CN109755765B - Multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on uniform circular array - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on a uniform circular array, which relates to the technical field of wireless communication and comprises a feed network, an antenna array, a feed probe and a coaxial probe, wherein the feed network comprises a first dielectric substrate, a microstrip circuit printed on the upper surface of the feed network and a grounding metal plate printed on the lower surface of the feed network, the antenna array comprises a plurality of unit antennas arranged above the feed network, the unit antennas are uniformly and circularly arranged, the coaxial probe is connected with the input end of the microstrip circuit, the feed probe is arranged between the antenna array and the feed network, the upper end of the feed probe penetrates through the first dielectric substrate and is connected with the input end of a feeder line, the lower end of the feed probe penetrates through a second dielectric substrate and is connected with the output end of the microstrip circuit, the multimode reconfigurable characteristic can be realized, and the problems of low adjustment precision, low adjustment precision and the like, The switching speed between different modes is slow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on a uniform circular array.
Background
With the development of emerging technologies such as mobile internet, cloud computing and internet of things and the rise of the popularity of mobile terminal equipment, the wireless communication capacity is rapidly increased, and the communication system faces the problems of spectrum resource shortage, insufficient transmission capacity, communication channel blockage and the like. In order to alleviate the contradiction between limited spectrum resources and the wireless communication services that are continuously expanding, the current solutions include techniques such as time division, frequency division, space division, and polarization multiplexing to improve spectrum utilization, which have been developed and utilized more fully, and the transmission capability of the communication link is approaching the limit. In addition, radio spectrum, especially low-band high-quality spectrum, is increasingly used, and increased wireless signals cause mutual interference between spectrums, which results in deterioration of electromagnetic environment and degradation of communication quality. In order to further improve the performance of the wireless communication system, it is necessary to break through the conventional multiplexing technology, and an electromagnetic vortex having any Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) mode can be formed by using the vortex electromagnetic wave technology. Due to the mutual orthogonality among different modes, multiple signals can be modulated onto an OAM wave beam, and information multiplexing transmission on the same carrier frequency is achieved. In addition, the anti-interference capability of plane wave and other modal vortex wave signals can be improved, and therefore the potential of improving the channel capacity and the communication reliability is achieved.
Since b.tide et al, the swedish physical research institute in 2007 introduced OAM into the radio frequency microwave frequency band for the first time, OAM antennas have become an important research direction in the eddy electromagnetic wave technology. Compared with an antenna with a fixed mode number, the OAM mode reconfigurable antenna combines orbital angular momentum with a reconfigurable technology, on one hand, a plurality of intrinsic modes can be generated by means of the aperture of a single antenna, independent receiving and transmitting channels are increased through mode switching, frequency multiplexing and channel capacity increasing are achieved, and signal fading caused by mode mismatch is reduced; on the other hand, the influence of an electromagnetic environment can be eliminated by reconstructing the OAM state of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna, the interference suppression capability of the system in a complex environment is improved, and in addition, the wave beams are encoded and transmitted through different OAM mode values in each time slot, and the OAM-based encoding function can be realized.
In current research work, eddy electromagnetic waves are formed indirectly or directly mainly by the phase modulation principle and the array antenna technology. The antenna beam is subjected to phase modulation by means of structures such as a spiral phase plate, a step-shaped reflecting surface, a transmission grating, an electromagnetic super-surface and the like, and a spiral phase factor can be added on the basis of the original beam to achieve the effect of wave front distortion. However, the specific geometry corresponds to only one phase modulation mode, regardless of the reflective or transmissive structure, and therefore, only OAM eddy electromagnetic waves having a single mode can be generated by using these structures.
For the N-element uniform circular array antenna, in order to generate OAM vortex waves, the excitation of each array element should have the same amplitude but continuous step phase difference
And the OAM mode number l satisfies the relationship:
different phase differences are therefore generally required for the feed network configurations with phase control characteristics. For example, b.y.liu et al propose a dipole array antenna with 1 and-1 reconfigurable OAM modes, load adjustable PIN diodes in a microstrip feed network, and form different unit feed line lengths by the on and off of the PIN diodes, thereby generating two array element excitation phases, but this method only performs phase shift regulation on the feed network, and can only generate two reconfigurable modes, which would lead to a complex feed structure and a large volume if the number of modes is increased. These results are reported in the documents "B.Y.Liu, G.Y.Lin, Y.H.cui, et al.An Orbital Angular Molar (OAM) model configurable Antenna for Channel Capacity Improvement and Digital Data encoding scientific Reports,2017,7(1), pp: 1-9".
