital angular momentum mode l ═ 2 vortex electromagnetic waves based on a one-bit transmission type digital coding metamaterial lens.
Referring to fig. 9, the present embodiment will be described in detail, and the center operating frequency of the feed source (1) is similarly selected to be f 7.5GHz, and a geometric positional relationship is selected in accordance with example 1 with reference to example 1. When the mode of the transmitted eddy electromagnetic wave is l ═ 2, the corresponding unit code distribution of the metamaterial lens (2) when the mode l ═ 2 eddy electromagnetic wave is generated is shown in fig. 9(a) according to the calculation formula of the one-bit digital code quantization phase δ q. Simulation calculation is performed on the far-field characteristic of the coded metamaterial lens in the embodiment 5 of the invention by using Ansoft HFSS electromagnetic simulation software, and the far-field radiation pattern of the l-2 modal vortex electromagnetic wave is obtained and is shown in fig. 9 (b); it can be seen that the vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum forms an annular region of higher radiation around the central axis of the lens. Fig. 9(c) shows the spatial phase distribution of the l ═ 2 mode vortex electromagnetic wave, from which the central phase singularity and the spiral phase structure specific to the vortex electromagnetic wave can be observed, and the phase of the electromagnetic wave gradually increases by rotating around the center in a clockwise direction, and the phase change corresponds to two phase periods 4 pi.
The foregoing describes in detail five specific embodiments of the present invention. It is emphasized that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, but that various variations and modifications within the scope of the claims may be made by a person skilled in the relevant art without affecting the essence of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The lens is characterized in that the metamaterial lens (2) is composed of a one-bit transmission type digital coding metamaterial unit (3), and the metamaterial unit (3) is composed of a transmitting layer metal patch (303), an upper layer medium substrate (305), a metal floor (307), a semi-solidified bonding sheet (308), a bias layer (309), a lower layer medium substrate (310) and a receiving layer metal patch (312) which are sequentially arranged;
the transmitting layer metal patch (303) and the receiving layer metal patch (312) are connected through a metalized connecting hole (306) in the center of the metamaterial unit (3); the transmitting layer metal patch (303) is connected with the metal floor (307) through a ground via hole (304), and the receiving layer metal patch (312) is connected with the bias layer (309) through a metalized bias connecting hole (311);
a PIN diode I (301) and a PIN diode II (302) are integrated on the emitting layer metal patch (303);
the transmitting layer metal patch (303) is an oval patch loaded with an O-shaped groove, and the receiving layer metal patch (312) is an oval patch loaded with a U-shaped groove.
2. The lens for generating multimode vortical electromagnetic waves based on a one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the bias layer (309) comprises two symmetrically placed series connected "crescent" distributed capacitances and meander distributed inductances.
3. The lens for generating the multi-mode vortex electromagnetic waves based on the one-bit transmissive digital coding metamaterial according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate (305) and the lower dielectric substrate (310) is 1.524mm, the relative dielectric constant is 3.48, the thickness of the prepreg (308) is 0.1016mm, and the relative dielectric constant is 3.38.
4. The lens for generating the multi-mode vortex electromagnetic wave based on the one-bit transmission type digital coding metamaterial according to claim 3, wherein the arrangement width of the metamaterial units (3) in the metamaterial lens (2) is larger than the beam width of the feed source (1).
5. The lens for generating multi-mode vortex electromagnetic waves based on one-bit transmissive digitally encoded metamaterial according to claim 4, wherein the metamaterial lens (2) comprises a total of 20 x 20-400 metamaterial units (3).
6. Method for generating multimode vortical electromagnetic waves by using the lens according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein for generating vortical electromagnetic waves with orbital angular momentum mode l, the theoretical compensation phase of any metamaterial element (3) on the metamaterial lens (2) is
F is the vertical distance from the feed source (1) to the metamaterial lens (2), x and y are the abscissa and ordinate of any metamaterial unit (3) relative to the center of the metamaterial lens (2), and lambda is the wavelength of incident waves; and carrying out one-bit quantization on the compensation phase delta to obtain a quantized phase delta q:
wherein, the phase quantization state δ q ═ 0 corresponds to the number "0", and the phase quantization state δ q ═ pi corresponds to the number "1";
the feed source (1) is located in the direction of the central axis of the metamaterial lens (2), incident waves generated by the feed source (1) are subjected to one-bit digital coding modulation through the metamaterial unit (3), and electromagnetic vortex beams with different modes can be generated by controlling the coding distribution of the metamaterial unit (3) on the metamaterial lens (2).
7. Method for generating multimode vortical electromagnetic waves according to claim 6, characterised in that the feed (1) employs a linearly polarised directional antenna.
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