CN109256621A - A kind of tunable chiral unit, Meta Materials and the application method of PIN-based diode - Google Patents
A kind of tunable chiral unit, Meta Materials and the application method of PIN-based diode Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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Abstract
A kind of adjustable type chirality electromagnetism Meta Materials of PIN-based pipe are made of multiple chiral units on sub-wavelength dimensions along orthogonal direction is regularly arranged.Chiral unit includes processing two open annular metals for mutually reversing certain angle in medium substrate upper and lower surface, the component is primary resonance component, process a gap respectively on two annular metals, annular metal two parts have been divided into this way, PIN diode is welded on the surface of annular metal, its positive and negative anodes is separately connected two parts of annular metal, two parts of annular metal are connected with metal band by metal contact wires, metal band is divided into positive and negative two parts, is connected by external connection line with power supply.Voltage or electric current are adjusted in the range of being no more than PIN diode breakdown voltage value, the resonant state of annular metal can be changed, and then change the transmissivity and transmission frequency range of cross polarization electromagnetic wave.The present invention has the effect of being continuously adjusted, and further realizes the regulation of phase, can apply under a variety of occasions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wirelessly communicate and Novel manual electromagnetic material field, and in particular to a kind of PIN-based diode
Tunable chiral unit, Meta Materials and application method.
Background technique
It is chiral ubiquitous in nature, if an object can not be overlapped by translation, rotation process with its mirror image,
It is called " chiral ".Chiral material is the synthetic material made using chiral structure, in chiral material, LCP
Wave and RCP wave are two eigen modes of its electromagnetic wave.It is chiral for different incidence waves due to the presence of electro-magnetic cross coupling
Material can generate different refractive index, i.e. chiral presence can make the refractive index of one of circularly polarised wave become smaller, and another
A kind of refractive index of circularly polarised wave becomes larger.Thus, if the chiral parameter of material is sufficiently strong, the folding of a branch of circularly polarised wave therein
The rate of penetrating is possible to become negative value.2004, the design of Pendry et al. theoretically confirmed the presence of negative index, and draws
The theory of Meta Materials is entered, this negative-index metamaterial is different from left-hand metamaterial before, and negative index is by chirality
It come what is realized, does not need dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity is all negative value, therefore be referred to as " chiral Meta Materials ".Due to chiral super material
There are the couplings of powerful electro-magnetic cross for material, when so that the electromagnetic wave of certain polarized state being propagated in the medium, some electromagnetism
Wave is converted into (i.e. mutual inversion of phases or left-handed mutual right-handed circular polarization between X and Y polarization opposite with its polarized state
Conversion) electromagnetic wave.Similarly, when electromagnetic wave is incident on medium the other way around, corresponding polarization conversion can also occur.This
Allowing for artificial chiral structure often has asymmetric transmission characteristic for fixed polarization electromagnetic wave.
However, most of work before all cannot achieve controllable effect, can be only applied under single occasion, device
Frequency of use or amplitude etc. cannot all change after processing is completed.Microwave section active device, such as PIN diode can be by outer
Add bias voltage to change its equivalent parameters, can realize working frequency range or amplitude-phase in conjunction with artificial electromagnetic Meta Materials
Adjustability.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in view of the above problems, the invention proposes a kind of super materials of adjustable type chirality electromagnetism of PIN-based pipe
Material, the working condition of PIN pipe is controlled by external voltage or current excitation, thus change the transmission performance of array, it can
Enough it is applied to a variety of occasions.
To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: a kind of chiral unit, the chiral unit
By medium substrate (1), two open annular metals (2), two metal bands (3), two metal bands (4), two bis- poles PIN
Manage (5), power supply (8), four metal contact wires (9) compositions；Two open annular metals (2) are located at the upper and lower of medium substrate (1)
Surface, and the two mutually reverses certain angle L1；One side of the opening (10) of upper layer annular metal (2) and vertical auxiliary line
(14) it is overlapped, the angled L2 of line on be open both sides and the center of circle, one side of the opening (11) of lower layer's annular metal (2) and level
Auxiliary line (15) angled L3, the angled L2 of line on be open both sides and the center of circle；Gap (12) and (13) are by upper and lower two ring-types
Metal (2) is respectively divided into two parts；PIN diode (5) is welded on the surface of annular metal (2), and positive and negative anodes are separately connected
Two parts of annular metal (2)；Two metal bands (3) are located at the lower surface of medium substrate (1), and are arranged in lower layer's ring-type
The two sides up and down of metal (2), and connect by metal contact wires (9) with two parts of annular metal (2), metal band (3)
It is divided into positive and negative two parts, respectively corresponds the anode and cathode of PIN diode (5), and pass through external connection line and power supply (8)
It is connected；Two metal bands (4) are located at the upper surface of medium substrate (1), and are arranged in the left and right two of upper layer annular metal (2)
Side is connect by metal contact wires (9) with two parts of annular metal (2), and metal band (4) is divided into positive and negative two parts, point
The anode and cathode for not corresponding to PIN diode (5) make a call to two plated-through holes (6), (7) inside medium substrate (1).