In addition, the nlong et al in the science and technology of the west ampere electronics propose that a unit antenna rotates around a coaxial line to form different phase differences among array elements, and the multimode OAM mechanical reconfigurable characteristic of the array antenna is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on a uniform circular array to simplify the complex structure of an array feed network during multimode reconfiguration and improve the speed and the precision of regulation in an electronic regulation mode aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on a uniform circular array, which comprises a feed network, an antenna array, a feed probe and a coaxial probe, wherein:
the feed network comprises a first dielectric substrate, a microstrip circuit printed on the upper surface of the feed network and a grounding metal plate printed on the lower surface of the feed network, and is used for generating radio-frequency signals with specific phase difference and inputting the radio-frequency signals into the antenna array;
the antenna array comprises a plurality of unit antennas arranged above the feed network and used for radiating vortex electromagnetic waves, wherein the unit antennas are uniformly and circularly arranged;
the coaxial probe comprises a solid metal column arranged at the circle center of the first dielectric substrate, sequentially penetrates through the grounding metal plate and the first dielectric substrate, is connected with the input end of the microstrip circuit, and is used for inputting radio-frequency signals to the feed network;
the feed probe comprises eight solid metal columns arranged between the antenna array and the feed network, the feed probe is used for respectively transmitting radio-frequency signals with specific phase difference generated by the feed network to each unit antenna, the upper end of the feed probe penetrates through the second dielectric substrate and is connected with the input end of the feed line, and the lower end of the feed probe is connected with the output end of the microstrip circuit.
Further, the radius of the antenna array is 120mm, and the axis of the antenna array coincides with the axis of the first dielectric substrate.
Further, the microstrip circuit includes a power divider and a serpentine, the power divider includes two stages of power dividers, the first stage of power divider includes 2 equal-amplitude in-phase power dividers, the second stage of power divider includes 2 equal-amplitude in-phase power dividers and 2 equal-amplitude difference-phase power dividers, and fixed phase differences of two output ends of each equal-amplitude difference-phase power divider are both 45 °.
Furthermore, two openings are arranged on the microstrip line connected with the output end of the second-stage power divider, each opening is provided with a switch, two switches on each microstrip line form a group, and the on-off of each group of switches is controlled by an external bias circuit;
the serpentine comprises a first serpentine with 4 sections and the same length and a second serpentine with 4 sections and the phase difference of the two snakes is 45 degrees, two openings are arranged between each section of the serpentine and the microstrip line at the output end of the power divider, a switch is arranged on each opening, two switches on each serpentine form a group, and the on-off of each group of switches is controlled by an external bias circuit.
Further, the unit antenna includes:
a second dielectric substrate, a radiation patch printed on a lower surface of the unit antenna, and a feed line printed on an upper surface of the unit antenna,
the surface of the radiation piece is provided with two arc grooves, so that the feeder line radiates electromagnetic waves to the external space through the arc grooves;
the feeder line is provided with two openings, each opening is provided with a switch, and the on-off state of each switch can be independently controlled through an external bias circuit.
Further, the switch is a PIN diode switch.
The multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on the uniform circular array has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention is based on a uniform circular array, can generate track angular momentum of +/-1 +/-2 +/-3 different modes under the same antenna aperture, and realizes the multi-mode reconfigurable characteristic.
(2) The invention forms the array element phase difference of multi-mode orbital angular momentum, which is generated by the power division phase difference of the feed network, the feed phase difference and the excitation phase difference of the unit antenna. When different simulated orbital angular momentum is generated, only the switching states in the feed network and the unit antennas need to be changed, the switching speed is high, the adjusting precision is high, the complex structural design when only the feed network is used for phase-shifting adjustment is avoided, and an external auxiliary mechanical device is not needed.