Further, gap (12) are identical with the relative position of (13) in annular metal (2), i.e. gap (12) and (13)
Mutually torsion certain angle L1.
Further, the angle L1 value be 60 ° -70 °, angle L2 value be 40 ° -50 °, angle L3 value be 20 ° -
30°。
Further, the line in the center of gap (12) and the center of circle is in 10 ° of -20 ° of degree angles, gap along vertical auxiliary line (14)
(13) line at center and the center of circle is in 5 ° of -15 ° of degree angles along horizontal auxiliary line (15), and gap width is set according to PIN diode (5)
It sets.
Further, metal band (4) is equal to medium base perpendicular to lower metal band (3), the length of metal band (3)
The length of plate (1), the length of metal band (4) are less than the length of medium substrate (1).
Further, plated-through hole (6), (7) are positioned at the two sides of i.e. gap (12) and (13), so that upper layer and lower layer PIN
The homopolarity of pipe is connected, and two PIN pipes are fed simultaneously.
In addition, the present invention also proposes a kind of adjustable type chirality electromagnetism Meta Materials of PIN-based pipe, by above-mentioned multiple hands
Property unit along orthogonal direction periodic arrangement constitute.
Further it is proposed that a kind of application method of the adjustable type chirality electromagnetism Meta Materials of PIN-based pipe, electromagnetic wave enter
It is mapped to the adjustable type chirality electromagnetism Meta Materials surface of PIN-based pipe, by adjusting the operating voltage or electric current of PIN pipe, changes ring
The resonant state of shape metal, and then change the transmissivity and transmission frequency range of cross polarization electromagnetic wave.
By adjusting the operating voltage or electric current of PIN pipe, the resonant state of open annular metal can be changed, and then change and hand over
Pitch the transmissivity and transmission frequency range of polarized electromagnetic wave.It is single when the work of PIN pipe is under " conducting " and " cut-off " two limiting conditions
Member has biggish cross polarization transmissivity under two different frequency ranges, and frequency is 10.5~11.8GHz, " cut-off " when " conducting "
When frequency be 9.5~10.8GHz.And at 10.728 ± 0.1GHz range, transmission amplitude is equal, and phase difference is about 180 °.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has following advantageous effects:
The tunable chiral Meta Materials that the present invention designs can be regulated and controled by the bias voltage of PIN pipe working frequency range and thoroughly
Rate is penetrated, and further realizes the regulation of phase.The Meta Materials are conducive to the diversification and adjustability of chiral electromagnetism Meta Materials function,
Flexible Application is made it possible under multiple occasions, there is very high engineering application value and great development prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 gives the cellular construction and its functional characteristics of tunable chiral array.
Fig. 2 gives the top view a and bottom perspective view b of chiral unit.
Fig. 3 is the transmission coefficient of (the first row) under the obtained PIN pipe " conducting " status of emulation: (a) fl transmission, (b) after
To transmission；Emulation obtains the transmission coefficient of (the second row) under PIN pipe " cut-off " state: (c) fl transmission, (d) reverse transfers.
Fig. 4 gives PIN pipe under " conducting " and " cut-off " two states, the intersection of the x polarized electromagnetic wave of forward direction incidence
The transmissivity that polarizes and phase difference.
Fig. 5 gives PIN pipe under " conducting " and " cut-off " two states, x the and y polarized electromagnetic wave of forward direction incidence is not
Symmetrical transmission parameter.
Fig. 6 gives at 10.728GHz (the first row) and 11GHz (the second row) frequency, opposite under PIN pipe " conducting " status
The Energy distribution of electromagnetic wave when the incidence of direction.(a) (c) fl transmission, (b) (d) reverse transfers.
Fig. 7 gives at 10.5GHz (the first row) and 10.728GHz (the second row) frequency, and PIN manages phase under " cut-off " state
The Energy distribution of electromagnetic wave when opposite direction incidence.(a) (c) fl transmission, (b) (d) reverse transfers.