(3) The antenna array and the feed network in the invention adopt the printed circuit board technology, and are easy to process and manufacture. The unit antenna in the array adopts a slot coupling feed form, has simple structure, and has wider working frequency band compared with the traditional patch antenna with microstrip line direct feed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on a uniform circular array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a unit antenna of a multi-mode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on a uniform circular array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a microstrip circuit of a multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on a uniform circular array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic layout diagram of an array antenna of a multi-mode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on a uniform circular array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a return loss characteristic of a multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on a uniform circular array when an OAM mode number l is 1, 2, and 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a return loss characteristic of a multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on a uniform circular array when an OAM mode number l is-1, -2, -3, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an electric field phase distribution diagram of the multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on the uniform circular array when the OAM mode number l is 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is an electric field phase distribution diagram of the multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on the uniform circular array when the OAM mode number l is 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is an electric field phase distribution diagram of the multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on the uniform circular array when the OAM mode number l is 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is an electric field phase distribution diagram of the multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on the uniform circular array when the OAM mode number l is-1 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is an electric field phase distribution diagram of the multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on the uniform circular array when the OAM mode number l is-2 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is an electric field phase distribution diagram of the multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on the uniform circular array when the OAM mode number l is-3 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on a uniform circular array, which comprises a first dielectric substrate 1, a microstrip circuit 2, a grounded metal plate 3, a feed probe 4, a coaxial probe 5 and a plurality of unit antennas 23. Wherein:
the first dielectric substrate 1 is made of a circular dielectric material with a relative dielectric constant of 3.5 and a thickness of 0.5mm, and the radius of the circular dielectric material is 200 mm; a grounding metal plate 3 is printed on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, and the shape and the size of the grounding metal plate 3 are the same as those of the first dielectric substrate 1.
8 unit antennas 23 are fixed above the first dielectric substrate 1, the 8 unit antennas 23 form an antenna array, the unit antennas 23 are located on the same horizontal plane 5.5mm away from the grounded metal plate 3 and are arranged at equal intervals along a circumference with a radius of 120mm to form a uniform circular array structure, and the axis of the uniform circular array structure is overlapped with the axis of the first dielectric substrate 1.
The micro-strip circuit 2 is printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, and each output port of the micro-strip circuit 2 provides excitation with the same amplitude and adjustable phase difference for the unit antenna 23 through the feed probe 4, so that vortex electromagnetic waves with different OAM modes are realized. The coaxial probe 5 comprises a solid metal column arranged at the circle center of the first dielectric substrate 1, and the coaxial probe 5 sequentially penetrates through the grounding metal plate 3 and the first dielectric substrate 1 from bottom to top and is connected with the input end of the microstrip circuit 2.
The first dielectric substrate, the microstrip circuit printed on the upper surface of the feed network and the grounding metal plate printed on the lower surface of the feed network form the feed network.
The feed probe 4 comprises eight solid metal columns arranged between the antenna array and the feed network, eight radio-frequency signals generated by the feed network are respectively transmitted to each unit antenna through the feed probe 4, the feed probes 4 are uniformly and circularly arranged, and the upper end of each feed probe 4 penetrates through the second dielectric substrate6 And the lower end of the feed probe 4 is connected with the output end of the microstrip circuit 2.
Referring to fig. 2, the structure of the unit antenna 23 includes a second dielectric substrate 6, a radiation sheet 7, and a feed line 9. The second dielectric substrate 6 is made of a circular dielectric material with the relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and the thickness of 0.5mm, and the radius of the circular dielectric material is 35 mm; the lower surface of the second medium substrate 6 is printed with a radiation sheet 7, the radiation sheet 7 adopts a circular structure with the radius of 26.5mm, two arc-shaped grooves 8 with the radian of 25 degrees and the groove width of 1mm are formed in the two surfaces of the radiation sheet 7, the two arc-shaped grooves 8 are symmetrical about the center of the second medium substrate 6, and the arc-shaped grooves 8 are formed; a feeder line 9 with the length of 36mm is printed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 6, and the feeder line 9 radiates electromagnetic waves to the external space through the arc-shaped groove 8. The feed probe 4 penetrates through the second dielectric substrate 6 and is connected with the input end of the feed line 9.
Referring to fig. 2, two openings are etched in the feed line 9, and a PIN diode switch is disposed on each opening, the two switches are respectively 10 and 11, and the on and off of the switches 10 and 11 can be independently controlled by an external bias circuit. The current distribution on the surface of the unit antenna is changed by controlling the on-off of the switches, and the current directions on the feeder line are opposite when the two switches are respectively conducted, so that two different excitation phase states are obtained, and the phase difference of the two excitation phase states is 180 degrees.
Referring to fig. 3, the structure of the microstrip circuit 2 includes power dividers 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and serpentine lines 19-1, 19-2, 19-3, 19-4, 19-5, 19-6, 19-7, 19-8. The power dividers 12, 13, 15 and 16 are one-to-two constant-amplitude and same-phase power dividers, and the power dividers 14 and 17 are one-to-two constant-amplitude and difference-phase power dividers. The input ends of the power dividers 12 and 13 are connected with two transition branches 18, and the two transition branches 18 both adopt microstrip lines with rectangular structures. The transition branches 18 are arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the position of the coaxial probe 5 and are symmetrical left and right. The output end of the power divider 12 is connected to the input ends of the power dividers 14 and 15, and the output end of the power divider 13 is connected to the input ends of the power dividers 16 and 17. The phase difference between the two phase difference output ends of the power dividers 14 and 17 is 45 degrees. And isolation resistors with the resistance value of 100 ohms are welded at the tail ends of the power dividers.
Referring to fig. 3, two openings are respectively arranged on the microstrip lines connected with the output ends of the power dividers 14, 15, 16 and 17, a switch is arranged on each opening, each two switches form a group and are respectively marked as 20-1, 20-2, 20-3, 20-4, 20-5, 20-6, 20-7 and 20-8, and the on-off of each group of switches is controlled by an external bias circuit.
Referring to FIG. 3, the lengths of the serpentines 19-1, 19-3, 19-5, 19-7 are the same, the lengths of the serpentines 19-2, 19-4, 19-6, 19-8 are the same, and the two serpentines are 45 out of phase. Two openings are arranged between each section of serpentine line and the microstrip line at the output end of the power divider, a switch is arranged on each opening, every two switches form a group and are respectively marked as 21-1, 21-2, 21-3, 21-4, 21-5, 21-6, 21-7 and 21-8, and the on-off of each group of switches is controlled by an external bias circuit.
Referring to fig. 3, the length of the current path of the microstrip circuit is changed by controlling the on/off of the switch on the microstrip circuit 2, so that the feed probe connected to the output end of the power divider obtains two different feed phase differences. The phase difference of the two feeding states of the feeding probes 4-1, 4-3, 4-5 and 4-7 is 45 degrees, and the phase difference of the two feeding states of the output ends 4-2, 4-4, 4-6 and 4-8 is 90 degrees.
Referring to fig. 4, in a clockwise order, the 8 element antennas are respectively marked as 23-1, 23-2, 23-3, 23-4, 23-5, 23-6, 23-7 and 23-8, the element antenna 23-1 is excited by the feeding probe 4-1, and the two switches on the feeding line 8-1 of the element antenna 23-1 are respectively marked as 10-1 and 11-1; the element antenna 23-2 is excited by the feed probe 4-2, and two switches on the feed line 8-2 of the element antenna 23-2 are respectively marked as 10-2 and 11-2; the element antenna 23-3 is excited by the feed probe 4-3, and two switches on the feed line 8-3 of the element antenna 23-3 are respectively marked as 10-3 and 11-3; the element antenna 23-4 is excited by coaxial feed 4-4, and two switches on a feed line 8-4 of the element antenna 23-4 are respectively marked as 10-4 and 11-4; the element antenna 23-5 is excited by the feed probe 4-5, and two switches on the feed line 8-5 of the element antenna 23-5 are respectively marked as 10-5 and 11-5; the element antenna 23-6 is excited by the feed probe 4-6, and two switches on the feed line 8-6 of the element antenna 23-6 are respectively marked as 10-6 and 11-6; the element antenna 23-7 is excited by the feed probe 4-7, and two switches on the feed line 8-7 of the element antenna 23-7 are respectively marked as 10-7 and 11-7; the element antenna 23-8 is excited by the same feed probe 4-8, and two switches on the feeder 8-8 of the element antenna 23-8 are respectively marked as 10-8 and 11-8.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the feed phase and the excitation phase of the array elements are changed by simultaneously controlling the on-off of the switches on the microstrip circuit 2 and the feeder line 9, so that the stepping phase difference between the array elements is generated, and the reconfigurable characteristic of generating 6 different modes of OAM electromagnetic vortexes by the antenna can be realized.