Fig. 8 is that emulation obtains the cross polarization transmissivity that PIN pipe passes through unit when different electric currents.
Fig. 9 is scattering parameter of the PIN pipe work under low current (20uA) state.
Specific embodiment
Further description of the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Tunable chiral Meta Materials proposed by the invention are expanded by the chiral unit period on sub-wavelength dimensions and are arranged to make up.
The chiral unit is by 2, two, the open annular metal metal band 3 of medium substrate 1, two, two metal bands, 4, two PIN
Diode 5, metallization VIA 6 and 7, four metal contact wires 9 form.The upper and lower surface of medium substrate 1 is processed two and is mutually turned round
Turn 65 ° of open annular metal 2, which is to provide the component of resonance characteristic.The opening 10 of upper layer annular metal 2, one
Side is overlapped with vertical auxiliary line 14, and the line in opening both sides and the center of circle is in 45 degree of angles.The opening 11 of lower layer's annular metal 2,
It is on one side 25 degree angles with horizontal auxiliary line 15, the line in be open both sides and the center of circle can regard upper layer opening as in 45 degree of angles
10 rotate clockwise 65 degree of gained along the center of circle.It is upper surface on the left of unit in Fig. 1 b, right side is lower surface.
Upper and lower two annular metals 2 are respectively divided into two parts by gap 12 and 13, and gap 12 and 13 is in annular metal 2
Relative position it is identical, i.e., gap 12 and 13 mutually torsion 65 degree.PIN diode uses paster type encapsulation, is directly welded at ring
The surface of shape metal 2 is located at gap, and positive and negative anodes are separately connected two parts of annular metal 2.The center in gap 12 and circle
The line of the heart is in 15 degree of angles along vertical auxiliary line 14, and gap width 0.3mm, the center in gap 13 and the line in the center of circle are along horizontal
Auxiliary line 15 is in 10 degree of angles, gap width 0.3mm.Gap width can carry out practice setting according to two PIN diodes 5.
Above-mentioned angle can be configured according to actual needs.
The lower surface of medium substrate 1 processes two metal bands 3, positioned at the two sides up and down of lower layer's annular metal 2, and passes through
Two parts of metal contact wires 9 and annular metal 2 are connect, and metal band 3 divides for positive and negative two parts, respectively correspond bis- pole PIN
The anode and cathode of pipe 5, the equal length of the band length and medium substrate 1 are directly connected to external power supply.Medium substrate 1
Upper surface processes two metal bands 4 and passes through metal contact wires 9 and annular metal positioned at the left and right sides of upper layer annular metal 2
Two of 2 parts connect, and metal band 4 divides for positive and negative two parts, respectively correspond the anode and cathode of PIN diode 5, this
Band is perpendicular to lower metal band 3, and length is less than the length of medium substrate 1, for reinforcing the electro-magnetic cross of integral unit structure
Coupling effect.Two plated-through holes 6,7 are made a call to inside medium substrate 1, metallization VIA 6 is located at a left side for vertical auxiliary line 14
Side along vertical auxiliary line 14 is in 85 degree angles with the line in the center of circle, positioned at radius R22 edge of annular metal at=1.95mm.
Metallization VIA 7 is located at the downside of vertical auxiliary line (dotted line), is similarly positioned in radius R22 side of annular metal at=1.95mm
Edge, so that the homopolarity of upper layer and lower layer PIN pipe is connected, and two PIN pipes are fed simultaneously.The dielectric constant of medium substrate 1
It is selected as 10.2.Metal band 3 is connected by external connection line 8 with power supply, provides operating voltage or electric current for PIN pipe.
Symbol 1-15 is respectively represented in figure: medium substrate 1, open annular metal 2, metal 3, metal band 4, bis- pole PIN
Pipe 5, plated-through hole 6 and 7, external connection line 8, metal contact wires 9, the opening 10 and 11 of annular metal 2, annular metal 2
Gap 12 and 13, vertical auxiliary line 14, horizontal auxiliary line 15.Fig. 2 gives the top view a and bottom perspective view of chiral unit
b.Geometric parameter are as follows: unit period p=10mm, the length a=9.6mm, two metal band spacing b=of metal band 4
8.6mm, metal band width w1=0.4mm, 9 width w of metal contact wires2=0.2mm, the outer radius R of open annular metal 21=
4mm, the inside radius R of open annular metal 22=1.95mm.Furthermore, it is possible to design the value of above-mentioned parameter according to actual needs.