The first mode is as follows: switches 20-1, 21-2, 21-3, 20-4, 20-5, 21-6, 21-7 and 20-8 on the microstrip circuit 2 are turned on, switches 21-1, 20-2, 20-3, 21-4, 21-5, 20-6, 20-7 and 21-8 are turned off, switches 10-1, 11-2, 11-3, 11-4, 11-5, 10-6, 10-7 and 10-8 on the feeder line 9 are turned on, and switches 11-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, 11-6, 11-7 and 11-8 are turned off. The phase differences of the unit antennas 23-2, 23-3, 23-4, 23-5, 23-6, 23-7 and 23-8 relative to the unit antenna 23-1 are respectively 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, 180 degrees, 215 degrees, 270 degrees and 315 degrees, and the stepping phase difference among the unit antennas is
The antenna generatesThe OAM electromagnetic vortex with the mode number l being 1.
Mode two: switches 21-1, 21-2, 20-3, 21-4, 21-5, 21-6, 20-7 and 21-8 on the microstrip circuit are turned on, switches 20-1, 20-2, 21-3, 20-4, 20-5, 20-6, 21-7 and 20-8 are turned off, switches 10-1, 11-2, 11-3, 10-4, 10-5, 11-6, 11-7 and 10-8 on the feeder line 9 are turned on, and switches 11-1, 10-2, 10-3, 11-4, 11-5, 10-6, 10-7 and 11-8 are turned off. The phase differences of the unit antennas 23-2, 23-3, 23-4, 23-5, 23-6, 23-7 and 23-8 relative to the unit antenna 23-1 are respectively 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees, 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, and the stepping phase difference among the unit antennas is
The antenna generates an OAM electromagnetic vortex with a mode number l-2.
Mode three: switches 20-1, 20-2, 21-3, 21-4, 20-5, 20-6, 21-7 and 21-8 on the microstrip circuit are turned on, switches 21-1, 21-2, 20-3, 20-4, 21-5, 21-6, 20-7 and 20-8 are turned off, switches 11-1, 10-2, 11-3, 10-4, 10-5, 11-6, 10-7 and 11-8 on the feeder line are turned on, and switches 10-1, 11-2, 10-3, 11-4, 11-5, 10-6, 11-7 and 10-8 are turned off. The phase differences of the unit antennas 23-2, 23-3, 23-4, 23-5, 23-6, 23-7 and 23-8 relative to the unit antenna 23-1 are respectively 135 degrees, 270 degrees, 45 degrees, 180 degrees, 315 degrees, 90 degrees and 225 degrees, and the stepping phase difference among the unit antennas is
The antenna generates an orbital angular momentum electromagnetic vortex with the mode number l being 3.
And a fourth mode: switches 20-1, 20-2, 21-3, 21-4, 20-5, 20-6, 21-7 and 21-8 on the microstrip circuit are turned on, switches 21-1, 21-2, 20-3, 20-4, 21-5, 21-6, 20-7 and 20-8 are turned off, switches 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, 11-5, 11-6, 11-7 and 11-8 on the feeder line are turned on, and switches 11-1, 11-2, 11-3, 11-4, 10-5, 10-6, 10-7 and 10-8 are turned off. The phase differences of the unit antennas 23-2, 23-3, 23-4, 23-5, 23-6, 23-7 and 23-8 relative to the unit antenna 23-1 are respectively 315 degrees, 270 degrees, 225 degrees, 180 degrees, 135 degrees, 90 degrees and 45 degrees, and the steps among the unit antennas are steppedA phase difference of
The antenna generates an OAM electromagnetic vortex with a mode number l-1.
A fifth mode: switches 21-1, 21-2, 20-3, 21-4, 21-5, 21-6, 20-7 and 21-8 on the microstrip circuit are turned on, switches 20-1, 20-2, 21-3, 20-4, 20-5, 20-6, 21-7 and 20-8 are turned off, switches 10-1, 10-2, 11-3, 11-4, 10-5, 10-6, 11-7 and 11-8 on the feeder line 9 are turned on, and switches 11-1, 11-2, 10-3, 10-4, 11-5, 11-6, 10-7 and 10-8 are turned off. The phase differences of the unit antennas 23-2, 23-3, 23-4, 23-5, 23-6, 23-7 and 23-8 relative to the unit antenna 23-1 are respectively 270 degrees, 180 degrees, 90 degrees, 0 degrees, 270 degrees, 180 degrees and 90 degrees, and the stepping phase difference among the unit antennas is
The antenna generates an OAM electromagnetic vortex with a mode number l-2.