Assuming that then transmitted wave is divided into x polarization and the pole y in the electromagnetic wave vertical incidence to Meta Materials of x polarization mode
Change the combination of component.Its transmission characteristic can be indicated with Jones matrix:
Wherein, ' Txx’、‘Tyx’、‘Txy' and ' Tyy' to respectively represent the same polarization transmissivity of x polarization incidence wave, x polarization incident
The same polarization transmissivity of the cross polarization transmissivity of wave, the cross polarization transmissivity of y polarization incidence wave and y polarization incidence wave.WithTransmissivity when respectively representing such as the polarized electromagnetic wave fl transmission of x or y and reverse transfers, subscript ' lin '
Indicate linear polarised electromagnetic wave, subscript ' f ' indicates fl transmission, and subscript ' b ' indicates reverse transfers.
Asymmetric transmission parameter (AT) is used for the cross polarization transmission potential of quantitative description opposite direction incident electromagnetic wave
Difference.For linear polarised electromagnetic wave, have:
ATx=| Tyx|2-|Txy|2=-ATy. (2)
Wherein ' ATx' and ' ATy' respectively represent x polarized electromagnetic wave asymmetric transmission parameter and y polarized electromagnetic wave it is non-right
Claim configured transmission.Work as ATxAnd ATyAbsolute value when reaching maximum value 1, show that asymmetric transmission effect at this time is best.
Fig. 3, which gives, obtains transmissivity of the unit under PIN diode " conducting " and " cut-off " state by numerical simulation.
For the electromagnetic wave of fl transmission, the unit in corresponding diagram 1b is from left-hand face incidence, when PIN diode work " is being led
It is logical " state when, x polarizes the cross polarization transmissivity T of incidence waveyxReached in 10.5 to 11.8GHz frequency range 0.7 with
On amplitude, as f=11.19GHz, TyxReach 0.88 peak value.Txx、TxyAnd TyyBelow 0.3.When PIN diode work
When making under " cut-off " state, the cross polarization transmission frequency range of x polarization incident electromagnetic wave becomes 9.5 to 10.8GHz, works as f=
When 9.8GHz, TyxReach 0.86.Txx、TxyAnd TyyBelow 0.4.When reverse transfer, the cross-pole of y polarization incident electromagnetic wave
Change transmissivity TxyWith the cross polarization transmissivity T of x polarization incident electromagnetic wave when fl transmissionyxIt is identical, and remaining parameter exists
0.4 hereinafter, this embodies the chirality of this cellular construction.
Fig. 4 give PIN manage " conducting " and " cut-off " state under, x polarization incident electromagnetic wave fl transmission when intersection
Phase difference under the transmissivity that polarizes and two states.As seen from Figure 4, under the two states of PIN pipe work, x polarization
The cross polarization transmissivity T of incident electromagnetic waveyxThe size having the same in the frequency range of 10.728 ± 0.1GHz, and this
The phase difference of Shi Danyuan is close to 180 °.
Asymmetric configured transmission is calculated by equation (2), acquired results are as shown in Figure 5.The result shows that PIN pipe " is being led
It is logical " and " cut-off " state under, structure asymmetry configured transmission ATxOr ATyValue greater than 0.6 band limits be respectively 10.5 to
11.8GHz and 9.5 to 10.8GHz, peak value reach 0.7.In order to which asymmetric transmission characteristic is better described, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are mentioned respectively
Ambient energy distribution situation of the chiral unit under two states is supplied.Forward and backward is incident it can be seen from Fig. 6 and Fig. 7
The transmission potential of x polarized electromagnetic wave there are great differences, fully demonstrated the good asymmetric transmission effect of the chiral unit.
Characteristic of the PIN pipe work under limiting condition is discussed above, limiting condition is " conducting " and " cut-off ".Fig. 8 gives
The transmissivity of PIN pipe work cross polarization electromagnetic wave under different voltages or electric current is gone out.As seen from Figure 8, for forward direction
For incident x polarized electromagnetic wave, when PIN diode work is under " cut-off " state, i.e. 0mA, 9.5~10.8GHz's
In frequency range, cross polarization transmissivity Tyx0.7 or more, with becoming larger for voltage or electric current, the transmissivity of cross polarization wave
It gradually becomes smaller, until reaching minimum value, i.e., 0.1 or so.And in the frequency range of 10.8~12GHz, TyxWith voltage or electric current
Become larger and become larger, until reaching maximum value, i.e., 0.7 or more.