A sixth mode: switches 20-1, 21-2, 21-3, 20-4, 20-5, 21-6, 21-7 and 20-8 on the microstrip circuit are turned on, switches 21-1, 20-2, 20-3, 21-4, 21-5, 20-6, 20-7 and 21-8 are turned off, switches 11-1, 11-2, 10-3, 11-4, 10-5, 10-6, 11-7 and 10-8 on the array element feeder are turned on, and switches 10-1, 10-2, 11-3, 10-4, 11-5, 11-6, 10-7 and 11-8 are turned off. The phase differences of the unit antennas 23-2, 23-3, 23-4, 23-5, 23-6, 23-7 and 23-8 relative to the unit antenna 23-1 are respectively 225 degrees, 90 degrees, 315 degrees, 180 degrees, 45 degrees, 270 degrees and 135 degrees, and the stepping phase difference among the unit antennas is
The antenna generates an OAM electromagnetic vortex with a mode number l-3.
The technical effects of the invention are further explained by combining simulation experiments as follows:
referring to fig. 5 and 6, when the OAM mode number l is 1, the frequency band range where the return loss is less than-15 dB is 2.30-2.81GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 20.0%; when the OAM mode number l is 2, the frequency band range with the return loss less than-15 dB is 2.31-2.79GHz, and the bandwidth is 18.8%; when the OAM mode number l is 3, the frequency band range with the return loss less than-15 dB is 2.33-2.70GHz, and the bandwidth is 14.7%; when the OAM mode number l is equal to-1, the frequency band range with the return loss less than-15 dB is 2.30-2.76GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 18.2%; when the OAM mode number l is-2, the frequency band range with the return loss less than-15 dB is 2.31-2.76GHz, and the bandwidth is 17.8%; when the OAM mode number l is-3, the frequency band range of the return loss less than-15 dB is 2.29-2.73GHz, and the bandwidth is 17.5%. The bandwidth of the multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna is superior to that of an orbital angular momentum array antenna formed by the existing microstrip patch antenna, and the working performance of the antenna is improved.
Referring to fig. 7, the electric field phase distribution diagram shows a vortex characteristic, and the phase variation amount is 2 pi along one circle of the circumference, and the rotation direction is clockwise, which indicates that the invention generates orbital angular momentum vortex waves when the mode number l is 1.
Referring to fig. 8, the electric field phase distribution diagram shows a vortex characteristic, and the phase variation amount is 4 pi along one circle of the circumference, and the rotation direction is clockwise, which indicates that the invention generates orbital angular momentum vortex waves when the mode number l is 2.
Referring to fig. 9, the electric field phase distribution diagram shows a vortex characteristic, and the phase variation amount is 6 pi along one circle of the circumference, and the rotation direction is clockwise, which indicates that the invention generates orbital angular momentum vortex waves when the mode number l is 3.
Referring to fig. 10, the electric field phase distribution diagram exhibits a vortex characteristic, and the phase variation amount is 2 pi for one circle along the circumference, and the rotation direction is counterclockwise, which indicates that the invention generates orbital angular momentum vortex waves with the mode number l being-1.
Referring to fig. 11, the electric field phase distribution diagram exhibits a vortex characteristic, and the phase variation amount is 4 pi for one circle along the circumference, and the rotation direction is counterclockwise, which indicates that the present invention generates orbital angular momentum vortex waves with a mode number l-2.
Referring to fig. 12, the electric field phase distribution diagram shows a vortex characteristic, and the phase variation amount is 6 pi along one circle of the circumference, and the rotation direction is counterclockwise, which indicates that the invention generates orbital angular momentum vortex waves with the mode number l being-3.
As can be seen from simulation results of the electric field phase diagram, the multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on the uniform circular array according to the embodiment of the present invention can generate 6 orbital angular momentum vortex waves with mode values of i ═ 1, ± 2, ± 3, respectively. By changing the on-off state of the switches on the microstrip circuit 2 and the feeder line 8, switching between 6 OAM modes can be further realized.
The multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on the uniform circular array comprises a feed network, an antenna array, a feed probe and a coaxial probe, wherein the feed network comprises a first dielectric substrate, a microstrip circuit printed on the upper surface of the feed network and a grounding metal plate printed on the lower surface of the feed network, the antenna array comprises a plurality of unit antennas arranged above the feed network, the unit antennas are uniformly and circularly arranged, the coaxial probe sequentially penetrates through the grounding metal plate and the first dielectric substrate and is connected with the input end of the microstrip circuit, the feed probe is arranged between the antenna array and the feed network, the upper end of the feed probe penetrates through the first dielectric substrate and is connected with the input end of the feed line, the lower end of the feed probe penetrates through the second dielectric substrate and is connected with the output end of the microstrip circuit, and the multimode reconfigurable characteristic can be realized, meanwhile, the defects of low adjustment precision and low switching speed among different modes due to the existence of mechanical inertia in the prior art are overcome.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
It will be appreciated that the relevant features of the method and apparatus described above are referred to one another. In addition, "first", "second", and the like in the above embodiments are for distinguishing the embodiments, and do not represent merits of the embodiments.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. The multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on the uniform circular array is characterized by comprising a feed network, an antenna array, a feed probe and a coaxial probe, wherein:
the feed network comprises a first dielectric substrate, a microstrip circuit printed on the upper surface of the feed network and a grounding metal plate printed on the lower surface of the feed network, and is used for generating radio-frequency signals with specific phase difference and inputting the radio-frequency signals into the antenna array;
the antenna array comprises a plurality of unit antennas arranged above the feed network and used for radiating vortex electromagnetic waves, wherein the unit antennas are uniformly and circularly arranged, and each unit antenna comprises:
a second dielectric substrate, a radiation patch printed on a lower surface of the unit antenna, and a feed line printed on an upper surface of the unit antenna,
the surface of the radiation piece is provided with two arc grooves, so that the feeder line radiates electromagnetic waves to the external space through the arc grooves;
two openings are arranged on the feeder line, a switch is arranged on each opening, and the on-off state of each switch can be independently controlled through an external bias circuit;
the coaxial probe comprises a solid metal column arranged at the circle center of the first dielectric substrate, sequentially penetrates through the grounding metal plate and the first dielectric substrate, is connected with the input end of the microstrip circuit, and is used for inputting radio-frequency signals to the feed network;
the feed probe comprises eight solid metal columns arranged between the antenna array and the feed network, the feed probe is used for respectively transmitting radio-frequency signals with specific phase difference generated by the feed network to each unit antenna, the upper end of the feed probe penetrates through the second dielectric substrate and is connected with the input end of the feed line, and the lower end of the feed probe is connected with the output end of the microstrip circuit.
2. The homogeneous circular array based multi-modal reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radius of the antenna array is 120mm, and the axis of the antenna array is coincident with the axis of the first dielectric substrate.
3. The multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on the uniform circular array according to claim 1, wherein the microstrip circuit comprises a power divider and a serpentine, the power divider comprises two stages of power dividers, a first stage of power divider comprises 2 constant-amplitude in-phase power dividers, a second stage of power divider comprises 2 constant-amplitude in-phase power dividers and 2 constant-amplitude difference-phase power dividers, and fixed phase differences of two output ends of each constant-amplitude difference-phase power divider are both 45 °.
4. According toRightsThe multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna based on the uniform circular array as claimed in claim 3, wherein,
the microstrip line connected with the output end of the second-stage power divider is provided with two openings, each opening is provided with a switch, two switches on each microstrip line form a group, and the on-off of each group of switches is controlled by an external bias circuit;
the serpentine comprises a first serpentine with 4 sections and the same length and a second serpentine with 4 sections and the phase difference of the two snakes is 45 degrees, two openings are arranged between each section of the serpentine and the microstrip line at the output end of the power divider, a switch is arranged on each opening, two switches on each serpentine form a group, and the on-off of each group of switches is controlled by an external bias circuit.
5. The homogeneous circular array based multimode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum antenna according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the switches are PIN diode switches.
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