Based on this characteristic, we come the transmissivity of selecting unit and can transmit frequency range by the bias of change PIN pipe,
To meet the needs of different occasions.Such as we choose a certain state of PIN pipe work, if operating current is 20uA, before observation
To the scattering parameter of x polarized electromagnetic wave when incidence, as shown in Fig. 9 (a).It can be seen that in 10.2~11.2GHz frequency range, it is preceding
To the cross polarization transmissivity T of incident x polarized electromagnetic waveyx, same polarization transmissivity Txx, cross polarization reflectivity RyxAnd homopolarity
Change reflectivity RxxBoth less than 0.3, most of electromagnetic wave energy is absorbed this explanation by structure in this state.And it polarizes for y
Incident electromagnetic wave, as shown in Fig. 9 (b), same polarization reflectivity RyyIt is greater than 0.85 in the frequency range of 9~13GHz, illustrates most of energy
Amount is all reflected.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of chiral unit, which is characterized in that the chiral unit by medium substrate (1), two open annular metals (2),
Two metal bands (3), two metal bands (4), two PIN diodes (5), power supply (8), four metal contact wires (9) groups
At；Two open annular metals (2) are located at the upper and lower surface of medium substrate (1), and the two mutually reverses certain angle L1；Upper layer
One side of the opening (10) of annular metal (2) is overlapped with vertical auxiliary line (14), and the line in opening both sides and the center of circle is angled
L2, one side and horizontal auxiliary line (15) the angled L3 of the opening (11) of lower layer's annular metal (2), opening both sides and the center of circle
The angled L2 of line；Upper and lower two annular metals (2) are respectively divided into two parts by gap (12) and (13)；PIN diode (5)
It is welded on the surface of annular metal (2), positive and negative anodes are separately connected two parts of annular metal (2)；Two metal bands (3)
Positioned at the lower surface of medium substrate (1), and the two sides up and down of lower layer's annular metal (2) are arranged in, and pass through metal contact wires (9)
It is connect with two parts of annular metal (2), metal band (3) is divided into positive and negative two parts, respectively corresponds PIN diode (5)
Anode and cathode, and be connected by external connection line with power supply (8)；Two metal bands (4) are located at the upper of medium substrate (1)
Surface, and it is arranged in the left and right sides of upper layer annular metal (2), pass through two portions of metal contact wires (9) and annular metal (2)
Divide connection, metal band (4) is divided into positive and negative two parts, the anode and cathode of PIN diode (5) is respectively corresponded, in medium substrate
(1) internal to make a call to two plated-through holes (6), (7).
2. a kind of chiral unit according to claim 1, which is characterized in that gap (12) and (13) are in annular metal (2)
In relative position it is identical, i.e. gap (12) and (13) mutually torsion certain angle L1.
3. a kind of chiral unit according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the angle L1 value is 60 ° -70 °,
Angle L2 value is 40 ° -50 °, and angle L3 value is 20 ° -30 °.
4. a kind of chiral unit according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the center of gap (12) and the company in the center of circle
Line is in 10 ° of -20 ° of degree angles along vertical auxiliary line (14), and the center of gap (13) and the line in the center of circle are in along horizontal auxiliary line (15)
5 ° of -15 ° of degree angles, gap width are arranged according to PIN diode (5).
5. a kind of chiral unit according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, which is characterized in that metal band (4) is perpendicular to lower layer
Metal band (3), the length of metal band (3) are equal to the length of medium substrate (1), and the length of metal band (4) is less than medium
The length of substrate (1).
6. a kind of chiral unit according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, which is characterized in that plated-through hole (6), (7) are located at
That is the two sides of gap (12) and (13), so that the homopolarity of upper layer and lower layer PIN pipe is connected, two PIN pipes are fed simultaneously.
7. a kind of adjustable type chirality electromagnetism Meta Materials of PIN-based pipe, multiple hands as described in claim 1 or 4 or 5 or 6
Property unit along orthogonal direction periodic arrangement constitute.
8. a kind of a kind of application method of the adjustable type chirality electromagnetism Meta Materials of PIN-based pipe as claimed in claim 7, electromagnetic wave enter
It is mapped to the surface of the adjustable type chirality electromagnetism Meta Materials of PIN-based pipe, by adjusting the operating voltage or electric current of PIN pipe, is changed
The resonant state of annular metal, and then change the transmissivity and transmission frequency range of cross polarization electromagnetic wave.
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Application publication date: 20190122 |